R 301542Z DEC 08 FM AMEMBASSY GUATEMALA TO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC 6709 C O N F I D E N T I A L GUATEMALA 001593 SUBJECT: PRESIDENT COLOM REPLACES TOP MILITARY

LEADERSHIP REF: A. GUATEMALA 1504 B. GUATEMALA 353 Classified By: Political Officer Lance Hegerle for reasons 1.4(b,d) 1. (C) Summary: On December 21, in a pointed political message to the military, President Alvaro Colom announced the replacement of the Minister of Defense and the four other most senior military leaders. The changes took the military and local media by surprise, but President Colom had informed the Ambassador of his plans to shake up the military on December 18. Colom informed the Ambassador that he was concerned by rumors of disloyalty within the top ranks of the military, and had decided to remove the Minister of Defense, the Military Chief of Staff, and other high-ranking officers. The Ambassador persuaded the President to replace three senior officers (Barrientos, Picon, and Reneau) linked to drug trafficking. The changes should not negatively affect post's good relations with the Ministry of Defense, and may improve implementation of IMET and FMF related

programs.

End Summary.

--------------------------------------President Sacks Top Military Leadership --------------------------------------2. (C) On November 23, President Alvaro Colom informed the Ambassador that he had received reports accusing several top members of the military of disloyalty. Colom presented the Ambassador with a list of six names, including the Minister of Defense (MinDef), General Marco Tulio Garcia Franco, and the Military Chief of Staff (CHOD), General Ronald Maurico Illescas Garcia. He said he was considering their removal, and wanted Embassy input on potential replacements. The Ambassador responded that the Embassy had a good working relationship with the Minister of Defense, and possessed no derogatory information on either individual. The Ambassador did urge the President to remove three senior officers suspected of ties to narcotraffickers On December 18, Colom again discussed his concerns about the military with the Ambassador and informed him that he planned to remove the MinDef along with other key officers. He stated that he was not pleased with the military's response to a recent narcotics related shoot-out in Huehuetenango (ref a), and was also concerned with reports that senior military leaders were aligned with the opposition political party Partido Patriota. On December 21, Colom called the Ambassador to inform him that he had indeed replaced the MinDef, the CHOD and three other key officers. Colom repeated statements that the changes were driven by concerns over political

loyalty and operational competence, but the timing of the removals suggests that other motives were involved. 3. (C) Garcia Franco, the MinDef, has been replaced by General Abraham Valenzuela Gonzalez, who was on active duty but without an actual position and had last served as the commander of the 5th brigade in Huehuetenango in 2007. Embassy officials have had limited interaction with Valenzuela, but reports on him are generally favorable. Illescas, the CHOD, has been replaced by Air Force General Juan Jose Ruiz Morales. Ruiz served under Garcia Franco as the Commander of the Air Force, and has a good working relationship with embassy personnel. (Milgroup NOTE: Ruiz has worked closely with Milgroup representatives to implement newly restored IMET and FMF programs focused on increasing the Air Force's operational capacity. Milgroup has been frustrated with the slow pace with which the Defense Ministry's bureaucracy has moved to approve FMF-funded purchases targeted for the Air Force, and welcomes Ruiz taking over the office that coordinates this process. END NOTE). Colonel Pedro Antonio Noriega Cuellar has been named to replace Ruiz as Air Force commander. Noriega had been the head of D3 (Operations), and in that capacity had developed a constructive relationship with Milgroup. The former commander of the Guatemalan Navy, Vice Admiral Roberto Fernando Campos Sanchez, replaced Vice Admiral Carlos Rene Alvardo as the Vice Minister of Defense. As the Commander of the Navy, Campos worked closely with embassy officers to increase the Navy's cooperation on counternarcotics and modernization issues. While the Vice Minister

position is technically the fourth most senior position within the MOD, it is largely a symbolic position. While Embassy officers expect Campos to continue to be open to working with the U.S., his unwavering support as head of the Navy will be missed. Captain Jose Antonio Lemus Guzman, currently the head of military intelligence, has been named to succeed Campos as Navy Commander. Embassy Officers enjoy a close working relationship with Lemus and anticipate he will continue the good coordination between the Embassy and the Navy. 4. (C) Colonel Anibal Flores Espana is the new Military Inspector General and Colonel Carlos Adolfo Mansilla Mendez was named as the Deputy Chief of Staff. Flores Espana replaced Brigadier General Jose Luis Barrientos Pau. The Ambassador had encouraged the President to remove Barrientos Pau due to persistent allegations linking him to narcotics traffickers and organized crime, as well as his alleged involvement in conflict-era human rights violations, including the high profile 1996 disappearance of Efrain Bamaca. Embassy personnel have a long standing and positive relationship with Flores Espana. Flores Espana is the brother of Joaquin Flores Espana, who was implicated in a 2004 embezzlement scheme to finance President Colom's 2003 unsuccessful presidential campaign. Joaquin Flores Espana's son, Jairo Flores, participated in UNE's 2007 campaign and is currently the head of the government's Office of Urban Social Cohesion, and one of the closest advisors to Colom's wife, Sandra Torres. Flores Espana's last posting was as the 5th brigade commander in Huehuetenango. He reportedly was personally commended by Colom for his work in response to narcotics related violence.

Milgroup enjoys a good relationship with him. March 2005 Mansilla's B1/B2 visa was revoked due allegations of embezzlement of public funds. was never been convicted of wrongdoing, but it an issue of concern. ----------------------------------------Reshuffling of Colonels in Early December -----------------------------------------

In to He is

5. (C) The December 21 changes were preceded by several changes in important command positions. Colonel Jorge Ortega Gaytan was transferred from his position as the Ministry of Defense's Spokesperson to command the prestigious Honor Guard Brigade, one of two brigades stationed in the capital. Ortega had excelled in his role as the military's public face arguing for more resources. Picon has been replaced by Colonel Juan Francisco Loranca Gomar, the former head of Civil Military Relations Directorate, who does not possess Ortega's press experience or charisma. Ortega replaced Colonel Roderico Mendez Diaz, who assumed command of the Parachute Brigade based near the port of San Jose. The former head of he Parachute Brigade, Odber Enrique Argueta Meria was transferred to command the Second Infantry Brigade, located in the Department of Zacapa. Argueta replaced Colonel Victor Rene Picon, who was rumored to be involved in narcotics smuggling. The Ambassador had also asked the President to replace Picon due to drug trafficking concerns. He has not been provided with an onward assignment. A perfect example of the lack of continuity within the military is that on December 23 Ortega was replaced

by Colonel Carlos Alberto Gaytan Nufio as the head of the Honor Guard Brigade. Ortega has not received an onward assignment, and it is unclear if he will be transferred to a command position in the remote Peten area, or be permanently sidelined. 6. (C) Navy Captain Juan Contreras Aleman was named to replace Navy Captain Rafael Alfonso Reneau as the Commander of Guatemala's Pacific Command. Rumors of involvement in narcotics trafficking surrounded Reneau, and he was uncooperative with Post's counter narcotics activities regarding maritime CN interdiction. The Ambassador had asked the President to remove him. 7. (C) Comment: A high rate of turnover in senior command positions and the resulting lack of continuity is a common theme in the Guatemalan Military. Valenzuela is the ninth MinDef in the last nine years and the second under Colom's administration. Even in a ministry that has suffered frequent command changes, this most recent change was drastic in that it removed the entire military senior command structure at once. Both Valenzuela and Ruiz have three years of service remaining before mandatory retirement, which means it is possible that they could serve in their current positions throughout the remainder of Colom's administration. If this were to happen it would provide the Ministry of Defense with much needed stability and continuity. 8. (C) The timing of the changes appears to be a clear message from President Colom to the military

that he is in charge and will not tolerate senior officers having ties to the political opposition. If Colom had not intended to send a strong message he could have waited until the first weeks of January when senior members of government traditionally present the President with letters of resignation. Additionally, both Garcia Franco and Illescas would have reached mandatory retirement age in June, 2009, and their replacement at that time would have excited little if any comment. It is unclear what additional reasons Colom may have had for the changes beyond those he stated privately to the Ambassador, if any. Press reports indicate that Garcia Franco's refusal to obey Colom's order to turn over battle plans and records dating from the conflict-era to the civilian organization charged with investigating conflictera human rights abuses was a factor in his removal. (Garcia Franco publicly argued at the time that he doubted the constitutionality of the Presidents oral instruction, and therefore wanted it in writing, ref b). Regardless of the true reasons behind the changes, the frequent communication between Colom and the Ambassador regarding the President's concerns and his solicitation of the Embassy's opinion on possible replacements demonstrates President Colom's confidence in the USG, and his desire to maintain good bilateral cooperation. McFarland (Edited and reading.) reformatted by Andres for ease of