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Generic/ Brand name & Classification

Dose, strength & Formulation

Indication/Mechanism of Drug Action

Adverse/Side effects
y

Nursing Responsibilities .Do not exceed the recommended dosage. Consult physician if needed for children < 3 yr; if needed for longer than 10 d; if continued fever, severe or recurrent pain occurs (possible serious illness). Avoid using multiple preparations containing acetaminophen. Carefully check all OTC products. Give drug with food if GI upset is noted. Discontinue drug if hypersensitivity reactions occur. Treatment of

Generic:

Ordered:  300mg Timing:  Q4 Route:  IV

acetaminophen

Brand:  Paracetamol

Classification:

Indications: Analgesicantipyretic in patients with aspirin allergy, hemostatic disturbances, bleeding diatheses, upper GI disease, gouty arthritis Arthritis and rheumatic disorders involving musculoskeletal pain (but lacks clinically significant antirheumatic and antiinflammatory effects) Common cold, flu, other viral and bacterial infections with pain and fever Mechanism of Action:  Antipyretic: reduces fever by acting directly on the hypothalamic heat-regulating center to cause vasodilation and sweating, which helps dissipate heat Analgesic: site and mechanism of action unclear.

y y

Antipyretic Analgesic (nonnarcotic)

Adverse reactions: y CNS: Headache y CV: Chest pain, dyspnea, myocardial damage when doses of 58 g/d are ingested daily for several weeks or when doses of 4 g/d are ingested for 1 year y GI: Hepatic toxicity and failure, jaundice y GU: Acute kidney failure, renal tubular necrosis

overdose: Monitor serum levels regularly, Nacetylcysteine should be available as a specific antidote; basic life support measures may be necessary.

Generic/ Brand name & Classification

Dose, strength & Formulation

Indication/Mechanism of Drug Action

Adverse/Side effects .

Nursing Responsibilities

Generic:  Omeprazole

Ordered:  500mg Timing:  TID

Classification:

y y

Antisecretory agent Proton pump

Indications:  Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer  First-line therapy in treatment of heartburn or symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)  Short-term treatment of active benign gastric ulcer

Adverse reactions:
y

Mechanism of Action:

CNS: Headache, dizziness, asthenia, vertigo, insomnia, apathy, anxiety, paresthesias, dream abnormalities Dermatologic: Rash, inflammation, urticaria, pruritus, alopecia, dry skin GI: Diarrhea,

Administer before meals. Caution patient to swallow capsules whole not to open, chew, or crush. Arrange for further evaluation of patient after 8 wk of therapy for gastroreflux disorders; not

inhibitor

 Gastric acid-pump inhibitor: suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the hydrogen/potassium ATPase enzyme system at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells; blocks the final step of acid production.

abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, constipation, dry mouth, tongue atrophy

intended for maintenance therapy. Symptomatic improvement does not rule out gastric cancer, which did occur in preclinical studies. Administer antacids with omeprazole, if needed.

Generic/ Brand name & Classification

Dose, strength & Formulation

Indication/Mechanism of Drug Action

Adverse/Side effects

Nursing Responsibilities

Generic: Hexetidine Timing:  Q8 Route:  PO Classification: Oral antiseptic

Indications: Adverse reactions:  Minor sore throat; halitosis, general oral hygiene,  Allergic Improves appearance of contact mouth tissue, protects dermatitis, toothe surfaces afaints  taste formation of decay acids. alterations, Mechanism of Action:  transient  Protection against oral anesth, bacterial and fungal  mouth or infection to give fast relief tongue from sore throat and mouth irritation. ulcers. First, bactidol quicly reduces bacteria in the affected areas to help relieve and prevent soreness, then hexetidine contains adheres to affected areas for extended period of time, giving long lasting protection.

.  Instruct patient not to swallow the medication.  Caution the patient that the solution may be too harsh to taste.  Assess for any lesions in the mouth of the patient.

Generic/ Brand name & Classification

Dose, strength & Formulation

Indication/Mechanism of Drug Action

Adverse/Side effects

Nursing Responsibilities

Generic:  Lactulose

Ordered:  30cc Timing:  BID

Indications:  Constipation, salmonellosis. Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy

Adverse reactions:  Abdominal discomfort associated with flatulence and intestinal cramps.  Nausea,  vomiting,  diarrhea on prolonged use.

Classification: Laxatives

Route:  NGT

Mechanism of Action:  Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase thus preventing replication in susceptible bacteria

. >Assess condition before therapy and reassess regularly thereafter to monitor drugs effectiveness >Monitor pt for any adverse GI reactions, nausea,vomiting,diarrhea, >Assess for adverse reactions >for pt. with hepatic encelopathy: regularly assess mental condition >monitor I & O >monitor for Inc. glucose level in diabetic pts

Generic/ Brand name & Classification

Dose, strength & Formulation

Indication/Mechanism of Drug Action

Adverse/Side effects

Nursing Responsibilities

Generic: Acetylcysteine

Ordered:  200mg Timing:  TID

Indications: Treatment of respiratory affections characterized by thick and viscous hypersecretions: acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis and its exacerbations; pulmonary emphysema, mucoviscidosis and bronchiectasis. Mechanism of Action: Exerts mucolytic action through its free sulfhydryl group which opens up the disulfide bonds in the mucoproteins thus lowering mucous viscosity. The exact mechanism of action in acetaminophen toxicity is unknown. It is thought to act by providing substrate for conjugation with the toxic metabolite.

Adverse reactions: 

Classification: Mucolytics Route:  NGT

     

.  Monitor effectiveness of therapy and Hypersensitivity advent of reactions have been adverse/allergic reported in patients effects. receiving acetylcysteine including bronchospasm, angioedema, rashes and pruritus, may occur. nausea and vomiting, fever, syncope, sweating, arthralgia, disturbances of liver function.

GENERIC NAME Salbutamol BRAND NAME Ventolin vilmax

INDICATION Reversible airway obstruction including bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis

ACTION Facilitates/ potentiates the inhibitory activity of GABA at the limbic system and reticular formation to reduce anxiety, promote calmness and sleep

CONTRAINDICAT ION Hypersensitivity

PRECAUTION/ ADVERSE REACTION PRECAUTION: Hyperthyroidism,D M, cardiovascular disease ADVERSE RXN Fine tremor of skeletal muscle, feeling of tension, a compensory small increase in heart rate, headache, muscle cramps

NURSING CONSIDERATION > drug may be decrese sensitivity of spirometry used for diagnosis of asthma >syrup may be taken as young as age 2 >monitor for evidence of allergic rxn

Generic/ Brand name & Classification

Dose, strength & Formulation

Indication/Mechanism of Drug Action

Adverse/Side effects


Nursing Responsibilities
. Monitor for and report loose stools or diarrhea, since pseudomembranous colitis (see Appendix F) must be ruled out.  Monitor PT and INR closely with concurrent warfarin use. Patient & Family Education  Direct sunlight (UV) exposure should be minimized during therapy with drug.  Take aluminum or magnesium antacids 2 h before or after drug.  Report onset of loose stools or diarrhea.  Do not breast feed while taking this drug without consulting physician.

Generic: Azithromycin Classification: antiinfective

Ordered:  500mg Timing:  OD Route:  NGT

Indications: Zithromax is effective against a wide variety of micro organisms. It is most commonly used for treating respiratory illnesses (pneumonia, throat infections). It is also used in skin and soft tissue infections, Chlamydia and against organisms that often attack HIV positive patients. Mechanism of Action: bacteriostatic action it prevents the bacteria from growing by binding to components inside the bacterial cell that manufacture proteins. This prevents the normal functioning of the bacteria.

Adverse reactions:  Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in patients receiving acetylcysteine including bronchospasm, angioedema, rashes and pruritus, may occur.  nausea and vomiting,  fever,  syncope,  sweating,  arthralgia,  disturbances of liver function.

Generic/ Brand name & Classification

Dose, strength & Formulation

Indication/Mechanism of Drug Action

Adverse/Side effects

Nursing Responsibilities

Generic:

Ordered:  30mg Timing:  BID Route:  NGT

Indications: Gliclazide is used in the treatment of type II (non-insulin dependent) diabetes that cannot be controlled with diet and exercise. Mechanism of Action:

Adverse reactions:
    

Gliclazide
Classification: Anti Diabetic

Gliclazide is a blood glucoselowering agent. Non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) is due to a decreased sensitivity of the cells to insulin, but the pancreas still has the ability to produce insulin. Gliclazide stimulates the islet cells of the pancreas to secrete insulin, and also increases their sensitivity to their normal stimulus, glucose. These effects restore the insulin secretion that has become diminished in NIDDM patients. Gliclazide also has effects outside the pancreas, where it improves insulin-stimulated usage of glucose. This, combined with its continuing ability to stimulate insulin secretion, allow Gliclazide to have long-term blood glucose-lowering ability.

weight gain constipation epigastric discomfort/heartburn skin itching

Assess blood glucose regularly Check the blood glucose level before eating Assess for the patience compliance in the medication Watch out for Hypoglycemia attack

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