ANDROID OS

Android History Features Architecture Techniques for Saving Data Application Security Future of Android Conclusion

SLICE OF HISTORY
Android Inc. founded in 2003 Android Inc. acquired by Google in 2005 with establishing OHA. Announced Android in 2007 and released source code. Reached version 3.0 releasing Honeycomb

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

Android is an operating system for mobile devices such as cellular phones, tablet computers and netbooks . It was initially developed by Android Inc. which was later purchased by Google.

Google further formed the open handset alliance.

 Developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)

What is the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)

Devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices Develop technologies that will significantly lower the cost of developing and distributing mobile devices and services

Some Major names of OHA

HTC SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS MOTOROLA GOOGLE

 NVIDIA ELECTRONICS INTEL CORP EBAY SONY ERRICSON

ANDROID IS A OPEN SOURCE

The Source Code of android os is freely available to anyone. Being an open source it has the following advantages
Support Cost

 Flexibility

FEATURES
Application Framework Dalvik Virtual Machine Integrated Browser Optimized graphics SQLite Media Support GSM telephony Bluetooth,EDGE,3G,Wi-Fi Camera ,GPS Rich Development Environment

ARCHITECTURE

LINUX KERNEL

Linux Version 2.6 as - h/w abstraction

layer Proven driver model Security, Memory & Process Management Efficient computing resource management Stable and proven for mobile platform

LIBRARIES

Written in C/C++ - System C Library ( libc ) Surface manager - composing different drawing screens Display/Graphics(SGL)-for 2D graphics OpenGLES 3D Graphics Library Media Libraries SQLite RDB engine-light weight LibWebCoreweb browser engine embeddable web view

ANDROID RUNTIME

Includes a set of core libraries that provides most of the functionality -JAVA Every Android application runs in its own process Dalvik VM executes files in the (.dex) format Device can run multiple VMs efficiently

APPLICATION FRAMEWORK
Activity Manager Content Manager Resource Manager Window Manager Notification Manager

Applications
All

apps (native and 3rd party) are written using the same APIs and run on the same run time executable All apps have APIs for hardware access, location-based services, support for background services, map-based activities, 2D and 3D graphics. App Widgets are miniature app views that can be embedded in other apps like Home Screen

APPLICATIONS

App Priority and Processes

Android

apps do not have control over their own life cycles Aggressively manages resources to ensure device responsiveness and kills process/apps when needed Active Process critical priority Visible Process high priority Started Service Process Background Process low priority Empty process

Web Apps
An

alternative to standalone

apps Developed using web standards and accessed through browser nothing to install on devices Mixing client and web apps is also possible Client apps can embed web pages using Webview in Android app

Android Market
Google Market - Part of GMS apps 3rd party apps submitted to Google,

approved and

distributed through Market Both Free and Paid apps Apps now limited to 50 MB; updates possible through Market Monetization through ads available Available in many countries, not all countries have support for paid apps Other Market place applications available Amazon has announced its own Android Market place App searches filtered based on Manifest file (eg. if a device does not have trackball, apps using trackball will be filtered out) Every app publishes a list of components the app will access and permissions need to be granted before installation Apps installed on device and SD card (SD Card from Froyo)

Search
Core feature in android User should be able to search

any

data on device or internet Usually one of the android buttons Search suggestions based on recent queries Provide custom search suggestions that match actual results in application data system side Quick Search Box Voice Search available and enhanced in recent Releases

Android Software Updates

Android 1.0 G1 1.5 Cupcake 1.6 Donuts (CDMA support) 2.0 clair (Droid introduced with clair) 2.2 Froyo 2.3 Gingerbread (SDK released 2 weeks

ago and source will follow soon) API Levels used by apps to identify software version on the device Android apps are generally forward compatible with newer version, but not necessarily backwards compatible

SECURITY AND PERMISSIONS

 Android is a multi-process system, in which each application runs in its own process. Most security at the process level through standard Linux facilities. Additional securities through permission mechanism that enforces restrictions on the specific operations that a particular process can perform. In android security architecture no application, by default, has permission to perform any operations that would adversely impact other applications, the OS, or the user. This includes reading or writing the users private data, reading or writing another applications files, performing network access.

FUTURE OF ANDROID

 Over the next year or two, an exponential increase in the number of Android related devices. As the number and variety of gadgets continues to increase the potential market for Android will grow ever larger.

CONCLUSION

Android is a disruptive technology, which has introduced initially on mobile handsets, but has much wider potential

REFERENCES

http://www.android.com -AndroidOfficialWebpage http://www.androidwiki.com AndroidWiki http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android Wikipedia - Information http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQLite http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipse _(software) http://www.itworld.com/google-androiddr-080213