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Adverse/Side effects
y
Nursing Responsibilities .Do not exceed the recommended dosage. Consult physician if needed for children < 3 yr; if needed for longer than 10 d; if continued fever, severe or recurrent pain occurs (possible serious illness). Avoid using multiple preparations containing acetaminophen. Carefully check all OTC products. Give drug with food if GI upset is noted. Discontinue drug if hypersensitivity reactions occur. Treatment of
Generic:
acetaminophen
Brand: Paracetamol
Classification:
Indications: Analgesicantipyretic in patients with aspirin allergy, hemostatic disturbances, bleeding diatheses, upper GI disease, gouty arthritis Arthritis and rheumatic disorders involving musculoskeletal pain (but lacks clinically significant antirheumatic and antiinflammatory effects) Common cold, flu, other viral and bacterial infections with pain and fever Mechanism of Action: Antipyretic: reduces fever by acting directly on the hypothalamic heat-regulating center to cause vasodilation and sweating, which helps dissipate heat Analgesic: site and mechanism of action unclear.
y y
Adverse reactions: y CNS: Headache y CV: Chest pain, dyspnea, myocardial damage when doses of 58 g/d are ingested daily for several weeks or when doses of 4 g/d are ingested for 1 year y GI: Hepatic toxicity and failure, jaundice y GU: Acute kidney failure, renal tubular necrosis
overdose: Monitor serum levels regularly, Nacetylcysteine should be available as a specific antidote; basic life support measures may be necessary.
Adverse/Side effects .
Nursing Responsibilities
Generic: Omeprazole
Classification:
y y
Indications: Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcer First-line therapy in treatment of heartburn or symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Short-term treatment of active benign gastric ulcer
Adverse reactions:
y
Mechanism of Action:
CNS: Headache, dizziness, asthenia, vertigo, insomnia, apathy, anxiety, paresthesias, dream abnormalities Dermatologic: Rash, inflammation, urticaria, pruritus, alopecia, dry skin GI: Diarrhea,
Administer before meals. Caution patient to swallow capsules whole not to open, chew, or crush. Arrange for further evaluation of patient after 8 wk of therapy for gastroreflux disorders; not
inhibitor
Gastric acid-pump inhibitor: suppresses gastric acid secretion by specific inhibition of the hydrogen/potassium ATPase enzyme system at the secretory surface of the gastric parietal cells; blocks the final step of acid production.
intended for maintenance therapy. Symptomatic improvement does not rule out gastric cancer, which did occur in preclinical studies. Administer antacids with omeprazole, if needed.
Adverse/Side effects
Nursing Responsibilities
Indications: Adverse reactions: Minor sore throat; halitosis, general oral hygiene, Allergic Improves appearance of contact mouth tissue, protects dermatitis, toothe surfaces afaints taste formation of decay acids. alterations, Mechanism of Action: transient Protection against oral anesth, bacterial and fungal mouth or infection to give fast relief tongue from sore throat and mouth irritation. ulcers. First, bactidol quicly reduces bacteria in the affected areas to help relieve and prevent soreness, then hexetidine contains adheres to affected areas for extended period of time, giving long lasting protection.
. Instruct patient not to swallow the medication. Caution the patient that the solution may be too harsh to taste. Assess for any lesions in the mouth of the patient.
Adverse/Side effects
Nursing Responsibilities
Generic: Lactulose
Adverse reactions: Abdominal discomfort associated with flatulence and intestinal cramps. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea on prolonged use.
Classification: Laxatives
Route: NGT
Mechanism of Action: Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase thus preventing replication in susceptible bacteria
. >Assess condition before therapy and reassess regularly thereafter to monitor drugs effectiveness >Monitor pt for any adverse GI reactions, nausea,vomiting,diarrhea, >Assess for adverse reactions >for pt. with hepatic encelopathy: regularly assess mental condition >monitor I & O >monitor for Inc. glucose level in diabetic pts
Adverse/Side effects
Nursing Responsibilities
Generic: Acetylcysteine
Indications: Treatment of respiratory affections characterized by thick and viscous hypersecretions: acute bronchitis, chronic bronchitis and its exacerbations; pulmonary emphysema, mucoviscidosis and bronchiectasis. Mechanism of Action: Exerts mucolytic action through its free sulfhydryl group which opens up the disulfide bonds in the mucoproteins thus lowering mucous viscosity. The exact mechanism of action in acetaminophen toxicity is unknown. It is thought to act by providing substrate for conjugation with the toxic metabolite.
Adverse reactions:
. Monitor effectiveness of therapy and Hypersensitivity advent of reactions have been adverse/allergic reported in patients effects. receiving acetylcysteine including bronchospasm, angioedema, rashes and pruritus, may occur. nausea and vomiting, fever, syncope, sweating, arthralgia, disturbances of liver function.
ACTION Facilitates/ potentiates the inhibitory activity of GABA at the limbic system and reticular formation to reduce anxiety, promote calmness and sleep
PRECAUTION/ ADVERSE REACTION PRECAUTION: Hyperthyroidism,D M, cardiovascular disease ADVERSE RXN Fine tremor of skeletal muscle, feeling of tension, a compensory small increase in heart rate, headache, muscle cramps
NURSING CONSIDERATION > drug may be decrese sensitivity of spirometry used for diagnosis of asthma >syrup may be taken as young as age 2 >monitor for evidence of allergic rxn
Adverse/Side effects
Nursing Responsibilities
. Monitor for and report loose stools or diarrhea, since pseudomembranous colitis (see Appendix F) must be ruled out. Monitor PT and INR closely with concurrent warfarin use. Patient & Family Education Direct sunlight (UV) exposure should be minimized during therapy with drug. Take aluminum or magnesium antacids 2 h before or after drug. Report onset of loose stools or diarrhea. Do not breast feed while taking this drug without consulting physician.
Indications: Zithromax is effective against a wide variety of micro organisms. It is most commonly used for treating respiratory illnesses (pneumonia, throat infections). It is also used in skin and soft tissue infections, Chlamydia and against organisms that often attack HIV positive patients. Mechanism of Action: bacteriostatic action it prevents the bacteria from growing by binding to components inside the bacterial cell that manufacture proteins. This prevents the normal functioning of the bacteria.
Adverse reactions: Hypersensitivity reactions have been reported in patients receiving acetylcysteine including bronchospasm, angioedema, rashes and pruritus, may occur. nausea and vomiting, fever, syncope, sweating, arthralgia, disturbances of liver function.
Adverse/Side effects
Nursing Responsibilities
Generic:
Indications: Gliclazide is used in the treatment of type II (non-insulin dependent) diabetes that cannot be controlled with diet and exercise. Mechanism of Action:
Adverse reactions:
Gliclazide
Classification: Anti Diabetic
Gliclazide is a blood glucoselowering agent. Non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM) is due to a decreased sensitivity of the cells to insulin, but the pancreas still has the ability to produce insulin. Gliclazide stimulates the islet cells of the pancreas to secrete insulin, and also increases their sensitivity to their normal stimulus, glucose. These effects restore the insulin secretion that has become diminished in NIDDM patients. Gliclazide also has effects outside the pancreas, where it improves insulin-stimulated usage of glucose. This, combined with its continuing ability to stimulate insulin secretion, allow Gliclazide to have long-term blood glucose-lowering ability.
Assess blood glucose regularly Check the blood glucose level before eating Assess for the patience compliance in the medication Watch out for Hypoglycemia attack