CHN PREPARATION Francis Antonio Ll. Quijano BSN 2-C a) What are the principles of Community Organizing?

1. The social condition of the poor itself gives opportunities to conscienticize the people. 2. Tactics should be within the experience of the people and outside the experience of the target. 3. People generally act on the basis of their self-interest. 4. Man learns more effectively and more deeply from his own actual experiences. Hence the importance of reflections on his actions, his experiences. Action reflection form an integral part of the CO methodology. 5. The process of organizing moves from simple, concrete, short term and personal issues to more complex, abstract, long-term and systemic issues. 6. Man needs to deepen and widen his horizon, therefore, he must move from the particular to the universal, from the concrete to the abstract, to apply one's experience and its lesson to another situation. Hence, there is a need for theories, a need to read, and to meet other experiences learned in order to bring about the widening and deepening of each man's individual horizon. 7. Throughout the organizing process, the people must make their own decisions.
b) What is the rationale of Community Organizing? As PHN, discuss steps in community organizing.
CRITICAL STEPS (ACTIVITIES): 1. Integration 2. Social Investigation 3. Tentative program planning 4.Groundwork 5. The meeting 6. Role Play 7. Mobilization or action 8. Evaluation 9. Reflection 10. Organization

c) Discuss briefly COPAR, its steps (Bullet type or narrative)

A social development approach that aims to transform the voiceless poor into dynamic, participatory and politically responsive community. A collective, participatory, transformative, sustained and systematic process of building peoples organizations by mobilizing and enhancing the capabilities and resources of the people for the resolution of their issues and concerns towards effecting change in their existing oppressive and exploitative conditions (1994 National Rural Conference)

 A process by which a community identifies its needs and objectives, develops confidence to take action in respect to them and in doing so, extends and develops cooperative and collaborative attitudes and practices in the community (Ross 1967) A continuous and sustained process of educating the people to understand and develop their critical awareness of their existing condition, working with the people collectively and efficiently on their immediate and long-term problems, and mobilizing the people to develop their capability and readiness to respond and take action on their immediate needs towards solving their long-term problems (CO: A manual of experience, PCPD) Process: - the sequence of steps whereby members of a community come together to critically assess to evaluate community conditions and work together to improve those conditions. Structure: - refers to a particular group of community members that work together for a common health and health related goals.

Emphasis of COPAR: 1. Community working to solve its own problem 2. Direction is established internally and externally 3. Development and implementation of a specific project less important than the development of the capacity of the community to establish the project 4. Consciousness raising involves perceiving health and medical care within the total structure of society Importance of COPAR: 1. COPAR is an important tool for community development and people empowerment as this helps the community workers to generate community participation in development activities. 2. COPAR prepares people/clients to eventually take over the management of a development programs in the future. 3. COPAR maximizes community participation and involvement; community resources are mobilized for community services.

PRINCIPLES: 1. People especially the most oppressed, exploited and deprived sectors are open to change, have the capacity to change and are able to bring about change. 2. COPAR should be based on the interest of the poorest sector of the community. 3. COPAR should lead to a self-reliant community and society. Phases of COPAR Process: 1. Pre-Entry Phase - is the intial phase of the organizing process where the community organizer looks for communities to serve and help. Acitivities include: Preparation of the Institution * * * * Train faculty and students in COPAR. Formulate plans for institutionalizing COPAR. Revise/enrich curriculum and immersion program. Coordinate participants of other departments.

Site Selection * * * * Initial networking with local government. Conduct preliminary special investigation. Make long/short list of potential communities. Do ocular survey of listed communities.

Criteria for Initial Site Selection * * * * * Must have a population of 100-200 families. Economically depressed. No strong resistance from the community. No serious peace and order problem. No similar group or organization holding the same program.

Identifying Potential Municipalities * Make long/short list. Identifying Potential Barangay * Do the same process as in selecting municipality. * Consult key informants and residents. * Coordinate with local government and NGOs for future activities. Choosing Final Barangay * Conduct informal interviews with community residents and key informants.

* * * * * *

Determine the need of the program in the community. Take note of political development. Develop community profiles for secondary data. Develop survey tools. Pay courtesy call to community leaders. Choose foster families based on guidelines.

Identifying Host Family * * * * * House is strategically located in the community. Should not belong to the rich segment. Respected by both formal and informal leaders. Neighbors are not hesitant to enter the house. No member of the host family should be moving out in the community.

2. Entry Phase - sometimes called the social preparation phase. Is crucial in determining which strategies for organizing would suit the chosen community. Success of the activities depend on how much the community organizers has integrated with the commuity. Guidelines for Entry * Recognize the role of local authorities by paying them visits to inform their presence and activities. * Her appearance, speech, behavior and lifestyle should be in keeping with those of the community residents without disregard of their being role model. * Avoid raising the consciousness of the community residents; adopt a low-key profile. Activities in the Entry Phase * Integration - establishing rapport with the people in continuing effort to imbibe community life. o living with the community o seek out to converse with people where they usually congregate o lend a hand in household chores o avoid gambling and drinking * Deepening social investigation/community study o verification and enrichment of data collected from initial survey o conduct baseline survey by students, results relayed through community assembly Core Group Formation * Leader spotting through sociogram.

Key persons - approached by most people Opinion leader - approach by key persons Isolates - never or hardly consulted 3. Organization-building Phase Entails the formation of more formal structure and the inclusion of more formal procedure of planning, implementing, and evaluating community-wise activities. It is at this phase where the organized leaders or groups are being given training (formal, informal, OJT) to develop their style in managing their own concerns/programs. Key Activities * o o o * * * * * Community Health Organization (CHO) preparation of legal requirements guidelines in the organization of the CHO by the core group election of officers Research Team Committee Planning Committee Health Committee Organization Others Formation of by-laws by the CHO

4. Sustenance and Strengthening Phase Occurs when the community organization has already been established and the community members are already actively participating in community-wide undertakings. At this point, the different committees setup in the organizationbuilding phase are already expected to be functioning by way of planning, implementing and evaluating their own programs, with the overall guidance from the community-wide organization.

d) Research on the DOH top 10 approved Herbal medicines; submit a compilation of its picture, definition & its uses on a short bond paper, Calibri or Arial (Font 12)

These is the list of the ten (10) medicinal plants that the Philippine Department of Health (DOH) through its "Traditional Health Program" have endorsed. All ten (10) herbs have been thoroughly tested and have been clinically proven to have medicinal value in the relief and treatment of various aliments:

1. Akapulko (Cassia alata) - also known as "bayabas-bayabasan" and "ringworm bush" in English, this herbal medicine is used to treat ringworms and skin fungal infections.

2. Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) - known as "bitter gourd" or "bitter melon" in English, it most known as a treatment of diabetes (diabetes mellitus), for the noninsulin dependent patients.

3. Bawang (Allium sativum) - popularly known as "garlic", it mainly reduces cholesterol in the blood and hence, helps control blood pressure.

4. Bayabas (Psidium guajava) - "guava" in English. It is primarily used as an antiseptic, to disinfect wounds. Also, it can be used as a mouth wash to treat tooth decay and gum infection.

5. Lagundi (Vitex negundo) - known in English as the "5-leaved chaste tree". It's main use is for the relief of coughs and asthma.

6. Niyog-niyogan (Quisqualis indica L.) - is a vine known as "Chinese honey suckle". It is effective in the elimination of intestinal worms, particularly the Ascaris and Trichina. Only the dried matured seeds are medicinal -crack and ingest the dried seeds two hours after eating (5 to 7 seeds for children & 8 to 10 seeds for adults). If one dose does not eliminate the worms, wait a week before repeating the dose.

7. Sambong (Blumea balsamifera)- English name: Blumea camphora. A diuretic that helps in the excretion of urinary stones. It can also be used as an edema.

8. Tsaang Gubat (Ehretia microphylla Lam.) - Prepared like tea, this herbal medicine is effective in treating intestinal motility and also used as a mouth wash since the leaves of this shrub has high fluoride content.

9. Ulasimang Bato | Pansit-Pansitan (Peperomia pellucida) - It is effective in fighting arthritis and gout. The leaves can be eaten fresh (about a cupful) as salad or like tea. For the decoction, boil a cup of clean chopped leaves in 2 cups of water. Boil for 15 to 20 minutes. Strain, let cool and drink a cup after meals (3 times day).

10. Yerba Buena (Clinopodium douglasii) - commonly known as Peppermint, this vine is used as an analgesic to relive body aches and pain. It can be taken internally as a decoction or externally by pounding the leaves and applied directly on the afflicted area.

e) Administrative Order # ____ dated on _______ outlines the guidelines of the establishment of Botika ng Barangay, discuss its goal, objectives and importance in the community. f) Define the following: y Disaster
A disaster is a natural or man-made hazard that has come to fruition, resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the environment. A disaster can be ostensively defined as any tragic event with great loss stemming from events such as earthquakes, floods, catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions.

Emergency
An emergency is a situation Most that poses an immediate require urgent

risk to health, life, property or environment.

emergencies

intervention to prevent a worsening of the situation, although in some situations, mitigation may not be possible and agencies may only be able to offer palliative care for the aftermath. While some emergencies are self evident (such as a natural disaster that threatens many lives), many smaller incidents require the subjective opinion of an observer (or affected party) in order to decide whether it qualifies as an emergency. The precise definition of an emergency, the agencies involved and the procedures used, vary by jurisdiction, and this is usually set by the government, whose agencies (emergency services) are responsible for emergency planning and management.

Risk
Risk is the potential that a chosen action or activity (including the choice of inaction) will lead to a loss (an undesirable outcome). The notion implies that a choice having an influence on the outcome exists (or existed). Potential losses themselves may also be called "risks". Almost any human endeavor carries some risk, but some are much more risky than others.

Hazard
A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or environment. Most hazards are dormant or potential, with only a theoretical risk of harm; however, once a hazard becomes "active", it can create an emergency situation. A hazard does not exist when it is not happening. A hazardous situation that has come to pass is called an incident. Hazard and vulnerability interact together to create risk.

Vulnerability
Vulnerability refers to the susceptibility of a person, group, society ,sex or system to physical or emotional injury or attack. The term can also refer to a person who lets their guard down, leaving themselves open to censure or criticism. Vulnerability refers to a person's state of being liable to succumb to manipulation, persuasion, temptation etc.

y y y

Capabilities
Capability is the ability to perform actions.

What are the classification of Disaster, classification according to onset, contributing factors Write the General Principle of Disaster Management

g) What are the conditions preventing one from donating blood, steps on how to donate, and whom it is given

A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural calamity affects humans and/or the built environment. Human vulnerability, and often a lack of appropriateemergency management, leads to financial, environmental, or human impact. The resulting loss depends on the capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster: their resilience. This understanding is concentrated in the formulation:

"disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability". A natural hazard will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas without vulnerability. Various disasters like earthquake, landslides, volcanic eruptions, flood and cyclones are natural hazards that kill thousands of people and destroy billions of dollars of habitat and property each year. The rapid growth of the world's population and its increased concentration often in hazardous environment has escalated both the frequency and severity of natural disasters. With the tropical climate and unstable land forms, coupled with deforestation, unplanned growth proliferation non-engineered constructions which make the disaster-prone areas more vulnerable, tardy communication, poor or no budgetary allocation for disaster prevention, developing countries suffer more or less chronically by natural disasters. Asia tops the list of casualties due to natural disasters. Man-made disasters are disasters resulting from man-made hazards (threats having an element of human intent, negligence, or error; or involving a failure of a man-made system), as opposed to natural disasters resulting from natural hazards. Man-made hazards or disasters are sometimes referred to asanthropogenic.

General Principles of Disaster Management: 1. The first priority is the protection of people who are at risk. 2. The second priority is the protection of critical resources and systems on which communities depend. 3. Disaster management must be an integral function of national development plans and objectives. 4. Disaster management relies upon an understanding of hazard risks. 5. Capabilities must be developed prior to the impact of hazard. 6. Disaster management must be based upon interdisciplinary collaboration. 7. Disaster management will only be as effective as the extent to which commitment, knowledge and capabilities can be applied.

BOTIKA NG BARANGAY Administrative Order # 23-A dated July 5, 1996 outlines the guidelines of the establishment of Botika ng Brgy. Goal: To promote equity in health by ensuring the availability and accessibility of affordable safe and effective quality essential drugs to all, with priority for marginalized, underserved, critical, and hard to reach areas. Objectives:

1. To rationalize the distribution of common drugs and medicines among intended beneficiaries (e.g. indigents) 2. To serve as mechanism for the DOH to establish partnership to the Local Government Units and community organizations. 3. Optimized involvement of the barangay health workers addressing the health need of the community.
Importance: It will enable indigents easy access to safe, effective, quality and affordable medicines.

Blood donation
y y

Being positive for the AIDS or hepatitis viruses rules one out as a blood donor. Individuals who have had ear, tongue, or other body part piercing are allowed to donate blood as long as the needle used in the piercing was sterile. If it was not or if this is unknown, the potential donor must wait 12 months from the time of the piercing.

y y

Being imprisoned rules one out as a blood donor. Being in the US military and serving in Iraq or Afghanistan rules one out as a blood donor for one year. A person with diabetes is allowed to donate blood. Insulin dependent diabetics are allowed to donate blood as long as their insulin syringe, if reused, is used only by them. Being deferred from travel to the UK and Western Europe due to concerns about Mad Cow Disease rules one out as a blood donor. Physically small people are not acceptable as blood donors as they have lower blood volumes and may not be able to safely lose a full pint of blood. One may not donate blood while one has the flu. But one can donate blood after exposure to someone with the flu provided the potential donor feels and has no symptoms. A minimum age limit exists as to how old a person must be in order to donate blood (usually age 17). There is no maximum age limit. Pregnancy and recent childbirth rule one out as a blood donor. The safety of donating blood during and shortly after pregnancy has not been fully established. There may be medical risks to the mother and baby during this time.

y y

Having high or low cholesterol does not exclude a person from donating blood. Potential blood donors may be temporarily prevented from donating if they have a low level of iron (hematocrit) in their blood. This requirement is for the safety of the donor in order to ensure that their blood iron level remains within the normal range for a healthy adult.

For almost all cancers (such as breast, brain, prostate, and lung), a person may donate blood five years after diagnosis or date of the last surgery, last chemotherapy or last radiation treatment. For blood cancers (such as leukemia or lymphoma), a person is not allowed to donate blood.

For non-melanoma skin cancer or a localised cancer that has not spread elsewhere, a person may give blood if the tumour has been removed and healing is complete. If a potential donor has had malaria they cannot donate blood for 12 months. This is because the parasite that causes malaria can lay dormant in a person's system for as long as a year. A person cannot donate blood while they are on antibiotics. This is not because of the antibiotic, but due to the presence of the illness or infection requiring the antibiotic - it may be transmitted through the blood.

How to donate blood?

Preparation before donating blood 1. Have enough rest and sleep. 2. No alcohol intake 24 hours prior to blood donation. 3. No medications for at least 24 hours prior to blood donation. 4. Have something to eat prior to blood donation, avoid fatty food. 5. Drink plenty of fluid, like water or juice. Steps in donating blood 1. Have your weight taken. 2. Register and honestly and complete the donor registration form. 3. Have your blood type and hemoglobin checked. 4. A physician will conduct a blood donor examination. 5. Actual donation--the amount of blood to be donated (either 350cc or 450cc) will depend on the donor's weight and blood pressure. It usually takes 10 minutes or less. 6. A 5 to 10 minute rest and plenty of fluid-intake are necessary after donation.
Your blood will be taken to one of our blood centres up and down the country. To protect patients, your blood is tested for HIV, hepatitis B and C, certain other infectious diseases and syphilis. Once the blood has been sorted into its different types, and all the tests are clear, it is then distributed to hospitals to meet their predicted demand. There your blood is matched to a particular patient who requires a transfusion.