1.

Rotten Borough a parliamentary borough or constituency in the United Kingdom that had a very small electorate and could be used by a patron to gain unrepresentative influence within Parliament. 2. An electorate are voters, or people entitled to vote in an election. 3. Peoples charter is a political movement in the United Kingdom. 4. Queen Victoria was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India. 5. Benjamin Disraeli was a British Prime Minister, parliamentarian, Conservative statesman and literary figure. Starting from comparatively humble origins, he served in government for three decades, twice as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. 6. William Gladstone was a British Liberal statesman. In a career lasting over sixty years, he served as Prime Minister four separate times, more than any other person. 7. A parliamentary system is a system of government in which the ministers of the executive branch get their democratic legitimacy from the legislature and are accountable to that body, such that the executive and legislative branches are intertwined. 8. Queen Victoria becomes the British Queen in 1937 leading to the Victorian era, a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military progress including further growth and influence of "The British Empire" including taking control of India one of her many titles was "Empress of India". India comes under British Rule and becomes part of the British Empire, Britain continues it's building and control of the British Empire around the world including Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Afghanistan, New Zealand, South Africa, Egypt. In its heyday in the late 1800's and very early 1900's under the rule of Queen Victoria the British Empire controlled one-quarter of the world's population and a quarter of the Earth's total land area. 9. Under a free trade policy, prices emerge from supply and demand, and are the sole determinant of resource allocation. 10. The Corn Laws were trade barriers designed to protect cereal producers in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland against competition from less expensive foreign imports between 1815 and 1846. 11. A repeal is the amendment, removal or reversal of a law. This is generally done when a law is no longer effective, or it is shown that a law is having far more negative consequences than were originally envisioned. 12. Capital punishment, the death penalty, or execution is the sentence of death upon a person by the state as a punishment for an offence. 13. A penal colony is a settlement used to exile prisoners and separate them from the general populace by placing them in a remote location, often an island or

distant colonial territory. 14. The Fabian Society is a British socialist movement, whose purpose is to advance the principles of democratic socialism via gradualist and reformist, rather than revolutionary, means.15. A British political activist and leader of the British suffragette movement which helped women win the right to vote named Emmiline Pankhurst. 16. Absentee landlord is an economic term for a person who owns and rents out a profit-earning property, but does not live within the property's local economic region. 17. In Ireland, the Great Famine was a period of mass starvation, disease and emigration between 1845 and 1852.[1] It is also known, mostly outside Ireland, as the Irish Potato Famine. 18. Home rule is the power of a constituent part (administrative division) of a state to exercise such of the state's powers of governance within its own administrative area that have been devolved to it by the central government. 19. Louis-Napolon Bonaparte was the President of the French Second Republic and as Napoleon III, the ruler of the Second French Empire. He was the nephew and heir of Napoleon I. 20. The Suez Canal also known by the nickname "The Highway to India", is an artificial sealevel waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. 21. A provisional government is an emergency or interim government set up when a political void has been created by the collapse of a very large government. 22. In many nations, premier is used interchangeably with "prime minister". 23. A coalition is a pact or treaty among individuals or groups, during which they cooperate in joint action, each in their own self-interest, joining forces together for a common cause. 24. Alfred Drefus was a French artillery officer of Jewish background whose trial and conviction in 1894 on charges of treason became one of the most tense political dramas in modern French and European history. 25. Libel is the communication of a statement that makes a claim, expressly stated or implied to be factual, that may give an individual, business, product, group, government, or nation a negative image. 26. Zionism a Jewish political movement that, in its broadest sense, has supported the self-determination of the Jewish people in a sovereign Jewish national homeland. 27. the republican government of France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed due to the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, to 1940, when France was overrun by Nazi Germany during World War II, resulting in the German and Italian occupations of France and the Vichy France puppet government. the Third Republic was sharply polarized.

On the left marched democratic France, heir to the French Revolution and fully assured of the power of reason and knowledge to create a better future for all Frenchmen and all mankind. 28. In 1894 a list of French military documents (called a bordereau) was found in the waste paper bin of the German embassy in Paris. French counter-intelligence suspected Captain Alfred Dreyfus, from a wealthy Alsatian Jewish family. He was one of the few Jews on the General Staff (the Holy of Holies).After an irregular court martial where documents were withheld from the defence, Dreyfus was found guilty and sentenced to Devils Island off French Guiana.Very few people believed his protestations of innocence even though hand writing experts had disagreed at his trial. Documents were forged by an intelligence officer Major Henry to prove Dreyfuss guilt. 29. Manifest Destiny was the 19th century American belief that the United States was destined to expand across the continent. 30. Secede is the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or especially a political entity. Threats of secession also can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals. 31. Segregation means to set apart or separating things or people. 32. Progressives is an umbrella term for a political ideology advocating or favoring social, political, and economic reform or changes.