Dick Bond

L1: The Cosmic Microwave Background & the Thermal History of the Universe

IT from BIT

NOW
Inflation fluctuations form: quantum jitter

14 Gyr 1
Galaxies Cluster Cosmic web of vast filaments + membranes

Pythagoras formed

10

-37

sec 1029
Solar system earth form

Protons/Neutrons form

Life forms on earth

Helium forms

100 sec 10

9 Gyr 1.4
Carbon/oxygen/etc form Galaxies form

Cosmic background radiation released from matter carries imprint of fluctuations in matter which grow to generate galaxies etc.

2 Gyr 4
The Meaning may change But the facts will remain

0.4 Myr 1100

IT from BIT
Inflation fluctuations form: quantum jitter

fate & dark energy fate & dark energy NOW 14 Gyr 1
Pythagoras formed
Galaxies Cluster Cosmic web of vast filaments + membranes

10

-37

sec 1029
Solar system earth form

Protons/Neutrons form

Life forms on earth

Helium forms

100 sec 10

9 Gyr 1.4
Carbon/oxygen/etc form Galaxies form

Cosmic background radiation released from matter carries imprint of fluctuations in matter which grow to generate galaxies etc.

2 Gyr 4
The Meaning may change But the facts will remain

0.4 Myr 1100

EGYPT TIMES Mar 31 2006 EGYPT TIMES Mar 31 2006 Canadians make it easy to say sorry Canadians make it easy to say sorry Legislation to allow Canadians to admit mistakes Legislation to allow Canadians to admit mistakes without litigation without litigation

CITA/CIAR here Bond Contaldi Lewis Sievers Pen Dalal Dalal Dore Dore

CMB/LSS Phenomenology
UofT here Netterfield MacTavish Carlberg Yee

CITA/CIAR there

Mivelle-Deschenes (IAS) Pogosyan (U of Alberta) Prunet (IAP) Myers (NRAO)

Kesden Kesden MacTavish MacTavish

Pfrommer Pfrommer Holder (McGill) & Exptal/Analysis/Phenomenology McDonald Hoekstra (UVictoria) Teams here & there Majumdar van Waerbeke (UBC) Boomerang03 Nolta Parameter datasets: CMBall_pol Cosmic Background Imager Iliev SDSS P(k), 2dF P(k) Acbar Kofman Weak lens (Virmos/RCS1; WMAP (Nolta, Dore) CFHTLS, RCS2) Vaudrevange CFHTLS WeakLens Lya forest (SDSS) Shirokov SN1a gold (157, 9 z>1), CFHT CFHTLS - Supernovae El Zant futures: SZ/opt, 21(1+z)cm RCS2 (RCS1; Virmos)

Boomerang Boomerang @150GHz is @150GHz is (nearly) (nearly) Gaussian: Gaussian: Simulated Simulated vs Real vs Real

thermodynamic thermodynamic CMB CMB temperature temperature fluctuations fluctuations 2.9% of sky 2.9% of sky ~ 30 ppm ~ 30 ppm

Sorry CITAzens: real seems to be simulated Sorry CITAzens: real seems to be simulated Boomerang, Cosmic Background Imager, WMAP3, Boomerang, Cosmic Background Imager, WMAP3, No wonder the LCDM concordance model looks so No wonder the LCDM concordance model looks so good good

Real is a mock: march 29, 2006 Real is a mock: march 29, 2006 a BLACK DAY for some CITAzens a BLACK DAY for some CITAzens

new deeply embedded analysis march 31, 2006 new deeply embedded analysis march 31, 2006 The wrinkled lightcone may not be LCDM The wrinkled lightcone may not be LCDM but a statistically anisotropic but well-known shape but a statistically anisotropic but well-known shape

The anisotropic lightcone led to a new model for the The anisotropic lightcone led to a new model for the power defining the current universe power defining the current universe
Pyramid power Pyramid power

Acknowledgment: Acknowledgment: realization realization Occurred at Khufus Occurred at Khufus place in Giza, the place in Giza, the chamber in the centre chamber in the centre of the great pyramid of the great pyramid March 31, 2006 March 31, 2006

But new realization now am on Egyptian time and But new realization now II am on Egyptian time and APRIL FOOLs ends at noon April 1 APRIL FOOLs ends at noon April 1 real is in fact real, for real is in fact real, for Boomerang, Cosmic Background Imager, WMAP3, Boomerang, Cosmic Background Imager, WMAP3, the LCDM concordance model does indeed look good the LCDM concordance model does indeed look good & the structure of the universe seems to be & the structure of the universe seems to be understandable in terms of a handful of basic understandable in terms of a handful of basic cosmological parameters, cosmological parameters, Baryon, dark matter, dark energy densities Baryon, dark matter, dark energy densities Power spectra for primordial fluctuations Power spectra for primordial fluctuations

The Parameters of Cosmic Structure Formation The Parameters of Cosmic Structure Formation WMAP3 WMAP3+CBIcombinedTT+CBIpol CMBall = Boom03pol+DASIpol +VSA+Maxima+WMAP3+CBIcombinedTT+CBIpol

bh2 = .0222 +- .0007 ch2 = .107 +- .007 = .75 +- .03

Parameters of Cosmic Structure Formation

Period of inflationary expansion, quantum noise metric perturb.

bh 2 dmh 2

c n s n t

As 8 At

Density of Cosmological of index of Spectral Scalar Amplitude Spectral to index Density of non-Optical DepthAmplitude Tensor What is the nearly scale invariant scalar perturbations Inflation predictsBackground Baryonic Matter Constant scalar tensor primordial primordial and background ofof the universe? Last Scattering gravitational waves curvature interacting Dark (Gravity Matter (compressional) Waves) Surface k > 0 closed Passive/adiabatic/coherent/gaussian perturbations perturbationsstars Whenperturbations did k = 0 flat Nice linear regime reionizes1 the k < 0 open nk) kn t Pk ( P(k)to describe the LSS h Boltzman equation + Einstein equations universe?

The Parameters of Cosmic Structure Formation The Parameters of Cosmic Structure Formation WMAP3 WMAP3+CBIcombinedTT+CBIpol CMBall = Boom03pol+DASIpol +VSA+Maxima+WMAP3+CBIcombinedTT+CBIpol

bh2 = .0222 +- .0007 ch2 = .107 +- .007 = .75 +- .03

Simple Torus (Euclidean)

Cosmic topology Multiply connected universe ?

MC spherical space (soccer ball) Compact hyperbolic space

WMAP3 thermodynamic CMB temperature fluctuations WMAP3 thermodynamic CMB temperature fluctuations

Co(s)mic Topology

No?
Non april fool Non april fool Is the universe like a Is the universe like a soccer ball? soccer ball? The CMB data The CMB data decides: decides:

COBE satellite 1989-1994

 Hot Big Bang

Picked up as TV snow - a few % 2.725 .001 degrees above absolute zero 410 photons per cubic centimetre Isotropic (smooth) to one part in 100,000

released as red light 400,000 yrs after the Big Bang, expansion of space stretched the wavelengths to microwave

Perfect Planck Curve (almost)

Discovery of the Microwave Background

Discovered accidentally as a source of noise in a radio receiver 1965 Bell Telephone Laboratories Penzias and Wilson share Nobel prize in 1978

Planck distribution function Planck distribution function = 1/(exp[q/(aT)] -1) ff = 1/(exp[q/(aT)] -1) Thermodynamic temperature T(q) from f(q) Thermodynamic temperature T(q) from f(q) d Number of photons = d Phase Space Volume d Number of photons = ff d Phase Space Volume = ff 2 d33q/(2)3 d33x = 2 d q/(2)3 d x d E/V = q / dq Planck energy curve d E/V = ff q33 /22dq Planck energy curve

Time derivative along the Sources, sinks, scattering processes Sources, sinks, scattering processes photon direction

when was the entropy generated in the U? when was the entropy generated in the U? * = 0.26 ev/cc 1+(7/8)(4/11)N4/3 x dE + p dV = T dS dN dE + p dV = T dS (( -- d N ))
1.04] total energy

n* = 410/cc,

Answer: earlier than redshift z ~ 106.8 earlier than redshift z ~ 106.8 Answer: LevKofman lectures Kofman lectures Lev or distortions in the CMB spectrum or distortions in the CMB spectrum (when was the baryon number generated? dB=0 after) (when was the baryon number generated? dB=0 after) s* /nb* =0.65 x 1010 (.02/bh2)) /nb* =0.65 x 1010 (.02/bh2 s*
cf. entropy per baryon in the centre of the sun ~19 In a pre-supernova core about to implode ~1
[1+(7/8)(4/11)N 1.04] total entropy [1+(7/8)(4/11)N xx1.04] total entropy

*h2 =2.45x10-5

Thermodynamic temperature T(q) Thermodynamic temperature T(q)

the Boltzmann transport equation for photons the Boltzmann transport equation for photons

Time derivative along the Sources, sinks, scattering processes Sources, sinks, scattering processes photon direction

Z ~ 1100, z~100, t~400000 yr, light crossing 300 Mpc Distortions in energy < .0001 (Compton cooling of electrons) Starlight+ (EBL): .06-.12 (>400 microns) ~ .001

Planck dist fn Planck dist fn max entropy max entropy for fixed for fixed energy energy Bose-Einstein Bose-Einstein dist fn dist fn max entropy max entropy for fixed for fixed energy and energy and number number z >~ z >~ (.02/bh2)1/2 (.02/bh2)1/2
but <

105.4 105.4

Compton Compton cooling cooling distortion distortion from hot gas from hot gas (intraclusters) (intraclusters) SunyaevSunyaevZeldovich Zeldovich effect effect z <~ z <~ (.02/bh2)1/2 (.02/bh2)1/2
104.9 104.9

Secondary Anisotropies and foregrounds

COBE Mission
COsmic Background Explorer First satellite mission to measure CMB Launched in 1989 Collected data for four years Passively cooled First anisotropy detection announced in 1992

CMB
Nearly Perfect Blackbody
T=2.725 .001 K COBE/FIRAS

Dipole: flow of the earth in the CMB

CMB + Galactic @7o

COBE/DMR:

The CMB shows the hot big bang paradigm The CMB shows the hot big bang paradigm holds, with: holds, with: no big energy injection at z<106.8 (cosmic no big energy injection at z<106.8 (cosmic photosphere). Limits hydro role in structure photosphere). Limits hydro role in structure formation formation CMB comes from afar (Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect CMB comes from afar (Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect from distant clusters z>0.8) from distant clusters z>0.8) 300 km/s earth flow, 600 km/s Local Group flow 300 km/s earth flow, 600 km/s Local Group flow gravitational instability, hierarchical Large gravitational instability, hierarchical Large Scale Structure, predominantly adiabatic mode Scale Structure, predominantly adiabatic mode a dark age from hydrogen recombination a dark age from hydrogen recombination (z1100) to reionization (z~10-20) (z1100) to reionization (z~10-20) (nearly) Gaussian initial conditions

Recombination Recombination Of Hydrogen Of Hydrogen

~1010 photons per baryon ~1010 photons per baryon

Lower temperature ~ 3000K cf. 10000K Lower temperature ~ 3000K cf. 10000K Novel: redshift from the wings of Lyman Novel: redshift from the wings of Lyman alpha 2p to 1s line & 2s to 1s + 0.12 sec alpha 2p to 1s line & 2s to 1s + ,, 0.12 sec Known since late sixties, modify for dark Known since late sixties, modify for dark matter 80s, more H lines 90s matter 80s, more H lines 90s Of Helium (90s) Of Helium (90s)