Communication Management

Connection management (call control CC) for CS mode

Session management (SM) for PS mode

References: Kaaranen, Ahtiainen, Laitinen, Naghian, Niemi: UMTS Networks Architecture, Mobility and Services. Wiley 2001, ch. 5.3 3G 23.060 GPRS, Service Description, ch. 9 3G 24.007 Mobile radio interface signalling layer 3, General aspects
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel 16-Nov-04 1

Fundamental Difference Between CS and PS Communication

Connection (e.g. voice, CS data) clearly defined start and end no burstiness
connection setup connection release

Differences require different solutions to mobility mgmt and communication mgmt

minutes

Packet session (e.g. web surfing) start and end times are typically unknown to the UMTS system traffic is highly bursty
hours

seconds
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel 16-Nov-04 2

Connection Management CS Mode

Basic activities of connection management number analysis (check called number for correctness, check of call barring of calling number) set up of connection (according to routing rules) collection of charging information release of connection Types of calls normal voice call emergency call data call (FAX, etc.)

UMTS Networks

Andreas Mitschele-Thiel

16-Nov-04

Connection Management
Access Domain
MOC

MSC/VLR

Other Elements
PTC

Connection Management
MTC POC

A call consists of several call legs (parts of the call) Mobile Originated Call (MOC) Mobile Terminated Call (MTC) PSTN Originated Call (POC) PSTN Terminated Call (PTC)
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel 16-Nov-04 4

Connection Management
Network Interworking echo cancelation (2/4-line conversion echo, acustic echo) modems and rate adapters Charging Collection of charging information for each leg due to UMTS commercial model (subscriber, network operator, service provider, content provider) Fraud control between serving and home network Cost control by charged party Itemized billing
Call Detail Record (CDR) Charged party Terminal identity and class called address Used 3G resources QoS parameters Serving 3G network and network element identities Time stamps MM information CDR identity
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel 16-Nov-04 5

Call Control of Mobile-Terminated Call (CS)

UMTS Networks

Andreas Mitschele-Thiel

16-Nov-04

Service graph of Call Control entity - Network side

(excerpt)
MNCC-SETUP-REQ 0 MNCC-REJ-IND MNCCREL-CNF NULL MNCCDISCIND MNCC-SETUP-REQ MNCC-REJ-IND

CALL INIT

19

RELEASE REQUEST MNCC-REL REQ

MNCCRELIND

CALL PRESENT MNCCCALLCONFIND

MNCC-CALL PROC-REQ MNCCPROGRESSREQ

11 DISCONNECT REQUEST 3 NO CALL PROCEEDING MNCCALERTREQ 4 CALL DILIVERED MNCCSETUPRSP MNCCDISCIND STATES 4,6,8,9,10

12 DISONNECT INDICATION

MNCCALERTIND

MNCCDISCREQ

9 MT CALL CONFIRMED MNCCALERTIND 7 CALL RECEIVED MNCCSETUP-CNF 8 CONNECT REQUEST

MNCCSETUPCNF

28 CONNECT INDICATION

Output des Automaten: Request (REQ), Response (RSP) Input des Automaten: Indication (IND), Confirmation (CNF)
MNCCFACILITYIND ANY STATE EXCEPT 0 ANY STATE

10 ACTIVE

MNCC-SETUP-COMPL-REQ

MNCCRELIND

ANY STATE EXCEPT 0,19

MNCCFACILITY REQ

UMTS Networks

Andreas Mitschele-Thiel

16-Nov-04

Service graph of Call Control entity - MS side

(excerpt)
MNCC-SETUP-REQ 0 MNCC-REJ-IND NULL MNCCRELCNF MNCCRELIND MNCC-DISCREQ 11 DISCONNECT REQUEST MNCCDISCREQ 19 MNCC-SETUP-IND MNCC-REJ-REQ

1 CALL INIT MNCC-CALL PROC-IND MNCCPROGRESSIND

RELEASE REQUEST MNCCDISCIND

CALL PRESENT MNCC-CAL CONF-REQ MT CALL CONFIRMED

MNCCDISCIND 12

MNCC-RELREQ DISONNECT INDICATION MNCCDISCIND 7

3 NO CALL PROCEEDING MNCCALERTIND 4

CALL DELIVERED

9 MNCCALERTREQ CALL RECEIVED MNCCSETUP-RSP

MNCC-RELREQ RELEASE REQUEST

STATES 3,4,7,8,9,10

MNCCSETUPRSP

19

MNCCSETUPCNF

MNCC-SETUPCOMPL-IND (ERR)

8 CONNECT REQUEST MNCC-SETUPCNF 10 ACTIVE MNCC-SETUP-COMP-IND

MNCCFACILITYIND

ANY STATE EXCEPT 0

ANY STATE

MNCCRELIND

ANY STATE EXCEPT 0,19

MNCCFACILITY REQ

UMTS Networks

Andreas Mitschele-Thiel

16-Nov-04

Session Management PS Mode

States of SM (state of PDP contexts) inactive: no packet data transfer, no valid routing information active: packet data transfer possible, valid routing information Support for various packet data protocols (PDP) Examples: IP, PPP, X.25 Attributes of packet session: PDP context defines all paramters of the packet data session by end-to-end attributes and QoS one PDP context per PS services with a certain QoS, e.g. for web serving, streaming video, packet voice, etc.

UMTS Networks

Andreas Mitschele-Thiel

16-Nov-04

Session Management: States of PDP Context

GPRS subscription A GPRS subscription contains the subscription of one or more PDP addresses Each PDP address is described by one or more PDP contexts in the MS, SGSN, and GGSN Each PDP context is associated with A QoS profile a traffic flow template (TFT) to discriminate flows sharing the same PDP address Every PDP context exists independently in one of two PDP states PDP state active PDP state inactive The PDP state indicates whether data transfer is enabled for that PDP address and TFT or not

PDP address

PDP context

Reference: 3G 23.060, ch 9
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel 16-Nov-04 10

Field IMSI

Description International Mobile Subscriber Identity. Network layer Service Access Point Identifier. The basic MSISDN of the MS. PDP type; e.g. PPP or IP. PDP address; e.g. an IP address. Indicates whether PDP Address is static or dynamic. The APN Network Identifier currently used. Tunnel Endpoint Identifier. Traffic flow template. The quality of service profile negotiated. The IP address of the SGSN currently serving this MS. Indicates whether the MS is marked as not reachable for PS at the HLR. Indicates if the SGSN is performing database recovery. GTP-U sequence number of the next downlink N-PDU to be sent to the SGSN. GTP-U sequence number of the next uplink N-PDU to be received from the SGSN. Charging identifier, identifies charging records generated by SGSN and GGSN. The charging characteristics for this PDP context, e.g. normal, prepaid, flat-rate, and/or hot billing. Identifies a record or a collection of records for a particular trace. Indicates the type of trace. Identifies the entity that initiated the trace. Identifies the OMC that shall receive the trace record(s).
Andreas Mitschele-Thiel 16-Nov-04

GSM X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

UMTS X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
11

PDP context fields maintained by GGSN for a PDP Address

NSAPI MSISDN PDP Type PDP Address Dynamic Address APN in Use TEID TFT QoS Profile Negotiated SGSN Address MNRG

Source: 3GPP 23.060-4.1.0, Ch 13

Recovery GTP-SND GTP-SNU Charging Id Charging Characteristics Trace Reference Trace Type Trigger Id OMC Identity

UMTS Networks

Session Management: States of PDP Context

Inactive state: no valid routing or mapping information to process data related to PDP address -> no data transfer -> no updates due to location changes (even in GPRS-attached state) PDP context activation (transition to active state): MS-initiated PDP context activation network-requested PDP context activation

PDP Context INACTIVE Activate PDP Context Deactivate PDP Context or PMM-DETACHED

PDP Context ACTIVE

Reference: 3G 23.060, ch 9
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel 16-Nov-04 12

Session Management: States of PDP Context

Active state: valid routing or mapping information to process data related to PDP address (MS, SGSN, GGSN) Requires MM state PMM-idle or PMM-connected -> data transfer possible -> updates due to location changes PDP context deactivation: PDP context deactivation procedure MM state changes to PMMdetached PDP context modification, e.g. to modify QoS profile
Andreas Mitschele-Thiel 16-Nov-04 13

PDP Context INACTIVE Activate PDP Context Deactivate PDP Context or PMM-DETACHED

PDP Context ACTIVE

Reference: 3G 23.060, ch 9
UMTS Networks

Relation between PDP Context and MM

GPRS subscription

Relation between MM and PDP states: All PDP contexts of a subscriber are associated with the same MM context for the IMSI of that subscriber

PDP address Single MM context PDP PDP context context

PDP context

PDP context

The MM state is independent of the number and state of PDP contexts for the subscriber In both the PMM-IDLE and the PMM-CONNECTED states, session management may or may not have activated a PDP context
16-Nov-04 14

PDP state active

PDP state inactive

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Andreas Mitschele-Thiel

Example of States During Packet Flow

RRC
idle Cell_ DCH Cell_DCH Cell_DCH Cell_DCH Cell_DCH URA_PCH

PMM
detached detached connected connected connected connected connected

SM
inactive inactive inactive active active active active

UE

UTRAN SGSN

GGSN

RRC conn. establishment GPRS attach (incl. authentication & security) PDP context establishment (UE originated) RAB allocation CN bearer allocation

Packet data transfer RAB clearing CN bearer clearing

...
UE initiated service request RAB allocation CN bearer allocation

Cell_FACH Cell_DCH Cell_DCH URA_PCH

connected connected connected connected

active active active active

Packet data transfer RAB clearing

...

CN bearer clearing

For details see Kaaranen, ch 5.3.2

Andreas Mitschele-Thiel 16-Nov-04 15

UMTS Networks

Example of States During Packet Flow

RRC
URA_PCH

PMM
connected

SM
active

UE

UTRAN SGSN

GGSN

...
(packet) paging UE initiated service request RAB allocation CN bearer allocation incoming data

Cell_FACH Cell_DCH Cell_DCH Cell_DCH URA_PCH

connected connected connected connected connected

active active active active active

Packet data transfer RAB clearing CN bearer clearing

...
PDP context deactivation and IMSI detach PDP ctxt deletion RRC connection release

Cell_DCH Cell_DCH idle

connected connected detached

active inactive inactive

(contd)

Instead of cell_DCH, cell_FACH may be used for small messages

Andreas Mitschele-Thiel 16-Nov-04 16

UMTS Networks

Service Request Procedures

Usage of procedure: MS in PMM-IDLE state: -> request the establishment of a secure connection to a SGSN to send uplink signalling messages (e.g. PDP Context Activation Request) or to send user data or as paging response or after regain of radio coverage MS in PMM-CONNECTED state: -> request resource reservation for active PDP contexts

Source: 3GPP 23.060-4.1.0, Ch 6.12

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel 16-Nov-04 17

Service Request Procedure Initiated by MS

MS RNC SGSN
If none exists for CS

HLR

GGSN

1. RRC Connection Request 1. RRC Connection Setup

2. Service Request 3. Security Functions

4. Service Accept

4. Radio Access Bearer Assignment Request 5. Radio Bearer Setup 6. Radio Bearer Setup Complete 6. Radio Access Bearer Assignment Response

For PMM-idle mode only

7. SGSN-Initiated PDP Context Modification 8. Uplink PDU

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For service type data only

Service type: data setup of signaling connection allocation of resources for active PDP context(s) Service type: signaling setup of signaling connection, e.g. to activate PDP context

Service Request Procedure Initiated by Network

MS RNC SGSN
1. Downlink PDU

HLR

GGSN

2. Paging 2. Paging
3. RRC Connection Request 3. RRC Connection Setup

4. Service Request
5. Security Functions 6. Radio Access Bearer Assignm ent Request

6. Radio Bearer Setup

6. Radio Bearer Setup Com plete

6. Radio Access Bearer Assignm ent Response

3G-SGSN sends a paging request to UTRAN when it receives a downlink packet (e.g., a request for PDP context activation, MT SMS, user data) for an MS in PMM-IDLE state The paging request triggers the Service Request procedure in the MS

7. SGSN-Initiated PDP Context Modification Procedure 8. Downlink PDU

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NAS Protocol Architecture Supporting PS Mode, Source: 3GPP 24.007, Ch 5 MS side

R A B 1-S A P R A B 2-S A P
R A B n-S A P

S M R E G -S A P

M N S M S -S A P

M N S M S -S A P

RABM
RAB C ontrol RAB E ntity n

R A B M S M -S A P

CM

RAB E ntity R A B 1 E ntity 2

SE SSIO N M ANAGEM ENT

PD P
G M M R A B M _S A P

GSM S
TI
GM M REGSAP

Suplem en. Services (SS)

TI
G M M S S -S A P

G M M S M -S A P

P M M S M S -S A P

M M -sublayer
GMM

PD

P D C P 1-S A P

P D C P 2-S A P

P D C P n-S A P

R A B M A S -S A P

G M M A S -S A P

A ccess Stratum sublayer

PD C P
BMC

RRC

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16-Nov-04

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NAS Protocol Architecture Supporting CS/PS Source: 3GPP 24.007, Ch 5 Mode, MS side

RAB1-SAP RAB2-SAP

RABn-SAP

CM

SMREG-SAP

MNSMS-SAP

MNCC-SAP

MNSS-SAP

RABM SM RAB Entity RAB 1 Entity RAB 2 Entity n

RABMSM-SAP

GSMS

CC

SS

RAB Control

PDP

TI

TI
MMSMSSAP

TI
MMCC-SAP GMMSS2SAP

TI

TI

GMMREG PMMSMS GMMSMSGMMSM- -SAP -SAP SAP SAP

GMMSSSAP MMSSSAP

MM-sublayer GMM
GMM coord MM coord

MM PD

GMMRABM-SAP

PD

PDCP1-SAP

PDCP2-SAP

PDCPn-SAP

RABMAS-SAP

GMMAS-SAP

RR-SAP

Access Stratum sublayer PDCP BMC RRC

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16-Nov-04

21