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Contents

1. Beam to Column Connection


1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6

General
Equivalent -stub
Welds
Moment resistance
Shear resistance
Rotational stiffness

2. Input data of the connection


2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4

Data of Column
Data of Beam
Connection Details
Bolts

3. Strength Results - Node : 1 LC : 1


3.1 Applied Moments and Forces
3.2 Stiffness Results
3.3 Column's Web in shear - Full Results
3.4 Column's Web In Compression - Full Results
3.5 Beams Flange And Web In Compression - Full Results
3.6 Column's Flange in Bending - Full Results
3.7 Column's Web In Tension - Full Results
3.8 End Plate in Bending - Full Results
3.9 Beams Web In Tension - Full Results
3.10 Strength Results (My)
3.11 Connection's Final Strength
3.12 Strength Results (Vz)
3.13 Connection's Final Strength (V)
3.14 Strength of the Welds

4. Summary
4.1 Summary Table
4.2 Legend

1. Beam to Column Connection


1.1 General
This category includes beam to column moment connections. The
connection types that the program covers are the following:
Welded beam to column connection.

Bolted beam to column connection.


Bolted beam to column connection with angle cleats.

The solution of the above referred connections is based on the "basic


component method". This method calculates the connection final
strength from the resistances of it's "basic components".
The "basic components" for these connections are:
a) Column web panel in shear

For a single sided or double sided joint in which the beam depths are
similar the shear resistance of an unstiffened web column web panel
obtained from the relation :
VWp,Rd =(0.9 fy,wc Avc ) /v3 mo
( J 3.5.1.)
When the column web is reinforced by adding supplementary web
plates or transverse stiffeners, the shear area or the resistance in shear
accordingly are properly increased.
b) Column web in compression

The resistance of an unstiffened column web subject to transverse


compression obtained from the relation:
Fc, wc , Rd = beff,c wc * twc*fy,wc kwc / o ( J 3.5.2.)
c) Column web in tension

The resistance of an unstiffened column web subject to transverse


tension obtained from the relation:
Ft , wc , Rd = beff,t,wc *twc * fy,wc / mo( J 3.5.3.)
where is the reduction factor to allow for the possible effects of shear
in the column web panel.
d) Column flange in bending

In case of an unstiffened column flange at an welded join the resistance


in bending should be obtained using the relation :
Ffc,Rd = beff,b,Fc * tFb*fy,Fb / mo ( J 3.5.4.1)
In the case of a bolted connection the resistance and the failure mode
of the column flange in bending together with the associated bolts in
tension is considered similar to those of an equivalent T-stub for both:
each individual bolt-row required to resist tension
each group of bolt-rows required to resist tension
e) End plate in bending

The resistance and the failure mode of an end plate in bending


together with the associated bolts in tension is considered similar to
those of an equivalent T-stub for both:
each individual bolt-row required to resist tension
each group of bolt-rows required to resist tension
In the case of beam to column connection with angle cleats the specific
check is replaced by the angle cleat in bending check which also follows
the methodology of the equivalent T-stub.
f)

Beam flange and web in compression

The resistance of the beam flange and the adjacent compression zone
of the beam web is obtained by the formula:
Fc,fb,Rd = Mb,Rd / ( h - tFb )
( J 3.5.7)
g) Beams web in tension

In the case of bolted connection the resistance of the beam's web in


tension is obtained by the formula:
Ft,wb,Rd = beff,t,wb * twb * fy,wb / mo
( J 3.5.8)
Where the effective width beff,t,wb of the web is taken as equal to the
effective length of the equivalent T-stub representing the end plate in
bending.

1.2 Equivalent -stub


As said before the modeling of the equivalent T-stub is used in order to
calculate the resistance of some of the connection's "basic
components". The components of the connection are modeled as Tstubs and examined individually or as bolt groups.
Three possible modes of failure are taken into account which are the
following:
a) Complete yielding of the flange

FT, Rd =

4 Mpl1, Rd
m

b) Bolt failure with yielding of the flange

FT, Rd =

c)

2 Mpl2, Rd + n Bt, Rd
m+n

Bolt failure

FT, Rd = Bt, Rd

1.3 Welds
In addition to the checks of the "basic components" for the welded and
bolted with end plate beam to column connections ,the check of the
resistance of the welds between the beam and the column or the end
plate accordingly is being performed, using the following formulas (EC3
Annex M):
2 + 3 ( 2 + // 2 ) fu /( w Mw )
fu / Mw

where :
- = N sd /Aw + y,sd / wy + Mz,sd / wz
= Vz,sd / A w
// = Vy,sd / A w

1.4 Moment resistance


The final moment resistance of the connection is obtained from the
formula:
M j, Rd = hr Ftr, Rd
r
where :
Ftr,Rd id the effective tension resistance of bolt row r
h r is the distance of the bolt row r from the center of the
compression

1.5 Shear resistance


Concerning the resistance of the connection in shear the following
checks are performed:
a)
resistance of the bolts in shear
b)
resistance of the blades in bearing
c)
resistance in slipping (prestressed bolts)
The strength of a bolt in shear is being calculated by using the following
EC3 formulas :
0,6 fnb fs
fv, Rd =
mb
, for 4.6 / 5.6 / 8.8 bolt qualities
0,5 fnb fs
fv, Rd =
mb
, for 4.8 / 5.8 / 10.9 bolt qualities
0,6 fnb f
fv, Rd =
mb
, for all the bolt qualities when the shear plane passes
through the unthreaded portion of the bolt
The strength of the steel blades (end plate - column's flange) in bearing
is being calculated by using the formula :
2,5 fnb t
fb, Rd =
mb
The contribution of one bolt to the strength of the connection in slipping
is being calculated by using the following EC3 formula :
k s n fp, Cd
fs, Rd =
ms
The strength in shear of the bolts that are simultaneously tensioned
and sheared is being reduced as follows:
Fv, Sd
Ft, Sd
+
1.0, for not prestressed bolts
Fv, Rd 1.4 Ft, Rd

k n (FP,Cd 0.8 * Ft,Sd,ser )


fs, Rd, ser = s
, for prestressed bolts (category B)
M, ser
k n (FP,Cd 0.8 * Ft,Sd )
fs, Rd = s
, for prestressed bolts (category C)
M, ult
The resistance in shear for each bolt row is the minimum result of the
above checks and the final resistance of the connection in shear is
found by adding the resistances of all the bolt rows of the connection.

1.6 Rotational stiffness


The procedure of the solution is described in the Annex J of EC3 in the
paragraph J.4. The rotational stiffness of the joint is determined by the
flexibility of the "basic components" through the elastic stiffness
coefficient ki as shows the next EC3 formula :
Sj =

where:

E z2
1

i ki

(J.34)

kj is the stiffness coefficient of the "basic component" i


z is the lever arm
is the fraction of the stiffness Sj,ini/Sj
Sj,ini is the initial rotation stiffness given by the same expression
(J.34) with =1.0
When elastic global analysis is used the joints should be classified
according to their stiffness.
In the case of a semi-rigid joint its rotational stiffness should be taken
as equal to the value of Sj.
As a simplification the rotational stiffness may be taken equal to:

SJ,ini when MJ,Sd does not exceed 2/3 MJ,Rd

SJ,ini/n when MJ,Sd exceeds 2/3 MJ,Rd

Simplified bi-linear design moment-rotation characteristic


Steel connections program calculates both values of SJ and SJ,ini.
The beam to column joints are classified as rigid, nominally pined or
semi-rigid according to its stiffness through the comparison of their
rotational stiffness SJ,ini and the boundaries given by EC3 Annex J which

are:
Braced frames
Zone 1: rigid, if SJ,ini 8EI/Lb
Zone 2: semi-rigid
Zone 3: nom.pinned , if SJ,ini 0.5EI/Lb
0.5EI/Lb

Unbraced frames
Zone 1: rigid, if SJ,ini 25EI/Lb
Zone 2: semi-rigid
Zone 3: nom.pinned, if SJ,ini

Boundaries for stiffness clasification of beam to column joints

2. Input data of the connection

2.1. Data of Column


Type.............................................................
..... HEM260
Steel
grade............................................................
Fe510
Height...........................................................
........ 290 mm
Width............................................................
........ 268 mm
Web
thickness...........................................................
.. 18 mm
Flange
thickness........................................................
32.5 mm

2.2. Data of Beam


Type.............................................................
..... IPE360
Steel

grade............................................................
Fe510
Height...........................................................
........ 360 mm
Width............................................................
........ 170 mm
Web
thickness...........................................................
... 8 mm
Flange
thickness........................................................
12.7 mm

2.3. Connection Details


Connection type................. Beam to column con. welded or
with end plate
Number of
Beams............................................................ 2
Steel
grade............................................................
Fe510
End plate's
Height....................................................... 780
mm
End plate's
Width........................................................ 220
mm
End plate's
Thickness..................................................... 40
mm
Distance from top of end plate to top of
beam............................. 95 mm
Weld thickness
Af.......................................................... 8 mm
Weld thickness
Aw.......................................................... 8 mm
Stiffener's Width
b..................................................... 76,0 mm
Stiffener's Thickness
t................................................... 25 mm
Haunch...........................................................
........ YES
Haunche's
Height......................................................... 200
mm
Haunche's
Length......................................................... 200
mm

2.4. Bolts
Bolts

type...............................................................
M27
Bolt's steel
grade...................................................... 10,9
Number of bolt
rows........................................................ 7
Number of bolt
columns..................................................... 2
Distance
W...............................................................
110 mm
Edge
distance............................................................
. 55 mm
Distance
H(1)............................................................
100 mm
Distance
H(2).............................................................
75 mm
Distance
H(3).............................................................
75 mm
Distance
H(4).............................................................
75 mm
Distance
H(5)............................................................
130 mm
Distance
H(6)............................................................
200 mm
Top edge
distance.........................................................
55 mm
Bottom edge
distance...................................................... 70
mm

3. Strength Results - Node : 1 LC : 1

3.1. Applied Moments and Forces


Moment Up (KNm) = 0,00
Shear Up = 0,00
Axial Up = 0,00
Moment left(KNm) = 545,20
Shear left = -244,10
Axial left = 0,00
Moment right(KNm) = -545,40
Shear right = 244,10
Axial right = 0,00
Moment Down(KNm) = 0,00
Shear Down = 0,00
Axial Down = 0,00

3.2. Stiffness Results

K1
=...................................................................
.... K2
=...................................................................
.... K3(6)
=................................................................
11,99
K4(6)
=...................................................................
. K5(6)
=...............................................................
177,73
K10(6)
=................................................................
7,34
K3(7)
=................................................................
11,99
K4(7)
=...................................................................
. K5(7)
=................................................................
61,68
K10(7)
=................................................................

7,34
Keq
=...................................................................
8,36
Zone
=...................................................................
.. 1

3.3. Column's Web in shear - Full Results


Not checked because Beta = 0 (no shear in web panel)

3.4. Column's Web In Compression - Full Results


TwcEff...........................................................
....... 0,00 mm
BeffComp.........................................................
....... 0,00 mm
LamdaP...........................................................
....... 0,00
Omega............................................................
....... 0,00
Sigma,comp.......................................................
....... 0,00 MPa
Kwc..............................................................
....... 0,00
FcwcRd...........................................................
....... 0,00

3.5. Beams Flange And Web In Compression - Full Results


Av,b.............................................................
....... 0,00 mm
VplbRd...........................................................
....... 0,00 kN
McRd.............................................................
....... 0,00 kNmm
FcfbRd...........................................................
....... 0,00 kN
FcfbRd(6)........................................................
..... 391,92 kN
FcfbRd(7)........................................................
.... 1033,82 kN

3.6. Column's Flange in Bending - Full Results

Bolt Row 6 (Row Adjacent to Stiffener)


Geometrical Parameters
Ec...............................................................
...... 79,00 mm
E1c..............................................................
...... 70,00 mm
Ep...............................................................
...... 55,00 mm
Emin.............................................................
...... 55,00 mm
Mc...............................................................
...... 26,80 mm
Nc...............................................................
...... 33,50 mm
P................................................................
..... 165,00 mm
Effective Lengths Calculation as Individual Bolt Row
Lamda1...........................................................
....... 0,25
Lamda2...........................................................
....... 1,14
alpha............................................................
....... 6,28
Circular Pattern for Row 6
2*PI*mc..........................................................
..... 168,39 mm
Other Pattern for Row 6
alfa*mc..........................................................
..... 168,39 mm
Mpl1,Rd..........................................................
14350,17 kNmm
Mpl2,Rd..........................................................
... 14350,17 kNmm
Fmode1...........................................................
.... 2141,82 kN
Fmode2...........................................................
..... 843,16 kN
Fmode3...........................................................
..... 660,96 kN
...

Fmin.............................................................
..... 660,96 kN
Effective Lengths Calculation as Member of Bolts Group
Circular Pattern for Row 6
PI*m +
P..............................................................
214,19 mm
Other Pattern for Row 6
0.5*P + alfa*mc - (2*mc +
0.625*Ec)................................... 130,41 mm
Final Strength FtcfbRd (6)............................................ 660,96 kN

Bolt Row 7 (Row Adjacent to Stiffener)


Geometrical Parameters
Ec...............................................................
...... 79,00 mm
E1c..............................................................
...... 70,00 mm
Ep...............................................................
...... 55,00 mm
Emin.............................................................
...... 55,00 mm
Mc...............................................................
...... 26,80 mm
Nc...............................................................
...... 33,50 mm
P................................................................
..... 200,00 mm
Effective Lengths Calculation as Individual Bolt Row
Lamda1...........................................................
....... 0,25
Lamda2...........................................................
....... 0,41
alpha............................................................
....... 6,28
Circular Pattern for Row 7
2*PI*mc..........................................................
..... 168,39 mm
Other Pattern for Row 7
alfa*mc..........................................................
..... 168,39 mm
Mpl1,Rd..........................................................
14350,17 kNmm
Mpl2,Rd..........................................................
... 14350,17 kNmm
Fmode1...........................................................
.... 2141,82 kN
Fmode2...........................................................
..... 843,16 kN
Fmode3...........................................................
..... 660,96 kN
...

Fmin.............................................................
..... 660,96 kN
Final Strength FtcfbRd (7)............................................ 660,96 kN

3.7. Column's Web In Tension - Full Results


twc,eff..........................................................
....... 0,00 mm
Bolt Row 6
Effective
Length......................................................

168,39

mm

Omega............................................................
....... 0,70
FtwbRd...........................................................
..... 682,15 kN
Final Strength FtwcRd (6)............................................. 682,15 kN
Bolt Row 7
Effective
Length...................................................... 168,39
mm
Omega............................................................
....... 0,70
FtwbRd...........................................................
..... 682,15 kN
Final Strength FtwcRd (7)............................................. 682,15 kN

3.8. End Plate in Bending - Full Results


Bolt Row 6 (First Bolt Row Below Tensioned Flange of Beam)
Geometrical Parameters
Ec...............................................................
...... 79,00 mm
Ep...............................................................
...... 55,00 mm
Emin.............................................................
...... 55,00 mm
ex...............................................................
...... 70,00 mm
Mp...............................................................
...... 41,95 mm
Mxp..............................................................
...... 45,95 mm
P................................................................
..... 165,00 mm
m................................................................
...... 41,95 mm
n................................................................
...... 52,44 mm
Effective Lengths Calculation as Individual Bolt Row
Lamda1...........................................................
....... 0,43
Lamda2...........................................................
....... 1,27
alpha............................................................
....... 5,75
Circular Pattern for Row 6
2*PI*Mp..........................................................

..... 263,57 mm
Other Pattern for Row 6
alfa*Mp..........................................................
..... 241,17 mm
Mpl1,Rd..........................................................
31132,78 kNmm
Mpl2,Rd..........................................................
... 31132,78 kNmm
Fmode1...........................................................
.... 2968,63 kN
Fmode2...........................................................
.... 1026,90 kN
Fmode3...........................................................
..... 660,96 kN
...

Fmin.............................................................
..... 660,96 kN
Effective Lengths Calculation as Member of Bolts Group
Circular Pattern for Row 6
PI*Mp +
P.............................................................
261,79 mm
Other Pattern for Row 6
0.5*p + alfa*Mp - (2*Mp +
0.625*Ep)................................... 187,90 mm
Final Strength FtepbRd (6)............................................ 660,96 kN
Bolt Row 7 (Bolt Row Outside Tensioned Flange of Beam)
Geometrical Parameters
Ec...............................................................
...... 79,00 mm
Ep...............................................................
...... 55,00 mm
Emin.............................................................
...... 55,00 mm
ex...............................................................
...... 70,00 mm
Mp...............................................................
...... 41,95 mm
Mxp..............................................................
...... 45,95 mm
P................................................................
..... 200,00 mm
m................................................................
...... 45,95 mm
n................................................................
...... 57,44 mm
Effective Lengths Calculation as Individual Bolt Row
Circular Pattern for Row 7
2*PI*MxP.........................................................
..... 288,71 mm
PI*MxP +

W............................................................
254,35 mm
PI*MxP +
2*Ep.........................................................
254,35 mm
Effective
Length...................................................... 254,35
mm
Other Pattern for Row 7
0.5*bp...........................................................
..... 110,00 mm
0.5*w + 2*mx +
0.625*ex............................................... 190,65 mm
4*MxP +
1.25*ex.......................................................
271,30 mm
Ep + 2*MxP +
0.625*ex................................................. 190,65 mm
Effective
Length...................................................... 110,00
mm
Mpl1,Rd..........................................................
14200,00 kNmm
Mpl2,Rd..........................................................
... 14200,00 kNmm
Fmode1...........................................................
.... 1236,15 kN
Fmode2...........................................................
..... 641,90 kN
Fmode3...........................................................
..... 660,96 kN
...

Fmin.............................................................
..... 641,90 kN
Final Strength FtepbRd (7)............................................ 641,90 kN

3.9. Beams Web In Tension - Full Results


Bolt Row 6
Effective
Length...................................................... 241,17
mm
FtwbRd...........................................................
..... 622,66 kN
Final Strength FtwbRd (6)............................................. 622,66 kN
Bolt Row 7
Effective
Length......................................................

110,00

mm

FtwbRd...........................................................
..... 284,00 kN
Final Strength FtwbRd (7)................................................. --

3.10. Strength Results (My)


Column's web panel in Shear
Vwp,Rd( 6)..................................... - kN
Column's web in compression
Fc,wc,Rd( 6)................................... - kN
Beam's flange and web in compression
Fc,fb,Rd( 6).................... 391,921 kN
Column's web in tension
Ft,wc,Rd( 6)................................. 682,147 kN
Column's flange in bending
Ft,fc,Rd( 6).............................. 660,960 kN
Failure
Modes..............................................................
3
End plate in bending
Ft,ep,Rd( 6).................................... 660,960 kN
Failure
Modes..............................................................
3
Beam's web in tension
Ft,wb,Rd( 6)................................... 622,656 kN
Tension resistance Ftr,Rd of bolt-row
6.............................. 391,92 kN
Column's web panel in Shear
Vwp,Rd( 7)..................................... - kN
Column's web in compression
Fc,wc,Rd( 7)................................... - kN
Beam's flange and web in compression
Fc,fb,Rd( 7)................... 1033,821 kN
Column's web in tension
Ft,wc,Rd( 7)................................. 682,147 kN
Column's flange in bending
Ft,fc,Rd( 7).............................. 660,960 kN
Failure
Modes..............................................................
3
End plate in bending
Ft,ep,Rd( 7).................................... 641,901 kN
Failure
Modes..............................................................
2
Beam's web in tension
Ft,wb,Rd( 7)......................................... - kN
Tension resistance Ftr,Rd of bolt-row
7.............................. 641,90 kN

Bolt's resistance in
Tension......................................... 330,480 kN
Beam's flange and web in compression check
enabled....................... YES
Applied moment
My,sd.................................................. 545,20 KNm
Moment design resistance
My,Rd........................................ 550,85 KNm
(My,Sd / My,rd) = (545,20 / 550,85) = 0,99 <
1.............................. O.K.

3.11. Connection's Final Strength


=> (My,sd/My,Rd) + (Mz,sd/Mz,Rd) = 0,99 + 0,00 = 0,99 < 1 O.K.
3.12. Strength Results (Vz)
Vz,rd(1)
=...........................................................
550,080 kN
Vz,rd(2)
=...........................................................
550,080 kN
Vz,rd(3)
=...........................................................
550,080 kN
Vz,rd(4)
=...........................................................
550,080 kN
Vz,rd(5)
=...........................................................
550,080 kN
Vz,rd(6)
=...........................................................
317,099 kN
Vz,rd(7)
=...........................................................
168,496 kN
Bolt's resistance in
Shear...........................................
Bolt's resistance in
Bearing.........................................

275,040 kN
522,113 kN

Applied shear
Vz,sd.................................................. -244,10 kN
Shear design resistance
Vz,Rd,b...................................... 3236,00 kN
(Vz,Sd / Vz,rd) = (-244,10 / 3236,00) = 0,08 <
1............................ O.K.

3.13. Connection's Final Strength (V)


=> (Vz,sd/Vz,Rd) + (Vy,sd/Vy,Rd) = 0,08 + 0,00 = 0,08 < 1 O.K.
3.14. Strength of the Welds

For moments My,sd Mz,sd :


Aw = 2*B*af + 2*(H - 2*c)*aw +
4*b1*af.............................. 12713,60 mm
ttot = ((Vy_Sd / Aw) + (Vz_Sd /
Aw))................................ 0,019 kN/mm
Wwy..............................................................
. 1820983,00 mm
Wwz..............................................................
.. 159304,30 mm
sperp = |My_Sd| / Wwy + |Mz_sd| / Wwz) + Nsd /
Aw...................... 0,299 kN/mm

=> sperp = 0,299 < fu/?w = 0,408....................................... O.K.


stot = (3 * ttot +
sperp)........................................... 0,301 kN/mm
Bw (J
6.6.5.3(5)).......................................................
0,90

=> stot = 0,301 < fu/Bw*?w = 0,453..................................... O.K.


=>=> The check of the welds is OK

O.K.

For moment My,Rd= Mpl,b = 328,86 kNm (AnnexJ 3.1.3(4)) :


sw = 0,181 < fu/?w = 0,408
The check of the welds is OK

4. Summary
4.1. Summary Table
Nodes
Welds
1
0,73

Loadcas

Maximum

Mysd/My

Vzsd/Vz

0,99

0,99

0,08

Mzsd/Mz
--

Vysd/Vy
--

Biax.Mo
0,99

Biax.Sh
--

4.2. Legend
Maximum
Mysd/Myrd
Vzsd/Vzrd
Mzsd/Mzrd
Vysd/Vyrd
Biax.Mom
Biax.Shr
Welds

->
->
->
->
->
->
->
->

The Maximum ratio


Connection's Strength
Connection's Strength
Connection's Strength
Connection's Strength
Connection's Strength
Connection's Strength
Welds Resistance

in
in
in
in
in
in

Moment of Major Axis


Shear of Major Axis
Moment of Minor Axis
Shear of Minor Axis
Biaxial Bending
Biaxial Shear

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