GAS INSULATED SUBSTATION.pptx (Size: 4.

78 MB / Downloads: 1897) GAS INSULATED SUBSTATION INTRODUCTION Conventional substations requires, small installation size, protection against atmospheric pollution and moisture, noiseless operation, nonexplosive and flame resistant, reduced maintenance, minimal radio interference, but totally enclosed substations using SF6 gas as insulation that are also known as GIS is now in widespread use in the electrical power industry . It consist of Bus bars Circuit breakers Disconnecting switches Earthing switches Current transformers Voltage transformers Densimeter Cable and boxes Gas supply and gas monitoring equipment Local control Circuit Breaker Under short circuit conditions, however, the current may reach tens of thousands of amperes at a power factor as low as 0.1. It is duty of a circuit breaker to interrupt such currents as soon as possible to avoid equipment damage. Disconnectors Disconnectors or isolators are used for electrical isolation of circuit parts They are slow acting and operating at off load Disconnectors must be carefully designed and tested to be able to break small charging current without generating too-high over voltage, Local Control Cubicles LCC LCC is the interface cubicles to all secondary systems of a substation which are represent a station control and protection. LCC includes control and alarm functions as well as the correct distribution of auxiliary power supply for the relevant GIS bay. Earthing Switch Slow-operating earthing switch are used for protection purpose when work is being done in the substation, but are operated only when it is certain that the high-voltage system is not energized. The fast-closing earthing switch can close against full voltage and short circuit power. The high speed earthing switch is achieved by means of a spring-closing device. Voltage Transformer

Variable location on feeder and busbars. Integrated disconnecting facility for GIS and power cable testing without dismantling and gas handling. Flexible gas compartment allocation for optimal service oriented gas supervision. Current Transformer in the single phase enclosed Core of CT is located outside the enclosure$inside for three phase Gas compartment to reduce access of moisture and to suppress gas-tight bushings for secondary connections. Cables Compartment 1. Optimized solution for plug-in type power cable connection. 2. Adjustable support structures for minimum requirements for the GIS floor. 3. Fixation to the GIS floor by cemented anchor bolts, no need for special foundation (steel beams.etc) PROPERTIES OF SF6 SF6 does not harm to the ozone layer. Sf6 gas is chemically stable Non poisonous Colourless&heavier than air Almost water insoluble Non inflammable ADVANTAGES Gis have no risks for fire&explosion due to leakage of oil They generate no noise&have no radio interference Located closure to load centers there by reducing transmission&distribution s\ms It offer solutions including -In industrial areas where space&pollution problems -Mountain areas where ice&snow are major problems DISADVANTAGES GIS installations tend to be much more expensive that air-insulated installations with the same rating. VFTO during switching operations or earth faults and transient enclosure voltages and particle contamination APPLICATIONS High voltage installations (above 115kv) Urban installations Indoor installations

GAS INSULATED TRANSFORMER Use SF6 Gas as the insulating and cooling medium instead of insulating oil. First units produced in 1967. Transformer applications: Distribution class units up to 400 MVA, 345 kV. Primarily used in substations located in urban areas (including inside buildings, underground) due to safety benefits. GAS INSULATED SWITCH GEAR The space occupied by switch gear is greatly reduced Totally unaffected by atmospheric conditions Provides high degree of operational reliability Easier to install in difficult site conditions GAS INSULATED SHUNT REACTOR Features Suitable for installation Excellent history of reliability and safety Fine radial core Circular yoke and circular tank Low loss Easy maintenance Manufacturing Range Voltage-13.8 ~ 138kV Frequency-50 or 60Hz Capacity-5 ~ 60Mvar FUTURE TRENDS IN GAS INSULATED SUBSTATIONS Compact design of switch gear by using three phase modules Use of vacuum circuit breaker cells in the medium high voltage GIS and fewer brakes per pole in high voltage circuit breakers Optimization of GIS design to allow easier maintenance CONCLUSION GIS are necessary for EHV&UHV and some important areas to be studied include more conservative designs better particle control&improved gas handling&decomposition product management techniques Achieving&maintaining high levels of availability requires a more integrated approach to quality control by both users and manufactures Reference: http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-gas-insulated-substation-fullreport#ixzz1k57UAzCA
GAS INSULATED SUBSTATION Introduction R It is a one type of switchgear. R The term switchgear, used in association with the electric power system, or grid, refers to the

combination of electrical disconnects. R There are 3 types of switchgear.i.e 1. AIS 2. HYBRIT GIS R GIS R Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) is a compact,multicomponent assembly enclosed in a ground metallic housing in which the primary insulating medium is compressedSulphur hexafluoride (SF6)gas. R SF6acts as an insulation between live parts & the earthed metal closure. R Gas insulated switchgear is used in industrial areas to fulfil high-energy demands by space saving design with a minimum of cost R SF6 switchgear installed in Canada in a 550 kV substation with 100 kA R Comparison between AIS &GIS AIS R Air-insulated substation:- An electric power substation that has the busbars and equipment terminations generally open to air. R It utilizes insulation properties of ambient air for insulation to ground. R Very fast electromagnetic transients (VFT) in air insulated substations (AIS) R Air Insulated Substation (AIS) makes it possible to install High Voltage substations that take-up less space R These are more cost-efficient than conventionally designed outdoor infrastructures. R Image of AIS R Hybrid Gas Insulated Switchgear R Small equipment cost. R It takes less area. R High reliability similar to GIS substation. R Easy extension. R It is a combination of AIS and GIS. R GIS R Gas Insulated Substations (GIS) is a compact,multicomponent assembly enclosed in a ground metallic housing in which the primary insulating medium is compressedSulphur hexafluoride (SF6)gas. R SF6acts as an insulation between live parts & the earthed metal closure. R Gas insulated substations are particularly suitable for underground construction beneath public buildings. R Gas insulated substation mainly used for a power transmission system or a sub-station system, of which outgoing bus bar is shortened to reduce consumption of the outgoing bus bar R Sulfur Hexafluoride R A colorless, odorless, non-toxic, liquified gas. Shipped as a liquid under its own vapor pressure. R Sulfur Hexafluoride gas, which is itself inert. R It disassociates in the presence of an RF field to form reactive fluorine ions. R SF6acts as an insulation between live parts & the earthed metal closure.

R The dielectric strength of SF6 gas at atmospheric pressure is approximately three times that of air. R pace requirement is only 10 to 25 percent of what is required is a conventional substation. R SF6 can be prepared from the elements through exposure of S8 to F2. This is also the method used by the discoverers Henri Moissan and Paul Lebeau in 1901 R It does not react with molten sodium, but reacts exothermically with lithium. R Of the 8,000 tons of SF6 produced per year, most (6,000 tons) is used as a gaseous dielectric medium in the electrical industry, R it has a much higher dielectric strength than air or dry nitrogen. R This property makes it possible to significantly reduce the size of electrical gear. R Properties R Molecular formula SF6 R Molar mass 146.06 g/mol, R Density 6.164 g/L (gas, 1 bar) 1.329 g/ml (liquid, 25 C) 2.510 g/cm3 (solid, 50.8 C) R Melting point- 50.7 C (triple point) R Boiling point 64 C (209 K) (subl.) decomp. at ca. 500 C (773 K) R Solubility in waterslightly soluble R Solubility in ethanolsoluble R Specification of GIS R The weight and size of the GIS equipment do not change appreciably with the voltage class. R The additional insulation required for the next voltage class is achieved by increased gas density. R Owing to these flexibilities, a few manufacturers offer the same equipment for two voltage classes (like 170/145 kV). R Even when the GIS equipment is designed for an individual voltage class, the dimensions and weights of the equipment differ marginally. R Component of GIS R Bus bars. R Circuit Breakers. R Disconnecting switches. R Earthing switches. R Current transformer. R Voltage transformers. R Cable and boxes. R Gas supply and gas monitoring equipment. R Circuit Breakers R A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect from damage caused by overload or short circuit. R Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately

discontinue electrical flow. R Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then has to be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. R Current interruption in a high-voltage circuit-breaker is obtained by separating two contacts in a medium, such as SF6, having excellent dielectric and arc quenching properties. R After contact separation, current is carried through an arc and the arc is interrupted & cooled by a gas blast of sufficient intensity. R Current transformer R Current transformer (CT) is used for measurement of electric currents. R Current transformers are also known as instrument transformers. R Current transformers are commonly used in metering and protective relays in the electrical power industry. R Voltage transformers R Voltage transformers (VTs), also referred to as Potential transformers" (PTs), are used in high-voltage circuits. R They are designed to present a negligible load to the supply being measured, to allow protective relay equipment to be operated at lower voltages, and to have a precise winding ratio for accurate metering Disconnecting switches R Disconnector switches are safety devices used to open or to close a circuit when there is no current through them. R These are used to isolate a part of a circuit, a machine, a part of an overhead line or an underground line so that maintenance can be safely conducted. R The opening of the line isolator or busbar section isolator is necessary for safety, but not sufficient. R Life cycle cost AIS GIS R Planning and engineering 100% 80% R Real estate 100% 40% R Primary equipment 100% 120% R Secondary equipment 100% 100% R Earthwork, civil work 100% 60% R Electrical assembly 100% 70% R Maintenance 100% 50% R Outage 100% 50% R Life cycle costs after 10 years 100% 70%

Reference: http://www.seminarprojects.com/Thread-gas-insulated-substation-fullreport?page=3#ixzz1kBYvWRAr