Joseph Casco Marianne Kim Corona U.S. History, Period 4 24 October 2011 C.S. #11.1/11.

3 Primary Sources: Documents:

Kevin Ngo

National History Day Sources ESLR: O

"Alexander Graham Bell Family Papers at the Library of Congress, 1862-1939" Library of Congress Home. 05 Nov. 2010. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/connections/alexander-gra ham-bell/file.html>. Alexander Graham Bell wrote a series of journal entries during his studies for his invention. This website helped to further understand the mind of Bell while he created the telephone with short translations of the text. "American Apparatus Purchased." The Ranch [Seattle] 01 Sept. 1909. Library of Congress. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn98047754/1909-09-01/ed-1/seq15>. The article in the newspaper describes a great achievement in the development of the telephone. China had adopted the American telephone. This invention was taking its step to be an international product. "American Telephone and Telegraph Company." The Democrat-Sentinel [Logan]. Library of Congress. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038120/190902-25/ed-1/seq-3/>. This is another article holding information on the number of telephones used in America. It tells the reader of how people are making more phone calls daily and that newer independent services have been also developing alongside the telephone. This shows that the telephone was still a big part of people's lives. Bell, Alexander Graham. "Making a Talking Machine." Making a Talking Machine (1861): 1-11. The Library of Congress. The Library of Congress. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. <http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage>. Bell kept a journal in his production of the first telephone. He obtained help from his older brother and influences on the design from others. This manuscript tells all of Bell's ideas and thoughts, and the different parts of the phone. He and his brother would each build separate parts, in which coincided to form the first original telephone design. Bell, Alexander Graham. March 10th, 1876. 1876. MS 40. The Library of Congress. The Library of Congress, 08 Nov. 2010. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/bellhtml/bell1.html>. When Alexander Graham Bell first tested his telephone invention, he created some notes in notebook on how the procedure went. It is basically a rough sketch of his idea and how to use it. His assistant, a Mr. Watson, helped test it out in separate rooms, as the first message was "Mr. Watson - come here - I want to see you." Even though the sound was sometimes undecipherable, it would lead to further use of communication.

Bell, Alexander Graham. "Record Application." Letter to George Brown. The Library of Congress. American Memory, 29 Sept. 2000. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. <http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/ampage?collId=magbell&fileName=272/27200102/bellpa ge.db&recNum=0>. This letter addressed to George Brown is a patent for Bell's telephone idea. After gaining the approval, it would mark the beginnings of new communication. This patent letter goes in depth upon the wiring of the telephone and its overall use. Once approved, Bell would formally introduce his invention for the public, in which people do not really know how to react towards. Bell, Alexander Graham. "The Multiple Telegraph." The Multiple Telegraph (1875-76): 1-23. The Library of Congress. American Memory, 29 Sept. 2000. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. <http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage>. The telegraph was one of the first forms of communication via machine. Bell decided to further improve communication over distances by coming up with his own idea. This pamphlet explains his life and thinking process throughout the creation of the telephone, dating to as far back as 1867. It involves his knowledge on vibrations which contributes to the wiring, as pictures show his thoughts in the end. Bell, Alexander G. "Thoughts Nov. 25th 1878." (1878). Library of Congress. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. <http://memory.loc.gov/mss/magbell/274/27400101/0002.jpg>. The journal entry is written by Alexander Graham Bell himself. It holds a sketch of a hydro-electrometer and its measurements. On the side, Bell jot down notes on how it works. This information can be used to see how Bell created his invention. Bell, Alexander G. (1876): 40. Library of Congress. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. <http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/bellhtml/bell1.html>. This entry from Alexander Graham Bell's journal describes the very moment that he spoke into the telephone on March 10, 1876. He sketched a drawing of the device and quickly jots down how it operated. This information can be used to determine how he felt on that historic day as well as everyone else. "Bell, Inventor of Telephone, Dies Suddenly." New York Tribune [New York City] 3 Aug. 1922: 3. Library of Congress. Web. 1 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1922-08-03/ed-1/seq-3/>. The newspaper article was published the day of Alexander Graham Bell's death. It described the highlights of Bell's research and idolized his work. This is great information for our research because it tells us Bell's most important accomplishments during his work. Bell, Alexander G. "Present Form of Multiple Telegraph." World Treasures. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. <http://www.nla.gov.au/worldtreasures/pictures/bell/big_bell_sketch_usa.gif>. This document is handwritten by Alexander Graham Bell and describes the telegraph system. Like all of Bell's entries, there is a drawing. It shows circuits attached to one main battery. Then, off to the side, Bell explains the process. There are also pictures below showing the operation of his own invention. "British Like to Telegraph." Arizona Republican [Pheonix] 18 June 2911. Library of Congress. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020558/1911-06-18/ed1/seq-19/>. In this newspaper article, we learn that telephones had spread to Britain but we used them ten times more than they do. However, that is because they preferred their excellent

telegraph system. We can use this information to compare America's telephone development with the rest of the world. "Cumberland Issues New Directory." The Bourbon News [Paris, Ky] 09 July 1912. Library of Congress. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86069873/191207-09/ed-1/seq-5/>. We learn from this article that telephones were spreading to rural areas of America as much as urban. Many farmers began registering a telephone because they cannot go out and communicate with others due to their large farms and busy schedules. This lets us know exactly what type of people used the telephone. "Dr. Bell, Man Who Made Wires "Talk," Halted by Death in Plan to Perfect Vision by Phone." Evening Public Ledger [Philadelphia] 08 Aug. 1922: 21. Library of Congress. Web. 1 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045211/1922-08-08/ed1/seq-21/>. This newspaper article was written later in the year that Alexander Graham Bell had passed away. It described how far the telephone had taken the U.S. and about the future ahead for further development of the "talking machine." The article will help us understand how Bell had transformed the way people communicated. "Easy to Ascertain Depths." Hopkinsville Kentuckian 1 June 1915: 7. Library of Congress. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86069395/1915-06-01/ed-1/seq7/>. This newspaper article tells us readers a short anecdote of Alexander Graham Bell when he was young. It describes that a small idea can take someone a long way. "Eight Million Phones." New-York Tribute 06 Jan. 1908. Library of Congress. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1908-01-06/ed-1/seq-4/>. In this newspaper article, the author discusses his theories for what the telephone will become in the future. His insights say that the development of such an invention can bring endless possibilities and can become an enormous part of everyday lives. This helps our research by allowing us to understand what people took away from the telephone and how it affected them. "First Transcontinental Telephone Call." AT&T. AT&T Intellectual Property. Web. 12 Dec. 2011. <http://www.corp.att.com/attlabs/reputation/timeline/15tel.html>. The AT&T website provides useful information pertaining to various events involving the telephone. Even though the site is mainly containing secondary information, it has many primary photographs. Most of the photographs used on our website came from this site. "Great Development of the Telephone." The Salt Lake Tribute 10 Feb. 1909. Library of Congress. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045396/190902-10/ed-1/seq-12/>. This newspaper article does not hold much information, but it informs us on the vast development of the telephone and how people are responding to such a rapid growth. More and more telephones are purchased each year, with more frequent calls than ever. "Home| History| AT&T." AT&T. Web. 16 Dec. 2012. <http://www.corp.att.com/history/>. This website provided many pictures that related to our topic. By navigating throughout the website, the pictures pertain to many different aspects on the telephone. Starting from some of the very first ads to the inauguration of the first transcontinental call and even to modern day phones.

"Independent Telephones." Hopkinsville Kentuckian 30 Sept. 1905. Library of Congress. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86069395/1905-09-30/ed-1/seq5/>. This article discusses the different telephone companies that began to emerge. Some were specifically for long distance and others were known for their great rates. The fact that independent companies came out of the development of the telephone, shows us how it brought about new job opportunities. Jones, Richard L. "The Great American Bell." Graham Guardian [Safford] 22 Aug. 1922: 2. Library of Congress. Web. 1 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn95060914/1922-08-22/ed-1/seq-2/>. In this article, the author explained the very beginning of Alexander Graham Bell's research. He described how Bell's invention revolutionized the way humans interacted and Americans themselves. This information is key to our research fore it tells us of the changes brought into American homes and their reactions. Letter from Alexander Graham Bell to Alexander Melville Bell. Library of Congress. Web. 18 Oct. 2011. <http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/ampage?collId=magbell&fileName=196/19600301/bellpage.db&RecNum=0>. Various letters were sent here and then from Alexander Graham Bell to his many family members. As we see in this letter, Bell talks to his one of his greatest inspirations, his father. Bell informs his dad about the "reasonable pitches" that were of big impact to the sound waves which were created by the mouth. This was of great importance to his telephone invention. Letter from Alexander Graham Bell to Mabel Hubbard Bell. Library of Congress. Web. 18 Oct. 2011. <http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/ampage?collId=magbell&fileName=035/03500116/bellpage.db&RecNum=0>. This letter from Alexander Graham Bell to his wife shows his conflicts with his work and his family. Even though he was so into his invention and in this case, an important event involving his telephone invention, he still showed the dedication and time to write letters to his wife to let her know she is what keeps him going. "No Longer a Toy." Goodwin's Weekly [Salt Lake City] 27 Sept. 1913: 5. Print. This newspaper article tells how the telephone has changed peoples lives. It describes that the telephone has developed into a great that a line of operators is now available for private exchanges. We can use this information to understand the job opportunities given by the telephone. Stroud, Harold D. "The Far-Reaching Telephone." The Day Book [Chicago] 23 Sept. 1913. Library of Congress. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045487/1913-09-23/ed-1/seq-28/>. This newspaper article helps us with understanding how the telephone was revolutionary. By 1908, the telephone had become so popular that the number of phones used at that time was over eight million. It was not just a product for the well- off and wealthy, but more of a necessity. "Telephone Development." Hopkinsville Kentuckian 28 Sept. 1905. Library of Congress. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86069395/1905-09-28/ed-1/seq3/>.

In this newspaper article, we can see that the telephone has gone a long way since the first invention by Alexander Graham Bell. There are now different telephone companies and the population of telephones has increased immensely. The Boston Advertiser: The Telephone Settlement. Library of Congress. Web. 18 Oct. 2011. <http://memory.loc.gov/mss/magbell/285/28500129/0001i.jpg>. In this newspaper article, we see how other citizens got to view the opinions and facts about Alexander Graham Bell's invention and now his company. The writer of this article discusses the predicament that this company was facing. There were also talks about how this company was just recently made and what problems they were faced with. The Electric Telephone Company. Advertisement. Telephone Teca. Web. 1 Oct. 2011. <http://www.telephoneteca.com/images/Bell_8.jpg>. This was one of the very first advertisements produced after Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone. From this ad, we can see that this invention had created so much attention, that it began attracting imitators and phonies. The reaction taken from this ad would greatly help us in our research. "The Telephone: The Forerunner of Civilization." Daily Arizona Silver Belt [Gila County] 30 Mar. 1910. Library of Congress. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87082863/1910-03-30/ed-1/seq-2/>. This article tells of Senator Clarke of Wyoming, he believes that the telephone is the forerunner in America, leading people to vast possibilities that telegraph and railroads could not. The newspaper article helps in the research by allowing us to see just what people thought of the development of the telephone. "The People Know." Goodwin's Weekly [Salt Lake City] 04 Nov. 1905. Library of Congress. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/2010218519/1905-11-04/ed1/seq-1/>. This is an advertisement for a telephone company in the newspaper. It is valuable to our research because it states that the number of telephone users have increased by 9200 subscribers. It then goes on to describe that there are more registered telephone users than the number of cities in America. This bit of information lets us know how quickly Alexander Graham Bell's invention spread. "The Telephone." Graham Guardian [Safford] 01 Apr. 1910. Library of Congress. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn95060914/1910-04-01/ed-1/seq-3/>. It explains that the telephone helped shape America and proved that this was the country that took nothing and revolutionized it. The author goes on to say that the invention of the telephone was a great addiction to our many more to come. This is valuable information to our research because it is an insiders voice. "Voice From Earth Guided US Flyers Many Miles Away." The Evening World [New York City] 15 Nov. 1918. Library of Congress. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030193/1918-11-15/ed-1/seq-3/>. This newspaper article tells of a story of how a radio telephone was used to safely guide US pilots. The successful transmission is celebrated and this day is only the beginning of a revolution in the process of radio telephone. "Washington Needs a School for Deaf and Dumb, Asserts Volta Bureau Head." Washington Times 14 Apr. 1914: 5. Library of Congress. Web. 2 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026749/1914-04-14/ed-1/seq-5/>.

The article tells of Alexander Graham Bell's work with the deaf. Since his wife was also deaf, he wanted to help those who were deaf, to speak. This can help the research on Bell and his revolutionary invention with background information. "Would Permit Phone Charger By Amendment." Mountain Advocate [Barbourville] 05 Oct. 19171. Library of Congress. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87060032/1917-10-05/ed-1/seq-4/>. In this newspaper article, we can see some problems people faced with the telephone companies. They were unhappy and bothered by the fact that different companies did not connect with each other, making it difficult to contact others. The article then goes on to say that an Amendment will be passed to make one telephone line and fix this problem. Photographs: Alexander Graham Bell: Telegraphy. Photograph. National Archives and Records Administration. Web. 24 Oct. 2011. <http://www.archives.gov/global-pages/largerimage.html?i=/education/lessons/telephone-light-patents/images/telephone-patentdrawing-l.jpg>. The initial invention of the telephone was only the beginning part of Bell's ideas. The second part that was the key part of this genius invention, as shown in this picture, displays his idea of telephone wires and how they would provide much help into making longer-distant calls which would benefit many people. Alexander Graham Bell's First Long Distance Phone Call. 1876. Photograph. National Geographic. National Geographic. Web. 1 Oct. 2011. <http://www.nationalgeographicstock.com/ngsimages/explore/explore.jsf>. In the photograph, Alexander Graham Bell is seated in the center, with a crowd of men behind him. Here, Bell is conducting the first long distance phone call ever made. We can infer from the picture that this was a hugely historic event for everyone, and they did not want to miss out on the famous first words spoken from the machine. Alexander Graham Bell: Sketchbook. Photograph. Library of Congress. Web. 18 Oct. 2011. <http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/british/images/150vc.jpg>. Again, we look through the many images/sketches that Bell kept in his sketchbook. This, we believe, might be one of the more important drawings hence the conversation he notes down with his fellow helper, Watson. He writes down what he, himself tells Watson while Watson marks down what he actually hears at the other end of the line. The information from this picture proves the accuracy of this telephone. Brochures. Photograph. Library of Congress. Web. 18 Oct. 2011. <http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/ampage?collId=magbell&fileName=196/19600202/bellpage.db&RecNum=0>. As we found out later in our research, we discovered that Alexander Graham Bell helped out a school for the deaf. Because of their sense of hearing was gone and therefore was not benefiting from his telephone invention, Bell decided to create a somewhat code, just like signing in our present day, to help correct this thus inviting many deaf children to learn this system of "codes" through this brochure. Chart. Photograph. Library of Congress. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/ampage?collId=magbell&fileName=196/19600204/bellpage.db&RecNum=0>. Earlier, we discovered how the school of the deaf did not benefit from this telephone invention. Well, according to this picture, Alexander Graham Bell created a chart to keep

track and display the different variations that were required for the deaf to be able to communicate without really using the sense of hearing. First Phone Call. Photograph. Blogspot. Web. 18 Oct. 2011. <http://4.bp.blogspot.com/AB9Udwupgm0/TX1aUpVCbRI/AAAAAAAAAec/Or2XoSnnUL s/s1600/Alexander-Graham-Bells-journal-page-noting-first-phonecall.jpg>. This illustration shows another part of Bell's process during the building of the telephone. The notes are written among this sketch to clarify his steps that he took into creating this invention. Alexander Graham Bell describes yet another demonstration with his partner, Mr. Watson, and how they actually put the "instrument" into action by calling each other in different rooms of the same building. "Inventions: Communication Cross-Section of an Early Bell Telephone" History.com History Made Every Day American & World History. Web. 24 Oct. 2011. <http://www.history.com/photos/inventions-communication/photo4>. This is a various collection of actual pictures during the process of Alexander Graham Bell's telephone invention. In photo 4, it shows the 1st telephone that was made. In the following photo, it displays Alexander with some of his colleagues experience what was named the 1st long-distance call ever made. This happened in the year of 1892. Photograph of the Pemberton Avenue School for the Deaf, Boston. Photograph. Garden of Paradise. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://gardenofpraise.com/images2/agbell9.jpg>. The school of the deaf was greatly helped by Alexander Graham Bell as he developed a system of communication for them. Included in this picture are the names of a few teachers and founders to show that Bell was not alone in this somewhat revolution of communication for the deaf. This picture also provides a visual of the size of this school and shows how many kids depended on Bell's system of communication for the deaf. Telephone Diagram. Photograph. Web. 18 Oct. 2011. <http://aam.govst.edu/projects/jshileny/images/loc_images/communication%2 0pictures/telephonediagram_lg.gif>. Many of Alexander Graham Bell's sketches were kept in his very own "sketchbook." Well, in this picture, we see the many drawings which eventually lead to his successful invention. This picture shows the process which he pictured would happen during a telephone call. It also talks about the sound waves that are not visible to the human eye. The First Telephone Call. 1892. Photograph. Library of Congress, New York City. America's Library. America's Library. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/recon/jb_recon_telephone_1_e.html>. This picture shows the first wired call by Bell from New York to Chicago. The people that are surrounding him are curious into his invention. As this photo helped us see that even though people were skeptical, they were intrigued to see if a revolution in telecommunications was actually going to happen.

Secondary Sources: Books:

Conley-Weaver, Robyn. The Importance of Alexander Graham Bell. San Diego, CA: Lucent, 2000. Print. This book outlines Alexander Graham Bells life, from childhood to after his invention. It helps touch basis on all three parts of the theme. Bell dealt with communications as a child, and wanted to expand upon that into improving the telecommunications. With the help of an investor, Thomas Sanders, they felt that something great was going to be produced. They sought fame and fortune, as Bell was reluctant at first for his revelation, but soon gained insurance. Bells Telephone Company was created to accommodate the growing demands, as they both gained the fortunes they sought, including Watson as Bells assistant. Eber, Dorothy. Genius at Work: Images of Alexander Graham Bell. New York: Viking, 1982. Print. This book mainly concentrates on Bell's life after his main invention of the telephone. It briefly describes how Bell had a death mother, which attracted him towards the studies of communications. We were able to use this source as a means to understand part of why he wanted to improve communications, contributing to the reaction part. Grosvenor, Edwin S., and Morgan Wesson. Alexander Graham Bell: The Life and Times of the Man Who Invented the Telephone. New York: Harry Abrams, 1997. Print. This book talks about how communication used to take days to transmit, as Bell looked for improvement. Primary pictures are also included to portray Bell's life and thoughts during the process. And even though people appeared skeptical about his invention, many other scientists bought into it immediately in trying it out. In demonstrating his telephone before professors at Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, he was then confident that the people would buy into it. This secondary source is extremely useful, as it incorporates many other sources as means of information. It details not only Bells life well, but also the years in which the telephone concept was being constructed. Mackay, James A. Alexander Graham Bell: A Life. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997. Print. James uses primary pictures and documents in order to describe the process of developing the telephone. This book differs from other sources as it gives more in depth view of his family's participation. From this, there appears to have been several other professors affecting Bell's work, either by checking his theories, translating his sketches, or even constructing the device. The battle between the Western Union in order to patent the product was also a struggle, in which one finally conceded defeat. Mackay, James. Sounds out of Silence: a Life of Alexander Graham Bell. Edinburgh [u.a.: Mainstream Publ., 1997. Print. Here, the author gives readers a deeper insight into the struggles and consequences while creating this invention. One main issue was that many people kept claiming that they had invented it, so Bell was brought into court several times. Once finally approved his, Bell gained substantial fortune, but he invested his money into further research into air crafts and other technology. The idea of the telephone did not only benefit the world, but also stemmed to other inventions as well, since Bell gained the financial capabilities of thinking further. Matthews, Tom. Always Inventing: a Photobiography of Alexander Graham Bell. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1999. Print. It talks about how Bell was influenced by past inventors, such as Thomas Edison and Elisha Gray. In trying to help create a device that would teach the death how to speak, he accidentally stumbled upon the idea of the telephone. At first, people were standoffish on

his creation, but soon after by 1917, Bell's telephone network had wired across the entire country. Shulman, Seth. The Telephone Gambit: Chasing Alexander Graham Bell's Secret. New York, NY: W. W. Norton &, 2008. Print. The author in this book uses documents from when the telephone was invented to clarify a point. It is believed that Bell might have stolen the designs of the telephone from an Elisha Grey, only to submit a patent hour earlier. Even though Shulman makes some strong points against Bell, there is no obvious position. As it can only be said that Grey helped contribute to Bell's idea. Encyclopedia Articles: Brodsky, Arthur R. "Bell, Alexander Graham Bell." World Book Online Reference Center. World Book 2011. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://0www.worldbookonline.com.read.riversideca.gov/pl/referencecenter/article?id=ar053820 &st=alexander+graham+bell>. What contributed most to Bell's telephone idea was his basis in the knowledge of music. They looked to improve on the existing telegraph, for it to produce voices and not only sounds. He would be taken to court for patenting issues, but the court held in his favor. Bell did gain fortune, 50000 francs from the French government, which contributed to his further research. Karr, Keith K. "Telephone Information." Telephoning Organization. 11 Oct. 2011. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://www.telephoning.org/telephone/encyclopedia.htm>. This source focuses mainly on the telephone. It includes the history of the telephone from its original beginnings to modern day, and a timeline with major advancements of the invention. Many facts regarding how it was first applied is included, as many people had to personally subscribe to contractors in order to gain access. There are many different facts that were not a part of our other sources, it helped us gain a better perspective on the subject matter. Pandit, Madhura. "Invention of the Telephone." Buzzle. 28 Sept. 2011. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/invention-of-the-telephone.html>. It is said that Bell did not invent the telephone, but simply upgraded past designs into working. Reis and Meucci were past scientists that created devices of sound transmitted through electricity, but had not yet refined it. And only while teaching the death, had Bell looked to improve upon their designs for better use. Phillipson, Donald J.C. "Bell, Alexander Graham." The Canadian Encyclopedia. Ed. Laura Neilson. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE>. Bell started once he noticed an ad in the newspaper by the Western Union Company paying a sum to an investor able to create a new telegraph system. What made the telephone different from past communications was that it was two lined, as others were one. This meant that time between communication was faster. Combining his knowledge on frequency, it soon killed off the Morse Code and telegraph. "Telephone :: Development of the Telephone Instrument -- Britannica Online Encyclopedia." Encyclopedia - Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Web. 23 Oct. 2011.

<http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/585993/telephone/279902/Developmentof-the-telephone-instrument>. This website gives the full history of the telephone. From the progress from the telegraph to the invention of the rotary dialing, to the digital world, the information present on this website will help us in all aspects to understand the revolution that was the telephone. Videos: Alexander Graham Bell: Voice of Invention. A&E Home Studio, 2000. Videocassette. This documentary on Alexander Graham bell gives us insight into his entire life. It mainly focuses on his telephone invention and how it came about, since it was his most notorious one. There are the thoughts and feelings of many consultants on how and why Bell did things a certain way. "Biography: Alexander Graham Bell - America Listens - Alexander Graham Bell Videos Biography.com." Bio. Famous Biographies & TV Shows - Biography.com. Web. 24 Oct. 2011. <http://www.biography.com/people/alexander-graham-bell-9205497/videos?pai dlink=1>. Alexander Graham Bell never really had an actual auto biography. However, in this video, we see some actual clips of Alexander Graham Bell and the events which happened during the process of his invention. One specific clip was his demonstration with his father. He also made many other demonstrations that were displayed in this video which involved Bell in a supermarket 5 miles away from the receiver. Websites: "Alexander Graham Bell and His Telephone." The Franklin Institute. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://fi.edu/franklin/inventor/bell.html>. This website gives a short description about Alexander Graham Bells background and how he became interested in inventing a telephone. It is helpful to our project because it informs us of his life. "Alexander Graham Bell | Inventor." Lucidcaf Interactive Caf and Information Resource. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96mar/bell.html>. The information given on this website tells of the life of Alexander Graham Bell. It helps us to fully understand what it took for him to invent such a revolutionary device. "Alexander Graham Bell: The Invention of the Telephone." Following the Path of Discovery. Julian Rubin. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://www.juliantrubin.com/bigten/telephoneexperiments.html>. The development of the telephone is described on this website. It dates all the important steps it took Alexander Graham Bell to create the first ever telephone. "Alexander Graham Bell." Alexander Graham Bell. History Channel. Web. 20 Oct. 2011. <http://www.history.com/topics/alexander-graham-bell>. Growing up, Bell was surrounded with knowledge about speech and invention. His family generation was the "leading authorities in elocution and speech correction." This is a short article on Bell's knowledge on communications, prior to his invention. There were issues with the idea, as Elisha Gray had also produced a patent when Bell's invention came forth.

"Alexander Graham Bell Biography (1847-1922)." How Products Are Made. Web. 24 Oct. 2011. <http://www.madehow.com/inventorbios/26/Alexander-Graham-Bell.html>. This is another site that gives a brief overview on Bell's life. It goes into further examination between the relationship of Bell and Watson and how they were united. And what resulted of their years spent trying to perfect their invention. "Alexander Graham Bell Patents the Telephone." History.com History Made Every Day American & World History. Web. 24 Oct. 2011. <http://www.history.com/this-day-inhistory/alexander-graham-bell-patents-the-telephone>. This article is a briefing on the Bell's first observations and his patents. Even though it may not be as thorough as some other sources, it highlights key points in the issue. The main issue was that Bell had sued the Western Union Telephone Company, in which he finally one once the case reached the Supreme Court. Bellis, Mary. "The History of the Telephone." Inventors. The New York Times Company. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventors/a/telephone.htm>. This website article does not tell us much, but informs us on the changes from the telegraph to the telephone. It was an invention that was deemed impossible but Alexander Graham Bell proved them wrong. The information on the website can be used to identify different responses to the development. Hubert, Philip Gengembre. Men of Achievement. Inventors. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1894. Print. This book gives a brief history on Bell's invention. It talks about how people did not really accept the telephone until soon after. And it includes how the telephone idea coincided with his natural studies with the blind. "Inventing the Telephone| History| AT&T." American Telephone & Telegraph. American Telephone and Telegraph. Web. 22 Oct. 2011. <http://www.corp.att.com/history/inventing.html>. Bell started out gathering ideas, by being forced into the communications world. Since his father and grandfather taught visible speech around London, Bell had to adopt those ideas, and was soon fond of it. Gardiner's belief in Bell, allowed for the start of the project, as Bell was given an investment option. The first telephone wires mainly connected home and businesses, but soon expanded from there, as Bell hoped it would unite the country. Lindsay, David. "American Experience . Technology . The Telephone . People & Events | Alexander Graham Bell | PBS." PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/telephone/peopleevents/pande01.html>. We only used bits of facts that helped pertain to our theme. A brief history on Bell's earlier career is described, as the only new bits of information is how he presented his invention. After marrying one of his students, he and his assistant traveled throughout the Northeast in order to present his idea. "Talking Wires: The Development of the Telephone." MOAH - Museum of American Heritage Home Page. Museum of American Heritage, 2000. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://www.moah.org/exhibits/archives/talkingwires.html>. This website gives information on the development of the telephone. It describes all the ways that the telephone had evolved and how the people's reactions changed with it.

From the very idea of Alexander Graham Bell, to long after his death, this website will greatly aid us in understanding the communication revolution. "Telephone Timeline." Greatest Engineering Achievements of the Twentieth Century. National Academy of Engineering. Web. 03 Oct. 2011. <http://www.greatachievements.org/?id=3625>. This website shows a timeline for most important dates in the development of the telephone. It takes us from Alexander Graham Bell's great achievement to far beyond his death. It is necessary for us students to know the steps in history it took to get this far in the technology. "Telephone History." Daily Notes. Web. 02 Oct. 2011. <http://www.privateline.com/mt_telephonehistory/>. This website gives detailed information on the development of the telephone. It starts from the use of telegraphs and journeys into the years of Alexander Graham Bell and greatly describes how it evolved. Although not all the information can be used, this website will aid in our research to see why the telephone was deemed revolutionary. "Telephone History - Invention of the Telephone." The Great Idea Finder - Celebrating the Spirit of Innovation. 11 Jan. 2006. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/telephone.htm>. Gray had perfected his design first, but had not yet been able to transmit sound yet, allowing Bell to improve his. The first lines were placed in Hartford, Connecticut, with New York and Boston being the first interstate connection, this exchange system, allowed communication between two or more people who owned telephones. Having this source, supplied us with many facts regarding how the telephone came about. "The Telephone - 1876." Clear Lines. Clear Lines, July 1996. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. <http://www.audiouk.com/vintage/telephone.htm>. We mainly used this source as it pertained to the reaction part of the theme. People at first were against his invention, as they saw it as an invasion of privacy. From the first time the telephone was tried, before Bell, to the time Bell's invention worked, people thought of it as an outcast idea. And by 1887, more than 150000 subscribers had the telephone and were connected by overland wiring.