Application of FACTS Devices for the hterconnected Line Between Fujian Network and Hutidong Network

Jinfu Chen

Xnghua W n ag

Xianzhong Diuan(M)

Daguang W n ag

Ronglin B a n g

Deparbnent of Electrical Engineering Huazhong Universityof Science and Technology Wuhan, Hubei l?R.China Abstract: In order t impmve the stability of Fujian power system and o provide power energy to Huadong power system, a 5OOkV interwnnecte.d line which is more than 5 O O h long will be laid to connect Fujian network and Huadong network. For the interconnected line is long and poor damping, power flow oscillations will arise on the interconnected line when there QZ some faults i Fujian or i Hudong. The oscillations will cause generatois n n entering into asynchronous operations between Fujian and Huadong. In this paper, two FACTS(F1eXibk AC Transmission Systems) devices are introduced into the system to improve the stability of the interconnected line, one is Static Var cOmpensator(SVC) and the othn is Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor(TCSC). The abilities of the two devices improving the stability of the interconnected line are described and compared in the paper. Several related objects are presented to discussion at the end of this paper.
Keywords: FACTS Power flow Oscillation TCSC Transient Stability

Fujian Electric Power Ts and Research Institute et Fuzhou, Fujian, P.R.China

Power Flow Control SVC

I. INTRODUCTION

the present tune, FACTS technology has already been considered to 'bring a bright prospect for the modem power system. In this paper, two efficient and economical FACTS devices, TCSC and SVC are employed to improve the stability of the interconnected line between Fujian network (in the following of this paper, it is called Fujian) and Huadong netw1Di-k (in the following of this paper, it is called Huadong). In the second section, the structures of Fujian and Huadong are dlescribed. The benefits and problems after the two systems interconnected are shown. The models of FACTS devices are introduced in the following section. Then the effects of TCSC and SVC to improve the stability of the interconnected line are discussed in the fourth section through vary calculations, and the difference of the ability to damp the power flow oscillation between these two devices is shown. In the :Following section, several related objects have been put forward to discussion. Conclusions are presented at the end of this paper.

Chinese power industry has developed to a new stage, the 11. DESCRIPTION OF SYSTEMS capacity of each power system is enlarged and the nationwide interconnection of power systems is putting forward to Fujian and :Huadongare located in the Southeast of China, discussion. But the nationwide interconnection of power systems also will bring in a series of problems. First of all, a one-line diagram of the 5OOkV transmission system in stability is one of the major issues affecting the secure Fujian and the interconnected line between them are shown operation of a large power system, including voltage stability and power angle stability. From the operating experiences of power systems in other countries, it is an important problem which can not be neglected. Secondly, it's difficult to control the power flow among the interconnected power systems. At the early stage of the nationwide interconnection of power systems, the stability of the interconnected systems is the main concern. Power flow oscillation in the interconnected line is one of the stability problems and it will affect the secure operation of power systems. The comparatively wealc interconnections between large power systems, will cause power flow oscillations in the interconnected lines unavoidably. The benefits of nationwide interconnection i n power systems will not be achieved unless these problems are solved very well. Since 1986 Hingorani put forward FACTS concept and aimed to transport the thyristor-based control technology into Figure 1 diagram of Fujian and Huadong the power system, many research works have been carried out and lots of advanced FACTS devices emerged[ 11. Studies on FACTS aims at increasing transmission capabilities, in figure 1. As; a local network, Fujian has only 5000MW damping the oscillations, providing the voltage support and load. The main transmission system is the 220kV network exploring the potential of the power system stability[2-5]. At and they composed of a large loop with double lines (only

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few area is single line), so the structure of the 220kV system is strong. The 500kV network shows as 1 liom south to north and its stability is lower than the 220kV network. Huadong is a regional system which consisted of zhejiang network, Jiangshu network, Anhui network and Shanghai network. The load in Huadong is up to 20000MW. In the system, the 500kV network takes the main position, so the network structure is strong and its stability is much higher than Fujian. With the development of power system, some 600MW generators will be introduced to Fujian. It will form an operating condition which is called as big-generator vs small-network in Fujian and the fkequency in Fujian will decrease very quickly when faults have been occurred on the 600MW generators. In order to improve the stability of Fujian, an interconnected line will be laid to connect Fujian and Huadong. The following benefits will be achieved after the two systems are connected. a. Benefit of controlling peak-load: the proportion of hydro-power is high in Fujian and there are remain capacity of controlling peak-load which can be sent to Huadong to loose the difficulty of controlling peak-load in Huadong. b. Improving the stability of Fujian: connected to Huadong can enhance the ability in Fujian to anti disturbances, especially the problem that the frequency decreasing caused by the failures in the 600MW generators. c. Decreasing the standby capacity of generators in the system: the whole systems standby capacity of generators can be decreased because the two networks can help each other When disturbance arose in the system after interconnected. Though there are some benefits, a series of problems will arise for the interconnected line is weak compared to the two networks. The main problems are: a. For the interconnected line is long (about 300km,and if considering the lines fiom Fuzhou to Houshi, it is more than 500km) and the two networks are comparatively large, power flow oscillations will be caused even by a little disturbance arose in the system. The oscillations will last for a long period because of the poor damping and the stability operation of the system will be broken. b. If there is power flow oscillation occurred in the interconnected line, the voltage of 500kV bus in Fuzhou station will sway very tempestuously and its minimum voltage will lower than 1OOkV. The 500kV bus voltage in other stations will also change very large, especially in the Shuikou station, the oscillation of the bus voltage will affect the security operation of hydro generators connected to the bus.
111. MODEL DESCRIPTION
A. Model of generator

model including the excitation control system and the govemor system. Few generators that its rating is less than lOOMvar and phase shiften use the model without excitation control system and the govemor system.

B.Modeling of TCSC
Figure 2 is the diagram of TCSC model including its control system. The TCSC is set to control active power flow of line i-j.

Figure 2 diagram of TCSC model

C. Modeling of SVC

Figure 3 diagram of SVC model

The model of SVC is shown in figure 3 including its control system. In this paper, the active power flow exchange between SVC and system is assumed to be zero and the DC voltage in the capacitor is constant. IV. CASES STUDY Calculations to the system have been carried out using those models described above. The stability of Fujian and Huadong is analyzed and according to the power flow oscillation in the interconnected line, TCSC and SVC will be introduced to the system to show their abilities of improving the stability of the interconnected line. A. Without FACTS devices Calculation results show that the generators in Fujian will not enter into asynchronous operation between each other under many operation conditions, and the same in Huadong. So, if the interconnected line is cut and the whole system is divided into two networks when there are some faults in the system, the fiequency will increase or decrease in Fujian but

The most of generators in Fujian and Huadong use the

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little change in Huadong because of its strong structure. If the interconnected line is exist, the generators in Fujian will be in asynchronous to the generators in Huadong and power flow oscillation will be caused in the interconnected line. When the power flow in the interconnected line is fkoml Fujian to Huadong and if the interconnected line is cut when there are some failures in the system, the fiequency in Fujian, will increased. The number of the increased fiequency is, related to the power transferring to Huadong. If the power transferring to Huadong is IOOOMW, and the load in Fujian is 5000MW, the fiequency will increase up to 51.3%. If the power is 400MW, the frequency will increase up to 50.4Hz. Power flow oscillation will be found in the interconnected1 line if the interconnected line still exists when system ist failure. The magnituae of power flow oscillation in the line will increase up to 2500MW. The bus voltage in 500kV network in Fujian will sway too, and the two networks will enter into asynchronous very quickly after system failure. If the power flow in the interconnected line is f o rm Huadong to Fujian and the interconnected line is cut, the fiequency in Fujian will decrease because of power absence. The minimum frequency will lower than 43Hz and the network will not be in operation unless some loads are sheted off in time. If the interconnected line is not cut when system is failure, power flow oscillation can also be found in it. Through the above calculations, the main problems after Fujian connected to Huadong are: a. If the interconnected line is cut (either fault or not), high frequency or low frequency will be found in Fujian. Some measures should be taken to confirm the stability of the network, such as generators shedding or loads shedding. For there is not involved in improving the stability of the interconnected l i e in this condition, the following analysis will not consider about it. b. If the interconnected line is exist, when there are some faults happen to it in the interconnected system, power f o lw oscillations will arise in it. Measures are also needed to improve the stability of the interconnected line, such as FACTS devices. In order to analyze the abilities of TCSC and SVC to improve the stability of the interconnected line, the second condition (the interconnected line is exist) and Fujian are concerned in the following.

bus voltage in I h h o u station, and sometime it is lower than 1OOkV. The low and swing bus voltage causes other buses' voltage in Fujian oscillation too, and the stability operation in Fujian is damaged.
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Fiigun4 Calculation results with TCSC

B.Including TCSC
TCSC can rapidly adjust its reactance to control flexibly the power flow in transmission systems, improve the dynamic and transient performance of the power system. Under the operating condition of l O O O M W power flow from Fujian and there is one fault happened in Fujian, power f o in the interconnected line is shown as solid line in fig4a lw In fig4b, the solid line shows a generator in Fujian compared to generators in Huadong. It is obviously that two networks are in asynchronous. The solid line in fig4c shows the 500kV

If there is iB TCSC in the interconnected line, such as installing the 'KSC in the interconnected line close to Fuzhou station ;andthe maximum compensation to the line is 75%. We can use the TCSC to damp the power flow oscillation in the interconnected line. Under the same condition as solid line in Fig 4, power flow in the interconnected line is shown as dashed line in fig4a. It shows

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that the power flow oscillation i the interconnected line is n smaller with TCSC than without TCSC.In fig4b, the dashed line shows the same generator i Fujian compared to n Huadong. From it we can see that Fujian and Huadong are not in asynchronous again, the all generators keep in synchronous. The bus voltage of Fuzhou station is shown in fig4c as the dashed line. It shows better than without TCSC (solid line).

can pull the two networks which may be operated into asynchronous to synchronous. Other calculation results also show that in other operating conditions, TCSC has the similar effects. It can improve the stability of the interconnected line and prevent Fujian &om operating into asynchronous to Huadong.

c. Including svc
From the calculations above we can see that Fuzhou station is about in the mid-point of two groups of generators which maybe operate into asynchronous. If installing a SVC on the Fujian station, the stability of interconnected line will be improved by SVC.The rating of the SVC is BOOMVar.
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Figure 5 Calculation results with SVC

From the comparisons above we can find that TCSC has good effect to improve the stability of interconnected line. It

Figure 6 Calculationresults with SVC

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Under the same condition as figure 4, calculation results with the SVC are shown in figure 5. In figure 5, the solid lines are the power flow oscillation in the interconnected lint:, the generator angle in Fujian compared to Huadong and the 500kV bus voltage of Fuzhou station without SVC respectively, and the dashed lines are the same variables with SVC. From figure 5, it is concluded that under a big disturbance, the SVC has not the efficient ability to damp the power flow osciilation except that it has some effects on controlling the bus voltage. If the power flow in the interconnected line is small, such as 400MW,in the same system failure, what about the SVC's effects? Calculation results are shown in figure 6. The power flow in the interconnected line is shown in figure 6% the dashed lines are with SVC and solid lines are without SVC. The magnitude of power flow oscillation with SVC is smaller than that of without SVC. It can be seen that there still have some effects on damping the power flow oscillation with SVC. In figure 6b, it is the generator angle in Fujian. From figure 6b, the oscillation of generator with SVC (dashed line) is smaller than that without SVC (solid line). With SVC, the 500kV bus voltage has been improve well, as dashed line shown in figure 6c and the solid line is without SVC. Compared with figure 5 and figure 6, we can find that the ability of SVC has some limited. For it is a shunt type device, its effects on controlling the system are through regulating the bus voltage. Under a big disturbance i the system, the n SVC has great difficulty to show its function. V. DISCUSSION
A. Influence of the different position of TCSC

voltage of network can be regulated flexibly, but the effect to improve the stability of the interconnected line is not better than that all ralhg are located in Fuzhou station. C. Influence ofthe different control of SVC In general, the SVC can be used to control the bus voltage when system i:r in its normal operation. If so, when the power flow oscillation arose in the interconnected liie after system faults, the SVC only can damp the oscillation by regulating the bus voltage which it connected. If we change the control of the SVC to damp the oscillation when system was fault, could the ability of SVC be improved? Through a lot of calculation results we found that the effect of SVC to damp the oscillation is the same. If we analyze further we could find that the bus voltage swing of Fuzhou station is similar to power flow oscillation in the interconnected liie, so their controlling effects are the same. D. Influence of different system condition The system condition mainly includes the number of load in Fujian and the power flow in the interconnected line. The smaller load in Fujian and more power flow in the interconnected line, the greater effect the power flow oscillation to :Fujian. Thus Fujian network can not be stabled very quickly and the power flow oscillation will last a little long time in the interconnected line. The simulation results can verify that. There also' is great influence by the different directions of power flow in the interconnected line. If the same power to Fujian when i t absence and when it overdose, the power flow oscillation will last different time because of the different network operating.
E. Other func1:ions of TCSC

From the results of calculation, there is little effect to the stability of the interconnected line when TCSC is installed in different position of the interconnected line. But the ability to damp the power flow oscillation will be decrease if the device is not installed in the interconnectedline. In this paper, TCSC is suggested to install in Fuzhou station.

B.Influence of the different position of SVC

There is an obviously influence to r a i e the functions of elz SVC when it is installed in different position, because the SVC can improve the stability of network through regulating the bus voltage and the influence on the stability of network is different among the different buses in the system. K e Fuzhou station is about a mid-point in the interconnected line of Fujian and Huadong. So Fuzhou station is the most suitable position for SVC to improve the stability of the interconnected line than other stations. If we installed two SVCs the same rating i total to n different stations, for example, in Fuzhou station and Xiamen station, the two SVCs with +lOOMVar are installed dividually. In this condition vary calculation results show that the bus

In the steady state, the TCSC could be used to regulate the bus voltage of Fuzhou station and damp the low frequency oscillation occurred in the interconnected line besides damping the power flow oscillation. And when the interconnectica is strengthen (such as laying new lines) and the power f l o w oscillation could not be a problem any more, the TCSC could be used to improve the capability of power flow transferring of this line. In the open power market in the future, it can also be used to control the exchange of power flow between the two networks.
VI. CONCLUSION From the calculation results and discussions above, the following conclusions will be achieved The stability of Fujian and the interconnected line is analyzed. The stability of the interconnected line between Fujian and Huadong can be improved either with TCSC or

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with SVC. The interconnected line is the weakest part when two systems have weak interconnected l i e . The stability of the whole system can be improved greatly if some measures are taken to improve the stability of the interconnected line. TCSC has good effect to damp the power flow oscillation occurred on the long interconnected line. But the good effect must be based on a suitable position and control system, and the variables of control system must be set properly. SVC has little effect to damp the big power f o lw oscillation on the interconnected line. But it can control the bus voltage in the network very well, and i this area it is n better than TCSC.

Use of Controllable Components, IEEE Trans. Powr Delivery, Vol. 9, No. 4,1994. (5) F.J. Swift. H.F. Wag, Application of the Controllable Series Compensator in Damping Power System Oscillations, E E Proc. 4ener. Tmsm. Distrib., Vol. 143, No.4,1996, pp. 359-364.

J .BIOGRAPHIES X
Jinfu Chea w s born in Fujian, China in 1972. H received his B.Eng a e degree from HUST in 1996. He currently is working his toward his Ph.D in HUST.His areas of intercst arc power flow control with FACTS devices and dynamic character analysis of FACTS devices.
Xingbua Wang was bom in Hubei, China i 1972. He received his B.Eng n degree from Tqinghua University in 1996 and M.S degree hom HUST in 1999. He currently works BS a lecture at HUST and his research areas are voltage stability and application of IT in the power system.

Vm.REFERENCE
[I] N.G Hinporani. High P o w Electronics and Flexible AC Transmission System, IEEE P o w Eng. REV. July 1988. [2] E.V.Lason, J.J. Sanchez-Gasca. J.H. Chow, Concepts for desigh of FACTS controllers to damp power swings, DEEE Trans. Power Systems,
Vol. 10.N0.2,1995,pp.948-956.

[3] A.E. Hammad, Analysis of powcr system stability enhancement by static Var compensators, IEEE Trans. Power Systems, PWRS-I, 1986, pp. 28-35. [4] M. Norwzian, G Andersson. Damping of Power System Oscillations by

Xianzhong Dum w s bom i Hunan. China in 1966. He received his B.Eng a n and Ph.D def b m Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST)in 1987 and 1992 respectively. He currently works as a professor in the same university. D .Dum is currently with the Department of Electrical r Engineering at HUST.His fields of interest include voltage stability, FACTS and application of IT in the power system.

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