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BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI

STRUCTURE & PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS (ES C242) Comprehensive Examination (C.B.) (II Semester 2009-10) Max Time: 150 min Date: 03-05-2010 Weightage 33.33 % Max Marks: 100 ============================================================== c 1: Metal G has an HCP crystal structure with a = 1.623, density of 8.9 g/cm3 and atomic weight of 58.9 g/mol. Determine: a) Volume of the unit cell in m3 . [5] b) Values of c and a, in nm. [10] 2: (a) Convert [101], [3 directions into 4-index Miller-Bravais scheme for hexagonal unit cells. [4] (b) Sketch 13] within a cubic unit cell, the directions [2 [3 and [31 Use three dierent gures for each direction, and 12], 31] 2]. specify the origin clearly. [6] 3: (a) Write down the point coordinates for tetrahedral and octahedral interstitial sites in a FCC unit cell? [6] (b) Calculate the radius of largest atom which can occupy the octahedral void of FCC unit cell where the radius of the atoms of the unit cell is R. [4] (c) Evaluate the radius of atom that just ts into interstitial site of BCC unit cell? [5] 4: When iron is subjected to an atmosphere of nitrogen gas, the concentration of nitrogen in the iron, CN (in wt %), is a function of hydrogen pressure, pN2 (in MPa), and absolute temperature (T) according to

II-A

37.6 kJ/mol CN = 4.90 103 pN2 exp RT Furthermore, the values of D0 and Qd for this diusion system are 3.0 107 m2 /s and 76,150 J/mol, respectively. Consider a thin iron membrane 1.5 mm thick that is at 300 0 C. Compute the diusion ux through this membrane if the nitrogen pressure on one side of the membrane is 0.10 MPa and on the other side 6.0 MPa. (R = 8.314 J/mol) [10]

II-B
1: For 3 kg copper-silver alloy of composition 20 wt% Cu-80 wt% Ag and at temperature just below eutectic isotherm, determine the following: (a) The primary (proeutetctic) phase. [1] (b) The mass (in kg) of and phases. [2] (c) The mass of primary phase and eutectic composition. [2] (d) The volume fraction of primary phase, eutectic and eutectic phase. [1+1+2+2+2] The densities of copper and silver at eutectic temperature are 8.90 g/cm3 and 10.43 g/cm3 , respectively.

2: A 1.5 kg of specimen of 98 wt% Cu-2 wt% Ag alloy is heated to 1000 0 C. The alloy is to be melted to the extent that 1.05 kg of the specimen is liquid and remainder being -phase. This may be accomplished by changing its composition while holding the temperature constant. How much silver must be added to the 1.5 kg specimen at 1000 0 C to achieve this state? [6] 3: A car of mass 25 gram is supposed to move a distance of at least 3 m with an acceleration of 100 mm/s2 . The required energy for this purpose is to be recovered by deforming an alloy upto its yield point. The modulus of elasticity and yield strength of the alloy are 180 GPa and 830 MPa, respectively. Assuming that the entire energy recovered in this way is used in moving the car, how much the minimum volume of the alloy is needed? [6] 4: What are the Miller indices of the slip direction (i) on the (111) plane in an FCC unit cell and (ii) on the (011) plane in a BCC unit cell? (ANSWER BOTH (i) and (ii) SIMULTANEOUSLY) [5] 5: Using the continuous cooling transformation diagram for an alloy steel (type 4340) shown in gure 2, (a) Determine the nal microstructure {in terms of (i) phases and (ii) micro constituents present} of a specimen that is rst transformed to Austenite and then cooled to room temperature at a rate of 0.05 0 C/s. (ANSWER BOTH (i) and (ii) SIMULTANEOUSLY) [7] (b) What is the minimum cooling rate required to form the complete Martensite? [1]

6: The F e F e3 C eutectoid reaction [(0.76 wt% C) (0.022 wt% C) + F e3 C(6.70 wt% C)] is fundamental to the development of microstructure in steel alloys. Using the isothermal transformation diagram for a 1.13 wt% C steel alloy, as shown in gure 3, (a) Determine the nal microstructure {in terms of (i) phases and (ii) micro constituents present} of a small specimen that has been rapidly cooled from 900 0 C to 650 0 C, held at this temperature for three seconds, then rapidly cooled to 400 0 C and held for 30 seconds and then quenched to room temperature. (ANSWER BOTH (i) and (ii) SIMULTANEOUSLY) [7] (b) Austenite at 900 0 C is rapidly cooled to 300 0 C, how long it should be maintained at 300 0 C to transform it to 50% Bainite? [2] (c) How Martensite is converted into Tempered Martensite? What are the phases present in Tempered Martensite? [3]

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BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI

STRUCTURE & PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS (ES C242) Comprehensive Examination (C.B.) (II Semester 2009-10) Max Time: 30 min Date: 03-05-2010 Weightage 6.67 % Max Marks: 20 ============================================================== Important 1. Write the correct and precise answer in the box given after each question. 2. Each question contains 4 marks. 3. No negative marking is for wrong answer. 4. This part you have to complete in 30 minutes and after submission only you can collect the part II. ==============================================================

IA

NAME

ID

SECTION

INSTRUCTOR

MARKS

1: The diraction pattern of a sample of BCC metal was recorded using X-rays of wavelength 0.1541 nm. First diraction peak was found to be at 2 = 44.7040 . Assuming the rst order diraction, what should be the value of the lattice parameter, a, (in nm) of the sample? ANSWER

2: The radius of an atom in a BCC crystal is 0.124 nm. If unit cells of this crystal are lined up side by side, how many unit cells will be in 1 cm of length? ANSWER

3: If there are 25 grains per square inch on a photomicrograph of a metal at 75, what is the ASTM grain size number of the metal? ANSWER

4: Find out the linear density of Ca2+ ions (in number per nm) along the [110] direction of CaO. (Ionic radii of Ca2+ and O2 are 0.106 nm and 0.142 nm, respectively.) ANSWER

5: For a 79.65 wt% Fe-0.35 wt% C alloy at a temperature just below the eutectoid temperature, determine the fraction of (i) total ferrite and (ii) the eutectoid phase. The eutectoid reaction is [(0.76 wt% C) (0.022 wt% C) + Fe3 C(6.70 wt% C)] ANSWER

(i)

(ii)

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BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE, PILANI

STRUCTURE & PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS (ES C242) Comprehensive Examination (C.B.) (II Semester 2009-10) Max Time: 30 min Date: 03-05-2010 Weightage 6.67 % Max Marks: 20 ============================================================== Important 1. Write the correct and precise answer in the box given after each question. 2. Each question contains 4 marks. 3. No negative marking is for wrong answer. 4. This part you have to complete in 30 minutes and after submission only you can collect the part II. ==============================================================

IB

NAME

ID

SECTION

INSTRUCTOR

MARKS

1: The diraction pattern of a sample of BCC metal was recorded using X-rays of wavelength 0.1762 nm. First diraction peak was found to be at 2 = 300 . Assuming the rst order diraction, what should be the value of the lattice parameter, a, (in nm) of the sample? ANSWER

2: The radius of an atom in a BCC crystal is 0.287 nm. If unit cells of this crystal are lined up side by side, how many unit cells will be in 1 inch of length? ANSWER

3: If there are 55 grains per square inch on a photomicrograph of a metal at 80, what is the ASTM grain size number of the metal? ANSWER

4: Find out the linear density of Na+ and ions (in number per nm) along the [110] direction of NaCl. (Ionic radii of Na+ and Cl are 0.102 nm and 0.181 nm, respectively.) ANSWER

5: For a 79.65 wt% Fe-0.35 wt% C alloy at a temperature just below the eutectoid temperature, determine the fraction of (i) proeutectoid ferrite and (ii) the eutectoid phase. The eutectoid reaction is [(0.76 wt% C) (0.022 wt% C) + Fe3 C(6.70 wt% C)] ANSWER

(i)

(ii)