I.

Introduction: a. Rationale . b. Purpose . c. Objectives i. ii. General objectives Specific objectives

d. Methodology. e. Scope and limitation II. Target Community Profile a. Description of the community.. i. ii. b. c. i. i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. i. ii. iii. iv. v. Historical background Spot map Sex ratio . Educational attainment .. Occupational status .. Average Housing condition .. Types of housing . Availability of electricity Ventilation of houses Sources of water supply Means of cooking Food storage .. Garbage disposal . Excreta .. e. Health care indices i. ii. iii. iv. v. Health seeking behaviour .. Sources of health information Birth attendants Place of delivery Infant feeding practices .. disposal income

Population Profile. Socio economic indicators

d. Environmental indices..

vi. vii. III. IV.

Family planning practices . Method of family planning ..

Analysis of data a. Identification of health problem.. Action plan a. Activity b. Gantt c. chart of to activity to be be done done.. Budget

V.

Appendices .. a. Spot map b. Survey questionnaire.. c. Letters i. ii. iii. Barangay official. School.. Photographs

I. Introduction A. Rationale Students view the Community Diagnosis as an enjoyable, challenging and exciting experience because students will live in the community for a certain period of time and will live there together with the community. But aside from those reasons mentioned above, Community Diagnosis is very important because this will not only serve as a students guide in determining the health profile of the studied community but as well as the health problem present. This would also serve as a learning experience and application of the theory that has been thought in the classroom. Furthermore, Community Diagnosis is a way in identifying and resolving the health needs and problem of the community. And student nurses take part in knowing the health needs and problems in the community. Taking part in Administration of Community health Diagnosis will be the role of student nurses. But since they are considered new in the field of Community Health Nursing Collaboration with health teams in applying their knowledge in maintaining and promoting quality health to the community would be a great help. Students may impart knowledge and provide necessary information about the proper way of preventing disease without may truly help the whole community. and prevention. B. Purposes This would be to apply scientific reasoning, critical thinking and problem solving in determining the health care needs of of Barangay Barangay Sto. Ni o.The purpose of this community diagnosis was to learn about the health and quality of life concerns of residents of Barangay Sto. Ni o, both adult and adolescent, and the resources and strengths that exist in the town for dealing with these concerns. The community diagnosis process used datas to discover and analyze both the concerns and strengths of Barangay Sto. Ni o. Thus, it identify priorities, establish goals and find out courses of action in improving community health status. C. Objectives General Objectives: After 10 days of community immersion, the student nurses should have assessed and acquired the essential demographic, socio-economic-cultural, and environmental, health resources of the Barangay, and to make the people aware of the social realities and cultural practices that affect the health of the Barangay Sto.Nino, Binalonan, Pangasinan. Specific Objectives: 1. To achieve the communitys demographic distinctive together with total population and geographical distribution, topography, and its trends. 2. To deliberate the community socio-economic-cultural variables that affect their health standing. 3. To scrutinize and verify the environmental variables such as water, air, food, housing, and waste disposal that plays an essential role with the communitys health and wellness. They may also promote health suggesting, health programs and seminar related with the commonly occurring disease for early detection

4. To attain necessary health information of the community including births, morbidity, and mortality. 5. To identify the resources in the community that provides health services and congregate their health related needs. 6. To distinguish the communitys political and leadership patterns that is of necessary with their well-being of safety, peace and order. 7. To be able to apply and practice nursing theories and knowledge in the community, that may increase the student nurses capabilities and critical thinking ; and be prepared for real nursing situation. 8. To formulate the community people to be aware of socio realities toward the development of local enterprise, optimal use of human, technical, and material resources, and strengthening of peoples capacities. 9. To figure constitution that holds the peoples basic interest as oppressed and deprived sectors of the community. D. Methodology To start the the community diagnosis, the student-nurses will have their duty at Barangay Sto. Nino had their courtesy call to the barangay last November 21,2011, and to seek permission from the barangay captain and members of barangay officials headed by Engr. Donno G. Custodio to inform them about the purpose and objective of the community.Furthermore the student-nurses together with our instructor had an ocular observation to assess the barangays environmental conditions. November 22-23, 2011, we formally begin our survey in the barangay Sto. Nino and we interviewed 37 families, using accidental sampling based on the availability of the household members. After answering the survey-questionnaire, the data gathered were carefully tallied, analyzed and interpreted for the use of the Community Diagnosis E. Scope and delimitation The study aims to know the prolem of the community,covers of 37 families composing of 153 individuals representing the residents of the barangay. The data gathering tool that the student-nurses utilized is a structured survey-questionnaire to the bread winner of the family or any family member who is capable of answering to the leading information of their family. The questionnaire consists of demographic data such as name address, length of residency the family members background-education, occupation, income, religion. It also pertains to the respondents way of living including their housing condition, water supply, excreta disposal and garbage disposal. The left portion of the survey-questionnaire include their means of cooking, food storage, health care indices such as Health seeking behaviour sources of health information birth attendants place of delivery,Infant feeding practices, family planning practices ,method of family planning and other health problem. II. Target Community Profile

A. Description of the community

Historical Background Barangay Sto. Nino, Binalonan Pangasinan is a small Barangay with 1892 population. The barangay was called Sto. Nino because of the patron made miracle, the small boy called Senior Sto. Nino. That s why it was given this name. The people are very heartwarming including the Barangay Captain, honorable Engineer Donno Custodio.
Spotmap Map of Sto Nino Binalonan, Pangasinan

Figure 1 Sex Distribution of Barangay Sto. Nino, Zone 1 Zone 7, Binalonan, Panagsinan

Male

Female

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION : Table 1 shows the frequency of male and female in the community. The data shows that the productive age group that consist 51.63% at the respondents is the highest in number are male while the other group consist of 48.37% are the female. Since the dominant genders are males, there will be a possibility that they can do heavy work and this indicates that they can support their basic needs. Since the males are the dominant, this implies that there will be lesser tendency that the population will increase over time. But even they are the highest in number there will be also possibility that there will be increase in mortality in males caused by their sedentary lifestyle such as drinking alcohol and smoking. And also they forgot to take care of their self due to gambling. This affects the productivity of the group. In this case, the Barangay official may help to prevent this by conducting programs to alternate this action of the males by diversional activities like ballgames, cleaning the barangay, and promotion of proper hygiene with the help of the health sector team. However, even if there are lesser females in these groups, proper programs still being carried out to educate them about the maternal and child care to lessen the number of maternal and infant illnesses. Another method is that can be used to limit the population would be the responsible parenthood that could be help them identify the ideal family size depending upon the budget to accommodate the basic needs. The Provincial Health Department may conduct programs for males focusing on Health Management such as stop smoking campaign, family planning, and impart some prevention technique to

a certain diseases. For the females, they may conduct programs focusing on maternal and child health care such as Micronutrient Supplementation, Monitoring of malnourished pregnant women, Tetanus Toxoid immunization, Safe mother and womens health like the Pre-marital and responsible parenthood counseling and care management for the mother to ensure safety of pregnancy and delivery. Sex Ratio Analysis and Interpretation The computation above shows that for every 107 males there are 94 females on the families surveyed this implies that there are more males than females in the community. With this data, it could be suggested that the health programs offered be more focused on the welfare of the males as they make up majority of the population. Programs and health services like health education and responsible parenthood, family planning, prevention of diseases, disaster management, first aid and promoting healthy lifestyle must be established in the local health center. Not only males are included in the health teachings also females especially the mothers like proper breastfeeding technique, immunization and first aid management at home, proper food handling and responsible parenthood because they are the primary health care provider in their families. SEX RATIO Population Profile Male Female Frequency 79 74

Interpretation: The computation above shows that for every 107 males there are 100 females on the families surveyed. This implies that male has dominant population over female; therefore males are possible to perform heavy works at home or at the workplace. Vices such as smoking, drinking alcohol and gambling are prone to this community as well as occurrence of different types of diseases. As for females, possible high risk of increase in population by reproducing babies. Cleanliness and neatness in the household and surroundings are to be observed because female are more on doing house chores than males. CIVIL STATUS FREQUENCY (f) Child Single Married Widow/widower TOTAL 36 45 65 7 153 PERCENTAGE (%) 23.52% 29.41% 42.48% 4.57% 100%

Interpretation: The respondent were grouped accordingly to whether they are child, single, married or widow/widower based on their personal statement. The table shows the community with the highest fraction with single and married individuals, 29.41% and 42.48% respectively. The most dominant group of the community is the married ones, comprises another significant amount of individuals of 42 out of 100 surveyed respondents. However, widower/widow has the lowest rate among the surveyed respondents. Married couple could possibly increase the population of the community. They also have bigger responsibilities and each of the adult ones are force to work or to sustain family members needs. However, in the status single 29.41% were surveyed, this implies possible early pregnancy nearly occurs. Vices due to peer pressure may happen in the community due to lack of supervision among localities. On the other hand, single views as especially the youth ones give hope to the community to rise up and fight against poverty. Child reveals with 23.52% average implies possible accidents depending on the site and environment of community such as drowning, poisoning, falling etc. children are prone to be addicted in computer games and spending more time engaging social networking. Widow/widower shows the average of 4.57% out of 100 and reveal as the lesser category among the four in civil status. This implies that widow/widower takes more bigger responsibilities left and needs to be face alone. Possible depression occurs due to lost and lesser time for himself/herself regardless the cause of present situation. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

FREQUENCY (f) Elementary level Elementary Graduate High School Level High School Graduate Short term Course College Level College Graduate TOTAL 32 20 32 38 10 14 5 151

PERCENTAGE (%) 21.19% 13.74% 21.19% 25.16% 6.62% 9.27% 3.31% 100%

Interpretation: The percentage distribution of the educational attainment of the respondents with the majority belongs to high school graduate has the average of 25.16%. Some of these respondents are currently studying or stopped. College graduate has the lowest average with the percentage of 3.31%.

For elementary levels reveals 21.19%, this means that job is difficult to find as well as elementary graduate with the percentage of 13.74% and high school level with 21.19%. High school graduate can be able to find a decent job but with lesser rate of salary. Shorter course has 6.62% implies they can get a decent job and could possibly permanent and able to go abroad depending on the skills. Can also able to sustain family needs. For college undergraduate reveals a percentage of 9.27% which means they are able to find a contractual jobs and possible permanent jobs while in the college graduate with a lesser percentage of 3.31% implies a pleasant job, nice salary and possible leader in the community. RELIGION

FREQUENCY (f) Roman Catholic Iglesia ni Cristo Community of Christ TOTAL 133 12 8 153

PERCENTAGE (%) 86.92% 7.84% 5.22% 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that the majority of the community were Roman Catholic indicated by 133 or 86.2 % while Iglesia Ni Cristo comes next with the frequency of 12 or 7.84%. The lowest frequency with 8 or 5.22% was Community of Christ. The religion may have influenced how the respondents look at health problems and how they respond to them. It could be possible that the people are influenced by the others to communicate with God or have a relationship with God. Some religions have beliefs of praising statues. For the Iglesia Ni Cristo they believed that the blood of animals cannot be eaten because they believe that its a blood of God. OCCUPATION

FREQUENCY (f) White Collar Blue Collar TOTAL 5 54 59

PERCENTAGE (%) 8.47% 91.52% 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that the majority of the respondents were Blue collar indicated by 54 or 91.52% while 5 or 8.47% were White Collar. The occupations are categorized under blue and white collar. A blue collar worker is a member of a working class who performs manual labor, and earns an average wage. Their work is may be skilled or

not, and may involve farming, construction worker, tricycle driver, janitor and others. It indicates that they are doing heavy works that may cause pains and fatigue. These blue collar works; in general they are exposed to unfavourable and dirty areas, and have physical contact with different people. White collar worker refers to an educated worker or a salaried professional who performs semiprofessional office works, administrative and sales coordination tasks. The job that is categorized a White collar are business man, engineer and teacher. In terms of their occupation they are to communicate to others who need their professionalism. Also for the community health workers who are communicating to people in the community. AVERAGE INCOME

FREQUENCY (f) 99-999 1,000-1,999 2,000-4,999 5,000-9,999 10,000-14,999 15,000-20,000 TOTAL 7 11 16 10 3 1 48

PERCENTAGE (%) 14.58% 22.91% 33.33% 20.83% 16.25% 2.08% 100%

Interpretation: This table shows that the highest family income is about 33.33% of the earning respondents have a monthly income greater than (Php 2,000); this implies that most of the family cannot sustain their needs and does not receive the right amount of money needed to comply with their basic needs. Having insufficient funds to support the daily lives, the respondents cannot afford to spend anymore on their health and wellness related to concerns, they become vulnerable to health complication. While the least percentage of 2.08% of the earning respondents have a monthly income of greater than (Php 5,000), it represents that there is a least family who have their comfort living.

SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY

FREQUENCY (f) Point Source Communal Faucet System Water Works System TOTAL 31 3 3 37

PERCENTAGE (%) 83.78% 8.10% 8.10% 100%

Interpretation: This table implies that 83.78% of the respondents get their water supply from point source, 8.10% get their water supply in a communal faucet system and water works system. The most common type of water source in the community is the point source system, because most of them cannot afford their own water supply. Since most of them get their supply from point source, there are chances that the water theyre consuming maybe contaminated or unsafe. It will be less accessible and requires much effort than water works system. While the least percentage will be 8.10% of communal faucet and water works system represents that least of the family cant afford their own water supply. MEANS OF COOKING

FREQUENCY (f) Electrical Stove Wood/Charcoal Kerosene LPG TOTAL 0 31 1 5 37

PERCENTAGE (%) 0 83.78% 2.70% 13.51% 100%

Interpretation: This table represents that 83.78% of the respondents use wood and charcoal as the means of their cooking. It shows that they are using their resources, especially wood because it is cheaper that kerosene than LPG. While 2.70% of the respondents were using kerosene. FOOD STORAGE FREQUENCY (f) With Refrigerator Without Refrigerator Others TOTAL 9 25 3 37 PERCENTAGE (%) 24.32% 67.56% 8.10% 100%

Interpretation: Out of 37 respondents, there are 9 families or 24.32% who keep their left over foods in refrigerators. On the other hand, majority of the families which comprises 67.56% or 25 families do not stored their food on refrigerators. With this, there is a greater chance to get their food spoiled due to bacterial and fungal growth and environments temperature. Under this category of not refrigerated left over foods: there are three (3) families or 8.10% who choose to left their foods uncovered or exposedwhich then heightens the risk of the foods spoilage and contamination. This date stresses the proper food storage and proper handling in the community. GARBAGE DISPOSAL

FREQUENCY (f) Compost Pit Burning Collected Open Dumping TOTAL 4 19 6 8 37

PERCENTAGE (%) 10.81% 51.35% 16.21% 21.62% 100%

Interpretation: In the 37 respondents of Brgy. Sto. Nino, 51.35% said that their garbage is being burned at their backyard. In the line with that is the promotion of P.D 856, the Code of Sanitation. It is responsiblity of each individual to maintain and observed cleanliness. Not only inside the house but as weel as their surroundings like proper disposal of waste. Through proper waste disposal, the environment is not just only conserved but mostly, the spread of microorganism and bacteria causing diseases is being lessened. If the individuals are not properly knowlegeable about the importance of proper waste disposal their will be an increase number of diseases. EXCRETA DISPOSAL

FREQUENCY (f) Water sealed latrine or Hand flushed Septic tank TOTAL 36 1 37

PERCENTAGE (%) 97.29% 2.71% 100%

Interpretation: In the 37 respondents of Brgy. Sto. Nino, 97.29% said that their excreta disposal is thru water sealed latrine or hand flushed, which is very convenient way of disposing the excreta. Then, 2.70% of the population is using thru septic tank. This a sanitary way of disposing their own excreta. FAMILY PLANNING

FREQUENCY (f) Practicing Family Planning Not Practicing Family Planning TOTAL 15 22 37

PERCENTAGE (%) 40.54% 59.46% 100%

Interpretation: The table shows that most of the respondents of Brgy. Sto. Nino are not practicing family planning, this signifies a high reproductive bracket in the community, meaning an elevated risk of increase of the rate of population. This would also implies most of the married couples arent knowledgeable enough about contraceptives .Furthermore, would possibly be a result to poverty. On the other 15 of the total respondents are into family planning, that means that they have the higher chance of having more convenient life as compared to these who practice the other way more convenient life as compared to these who practice the other way. They could attend and provide the needs of their family.

METHOD OF FAMILY PLANNING

FREQUENCY (f) Natural Artificial Permanent TOTAL 8 8 3 19 PERCENTAGE (%) 42.12% 42.10% 15.78% 100%

Interpretation: As for the method of family planning, majority of them uses withdrawal method, this signifies that among those contraceptive listed above the said method as perceived by the respondents is more comfortable and their no need to purchase it. While few of them resort to the use of artificial contraceptive such as pills (31.57%), condom (10.52%), ligation (15.78%).This implies that these married couples in the community are knowledgeable enough about productive life. This would also means that the couple aside from the fact that they can purchase it they are also conscious about practicing safe sex.

III. Analysis of data A. Identification of health problem After fifteen days of exposure the student nurses were able to assess the condition of Barangay Sto. Nino Zone 1 to Zone 7.The major problems identified in the community focused on environmental aspect. Environmental Factors is an important element in life as it affects every phenomenon and every action that takes place. The environmental condition for instance will reflect the possible health status of each individual. According to John Tomarro, Environmental health is a branch of public health that deals with the study of preventing illnesses by managing the environment and changing peoples behaviour to reduce exposure to biological and non-biological agents disease and injury. In the study conducted, the student nurses were able to identify environmental and socioeconomic problems present in the community such as: 1. Cough related to change of weather. 2. Diarrhea related to flies infestation. Socio-Economic factors play an important role in the general health and well being of the whole community these factors greatly affect the residents way of living. Below are the identified socio-economic factors: 1. Low Educational Attainment Most of the residents in the area are undergraduates. In that case, they are the ones who do not have permanent/unstable jobs and therefore at risk of having not enough money to sustain their basic needs such as food and clothing. Having low educational attainment he/she may have little information regarding health. 2. Unemployment Due to the low educational attainment, there are no stable jobs or at most no jobs available and thus resulting to unemployment. They have no income to suffice the needs of the family much more of not having a budget to sustain a good health condition.