----------------------- Page 1----------------------Analele Universitatii Constantin Brncusi /2011 SUSPENDAREA, REVOCAREA SI , RESCISSION AND ANULAREA LIDATION OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE

IVE DOCUMENTS Prof. univ. dr. Pantelimon MANTA PhD. Pantelimon MANTA Facultatea de Stiinte Juridice si Litere Juridical Sciences and Letters Universitatea Constantin Brncusi Tg-Jiu tin Brncusi Tg-Jiu Abstract: Suspendarea actelor act: The recess of the administrative administrative presupunea ntreruperea temporara, s the temporary, provisional cessation provizorie a execut arii actelor administrative si se istrative documents and can be disposed poate dispune atunci cnd exist a un dubiu, o a doubt, an incertitude regarding the incertitudine cu privire la, legalitatea sau and opportunity of an administrative oportunitatea unui act administrativ. Suspendarea se poate de organul emitent ecess can be realized by the issuing organ, de organul ierarhic superior si nu de instanta ior hierarchic body and not by the trial judec atoreasca. Revocarea actelor administrative rescission of the administrative documents desemneaza operatiunea juridica prin care organul ridical operation through which the issuing emitent dispune retragerea propriului act fie ca hat the withdrawal of its own document to urmare a dispozitiilor organului ierarhic superior. t of the disposals of the superior hierarchic Daca, n principiu, actele administrative sunt revocabile, exista si exceptii de la aceasta case that, principally, administrative regula, care privesc actele administrative evocable, there are also exceptions from individuale, cele normative fiind ntotdeauna ning individual administrative documents, revocabile. nes being always revocable. Univ. prof. Faculty of University Abstr documents suppose of when the admin there is Constan ACTELOR din Trgu Jiu, Seria Stiinte Juridice, Nr. 1 RECESS INVA ADMINISTRAT

lawfulness document. , The r by the super The appoints the ju body disposes t be body. In documents are r this rule, concer the normative o as resul

instance.

Cuvinte cheie: act administrativ, Key words: administrative document, suspendare, revocare, legalitate, exceptii de la adjournment, rescission, lawfulness, exceptions from principiul revocabilit atii. revocability pr

inciple n mare masura, regimul juridic eat measure, the juridical regime aplicabil actelor administrative este be applied to administrative cuprins n dispozitiile Legii nr. 554/2004, is a part of Law no. 554/2004, privind contenciosul administrativ. n the contentious administrative conformitate cu prevederile acestei legi, rding to the provisions of this actele administrative pot face nu numai administrative documents can be organele administratiei publice, ci si alte ly by the public administration organe ale statului si chiar organizatii also other organs of the state and particulare, atunci cnd realizeaza o rganizations, when realized an activitate de organizare a executarii si de execution and for the concrete executare n concret a legii. law. nment Suspendarea actelor admnistrative of the administrative Obligatia de executare pentru administrative poate sa nceteze fie n mod liability of execution for In a gr that documents concerning matters. law, Acco the can

realized not on bodies, but

even particular o activity of

execution of this Adjour

actele

documents The

Annals of the Constantin Brncusi Issue 1/2011

University of Trgu Jiu, Juridical Sciences Series, 45

----------------------- Page 2----------------------Analele Universitatii Constantin Brncusi /2011 din Trgu Jiu, Seria Stiinte Juridice, Nr. 1 administrative temporary temporary or cessatio docu

temporar, fie n mod definitiv. ncetarea ments can cease either temporara a obligatiei de executare a in a definitive manner. The actelor administrative constituie o n of the execution liability suspendare a executarii lor. e documents represents an Deci, prin suspendare se ntelege xecution. operatiunea juridica, care determina temporary adjournment we ncetarea temporara, provizorie a al operation, determining efectelor actelor administrative. Ea este provisional cessation of the dispusa, de regula cnd exista un dubiu ocuments effects. It is cu privire la legalitatea sau oportunitatea

of the administrativ adjournment of their e So, by

understand the juridic the temporary, d as a

administrative disposed,

rule, when there is a doubt unui act. Cnd exista certitudinea n ce regarding the lawfulness or the opportunity of priveste aceasta nelegalitate sau a document. inoportunitate se ia o masura definitiva de When there i s certainty concerning this ncetare a efectelor actului administrativ, illegality or inopport uneness would be taken a cum ar fi revocarea, anularea. 1. Pentru definitive measu re for cessation of the dezvoltare , a se vedea Antonie Iorgovan, administrative document effects, like Tratat de drept administrativ, Editura All rescission or invali dation. 1. For enlargement, Beck, Bucuresti, 2005. to be seen Ant onie Iorgovan, Administrative n sfera notiunii de suspendare a law treaty, All Beck Publishing House, actelor administrative se cuprind n Bucharest, 2005. primul rnd toate cazurile de ncetare In the area of t he notion of adjournment temporara a obligatiei de executare dupa of the administr ative documents, would be intrarea n vigoare a actului administrativ, contained, first of al l, the cases for temporary adica dupa nceperea producerii de efecte cessation of th e execution liability, after juridice, dar trebuie cuprinse si cazurile entering in force th e administrative document, de amnare temporara a producerii namely after ce ssation of juridical effects efectelor si deci si a executarii, atunci cnd production, but must b e contained all cases of aceasta ar fi putut sau ar fi trebuit sa fie temporary postp one of producing effects and nceputa. this way for execut ion, when this might have Singura conditie necesara n ambele been or might have not been started. cazuri este ca ncetarea obligatiei de The only necessary condition in all executare sa fie temporara, limitata si cases is that the ce ssation of execution liability determinata n timp, fiind indiferent daca should be temporary, limited and determined termenul pna la care opereaza este in time, no matt er if the term until which prevazut expres sau depinde de ndeplinirea would be processed is specifically mentioned unei anumite conditii. or depends o n the execution of certain mpotriva posibilitatii si necesitatii conditions. institutiei suspendarii actelor administrative Against the possibility and necessity to s-ar putea argumenta ca aceasta ar duce la adjourn the admi nistrative documents, might suspendarea nsasi a legii, deoarece aceasta be argued that this would lead to the se realizeaza n principal de organele suspension of law, as these are mainly realized

administratiei publice. stration bodies. Totusi trebuie aratat ca also be showed that law and legea si respectarea legalitatii e that the activity of public activitatea organelor administratiei s to be according to them. sa fie conforme acestora. extent, sometimes, it is n acest sens, uneori, este ary to be adjourned the necesar sa se suspende executarea unui act n administrative document on Annals of the Constantin Brncusi Issue 1/2011

by the public admini nsasi cer ca It should

respecting it requir administration bodie To this necess of a

publice

absolut

absolutely execution

University of Trgu Jiu, Juridical Sciences Series, 46

----------------------- Page 3----------------------Analele Universitatii Constantin Brncusi /2011 din Trgu Jiu, Seria Stiinte Juridice, Nr. 1

administrativ asupra caruia exista dubii, which are dou bts, incertitude regarding it s incertitudini cu privire la legalitatea sau lawfulness an d opportunity, to give the oportunitatea sa, tocmai pentru a se da opportunity for the competent body to verify posibilitatea organului competent sa these requirements, i n order not to breach the verifice aceste cerinte spre a nu se ajunge la law ncalcarea legii. So, by adjou rnment, not only that law Asadar, prin suspendare nu numai is not breached , but, on the contrary, it is ca nu se "ncalca" legea, ci dimpotriva se strengthened th e activity of law execution, ntareste activitatea de executare n concret which is the most important mission of the a legilor care constituie cea mai importanta public administration bodies. misiune a organelor administratiei publice. The a djournment can be disposed Suspendarea poate fi dispusa printrthough a juridi cal document, but can also act un act juridic, dar poate opera si n temeiul based on law. legii. Samples of ope legis adjournment are Exemple de suspendare ope legis the ones from the G EO no.2/2001, concerning sunt cele cuprinse n OUG nr.2/2001, the establishm ent and sanctioning privind stabilirea si sanctionarea contraventions. S o, according to art. 24 : the contraventiilor. Astfel, conform art. 24 : report to e stablish a fine and the procesul-verbal de stabilire a amenzii si indemnification b ecomes executor only after

despagubirilor nu devine executoriu dect 15 days from communication. In the same dupa 15 zile de la comunicare. Tot way, according to a rt.31, parag.3 the complaint astfel, potrivit art.31, a l i n . 3 plngerea headed to the competent body against the adresata organului competent mpotriva report for appli cation of an administrative procesului-verbal de aplicare a unei sanctions lead s to the suspension of this sanctiuni administrative atrage administrative document s execution. It suspendarea executarii acestui act represents an a djournment operating directly administrativ. Este deci o suspendare care by the effect of th e law text, from the moment opereaza direct prin efectul textului de of introducing the complaint at the competent lege, din momentul introducerii plngerii la organ and until this is pronounced, either by organul competent si pna cnd acesta se rejecting the complaint , of by invalidating the pronunta, fie respingnd plngerea, fie attacked document, or by modifying it. In anulnd actul atacat, fie modificndu-l. n ce respect of the po ssibility of adjournment, priveste posibilitatea suspendarii dispuse disposed by law, we can make difference prin acte juridice, distingem mai multe between several situations, depending on the situatii, n functie de organul administratiei public administra tion body, disposing the publice care dispune suspendarea. adjournment. n primul rnd, suspendarea Primarily, the adjournment of the executarii actelor administrative o poate administrative documents execution can be dispune organul de la care emana. Daca disposed by the body issuing it. In case the norma juridica prevede expres aceasta juridical norm men tions this possibility, there posibilitate, nu se pune nici o problema. is no problem . Discussions can appear Discutii se pot naste cu privire la situatia concerning thi s situation, when the juridical cnd norma juridica nu face nici o referire norm does not refer r egarding the possibility to n ce priveste posibilitatea suspendarii unui adjourn an admin istrative document, exactly act administrativ chiar de catre organul by the body issuing it. care l-a emis. In the juridical literature, it has been n literatura juridica s-a opinat ca stated that can not be admitted as the ea este inadmisibila pentru ca possibility of adjour nment, of execution of the Annals of the Constantin Brncusi Issue 1/2011 University of Trgu Jiu, Juridical Sciences Series,

47 ----------------------- Page 4----------------------Analele Universitatii Constantin Brncusi /2011 din Trgu Jiu, Seria Stiinte Juridice, Nr. 1 administrative doc

"posibilitatea suspendarii, executarii actului ument by the body issuing administrativ chiar de catre organul care l-a appreciation, as the juridical emis, lasata la absolut libera apreciere a nything, can give birth to acestuia, pentru ca norma juridica nu g them on large scale, to dispune nimic, poate usor da nastere la urnment of the administrative abuzuri, la comiterea lor pe scara larga, la f principle 2. ( Romulus ridicarea suspendarii actelor trative law, Didactic and administrative la rangul de principiu" . 2. g house, Bucharest, 1970, ( Romulus Ionescu, Drept administrativ, Editura didacticasi pedagogica, Bucuresti, point of view cannot be 1970, pag.27). om theoretical and practical Un asemenea punct de vedere nu poate fi acceptat nici din considerente since the public teoretice si nici practice. organ has, according to the Astfel, din moment ce organul s of administrative law, the administratiei publice are conform or revoke documents issued, principiilor generale de drept have the right to adjourn administrativ, dreptul de a anula sau revoca actele pe care le emite cu att mai ng but an application of the mult trebuie sa aiba si dreptul de a st majus potest et minus ". suspenda astfel de acte. actical aspects it is imposed Aceasta nu este dect o aplicatie a as the public administrative principiului " qui potest majus potest et y to temporary cease the minus ". ction that is supposed to be Si din considerente practice se iate. It would be abnormal impune o astfel de solutie pentru ca organul issuing body the possibility administratiei publice nu are alta cale de that is necessary to decide on a opri temporar efectele unui act banuit a

it, remained at its norm does not have a abuses, release committin the adjo

document at degree i Ionescu, Adminis

pedagogic publishin pag.27). Such accepted even a fr

points of view. Therefore, administration general principle

right to invalidate the more they should such documents. This is nothi principle " qui pote From such pr

a solution

body has no other wa effects of an a

illegal or inappropr not to create to the and the period

the lawfulness or th

e opportunities of such an fi ilegal sau inoportun. Ar fi anormal sa nu document, provisional and se creeze organului emitent posibilitatea si n the document does not timpul necesar deliberarii asupra legalitatii but is not annulled, and in sau oportunitatii unui act administrativ, has the material necessary perioada provizorie si temporara n care serious doubts existing actul nu si produce efectele, dar nu e ss and opportunity of an desfiintat, si n care organul respectiv are t. timpul material necesar pentru a elimina must be shown that the ndoielile serioase care exista cu privire la documents adjournment legalitatea si oportunitatea actului the issuing bodies cannot administrativ. sed at principle positions Trebuie nsa aratat ca masura he responsibility of public suspendarii actelor administrative de catre bodies in issuing these organele emitente nu poate si nici nu ld be more diminished. trebuie ridicata la rang de principiu pentru initio that they have the ca n aceasta situatie, responsabilitatea journ documents that they organelor administratiei publice n administration bodies might emiterea acestor acte ar fi mult diminuata. at realizing these operations. Stiind ab initio ca au posibilitatea de a is case, the administrative suspenda actele pe care le emit, organele ent might be equal with Annals of the Constantin Brncusi Issue 1/2011

administrative temporary period whe produce its effects, which time that body to eliminate

regarding the lawfulne administrative documen There administrative measure realized by and would not be rai in this case, t

administrative documents Knowing possibility issue, easily Indeed, documents the ab to ad wou

public

proceed in th

adjournm

University of Trgu Jiu, Juridical Sciences Series, 48

----------------------- Page 5----------------------Analele Universitatii Constantin Brncusi /2011 din Trgu Jiu, Seria Stiinte Juridice, Nr. 1

administratiei publice ar putea sa the law executi on adjournment, which is procedeze cu usurinta la efectuarea inadmissible. acestei operatiuni. ntr-adevar, n acest The adjourn ment of administrative caz suspendarea actelor administrative ar documents execution can be also disposed by putea echivala cu nsasi suspendarea superior hierarchic

bodies like and, in some executarii legii, ceea ce este inadmisibil. instances. The adjournment Suspendarea executarii actelor ative documents, realized by administrative poate fi dispusa si de of public administration, organele ierarhic superioare precum si, n to the ones issuing the anumite cazuri, de instantele judecatoresti. ually accepted, as a result Suspendarea actelor administrative de of the effects of the hierarchy organele administratiei publice ierarhic stablished, between the organ superioare celor care au emis actul, este ument and the one having acceptata conceptual ca urmare a efectelor its activity according to its ierarhiei care se stabileste, ntre organul

cases, by the trial of the the administr bodies

hierarchically superior document, is concept of that the would the effects be e doc

issuing control

regarding

hierarchical positions.

care a emis actul si cel care are controlul The control has as purpose ensuring the activitatii acestuia potrivit pozitiei sale conformity of the administrative documents ierarhice. with the provisio ns of law. When there are Controlul vizeaza tocmai asigurarea doubts regarding the lawfulness of the conformitatii actelor administrative cu administrative docum ent, issued by an inferior prevederile legii. Atunci cnd exista ndoieli body, the hierarchi c body can decide its cu privire la legalitatea actului adjournment. administrativ, emis de organul inferior, Certainly, when the juridical norm organul ierarhic superior poate hotar foresees expressly such adjournment, the suspendarea acestuia. public adminis tration body that is Desigur, n situatia cnd norma hierarchically superior has such a right, in an juridic a prevede expres asemenea incontestable way. T he problem, most delicate suspendare, organul administratiei publice from this point of view is, as in the previous ierarhic superior are n mod incontestabil sample, regarding the possibility of adjourn the un asemenea drept. Problema mai delicata execution of such an administ rative document din acest punct de vedere se pune, ca si n by the hierarchical ly superior body, in case exemplul anterior, cu privire la posibilitatea juridical norms do not foresee such suspendarii executarii unui act possibilities. The same arguments debated in administrativ de catre organul ierarhic the previous paragrap h, enable us to appreciate superior n situatia n care normele that also here, in application of the principle

juridice nu dispun nimic asupra acestei jus potest et minus", the posibilitati. Aceleasi argumente pe care leor bodies can adjourn the am dezbatut n paragraful anterior, ne ents of the subordinated ndreptatesc sa apreciem ca si aici, n can be also cancelled. aplicarea principiului "qui potest majus the situation is another when potest et minus ", organele ierarhic administrative bodies which superioare, pot suspenda actele hierarchically superior . administrative ale organelor subordonate, competence rules, of strict cu att mai mult cu ct ele le pot si anula. case in which these organs Desigur, alta este situatia cnd e adjourn the documents of vorba de organe administrative care nu ich, even if having a more sunt nsa n mod "direct ierarhic are not subordinated to superioare". Fiind vorba de reguli de for example, the town council Annals of the Constantin Brncusi Issue 1/2011

"qui

potest

ma superi docum

hierarchic administrative

organs, as much as these Certainly, speaking are not about directly about the or wh

Speaking

interpretation, might some invalidate bodies

restricted the first.

competence So,

University of Trgu Jiu, Juridical Sciences Series, 49

----------------------- Page 6----------------------Analele Universitatii Constantin Brncusi /2011 din Trgu Jiu, Seria Stiinte Juridice, Nr. 1 cannot invalidate th of some local

competenta, care sunt de strica interpretare, e administrative documents nu se justifica cu nimic solutia ca aceste council as between them there organe sa poata anula sau suspenda actele n rapports. unor organe care chiar daca au o exception, the adjournment of competenta mai restrnsa nu se uments can be disposed subordoneaza primelor. Asa, de exemplu. r bodies of the public consiliul judetean nu poate suspenda which are not positioned in actele administrative ale unor consilii rgan issuing the document. locale deoarece ntre ele nu exista raporturi urnment is admitted only de subordonare. e adjournment competence. Prin exceptie, suspendarea actelor being offered by Law no. administrative poate fi dispusa si de alte

are not subordinatio As an

the administrative doc also by othe

administration, hierarchy with the o In this case, the adjo if the law offers th Such an example is 340/2004 rega

rding the prefect and the organe ale administratiei publice, care nu institution of the p refect. In this art. 19, par. 1, se situeaza n ierarhie cu organul care a let. a and e foresee: s representative of emis actul. In acest caz nsa, suspendarea the government, the prefect fulfills the este admisa numai daca legea confera following main attributions: - ensures, at competenta suspendarii . Un asemenea f district level or, depending on case, o exemplu este oferit de Legea nr. municipality Bu charest, the application and 340/2004 privind prefectul si institutia observance of the Co nstitution and of the laws prefectului. n acest art. 19 alin.1 lit. a si e and ordinances and of the Government prevad: n calitate de reprezentant al decisions, of the other normative document, as guvernului, prefectul ndeplineste well as of public orde r; urmatoarele atributii principale: - asigura V erifies the justifiability of the , la nivelul judetului sau, dupa caz, al administrative docum ent of the city council, o f municipiului Bucuresti, aplicarea si l or of the Mayor. 3. For respectarea Constitutiei si a legilor , a o be seen, Verginia Vedinas, ordonantelor si a hotarrilor Guvernului, Law, Revised fifth edition, a celorlalte acte normative , precum si a verse Publishing House, ordinii publice; 443-445 Verifica legalitatea actelor administrative document, like administrative ale consiliului judetean , ical document should not be ale consiliului local sau ale primarului. a definitive, stable and 3. Pentru dezvoltare, a se vedea , Verginia t. The dynamics of the Vedinas, Drept administrativ, Editia V ial, economic and political revizuita, Editura Universul juridic, cing the complex activity Bucuresti 2009, pag. 443-445 stration bodies, makes that Actul administrativ, ca orice act documents ensuring the juridic nu trebuie conceput ca un act execution and the concrete definitiv, fix, imuabil. Dinamica evolutiei to be changed, modified. fenomenelor sociale, economice, politice, the local counci t

enlargement, Administrative Juridical

Uni

Bucharest 2009, page The any other jurid as

conceived

unchangeable documen evolution of the soc phenomena, influen

of the public admini administrative organization of the organization of law On rever

se, the public administration ce influenteaza activitatea deosebit de ple and for people. No matter complexa a organelor administratiei nd managed it would be, publice face ca si actele administrative care can be diminished, but not asigura organizarea executarii si executarea minated. From this point of n concret a legii sa poata fi schimbate, doubt that the bodies of modificate. ation can make efforts in Pe de alta parte, administratia ctivity, errors which can be publica este facuta de oameni si pentru the adoption of some Annals of the Constantin Brncusi Issue 1/2011

is

made

by

peo

how well organized a the subjectivism eli

completely

view, it is beyond any the public administr the concrete a in

transposed

University of Trgu Jiu, Juridical Sciences Series, 50

----------------------- Page 7----------------------Analele Universitatii Constantin Brncusi /2011 din Trgu Jiu, Seria Stiinte Juridice, Nr. 1

oameni. Ct ar fi ea de bine organizatasi administrative document not totally condusa, subiectivismul poate fi diminuat, corresponding to the requirements of the dar nu eliminat complet. Prin aceasta moment and even to th e law s imperatives. prisma este n afara de orice ndoiala ca The pu blic administration bodies organele administratiei publice pot face should have th e right to issue administrative erori n activitatea concreta, erori ce se documents in this period and in implicit transpun n adoptarea unor acte manner, the a uthority to invalidate or call administrative ce nu corespund n totalitate back when their unlawfulness or cerintelor momentului si chiar imperativelor inopportunity ca n be observed, that is to say legii. they do not correspond to the duties that Organele administratiei publice should be fulfille d and so becoming a break in trebuie sa aiba dreptul de a emite n orice realizing them. moment acte administrative si n mod implicit, puterea de a anula sau retracta Rescissi on of the administrative atunci cnd constata ilegalitatea sau documents inoportunitatea lor, adica nu corespund sau Rescissi on indicates the juridical nu mai corespund sarcinilor ce trebuie sa le operation thr ough which the issuing body ndeplineasca si devin deci, o frna n disposes the withdra

wal of own action as a realizarea acestora. own initiative, or as a

result result of

of

his

the decisions of t he superior hierarchic body. Revocarea actelor administrative juridical literature it has been Revocarea desemneaza operatiunea scission of the administrative juridica prin care organul emitent dispune ight be realized also by the retragerea propriului act fie din proprie of the state organization. For initiativa, fie ca urmare a dispozitiilor a n of this opinion it has been organului ierarhic superior. hat since hierarchic superior n literatura juridica s-a exprimat right to give orders to the parerea ca revocarea actelor administrative bodies, to issue administrative ar putea fi facuta si de organul superior he same authorities having the administratiei de stat. n justificarea e the reconstruction of the acestei opinii s-a considerat ca din moment without obedience of their ce autoritatile ierarhic superioare au dreptul In this sense, the order of de a da ordine organelor subordonate, de a of the document would be emite acte administrative, aceleasi its competence to direct and autoritati au si dreptul de a ordona activity of the inferior in refacerea actelor care s-au facut cu the superior organism has nerespectarea ordinelor lor. n acest sens, of the problem forming the ordinul de reformare a actului, se face pe nistrative document and can baza competentei acestuia de a ndruma si ument solved the problem controla activitatea inferiorului n nner. We cannot totally agree conditiile n care organul superior are s of view. It is true that the viziunea generala a problemei care hic bodies can give guidance formeaza obiectul actului administrativ si mes is really binding, the poate estima daca acest act a rezolvat n to issue or, in our case, to mod oportun problema. Nu putem fi de tain administrative documents. acord n totalitate cu aceste puncte de o be seen Antonie Iorgovan vedere. Este adevarat ca organele ierarhic aw treaty, vol. II. All Beck superioare pot da ndrumari uneori chiar In the

states that the re documents superior the body m

justificatio t

considered

authorities have the subordinated documents, right t

to ordinat

documents realized commands. reformation realized based on control conditions the main the where vision

object of the admi estimate if this doc in with a proper these ma point

superior which inferior withdraw

hierarc someti bodies cer

4. To this extent, t , Administrative l Publishing House, Bu

charest, 2005, page 83Annals of the Constantin Brncusi Issue 1/2011 University of Trgu Jiu, Juridical Sciences Series, 51 ----------------------- Page 8----------------------Analele Universitatii Constantin Brncusi /2011 din Trgu Jiu, Seria Stiinte Juridice, Nr. 1

obligatorii, organelor inferioare de a emite 85. sau, n cazul nostru, de a retracta anumite But in case t hese are not conformed, it acte administrative. 4. n acest sens , a se should not be conceive d that superior bodies vedea Antonie Iorgovan , Tratat de drept would be themselves t o issue or to withdraw administrativ, vol. II. Editura All Beck, these documents. So, in case the inferior die Bucuresti, 2005, pag. 83-85. not act or issued or withdrew the Dar n situatia n care acestea nu se administrative documen t, the superior might conformeaza, nu este de conceput ca not act instead of him, the competence rule organele superioare vor putea ele nsele sa being absolute. No procedure allows the emita sau sa retracteze aceste acte . Deci, superior to act inst ead of the inferior. daca inferiorul n-a actionat si nu a emis sau We also estimate that the rescission nu a retractat actul administrativ, superiorul notion should be used only for cases of nu poate actiona n locul acestuia, regula de cancelling the ad ministrative documents for competenta fiind absoluta. Nici o unsuitability causes; meanwhile the procedura nu permite superiorului sa invalidation sho uld appoint the annulment actioneze n locul inferiorului. document, on illegalit y reasons. Apreciem de asemenea ca notiunea The judi cial practice and even the de revocare ar trebui folosita numai pentru supreme instanc e have pronounced in this cazurile de scoatere din vigoare a actelor sense. Therefore, th e juridical organization of administrative pentru cauze de the social economic a nd administrative life inoportunitate n timp ce anularea ar trebui supposes the ens uring of a stability of the sa desemneze desfiintarea actului, pe juridical rapports. motive de ilegalitate. To realize this stability, the principle Si practica judecatoreasca si chiar of revocability of the administrative instanta suprema s-a pronuntat n acest documents executed or of the ones producing

sens. Astfel, organizarea juridica a vietii lds, exiting from the area of social-economice si administrative, ment of the administrative presupune asigurarea unei stabilitati a of general applicability. By raporturilor juridice. of this principle would be n realizarea acestei stabilitati, ility of the administrative principiul revocabilitatii actelor issued documents, being administrative puse n executare sau a celor them, either for illegality or care au produs efecte n alte domenii, only until the moment iesind astfel din sfera de reglementare dministrative documents have exclusiva a dreptului administrativ, este un effects and put under principiu de aplicabilitate generala. Prin ring them in the circuit of consacrarea acestui principiu se limiteaza other posibilitatea organului administrativ de a e case in which the reveni asupra actelor ce le-a emis, putndut has been released by le revoca , fie pentru ilegalitate, fie pentru fraction of imperative or inoportunitate numai pna n momentul n r has been issued by care actele administrative si-au produs as a result of a will viceefectele pun executare sau prin intrarea lor and the administrative ence n circuitul altor raporturi juridice this situation, but the Pentru ipoteza n care actul produced its effects by administrativ a fost emis prin ncalcarea ing them into the area of unei norme de drept imperative sau artments, producing other prohibitive sau a fost emis prin mijloace the legal way of cancelling Annals of the Constantin Brncusi Issue 1/2011

effects in other fie exclusive settle

law, is a principle the dedication the possib

limited

body to return on the able to rescind

for the inadequateness in which the a

produced

their

execution or by ente juridical rapports. For th administrative documen breaching prohibitive a norm o

fraudulent means or error, body document execution, other juridical law by two, viol

observes has pass dep

effects,

University of Trgu Jiu, Juridical Sciences Series, 52

----------------------- Page 9----------------------Analele Universitatii Constantin Brncusi /2011 din Trgu Jiu, Seria Stiinte Juridice, Nr. 1 the illegal administrati the rescission of

frauduloase sau ca rezultat al unui viciu de ve document cannot be vointa - eroare, doi, violenta - iar organul the document but the

administrativ constata aceasta situatie, dar its invalidation by the actul si-a produs efectele prin executare, the request of the prin trecerea lor n sfera altor ramuri de drept, producnd alte efecte juridice, calea e sense that the issuing legala de desfiintare a actului administrativ inistrative document ilegal nu mai poate fi revocarea actului, ci ed in the civil circuit in constatarea nulitatii ori anularea lui de d by fraudulent means catre instanta judecatoreasca, la cererea or, is not conformant to organului administrativ. strative law. Sustinerea n sensul ca organul idea might be accredited emitent poate sa-si revoce actul after the administrative administrativ si dupa ce acesta a intrat n or entered in the circuitul civil daca a fost obtinut prin pports, including in the mijloace frauduloase sau ca rezultat al other juridical effects, unei erori, este neconforma principiilor de rative body, without any drept administrativ. o be able to rescind the Daca s-ar acredita aceasta idee ar ating newly created nsemna ca, dupa ce actul administrativ a which is inadmissible, fost executat ori a intrat n sfera altor ciple of stability of raporturi juridice, inclusiv n circuitul civil, order. producnd alte efecte juridice, organul uses can be anterior, administrativ emitent, fara nici un control posterior to issuing jurisdictional sa-si poate revoca actul, ents. When causes are desfiintnd situatiile juridice nou create, t with the moment of ceea ce este inadmisibil, fiind contrar e rescission has ex ex principiului stabilitatii raporturilor juridice si ordinii de drept. is different from Cauzele de revocare pot fi of invalidation. The anterioare, concomitente sau posterioare mines the temporary emiterii actelor administrative. Cnd inistrative documents cauzele sunt anterioare ori concomitente rescission leads to their

observance of nullity of trial instance, at th

administrative body. Support in body can rescind the adm and after this has enter case it has been obtaine or as a result of an err the principles of admini In this means case

this

that,

document has been executed area of the juridical ra civil circuit, producing the issuing administ

jurisdictional control t document, juridical invalid situations,

being contrary to the prin juridical rapports and law The rescission ca concomitant administrative anterior or or docum concomitan

issuing the document, th tunc effects. Rescission adjournment adjournment cessation effects of and deter the adm

meanwhile

cu emiterea actului, revocarea are efecte ex As shown, we consider tunc. the opportunity of an Revocarea se deosebeste att de d is disposed only suspendare ct si de anulare. Suspendarea meanwhile cancellation determina ncetarea temporara a efectelor orce an administrative actelor administrative n timp ce revocarea l grounds, being also duce la ncetarea lor definitiva. Asa cum archic superior body of am aratat, punctul nostru de vedere este ca the ration of power, in revocarea priveste oportunitatea actului aw, as well as by the administrativ si este dispusa numai de organul emitent n timp ce anularea se on principle, the refera la scoaterea din vigoare a unui act are revocable, there administrativ pe motive de ilegalitate ea this rule, concerning putnd fi dispusa si de organul ierarhic ive documents, the superior al administratiei sau puterii de stat, ays revocable. Annals of the Constantin Brncusi Issue 1/2011

definitive

cessation.

that rescission receives administrative document an by the issuing body,

refers to getting out of f document, disposed by on the illega hier

state

administ

conditions foreseen by l trial instance. In case, administrative documents are also exceptions from individual administrat

normative ones being alw

University of Trgu Jiu, Juridical Sciences Series, 53

----------------------- Page 10----------------------Analele Universitatii Constantin Brncusi /2011 din Trgu Jiu, Seria Stiinte Juridice, Nr. 1

n conditiile prevazute de lege, precum si The fi rst exception from the de instanta judecatoreasca. revocability of the administrative documents Daca, n principiu actele refers to ju risdictional administrative administrative sunt revocabile, exista documents. Th e reason for which these nsasi exceptii de la aceasta regula, care documents are not submitted to rescission privesc actele administrative individuale, derives from their specific characteristics: cele normative fiind ntotdeauna - through them would be solved revocabile. litigations su pposing contradiction and Prima exceptie de la excluding the p ossibility of perception from revocabilitatea actelor administrative se the office; refera la actele administrative - the j

urisdictional administrative jurisdictionale. Ratiunea pentru care aceste joy a judged work power acte nu sunt supuse revocarii deriva din h stability. trasaturile lor specifice: fact that jurisdictional - prin ele se solutioneaza litigii care documents are irrevocable presupun contradictorialitate si exclud that they are definitive and posibilitatea sesizarii din oficiu; celled or modified. On the - actele administrative jurisdictionale rovides the administrative or se bucura de putere de lucru judecat care le modality and the specially asigura o stabilitate mai mare. for each of them, by those Faptul ca actele administrative jurisdictionale sunt irevocabile nu nseamna exception from revocability ca ele sunt definitive si nu pot fi n nici un ade by those individual mod desfiintate sau modificate. documents based on which Dimpotriva, legea prevede calea de atac work or procedural rapports administrativa sau judecatoreasca si which in a common manner procedura special reglementata pentru subjective rights warranted fiecare din ele de normele juridice possibility in front of the trial respective. administrative documents are A doua exceptie de la principiul e civil law rapports, of work revocabilitatii o formeaza acele acte rapports, etc. Once these administrative individuale pe baza carora appeared, the documents s-au nascut raporturi juridice civile, de ome irrevocable. munca sau procesuale si care n mod mple, an administrative obisnuit dau nastere unor drepturi a result of which has been subiective garantate prin posibilitatea ssion, based on the auction actiunii n fata instantei de judecata. onstruction field, should Actele administrative pot genera raporturi d. This way, would not be de drept civil, de drept al muncii, raporturi partition order for a locative procesuale etc. Odata nascute aceste with lease contract or with raporturi, actele care le-au generat devin ribution document from the

documents

en

ensuring them a hig The administrative does cannot contrary, judicial settled not mean be law attack procedure can p

juridical norms. A second principle administrative civil appeared juridical, and is m

give birth to some by the action The generat

instance. able law, rapports to

procedural have

generating them bec For document granted, by as ce exa

according to law, a c not be rescinde a re realized dist

rescinded surface the work

irevocabile. Provincial Agency for Occupying the Work De exemplu, un act administrativ Force, materiali zed by concluding a work prin care s-a atribuit prin concesionare, pe contract. baza licitatiei potrivit legii, un teren The reas on to exclude such situations pentru constructie nu va putea fi revocat. from the re vocability principle of the Tot astfel, nu va putea fi revocat un ordin administrative d ocuments is the care of the de repartitie a unei suprafete locative care legislator to ensure the stability of these Annals of the Constantin Brncusi Issue 1/2011 University of Trgu Jiu, Juridical Sciences Series, 54 ----------------------- Page 11----------------------Analele Universitatii Constantin Brncusi /2011 din Trgu Jiu, Seria Stiinte Juridice, Nr. 1 rapports which

s-a finalizat prin ncheierea unui contract de means nothing but a nchiriere sau actul de repartizare n al person participating munca din partea Agentiei Judetene pentru Ocuparea Fortei de Munca, care of this category might be the s-a materializat prin perfectarea unui ent of personal statute. For contract de munca. would not be justified the Ratiunea excluderii unor astfel de rescind a graduation diploma situatii de la principiul revocabilitatii education institute, personal actelor administrative consta n grija document, through which legiuitorului de a asigura stabilitatea certified of having followed-up acestor raporturi care nu nseamna nimic rses of a faculty. altceva dect o protejare a persoanei fizice n exception from the participante la aceste raporturi. documents revocability Tot n aceasta categorie s-ar putea the case of the documents ncadra si actele atributive de statut zed. personal. De exemplu, n-ar fi cu nimic ot be rescinded on grounds justificata posibilitatea revocarii unei n that no previous material diplome de absolvire a unei institutii de established. nvatamnt superior, act atributiv de statut

protection of the physic in these rapports. Also part attributive example, possibility from statute the a docum it to superior attributive is

titular

and graduated the cou Also administrative principle is also a

being materially reali These cann of the simple reaso situation might be As shown

the administrative personal, prin care titularul ei este atestat ca documents represent the jurid ical modality to a urmat si a absolvit cursurile unei facultati. organize the execution and to concretely Tot o exceptie de la principiul execute law. That is why, between the revocabilitatii actelor administrative o administrative documents and law there is constituie si situatia actelor care au fost always a subordination rapport, the realizate material. lawfulness of the administrative document Acestea nu pot fi revocate pentru being an essential c ondition for their validity. simplul motiv ca nu s-ar mai putea stabili First it should be showed that law is situatia materiala anterioara. not able and shouldn t always pre-establish all Asa cum am aratat, actele conditions and moda lities for the intervention administrative reprezinta modalitatea of public bodies by administrative documents. juridica de organizare a executarii si de If suc h proceeded, the public executare n concret a legii. De aceea, ntre administration bodies would be transformed actul administrativ si lege exista in simple autom atics and couldn t adapt at totdeauna un raport de subordonare, time and effi ciently such multiple duties, legalitatea actelor administrative fiind o always in move that the evolution of social conditie esentiala pentru valabilitatea lor. life supposes. Mai nti trebuie aratat ca legea nu That is w hy, public administration poate si nici nu trebuie ntotdeauna sa bodies should have a ce rtain initiative and the prestabileasca n detaliu toate conditiile si possibility to app reciate cases in which the modalitatile de interventie a organelor administrative documents would be issued, administratiei publice prin acte but in any situations the administrative administrative. Daca s-ar proceda asa, documents sho uld have the support of the organele administratiei publice s-ar law, should be issued based and to execute transforma n simple automate si n-ar putea law. sa se adapteze la timp si eficient sarcinilor asa de multiple si mereu n Bibliography schimbare pe care le presupune vietii sociale. Iorgovan, Administrative Annals of the Constantin Brncusi Issue 1/2011 evolutia Antonie

University of Trgu Jiu, Juridical Sciences Series, 55

----------------------- Page 12----------------------Analele Universitatii Constantin Brncusi /2011 k din Trgu Jiu, Seria Stiinte Juridice, Nr. 1

De aceea organele administratiei Law treaty, All Bec Publishing House, publice trebuie sa dispuna de o anumita Bucharest, 2005. initiativa si sa aiba posibilitatea de a Romulus Ion escu, Administrative aprecia situatiile n care vor emite actele Law, Didactic and p edagogic publishing administrative, dar n oricare situatii actele House, Bucharest, 1970. administrative trebuie sa se sprijine pe lege, Verginia Vedinas, Administrative sa fie emise n baza si n vederea executarii Law, Revised fifth e dition, Juridical legii. Universe publishing House, Bucharest, 2009. Bibliografie Antonie Iorgovan, Tratat de drept administrativ, Editura All Beck, Bucuresti, 2005. Romulus Ionescu, Drept administrativ, Editura didactica si pedagogica, Bucuresti, 1970. Verginia Vedinas, Drept administrativ, Editia V revizuita, Editura Universul juridic, Bucuresti 2009. Annals of the Constantin Brncusi Issue 1/2011 University of Trgu Jiu, Juridical Sciences Series, 56