M10 Basic Drawing Production

Version 11.
Module 10
Basic Drawing Production
Training Manual
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Contents
Session 1................................................................. 1-1
The Draft Hierarchy ...................................................................................... 1-1 Objectives .................................................................................................. 1-1 Must Know Points ...................................................................................... 1-1 Departments .............................................................................................. 1-2 Registries ................................................................................................... 1-3 Drawings .................................................................................................... 1-4 Libraries (under user control) ..................................................................... 1-6 Sheets........................................................................................................ 1-6 Exercise 1 ................................................................................................ 1-10
Session 2................................................................. 2-1

View Creation................................................................................................ 2-1 Objectives .................................................................................................. 2-1 Must Know Points ...................................................................................... 2-1 Views ......................................................................................................... 2-2 Creating User-Defined Views ..................................................................... 2-3 Using Predefined Frame Configurations .................................................. 2-14 Exercise 2 ................................................................................................ 2-15
Session 3................................................................. 3-1

Dimensioning................................................................................................ 3-1 Objectives .................................................................................................. 3-1 Must Know Points ...................................................................................... 3-1 Changing Application ................................................................................. 3-2 Creating Linear Dimensions ....................................................................... 3-8 Editing a Linear Dimension ...................................................................... 3-12 Creating Angular Dimensions .................................................................. 3-15 Editing an Angular Dimension .................................................................. 3-17 Creating Radial Dimensions..................................................................... 3-17 Modifying Dimensioning Elements ........................................................... 3-19 Exercise 3 ................................................................................................ 3-21
Session 4................................................................. 4-1

Labelling........................................................................................................ 4-1 Objectives .................................................................................................. 4-1 Must Know Points ...................................................................................... 4-1 Changing Application ................................................................................. 4-2 DRAFT Labelling........................................................................................ 4-4 Using Symbols in DRAFT .......................................................................... 4-5 Creating General Labels ............................................................................ 4-6 Creating Symbolic Labels .......................................................................... 4-9
Module 10 Basic Drawing Production
Contents-i
Moving A Symbolic Label ......................................................................... 4-11 Creating a Pipe End Symbol..................................................................... 4-13 Modifying Labels.......................................................................................4-14 Exercise 4................................................................................................. 4-18
Session 5 ................................................................ 5-1

2D Drafting.....................................................................................................5-1 Objectives...................................................................................................5-1 Must Know Points .......................................................................................5-1 Changing Application..................................................................................5-2 The 2D Drafting Hierarchy ..........................................................................5-4 Creating 2D Drafting Base Elements ..........................................................5-4 Modifying 2D Drafting Base Elements ........................................................5-7 2D Drafting Primitives .................................................................................5-7 Creating 2D Primitives from Icon Selection ................................................5-9 Miscellaneous Construction Options......................................................... 5-15 2D Settings ............................................................................................... 5-19 2D Utilities ................................................................................................ 5-20 Exercise 5................................................................................................. 5-23
Session 6 ................................................................ 6-1

Section Planes ..............................................................................................6-1 Objectives...................................................................................................6-1 Must Know Points .......................................................................................6-1 Section Planes............................................................................................6-2 Creating Flat Planes ...................................................................................6-3 Modifying Flat Planes .................................................................................6-4 Exercise 6...................................................................................................6-5
Appendix A .............................................................. 7-1

View Types ....................................................................................................7-1
Appendix B .............................................................. 8-1

Intelligent Text and Alternative Character Set............................................8-1 Intelligent Text ............................................................................................8-1 Alternative Character Set............................................................................8-3
Appendix C .............................................................. 9-1

DRAFT Database Hierarchy .........................................................................9-1
Appendix D ............................................................ 10-1

Example Sheets .......................................................................................... 10-1 Dimensioning Example Sheets ................................................................. 10-1 Labelling Example Sheets ........................................................................ 10-6
Contents-ii
Session
The Draft Hierarchy
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to: Create a Draft Hierarchy to start Drawing Production. Create a Drawing from a Template or Explicitly. Create a Sheet from a Template or Explicitly
Must Know Points

At the end of this session you will be able to explain: The use of different Administrative elements in the Draft hierarchy. The difference between Drawings and Sheets created by Templates or Explicitly.
1-1
The Draft Hierarchy
DRAFT is a database and so has a hierarchy that must be followed. This starts at the World level, which will always be the first element in a database. The World element is shown in the members list as /* and cannot be either created or deleted. Every database, regardless of its use, will have the World as the first element in its hierarchy. The actual structure of the DRAFT hierarchy will be looked at in stages as we cover each new topic area during the training course. In this session we will only look at the creation of elements required to create a single Sheet that contains one View of the 3D Model.
WORLD DEPT REGI DRWG SHEE VIEW
NOTE: Automatically created `system' elements are not shown.
At each stage the level above must already exist before you can create the level below. Each level can own one or more members, e.g. WORLD may own several DEPTs which in turn may own several REGIs and so on.
Departments
First we must create an element called a Department (DEPT), this can only be created under the World level. This is an administrative element used to group together Registries. The creation of a DEPT is achieved by the selection of the correct menu options. From the Draft General bar menu, which is the default menu loaded at the top of the screen, select as follows: Create>Department This will display the Create DEPT form that you may use to supply a meaningful name to your DEPT. If you choose not to supply a name then the default name displayed will be used. When setting the name you must move the pointer into the box and click a mouse button, this will activate the field. Type the required name, making sure that you do not use spaces. Moving the pointer within the text field can be done by either use of the arrow keys or by placing the pointer in the required position and pressing the left mouse key. Deletion is achieved by use of the backspace key to delete characters to the left of the pointer or delete key for those
1-2
The Draft Hierarchy
to the right. When finished, click OK using the left mouse button. Cancel removes the form without any action being carried out. If OK is clicked, the Department Information form will be displayed. This form shows the name of the DEPT and gives you the chance to set up some of the environment that you wish to use.
From the picture above, you can see that to the left of Create Registry there is a check box. When the button is selected (default condition), the form required for Create Registry will be shown automatically after clicking OK. If the button is clear then after clicking OK you will have to return to the Draft General bar menu. On the right of this form there is a button marked Attributes. . . . Clicking this button brings up the Department Attributes form, giving you the chance to set the attributes you require in preference to the defaults. These settings will cascade down each time an element is created below the Department. The setting of this form is carried out by either selection of a text field, followed by typing your entry, or the selection from the lists held by the different buttons, which are accessed by placing the pointer on the button and holding down the left mouse key. All these options will be covered in detail as we go through the training course. When you have completed your settings click Apply to use your settings or Dismiss to close the form without applying your modified settings. Reset returns all settings on the form back to their default states. Apply or Dismiss will close the form and return you back to make your final selection on the Department Information form of either OK or Cancel. Only at the finish of this stage is the DEPT actually created.
Registries
Selecting Create Registry on the Department Information form, when OK is clicked the Create REGI form will appear. If the button was raised (off), then to display this form you must carry out the following. From the Draft General bar menu: Create>Registry
1-3
The Draft Hierarchy
Which ever method is used you will now be looking at the Create REGI form. This is again asking you if you wish to change the default name to one that is more meaningful to you. When completed, click either OK or Cancel button. Clicking OK will cause the Registry Information form to be displayed. From this form you can choose whether or not the Create Drawing form is to be automatically displayed, choose the method of drawing creation required and setting of the attributes.
This option works in a similar way to the Create Registry check box used when creating a DEPT. The selecting of either Explicitly or From Template will decide which type of drawing creation path you will use. The difference is explained in the next section.
Drawings
As was mentioned above there are two methods of creating a DRWG, these being explicitly or from a template. If during the creation of your REGI you select the Create Drawing box, then, after clicking OK, the form would be closed finishing the operation. Now to create a drawing you must carry out the following. From the Draft General bar menu: Create>Drawing>Explicitly or Create>Drawing>From Template The selection of one of the above will give the same result as the setting during the REGI creation. For both options the Create DRWG form will be displayed. This like before allows the setting of a meaningful name or use of the default. Once OK has been clicked the option selected will come into force.
1-4
The Draft Hierarchy
Creating Explicitly After the Create DRWG form has been closed via the OK, the Drawing Definition form is displayed:
The Drawing Definition form allows the setting of attributes that can be used at a later stage of the drawing cycle. Title, Date, and Drawn By allow the setting of simple text attributes that can later be added to the drawing by the use of Dynamic Text (see later in this course). The Attributes. . . check box is the same as before. When you have finished click Apply. Creating From a Template After the Create DRWG has been closed, by clicking OK, the Drawing and Sheet Templates form will appear. The Options list enables you to choose a Sheet template suitable for different drawing disciplines (as set up by your System Administrator). Fill in the form by selection of your requirements, ie: 1. Select the required drawing template type from the Options list. Note that lists in the other two panels change to suit. 2. Select the correct Drawing template, by moving the cursor onto the item and clicking the left mouse key. 3. The above will cause the sheet listed to change. Now select the required sheet in the same way as above.
1-5
The Draft Hierarchy
When finished click OK. A Sheet having all the attribute settings and offspring of the template will be created, along with any member elements.
Libraries (under user control)

DRAFT makes extensive use of libraries. For the most part, these can only be accessed in a read/execute mode. The creation and maintenance of these libraries is the role of the DRAFT Administrator that is covered in a separate course. However when working in DRAFT as a user, the application will create libraries for you if required. For instance, during the creation of a DRWG, as covered above, a library will automatically be created. If you look at the members list you will see it. This library, which is created below a DRWG at the same level as the SHEE element, is used to hold the Drawlist that you will need to create (drawlists are covered in the next session).
Sheets
A Sheet is created automatically when a Drawing is created using the Create > Drawing >From Template menu option.
1-6
The Draft Hierarchy
Sheets may also be created manually using one of the following menu selections, from the DRAFT General menu: Create > Sheet > Explicitly or Create > Sheet > From Template Create Sheet Explicitly On selection the Create SHEE form will appear. A default sheet name will be automatically assigned, which you can change if you wish. On completion click on OK or Cancel. The Sheet Definition form will appear. If you wish to give the Sheet a title then edit the Title text box. This sets a simple text attribute which can be used later by the Dynamic Text option.
If you wish to change the default Sheet size of 1189 x 841 mm, select the blank option, at the top, of the available sheet sizes then you may enter the required vales for Width and Height in the text boxes. If you wish to select a different option from the list of standard sheet sizes, the Width and Height text boxes will automatically fill with its preset values. Note that these sizes, areas defined by the Draft Administrator. The Backing Sheet Reference options may be used to define the Backing Sheet to be used. If the reference is unset, a Backing Sheet Template element may be selected (click on the Reference radio button and choose the Backing Sheet name from the adjacent list option button). Alternatively, a plotfile may be used (enter the required filename into the adjacent text box).
1-7
The Draft Hierarchy
If the selected backing sheet is larger than the working sheet an error will be displayed asking if you wish to change your sheet size. If YES is selected then the working sheet will be changed to that of the Backing Sheet. If NO then the reference is changed to unset to allow reselection. Note: Backing Sheets must always be exactly the same size as the working sheet. Once all the fields are completed as required click the Apply button, a Sheet with the attribute settings of the owning Drawing will be created. Create Sheet From Template On selection the Create SHEE form will appear. A default sheet name will be automatically assigned, which you can change if you wish. On completion click on OK or Cancel. The Drawing and Sheet Templates form will appear. The Options button enables you to choose a Sheet template suitable for different drawing disciplines (as set up by your System Administrator). Fill in the form by selection of your requirements. Select the required drawing type from the Option list button. Your selection will cause the lists to be redefined. 1. Select the correct Drawing, by moving the cursor onto the item and click the left mouse key. 2. The above will cause the sheets listed to change. Now select the required sheet in the same way as above.
1-8
The Draft Hierarchy
When finished click the OK button. A Sheet having all the attribute settings and offspring of the template will be created, along with any member elements.
1-9
The Draft Hierarchy
Exercise 1
1. Navigate to the World in your Draft database and create a Department named TRAINING_DEPT. 2. Make sure that the Create Registry checkbox on the Department Information form is checked and create a Registry named TRAINING_REGI. 3. On the Registry Information form click the Attributes button to display the Registry Attributes form and note the settings that may be made from the form. Do NOT make any changes to the attributes. Dismiss the Registry Attributes form to go back to the Registry Information form.. 4. Make sure that the Create Drawing checkbox on the Registry Information form is checked, click the Explicitly radio button and create a Drawing called DRG_1. 5. On the Drawing Definition form give the drawing the title GENERAL ARRANGEMENT , type your initials in the Drawn By text box and click the Apply button and dismiss the form. 6. Your Members List should now look like this:
7. Note the Library (LIBY element), owned by the Drawing, that has been created automatically. Click on the LIBY and note the Drawlist Library (DLLB element) and Tagrule Library (TRLB element) that have also been created. Click on the DLLB and note that a default Drawlist (IDLI element) has been created. Note: Tagging is covered in Module 20 Advanced Drawing Production. 8. Navigate to the DRWG and select Create>Sheet>Explicitly from the main menu to display the Create SHEE form, noting the default name that is given. Modify the Sheet name to /DRG_1/SHT_1 and click OK to create the Sheet.
1-10
The Draft Hierarchy
9. On the Sheet Definition form give the Sheet a title of STABILISER EQUIPMENT, make sure that the Sheet size is A0, click the Reference radio button and select /DRA/MAS/BACKS/MET/A0 from the pull-down list. Click the Apply button and dismiss the form. Note that you now have a Sheet outline and backing sheet in your graphics area. 10. Create a new Sheet owned by the same Drawing with a different Sheet size. 11. Create new Drawings and Sheets including the use of Templates from both Drawing and Sheet level. Note the differences in creating from Templates and Explicitly.
1-11
Session
View Creation
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to: Create a User-Defined View. Manipulate a View Frame. Set the Centre of Interest of a View. Set the Contents of a View. Set the Attributes of a View. Use Predefined View Frames.
Must Know Points

At the end of this session you will be able to explain: How to arrange views on your Sheet. How to Create and Manage Drawlists. Use different Drawlists for different Views. How to change the appearance of your Views.
2-1
View Creation
Views
VIEW elements are set-up to show a projection of elements from the Design database. Dimensions, annotation and 2D elements can then be added to the view to complete the drawing. A VIEW element has attributes which: Define the size, position and orientation of the region on the Sheet that the VIEW occupies Define the viewing parameters e.g. view type, style, viewing direction, scale, etc. Refer to a Drawlist that contains a list of the Design (or Catalogue) elements which make up the View picture.
You must be at Sheet level or below before you can create a VIEW. The menu offers options for creating Limits-Defined, UserDefined and Detail views. This module covers the creation and modification of User Defined views only. See Module 20 Advanced Drawing production for details of Limits-Defined and Detail views. A Drawlist controls the Design elements displayed within a view. The creation, modification and control of Drawlists are explained later in this session. If you create a Drawing or Sheet from a template, one or more views will usually be created when the template is copied if the Draft Administrator has included them during creation of the template. The following sections describe the creation of views on Explicitly created Sheets, where no views have been included in the template or where additional views are required.
2-2
View Creation
Creating User-Defined Views

From the DRAFT General bar menu select Create>View>User Defined to display the Create View form. A default view name will be automatically assigned, which you can change if you wish. On completion click on OK and the VIEW will be created. The view frame will appear as a rectangle positioned in the centre of the Sheet and the User-Defined View form will appear.
The User Defined View form menu allows you to manipulate the view frame, the position of the Design elements within the view and the contents of the Drawlist that contains the Design elements displayed in the view. Manipulating a View Frame The Frame form menu enables you to switch the view frame on or off, to control the size of the frame, its position on the Sheet and its alignment relative to any other view that may be on the Sheet. The menu has the following options: On/Off toggles the display of the view frame on and off.
2-3
View Creation
Size This option has a sub-menu that allows you to set the size of the view frame in different ways: Cursor displays the Point Construction Option Form that enables opposing corners of the view frame to be selected graphically. Explicit displays the Explict Frame Size form that enables you to resize the frame by defining its size in terms of Sheet co-ordinates or proportions.
Size By Ratio text boxes can be used to define the extent of the view frame in X,Y Sheet proportions. For example, From XR 0.25 To XR 0.75 would give a view frame centred in the Sheet in the X direction and occupying 50% of the Sheet width. Setting the XR or YR values will cause the Width or Height values to change automatically. Conversely, setting the Width and/or Height values will cause the XR/YR values to change automatically giving a view frame centred on the Sheet in the appropriate direction. Size By Coordinates is similar in its operation except that sizes are expressed in millimetres. Co-ordinate 0,0 is at the bottom left hand corner of the Sheet. Copy Size This option has a sub-menu that allows you to copy the Width, Height or Width and Height of another view on the Sheet: Width will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose width you wish to copy. The width of the current view will then change to be the same as that of the identified view. Height will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose height you wish to copy. The height of the current view will then change to be the same as that of the identified view.
2-4
View Creation
Width & Height will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose width and height you wish to copy. The width and height of the current view will then change to be the same as that of the identified view. Position This option has a sub-menu that allows you to position the frame in different ways: Cursor enables you to use the cursor to move the view frame by first nominating a point in the view, i.e. Centre, Top Left, Top Right, etc.,from the sub-menu. The nominated point will move to the cursor position when the lefthand mouse button is clicked. Explicit enables you to move the view frame by defining its Sheet position in terms of Sheet co-ordinates or proportions.
Position By Ratio text boxes can be used to position the centre of the view in X,Y Sheet proportions. For example, XR 0.5, YR 0.5 will put the centre of the view at the centre of the Sheet. Position By Co-ordinates is similar in its operation except the position is expressed in millimetres. Co-ordinate 0,0 is at the bottom left hand corner of the Sheet. Align This option has a sub-menu that allows you to align a specified axis or edge of the current view with the same axis or edge of another selected view on the Sheet. Centre Vert will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose centre you wish the current views centre to align with vertically. The position of the current view will then change to align the view centres vertically. Centre Horiz will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose centre you wish the current views centre to align with horizontally. The position of the current view will then change to align the view centres horizontally.
2-5
View Creation
Top will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose top edge you wish the current views top edge to align with. The position of the current view will then change to align the views top edges. Bottom will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose bottom edge you wish the current views bottom edge to align with. The position of the current view will then change to align the views bottom edges. Left will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose left edge you wish the current views left edge to align with. The position of the current view will then change to align the views left edges. Right will ask you to identify (with the cursor) a view whose right edge you wish the current views right edge to align with. The position of the current view will then change to align the views right edges.
Setting the Centre of Interest of a View The View form menu enables you to toggle the display of the view on or off, set the Design co-ordinates corresponding to the centre of interest of the view and offset the Design element graphics with respect to the centre of the view. The menu has the following options: On/Off toggles the display of the view on and off. Centre This option has a sub-menu which allows you to select the centre of interest of the view in different ways: Identify will ask you to identify a Design element to be the centre of interest of the view. The origin of the selected Design element will be positioned at the centre of the view. Cursor displays the Point Construction Option Form and ask you to select a point with the cursor to become the centre of interest of the view. By Cursor displays the Point Construction Option Form and ask you to select a base point and displacement with the cursor to move the centre of interest of the view. Explicitdisplays the User Defined Centre Position form which enables you to enter co-ordinates for the centre of the view.
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View Creation
Setting the Contents of a View The Graphics form menu enables you to create and modify Drawlists as well as setting the Drawlist Reference for the view. A Drawlist holds a list of Design elements that determine what will be displayed in the view. Drawlists are independent of the views, therefore, a sheet may contain several views that refer to the same Drawlist or several views that refer to different Drawlists. Drawlists (IDLI elements) are stored in Drawlist Libraries (DLLB elements). When a Drawing is created a library containing a default Drawlist Library is automatically created and may be used as the Drawlist for any views created on Sheets owned by that Drawing. Specific Drawlists for specific views may also be created and stored in the default Drawlist Library or in another Drawlist Library located elsewhere in the project, depending on the set-up by the Draft Administrator. Selecting Graphics>Drawlist from the form menu displays the Drawlist Management form:
2-7
View Creation
The Drawlist Library scrollable list gives a list of the available Drawlist Libraries. The Drawlists window is a scrollable list of all the Drawlists available within the selected Drawlist Library. In the example above only the default drawlist, created automatically during Drawing creation is shown. The Reference List Members window displays: If Design Members is selected from the scrollable list, the available Design elements in the Design database, governed by the MDB you are using, will be displayed. If Drawlists is selected from the scrollable list, the available Drawlists will be displayed. If Lists/Collections have been previously defined then they will be available for selection. If no List/Collection has been defined, or you wish to create a new one, clicking the Lists button will display the List/Collection form. Having defined a new List/Collection, clicking the Update button will display all defined Lists/Collections in the scrollable list for selection. The Drawlist Members window displays the Design elements or Drawlists that have been selected to be members of the current Drawlist. In the example above, no members have been selected yet. Items are added to the Drawlist by selecting them from the Reference Members List, or a List/Collection name from the scrollable list, and clicking the Add button. This creates an Add Element (ADDE) element in the Drawlist Members window. Specific items may also be removed from the Drawlist by selecting them in the Reference Members List, or a List/Collection name from the scrollable list, and clicking the Remove button. This creates a Remove Element (REME) element in the Drawlist Members window. For example, all equipment except /E1301 may be required to be displayed in the view. Rather than adding each piece of equipment separately, the zone /EQUIP may be added and the specific piece of equipment /E1301 subsequently removed from the Drawlist.
2-8
View Creation
The Navigation form menu offers an alternative method of navigation. The options are the same as those available from the Navigation pulldown menu of the Members list. Note: If the Members list is displayed, it will be removed while the Draw List Management form is displayed. The buttons to the right of the Drawlists window control the creation and deletion of Drawlists: Create creates a new, empty Drawlist. Create Copy creates a copy of a Drawlist selected from the available Drawlist Libraries . Delete deletes the currently selected Drawlist. Clean-Up removes any Drawlist Members will Null or BAD references. The Delete Entry and Delete All buttons at the bottom right of the form delete the current highlighted entry from the Drawlist or all Drawlist members respectively. The Volume Defined and Limits buttons at the bottom right of the form enables the addition of all elements that are positioned wholly within a defined volume. Clicking the Limits button will display the Drawlist Limits form:
2-9
View Creation
The limits are set by entering appropriate co-ordinates for opposing corners of the limits volume. After setting the limits clicking the Volume Define button adds all elements wholly within the entered co-ordinates. If required, the Remove or Delete Entry buttons may be used to amend the Drawlist. Selecting Graphics>Drawlist Ref from the form menu displays the Drawlist Reference form:
This form enables you to point (reference) the current view to a Drawlist so that the Drawlist Members are displayed in the view. It should be noted that a view may only reference one Drawlist. The Options scrollable list allows the owning Sheets or the owning Drawings Drawlist to be used. The VIEWs current Drawlist may be used, or the Drawlist reference may be unset. The Drawlist Library scrollable list allows you to choose from a list of Drawlist Libraries, as set up by your Draft Administrator. The Drawing selection, as shown above, refers to the Drawlist Library created automatically when the views owning Drawing was created.
2-10
View Creation
The Drawlist Contents window displays the contents of the selected Drawlist when the Display button is clicked. This allows you to check the contents of the Drawlist you have selected. The Modify button displays the Drawlist Management form enabling you to modify or create a new Drawlist as described previously.
Setting View Attributes Having set the frame size and position, the centre of interest of the view and the Drawlist Reference the way the Design elements are displayed in the view may be changed by modifying the view attributes. It should be noted that it is not compulsory to set any of the attributes described in this section, although in practice the view scale, using the Nearest and Auto Scale buttons, will need to be set as a minimum. If any attributes are changed, the Apply and a Update Design buttons must be clicked before any changes will be observed on the display, with exception of scale, which only requires a Update Design to be performed if any part is overlapping the view border or the view has lines missing. The view attributes are: Title If you wish to give the view a title then enter an appropriate title in the text box. This sets a simple text attribute that can be used later for view annotation. View Type This scrollable list gives the available hiddenline drawing representation options. Each option gives a different degree of hidden line removal from Wireline to Universal Hidden Line. See Appendix A for examples of the different representations. Wireline gives a conventional wireline picture showing all element and Ppoints. This option is the quickest to generate the view graphics. Modelled Wireline gives slightly greater realism by blending the intersection of primitives, but without incurring the computational overheads of removing hidden lines. Local Hidden Line representation gives a picture where hidden lines are removed from Equipments. Where two or more Equipments overlap the elements overlapping are shown in wireline Global Hidden Line representation gives a picture where all hidden lines are removed. Universal Hidden causes intersection lines between significant elements (e.g. EQUI and STRU, SUBS and BRAN) to be generated. This option is the slowest to generate the view graphics.
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View Creation
Section Mode has two options: Standard This option sections all Design elements where appropriate. Omit Fractional Pipe Components This option removes any partial pipe components from the display that result from a section being applied. Style This scrollable list gives the available Representation Rulesets (RRST) elements that are used to control the display representation of the different types of the Design elements within the view. Representation Rulesets are created by the Draft Administrator. Hatching Rules This scrollable list gives the available Hatching Rulessets that are used to control the hatching of different types of Design elements that may be cut when a section is applied. Hatching Rulesets are created by the Draft Administrator. Change Rules This scrollable list gives the available Change Rulessets that are used to control the appearance of changed Design elements and annotation on subsequent updates of the drawing. The use of Change Rulesets is covered in M20 Advanced Drawing Production. Direction The required view direction may be selected from the pull-down list of predefined directions, which include the four standard Isometric views. Alternatively, a view direction, e.g. N 45 E, may be typed into the text box. The Derived button will prompt you to identify a design element in the Graphics area for setting the view direction. Auto Scale This sets the view scale such that all of the design elements in the Drawlist will fit just within the view frame. The actual scale will be displayed in the Scale text box. The Auto Scale operation also sets the through point to the Site coordinates corresponding to the centre of interest of the view. Nearest It is unlikely that Auto Scale will produce a standard scale for the view. Clicking the Nearest button will select the nearest available standard scale, as defined by the Draft Administrator, and set it. The standard scales can also be selected from the scrollable list next to the Nearest button. Although the principal view attributes are set from the main body of the UserDefined View form, additional attributes may be accessed by clicking the Attributes button to display the User-Defined View Attributes form:
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View Creation
Graphics Angle controls the angle of the design graphics within the view. A positive angle gives an anti-clockwise rotation. The view direction remains the same. View Orientation controls the orientation of the view and its contents. The selectable directions correspond to the direction of the top of the view region relative to the top of the screen, e.g. selection of Right will cause the view and its contents to be rotated through 270 degrees. Arc Tolerance controls the difference between the true and the facetted representation of curves of the graphical output for the view, being set in units of hundredths of a millimetre on the drawing. (default value 15.) The actual value used by DRAFT depends on the scale of the VIEW. The lowest value that it may be changed to is 1. Although lower values will give a better representation, the time required to display the graphics is increased. Perspective A value of 0 gives a parallel view. The value is related to the view angle. Gapping controls the gap (in mm) inserted in view lines crossed by other lines such as centrelines, Plines, etc. Note line Pen options control the appearance of the view frame (assuming it is visible). The value set will also be cascaded down to any Layers subsequently created as members of the view. The Note line Pen may be one of the standard pens or a user-defined pen set-up by the Draft Administrator.
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View Creation
Using Predefined Frame Configurations

User-Defined views may be created from a set of predefined view configurations Selecting Create>View>Predefined Frame from the General menu displays the View Configuration form:
The central area of the View Configuration form shows diagrams of view layouts on the Sheet. Clicking the radio button next to desired configuration selects that layout. Having selected the desired configuration, the appropriate view directions lists will be populated with the default view directions for that layout. If you wish to change the given view direction, select the new direction using the pull-down list. The value in the View Spacing text box is the distance (in mm) between each view frame and may be changed as required. Having clicked on OK, the required number of views will be created in the active area of the sheet. The Title of each view will be set to correspond to its view direction.
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View Creation
Exercise 2
1. Create a new Sheet, Explicitly, of any size but without a backing sheet and create a single User-Defined view, do NOT use the Predefined Frame option. Experiment resizing and moving the view using the User-Defined View form Frame menu options and Modify Mode. Finish by making the view occupy the top left quarter of the Sheet. 2. Create another User-Defined view and resize it using the Frame>Copy Size options on the User-Defined View form menu. Use the Frame>Align options to align the view with various edges and axes of the first view. 3. Create a third and fourth view by copying one of the other views using the options available on the top bar menus. 4. Create a Sheet using the Template option, move and resize the single view created by the template and add two new views to the Sheet. 5. Delete all the views from the Sheet created in 4 above. Using the Predefined Frame option, create four views with viewing directions of North, East, Down and Iso3 view respectively and a View Spacing of 10mm. Note that the predefined views only occupy the active area of the backing sheet. 6. Using the default Drawing Drawlist, add the STABILISER Equipment Zone to the Drawlist. For each view set: View Type to Universal Hidden Line Section Mode to Standard Style to /DRA/PRJ/REPR/GEN/BASIC Hatching Rules to unset Change Rules to unset The Drawlist Ref to the default Drawing Drawlist
7. On the User-Defined View form, for each view, click the Auto Scale button followed by the Apply and Update Design buttons. The views should now display the STABILISER equipment in all four views.
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View Creation
8. Select Modify>Drawlist... from the main menu to display the Drawlist Management form and amend the default Drawlist by removing the equipment C1101 (i.e. C1101 is a REME element). Update the view graphics by selecting Graphics>Update>Design from the main menu. Note that C1101 has now been removed from all four views. 9. Create four new Drawlists, i.e. one for each view, with different elements of the STABILISER model in each Drawlist. Modify the Drawlist Ref for each view to point to a different Drawlist and Update Design for each view. 10. Using the Sheet /DRG_1/SHT_1 that you created in Exercise 1, create a single User-Defined view with a viewing direction of Down. Add all of the STABILISER equipment to a Drawlist and set the Drawlist Ref to it. You will use this Sheet in subsequent exercises.
2-16
Session
Dimensioning
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to: Dimension Design elements in your views. Change the position, type and appearance of dimensions. Create separate Layers for your dimensions.
Must Know Points

At the end of this session you will be able to explain: The Dimensioning Hierarchy. The different Types of Dimensions. The use of Layers for Dimensioning.
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Dimensioning
Changing Application
To enter the Dimensioning application select Draft>Dimensioning from the DRAFT General bar menu. This will close the application you are currently running and load the Dimensioning application. Draft applications may also be selected from the icon from the Draft top bar menu.
Once the application has been loaded, you will see that the DRAFT General bar menu has been replaced with DRAFT Dimensioning bar menu. The first four options (Draft, Display, Graphics and Query) have not changed, these are the same in every application. The other options on this menu are exclusively for the creation and modifying of dimensions. Under the options on the DRAFT Dimensioning bar menu there are three buttons. These buttons are used for setting the sheet, layer and whether that layer is on or off.
The sheet button allows the selection of any sheet that has been previously selected and added to the list. This button supplies a list of your current working sheets rather than all available sheets. If the required sheet is not in the list then you will have to add it by using Draft >Select Work Sheet option. This will display the Drawing Selection form. Select the required DEPT, REGI, DRWG and Sheet and click the OK button. If the element required has been created since you first entered DRAFT or since your last update of this form, use the Re-load button in the top right hand corner of the form. This will Re-load the full Members List into this form. Having completed this select your required Sheet.
A sheet may also be added to the working sheet list by navigating to the element and selecting the plus key on the form main menus (shown above). Selection of a sheet from the above from DRAFT main bar menu causes the selected sheet to be added to the Main Display.
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The Layers button allows you to make all items held by that Layer to either invisible (OFF) or visible (ON). The button positioned to the right of the ON/OFF button lists all the Layers which are currently owned by your current View whos Purpose attribute is set to DIM or RAD or any other Purpose defined to be used for Dimensioning. Layers which have their PUR attribute set to something other than DIM or RAD or other defined Dimensioning Purpose will not be displayed in this application. Note: Other Layer Purposes may be defined by the Draft Administrator for use with Dimensioning.
Dimensioning Hierarchy
This section covers only the part of the DRAFT Hierarchy that relates to Dimensioning. Below is a diagram showing the related elements and at what level in the hierarchy they may be created. All of these elements, with the exception of extra Layers, will be created automatically as you dimension your View.
VIEW
LAYE
PDIM
ADIM
LDIM
RDIM
(Dim ension Ra d ia l) (Dim ension Direc tions) Ang ula r (Dim ension Points) (Dim ension Points) Linea r
As you can see from the diagram all the dimensioning related elements are created under Layers owned by Views. The Layer is again an administrative element used to group together Annotation type elements, in this case dimensions. DRAFT is set up so as to allow only certain types of annotation element to be placed under that layer, this is controlled by the PURP (Purpose) attribute.
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Dimensioning
Dimensions may be either linear, angular, or radial. Linear dimensions are used to show the distances between particular points in the design model. Angular dimensions show the angles between directions, and Radial dimensions show the radius or diameters of circles or PCDs. Each type of dimension will own points that are used to associate dimensions with the 3D Design element.
LAYERS
Dimensions are owned by Layers, which in turn are owned by VIEWs. Whenever a VIEW is created, a set of (empty) Layers, each with a different purpose, will automatically be created beneath it, as set up by your System Administrator. However, you can create additional Layers if you wish. To create a new Layer you must first set yourself to be at, or below, the owning VIEW level. From the DRAFT Dimensioning bar menu select: Create>Layer A Layer (LAYE) element will be created automatically, and a Create LAYE form will appear. This form will display a default name which you may edit as explained before. To finish click the OK button. The Layer you have just created will appear in the Layer scrollable list with its Purpose set to DIM. This is because it was created from within the Dimensioning application. If created from any other application then the Purpose will be defined to relating to that application, therefore the Purpose will need to be altered if used form Dimensioning.
Modifying Layer Elements
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Dimensioning
To change the definition of a Layer use the following menu selections Modify >Layer >Definition This form is used to change the Layer name, its purpose or visibility. You may also modify the default attributes for the Layer, attributes like character height, pen colours etc.
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Dimensioning
Layer Definition Form

On this form there is a scrollable list that shows all the layers owned by the current View. If you change the View the list may be updated by selection of the CE (Current Element) button. Scroll up/down the list until the required Layer is shown. Now move the cursor onto the list member and click the left mouse key, this selects it. The act of selection causes the list item to be highlighted and the other fields of the form to change to the current settings of the selected Layer. To change the Layer name, simply select the field and type in any changes that are required. Purpose. The button displays a list of all the possible settings for this attribute. You should now select the required option for this Layer. Visibility. This is a simple toggle switch ON/OFF. Off removes any items located on this Layer from the display in the Area View. On will display them. Attributes. This calls the DIM Layer Attributes form which is explained below. To change any of the attributes which are currently set use the menu selection to display DIM Layer Attributes form Modfiy>Layer>Attributes This contains the setting option buttons for many of the attributes for Dimensioning. Most of the buttons are set by placing the cursor over the button and holding the left mouse key down. Move the cursor over the list, still holding the key down, until you find the required selection. The other type is a simple text field, which is set by moving the cursor into the field and clicking the mouse key. You may now enter the required setting. The setting of the units of the Layer will result in any output like the creation of Dimensions to use the unit type selected. If you require your Dimensions to be displayed in Feet & Inches then you should make this selection. A Layer may only use one type of unit, therefore if you require both metric and imperial units you will need to have a second Layer. The setting of the units to be used is held by the Layer attribute UCOD (unit co-ordinate) When setting the defaults for Character Height, Text Pen, and Fonts there are toggle buttons that is set ON will take the settings for these attributes directly from the defining template. The local option will take its defaults from the local setting. The setting to templates is only of use when creating element that come from a Draft Library, such as Symbolic Labels or Symbols.
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Dimensioning
On the right of the form, for Projection and Dim Line Pens, there is the ability to use one of the User-Defined pens. These pens are defined by the DRAFT Administrator. To select a User Defined Pen click on the button Reselect. This causes the Select User-Defined Pen form to be displayed. This form has a scrollable list showing the 40 different line styles with colour available for selection.. To change the displayed page simply click either the Up or Down buttons. Once the required pen style is shown it may be selected by clicking the Cursor Selection button, then move the cursor on to either the number or graphical display and click the mouse key. The selection of the pen will be shown in the Pen Number box. You may enter the required number directly via the keyboard, after selection of the field. After the correct selection has been made click the OK button. This will write the selected pen number to the DIM Layer Attributes form. If you know the pen number then you may enter it directly onto the DIM Layer Attributes form. Once you have the pens information there is a toggle button which
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Dimensioning
switches the active pen to either the User Defined or the Standard pen. Remember that when the button is pressed in it is active (ON). After completion of this form click the Apply button. Modify>Layer>Members. This activates the Layer Members form. This form allows you to move elements from one Layer to another. To do this select the Layer that the elements will be moved to from the Layer button. Note that this selection must be made first as it resets the other options. Now choose from which Layer that the elements are to be moved from by selection from the Include Members from Layer. Now select either all the elements to be moved or use the Select All button to select all elements under that selected Layer. When all is correct click the Apply button.
Creating Linear Dimensions

The simplest kind of Linear Dimension consists of a pair of points on a drawing, each of which relates to a point in the Design model. From each of these Dimension Points on the drawing, a projection line is drawn in a userdefinable direction; between these parallel projection lines, dimension lines are drawn. Each dimension and projection line may have text associated with it. Before you start creating Dimensions make sure that you have set the Layer buttons, on the DRAFT Dimensioning form, to show the correct Layer for these new Dimensions. Creating Linear Dimension To create a Linear Dimension you must have a 2D View on display which includes the VIEW within which you wish to create the Dimension. Select Create>Dimension Linear from the Dimensioning Menu. A Create Linear Dimension form will appear.
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Dimensioning
Notes concerning this form are: The dimension types given by the Type option button are Chain (chained), Tail (parallel) or Truncate (truncated parallel). Direction The value entered in the text box specifies the offset from the direction selected from the lefthand option button. The list given by the righthand option button will change according to the direction selected from the lefthand button. The direction relates to the directions in the DESIGN DB. The True option allows for the dimensioning of true length between dimension points. Derived Direction This option allows you to find out the direction of an element or between PPoints from the DESIGN DB and to use it to set the direction used for the dimensions. Terminator button allows you select what symbol will be displayed at the termination of a Dimension line, if at all. You may choose from Arrows, Dots, Obliques or Off. First Terminator button allows you to set a different terminator for the first dimension line than that used for all the others. Note is function is only available for the Truncate type of dimensions. The Projection Line text options given by the Text option button are: Off Item Name CL Item Name Pipe Name -no text -name of hit item -name of hit item, preceded by centreline symbol -name of hit Pipe
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Dimensioning
Pipe Name BOP EL ARR -name of hit Pipe, followed by elevation of arrive point of hit Component Pipe Name BOP EL LEA -name of hit Pipe, followed by elevation of leave point of hit Component CL Pipe Name Equip. Name CL Equip. Name Geo. Coord Dat. Coord -name of hit Pipe, preceded by centreline symbol -name of hit Equipment -name of hit Equipment, preceded by centreline symbol -geographical co-ordinate (Dimension direction axis) -datum co-ordinate (e.g. SITE co-ordinate)
The Angle option allows the setting of the Projection Line direction. The default direction is 90o to the Dimension Line.
After setting this form as required click the OK button to activate. This will cause the Linear/Angular Dimension form to be displayed. This form is used to create the points that are used to create the Dimensions and forms the link with the 3D-Model element. There are three different types of point which may be created, each being used for a special sort of dimensioning. The point types are DPPT (Dimension Point/Point element), DPBA (Dimension Point Before/After), and DPOI (Dimension Point). Selection from the list, given in the panel to the left of the form, allows you to choose the type of point to be created. The type of point created will be determined the selection from the list e.g. DPPT --- created from ITEM, DPPT---created from PPOINT, DPBA---created from BEFORE, DPOI---created from 3D POS. Item. This will create the dimension point (DPPT type) at the P0 of the design primitive. Owner. This will create the dimension point (DPPT type) at the Equipment Origin of the element.
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Dimensioning
Before /After. This creates a Linear Dimension making use of the Design P-Point of the element. The Before option will select the edge that precedes the P0 in the direction set for dimensioning, After is the edge after. Creates a DPBA type point. PPoint option (i.e. position the Dimension Point at a ppoint). Creates a DPPT type point. Pline Any End. Allows you to use Plines for steelwork rather than P-Points. Creates a DPPT type point. Pline Propn. Allows you to use Plines for steelwork rather than P-Points. You will be prompted to identify a proportion along a Pline to be dimensioned. 3D Pos. Calls the 3D Position form to allow you to enter an explicit set of coordinates. Creates a DPOI type point. 3D Cursor. Using the cursor you may select a position. Creates a DPOI type point. Matchline option can only be used with Limits-defined VIEWs. NOTE: You can only position to a matchline; a dimension point positioned using this option must be the last of a series. Create If you wish to create Dimension Points one at a time (essential if you wish to create successive points with different positioning controls, or if you wish to use the 3D Pos, Cursor or Matchline positioning controls), click on Create. The Create button will normally have to be selected for each point. A suitable message will be displayed in the status area, depending on the selected positioning option, except for 3D Pos when a 3D Position form will be displayed. In this case, enter the required co-ordinates into the textentry boxes on the form. If Automatic repeat dimensioning is required, depress the square button to the right of the Create option before the Create button is selected. Click with the mouse on the position where you wish the Dimension Point to be created. Repeat this procedure until the required number of Dimension Points have been created. If you are using the Auto option, press the Esc. key to leave Event Driven Graphics.
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Dimensioning
Ppoint you can enter into this field the Ppoint number you wish the projection line to be attached to.
Pline Like Ppoints you may change the Pline that your projection line is attached to or the proportion along its length.
Re-Attach If you wish to reposition one of the Dimension Points that you have just created, click on Re-Attach. In response to the message alert, click on the projection line of the dimension point that you wish to re-attach. In response to the second message, specify (in accordance with the selected positioning option) the position that you wish to move the dimension point to. NOTE: You cannot change the type of point. If you have created a Before/After (DPBA) and it should have been a Item (DPPT), you must delete the first point and then create a new point using the correct option.
Editing a Linear Dimension

The menu bar across the top of the Linear/Angular Dimensions form gives you further control over the appearance of a dimension. The menu allows you to control positional attributes relating to the dimension and its text, and to insert gaps.
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Dimensioning
Moving a Dimension Select the Dimension line that you wish to move by clicking on it, then Select Position>Dimension>Cursor from the Linear/Angular Dimensions form menu bar. Click on the point where you wish the dimension line (or a projection of it) to pass through. This will move, with the projection lines being redrawn accordingly.
Projection Line Clearance Select the Projection line that you wish to modify by clicking on it. Select Position>Clearance>Cursor from the Linear/Angular Dimensions menu bar. Click on the point where you wish the projection line clearance to extend to. Selecting Position>Clearance>Default will reset the projection line clearance using the default clearance value cascaded down from the owning Layer. Moving Dimension Text Select the text that you wish to move by clicking on it. Select Position>Dimension Text>Cursor from the Linear/Angular Dimensions menu bar. Click on the point where you wish the dimension text origin to move to. The origin is at the centre of and one character height below the text. If the text is moved so as to be coincident with a dimension line, a gap will automatically be inserted in the line. Note that if there is insufficient space between the ends of two projection lines to enable the dimension line text to be fitted in parallel to the dimension line it will be automatically rotated by 90 degrees. Reducing the text character size may result in there being enough room to display the text parallel to the dimension line. Clicking on the text and selecting Position>Dimension Text>Default will reset the dimension text offset to its default value (i.e. the value currently set at Dimension (LDIM) level).
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Dimensioning
Moving Projection Line Text Select the text that you wish to move by clicking on it. Select Position>Projection Text>Cursor from the Linear/Angular Dimensions menu bar. Click on the point where you wish the projection line text origin to move to. The default origin is at the bottom righthand corner of the text, but this will be different if the texts justification is not the default one. Clicking on the text and selecting Position>Projection Text>Default will reset the projection text offset to its default value (i.e. the value currently set at Dimension (LDIM) level). Projection Line Text Justification Select the text you wish to re-justify by clicking on it. Select Projection>Justification from the Linear/Angular Dimensions menu bar. Select the required justification from the submenu. Towards is the default. Towards sets the text so that the first character is towards the dimension line. Centre sets the middle character and Away aligns the last character with the dimension line Projection Line Text Select the text that you wish to change by clicking on it. Select Projection>Line Text from the Linear/Angular Dimensions menu bar. Select Off or the required source from the submenu. Projection Angle This selection will give you the following options on the current projection line text:Standard, Horizontal, Vertical or Default. Dim>Angle Selecting this menu will allow you to change the dimension text to Standard, Horizontal, Vertical, External, Parallel or Default. Gap Creation Up to ten gaps may be inserted in the projection line. Note that if the position of a Dimension is changed so as to substantially alter the path of the projection line then it will be redrawn solid until the gaps are redefined. Select the projection line that you wish to insert a gap in by clicking on it. Select Gap>Create from the Linear/Angular Dimensions menu bar. Selecting Default from the submenu and clicking on the projection line will produce a defaultlength gap (2mm) centred on the hit point. Selecting Start/Finish from the submenu allows you to create a gap by clicking on the required start and end points. By holding down the left mouse key , after selecting the start point, then as the cursor is moved a
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Dimensioning
graphic aid circle will be drawn showing the size of the gap. To select end point release mouse key. Gap Deletion Select the projection line containing the gap(s) that you wish to delete by clicking on it. Select Gap>Delete from the Linear/Angular Dimensions menu bar. Selecting Identify from the submenu requires you to click on the gap that you wish to delete, which will then be deleted. Selecting All deletes all gaps from the currently selected projection line. Attributes If you wish to change attributes relating to a Dimension Point, then select the Atts option at the top of the form. This will display a pull down menu with the options Definition, Dimension, Projection. If Definition is selected, a form Modify Linear Dimension (similar to the form Create Linear Dimension) will be displayed. Make the appropriate changes. If Dimension is selected, a Dimension Attributes form will be displayed allowing you to change the pen and font for the dimension line. Finally, if Projection is selected, a Projection Attributes form will be displayed. The Projection Attributes form allows you to vary the pen and font relating to the projection line. Click on Apply when you have finished changing the attributes.
Creating Angular Dimensions

The simplest type of Angular Dimension consists of a pair of directions in the Design model (the dimension directions) which radiate out from the dimension origin. These directions are projected onto the drawing and are represented by projection lines. Between these lines a dimension arc is drawn centred upon the dimension origin. Each dimension arc and projection line may have a piece of text associated with it. Angular Dimensions share many of the properties of Linear Dimensions; they may be single or multivalued, chained or parallel, or truncated. Creation of Angular Dimensions Select Create>Dimension Angular from the Dimensioning Menu. A Create Angular Dimension form will appear.
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Dimensioning
The Clockwise/Anticlockwise/Standard/Reversed selections define the rotational sense of the minor arc from the first to the second dimension points. The Terminator button allows you select which symbol will be displayed at the termination of a Dimension line, if at all. You may choose from Arrows, Dots, Obliques or Off. First Terminator button allows you to set a different terminator for the first dimension line than that used for all the others. Note is function is only available for the Truncate type of dimensions. The Projection Line text options given by the Text option button are: Off -no text Item Name -name of hit item Click on OK, then click with the pointer on the item at which you wish the dimension to have its origin (i.e. the point from which the angular dimension directions will radiate; a message alert is displayed). The Linear/Angular Dimensions form is displayed.
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Dimensioning
This is the same form as for Linear Dimensions and its use is the same as previously explained.
Editing an Angular Dimension

The menu bar across the top of the Linear/Angular Dimensions form gives you further control over the appearance of a dimension. The menu allows you to control positional attributes relating to the dimension and its text, and to insert gaps. Use as explained for Linear Dimensions.
Creating Radial Dimensions

A Radial Dimension is a form of linear dimension which may be used to draw radius and diameter dimensions of circular elements. Radial Dimensions have a dimension centre defined by the attribute DDNM, normally the origin of the element dimensioned. To create a Radial Dimension select Create>Dimension>Toolbar from the Dimensioning menu. This will display a Dimensions form of icons which allows you to create all types of Dimensions.
The Linear and Angular Icons will display the Linear/Angular Dimensions form as explained previously.
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Dimensioning
For Radial Dimensions select On Item or Vertex, then the Radius icon. The Radial Dimension form (as shown below) will appear, after the prompt to select the item to dimension.
To change the dimension line select Re-Attach and mark the new item. Select Geometry to move the dimension about its origin. The Geometry option highlights the dimension and allows you to dynamically move parts of the dimension by selecting and dragging them to required position. The Gap and Attributes options from the top menu bar offers the options for creating gaps in leader lines and changing the attributes of the Definition, Dimension and Projection lines, in the same way as for Linear Dimensions.
For Diameters select On Item or Vertex, then the Diameter icon. The Diametral Dimension form (as shown below) will appear, after the prompt to select the item to dimension. To change the dimension line select Re-Attach and mark the new item. Select Geometry to move the dimension about its origin.
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Dimensioning
The Gap and Attributes options from the top menu bar offers the options for creating gaps in leader lines and changing the attributes of the Definition, Dimension and Projection lines, in the same way as for Linear Dimensions. The last form of Dimensioning is the Pitch Circle Diameter (PCD). This is a form of Radial dimension From the Dimension Toolbar, choose From Item, From Ppoint, From Vertex, or From 3D Pos and pick the centre of the P.C.D. Then choose To Item, To Ppoint, To Vertex or To 3D Pos and select the item on the P.C.D. (This could be nozzles positioned around a Column). The following form will be displayed
All the options on this form are the same as for Radial dimensions, with the addition of the option Dim. This selection allows the user to change the angle of the dimension text to Standard, Horizontal, Vertical or Default.
Modifying Dimensioning Elements

All DRAFT dimensioning elements can be modified, starting from the Modify field on the DRAFT Dimensioning Menu. The procedure for modifying an element is very similar to that for creating it; refer to the preceding sections of this chapter for details of element creation. Modifying Linear or Angular Unless the Dimension you wish to modify is the current element, you must have a 2D View on display which includes the dimension. Select the Modify pull down menu from the Dimensioning Menu. There are a number of actions available to you:
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Dimensioning
Dimension Definition displays the Modify Linear or Angular or Radial/P.C.D. Dimension form. From this form you may change some of the dimension attributes like Text and Terminators. Dimension Colour & Font displays the Dimension Colour & Font form that will allow you to change the text pen colour, the font size and style and the line style and colour for the selected Dimension. Dimension Line displays the Dimension Attributes form that will allow you to change the text pen colour, the font size and style and the line style and colour for the selected Dimension. Projection Line displays the Projection Attributes form that will allow you to change the text pen colour and the projection line colour, style and overshoot. Dimension Points displays the Linear/Angular or Radial Dimension form depending which type dimension has been selected for modifying. From here you may Re-Attach the Dimension, add Gaps or change most attributes. Dimension Blanking displays the Blank Dims form that allows you to blank or unblank all dimensions or selected dimensions:
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Exercise 3
1. Using the Sheet you created in Exercise 2, dimension it in accordance with Dimensioning Example Sheet 1 in Appendix D. Use Modify Mode to move the dimensions as required. 2. Modify the dimensions created in 1 to use the different Dimension Types, see Dimensioning Example Sheet 2. Modify the Clearance and Overshoot and create Gaps using the Linear/Angular Dimensions form menu. 3. Modify the view further but adding Dimension and Projection Line Text shown on Dimensioning Example Sheet 3. Modify the Dimension and Projection Lines and Text to colours of your choice using Modify>Layer>Attributes from the main menu. 4. Create an aligned linear dimension that displays the true distance between the two equipment nozzles shown on Dimensioning Example Sheet 3. 5. Create a new layer called IMP_DIMS and create Imperial dimensions on this layer as shown on Dimensioning Example Sheet 3. Change the Dimension and Projection Line Pens for this layer to Dashed and a colour of your choice.
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Session
Labelling
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to: Label Design elements in your views. Create General Labels. Set attributes to modify General Labels. Create Symbolic Layers. Modify Symbolic Labels.
Must Know Points

At the end of this session you will be able to explain: The difference between General Labels and Symbolic labels. How to create and modify Labels. The use of Label Blanking. Remote and Local Label Intelligent placement.
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Labelling
To enter the Labelling application select Draft>Labelling from the DRAFT General bar menu. This will close the application you are currently running and load the Labelling application. Draft applications may also be selected from the icon from the Draft top bar menu.
Once the application has been loaded, you will see that the DRAFT General bar menu has been replaced with DRAFT Labelling bar menu. The first four options (Draft-Query) have not changed, these are the same in every application. The other options on this menu are exclusively for the creation and modifying of labels. Under the options on the DRAFT Labelling bar menu there are three buttons. These buttons are used for setting the sheet, layer and whether that layer is on or off. The sheet button allows the selection of any sheet that has been previously selected and added to the list. This button supplies a list of your current working sheets rather than all available sheets. If the required sheet is not in the list then you will have to add it by using Draft >Select Work Sheet option. This will display the Drawing Selection form. Select the required DEPT, REGI, DRWG and Sheet and click the OK button.
If the element required has been created since you first entered DRAFT or since your last update of this form, use the Re-load button in the top right hand corner of the form. This will Re-load the full Members List into this form. Having completed this select your required Sheet. A sheet may also be added to the working sheet list by navigating to the element and selecting the plus key on the form main menus (shown above). Selection of a sheet from the above from DRAFT main bar menu causes the selected sheet to be added to the Main Display. The Layers button allows you to make all items held by that Layer to either invisible (OFF) or visible (ON). The button positioned to the right of the ON/OFF button lists all the Layers which are currently owned by your current View whos Purpose attribute is set to LAB or TAG
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Labelling
or any other Purpose defined to be used for Labelling. Layers which have their PUR attribute set to something other than LAB or TAG or other defined Labelling Purpose will not be displayed in this application. Note: Other Layer Purposes may be defined by the Draft Administrator for use with Labelling.
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Labelling
DRAFT Labelling
Labels are a form of drawing annotation, comprising text and/or graphics, associated with Design items. The Label elements are the General Label (GLAB), and the Symbolic Label (SLAB). SLABs are similar to GLABs except that they are generated from templates (which can contain 2D primitives) defined by the Symbol Template (SYTM) element rather than simple text. Label elements exist as members of Layers. SLAB templates (Symbol Templates and Text Templates, (TXTMs)) exist as members of Label Libraries (LALBs). The relevant part of the DRAFT database hierarchy is shown below.
LAYE
LIBY
LALB
GLAB
SLAB
TXTM
SYTM
DDNM
DDNM
TMRF
Design database
General Label and Symbolic Label elements are owned by Layers, which are in turn owned by VIEWs. The Symbols & Labels menu allows you to create all four types of element. The main features of a Label are: Label Attachment Point. The 2D VIEW position equivalent to a userspecified p point or (by default) the origin of the Design item with which the Label is associated. Label Origin. A position within the body of the Label which is used to position it. Label Position. A 2D position within the VIEW at which the Labels origin is placed; this may be an absolute VIEW position or a position relative to the Labels attachment point. Leader Line. A line from the connection point to the Label attachment point.
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Leader Line Connection Point. A position, defined relative to the Label origin, to which the leader line is drawn.
Using Symbols in DRAFT

Creating Label and Symbol Layers Labels are owned by Layers, Symbol Instances (as well as 2D drafting primitives and text) by Notes. This section describes how to create both element types. Whenever a VIEW is created, a set of (empty) Layers each with a different purpose, will automatically be created beneath it, as set up by your System Administrator. However, you can create additional Layers if you wish Starting at VIEW level, select Create>Layer. A Layer (LAYE) element will be created automatically, and a Create LAYE form will appear. The Name text box will contain the automatically assigned Layer name, which you can change if you wish. Click on OK. The Layer you have just created will appear in the Layer button, located on the Draft Labels bar menu, with its Purpose set to LAB, this is because you are using the Labels Application. Layer Definition To change any of the Layer Definition select Modify > Layer > Definition. If you wish to rename the Layer, backspace in the Name text box and type in the new name. Should you wish to change the Layers Purpose then this may be carried out by selecting the Layer purpose using the Purpose option button. Choose whether the Layer is to be visible or not using the Visible option button. If you wish the Layer display attribute settings to be other than the defaults, click on the Attributes button. The Visibility can also be set from the Draft Labels bar menu. Layer Attributes A Layer Attributes form will be displayed, the particular type depending on the Purpose setting. Each Layer Attributes form allows those attributes relevant to the Layers purpose to be modified. The Layer attribute settings which may be made from these forms will be used as the default settings (overidable at local level) for all elements which are subsequently created under the Layer. For all the Layer Attributes forms, Line pen definitions (including those used for hatch patterns) may be set using the option buttons on the form, or may be chosen
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from a predefined set. (This set will probably have been set up by your system administrator to be standard for the project.) Click on the appropriate UserDefined radio button, then click on the Reselect button. A Select User-Defined Pen form will appear. This form is identical to that available for use when creating Drawings.
Creating General Labels

To create a General Label you must have a 2D view on display that includes the VIEW within which you wish to create the Label along with the Design element that it is to be attached to. The VIEW Layer that you wish the Labels to appear on is selected from the Draft Labels bar menu. Select Create>General>Label. If necessary, identify the VIEW to which the Symbolic Label is to be added by acting on the message that appears. A General Labels form will appear:
The processes of creating a Label, adding it to the VIEW, resizing it, moving it, manipulating its leader line and defining the element type it is to attach to are also controlled from this form. Select the element type that you wish to label from the Attach to option button. The default list consists of significant elements; selecting Menu from the bottom of the list gives a list of nonsignificant element menus. Select Significant Elements to return to the original list. Click on Create NEW to initiate the Label picking/copying process. Many of the features of the Symbolic Labels form are common to the General Labels form. If you wish to change the attributes of the Label, select from the Attributes option button the class of attributes that you wish to modify. Going down the list, Text
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Labelling
Settings, Text Contents, Frame or Leader Line form will be displayed, as appropriate. For Label text settings, the pen, font, justification and alignment are all selectable from the relevant option buttons on the Label Text Attributes form. The text character height, spacing and line spacing are set from the relevant text boxes. For the Label frame, the frame visibility and pen can be selected from the relevant option buttons on the Label Frame Attributes form. The frame clearance and orientation are set from the relevant text boxes. The Label leader line can be set to bent or straight via the Shape pulldown menu on the Label leader Attributes form. The available options are very similar to those available for Symbolic Labels. Leader line gaps are controllable from the Gap pull down menu. The leader line pen and terminator type are selectable from the relevant option buttons, and the leader line clearance is set from the Clearance text box. The Label text contents (i.e. intelligent text) are controlled by first selecting Text Contents from the Attributes option button. This gives the Label Contents form.
In addition to using intelligent text you may use at any point in the character string any of the Alternative Character Set (see Appendix A). To use any of these you will need to know the code for the required symbol. This code is then typed into the character string but MUST be preceded by the ~character. It is this ~ character that tells DRAFT to use the Alternative Character Set. Using the Label Contents form: Select the intelligent Label text(s) (# code(s)) that you require from the lists given by the Codewords pulldown menu at the top of the form. The selected # code(s) will appear in the Edit Buffer text box. Alternatively, the required # code(s) may be typed directly into the Edit Buffer text box, or the selected code may be edited. The operations which may be performed from the option button to the left of the Edit Window are: Cut delete highlighted # code in Edit Window list. Copy copy highlighted # code in Edit Window list.
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Paste paste # code just Cut (or Copied) into Edit Window list. Edit copy highlighted # code in Edit Window list to Edit Buffer. The operations which may be performed from the option button beneath the Edit Buffer are: Replace Buffer. Insert list. replace highlighted # code in Edit Window list with code in Edit insert # code in Edit Buffer after highlighted # code in Edit Window
NOTE: Placing several # codes in the Edit Window list can give multiline Label texts (see below). Having performed the required codeword selection, editing and Edit Window list assembly operations, click on Apply. All of the # codes in the Edit Window list will be applied to the Label. See Appendix A for examples. Moving a General Label Select Position>Label followed by Default, Cursor or Att.Point as required from the General Labels form. Default will place the (origin of the) Label at its default position. This is at a fixed offset (X25 mm, Y25mm) from the Labels attachment point. Cursor will position the Label (origin) at the pointer position when the mouse button is clicked. Att.Point will place the (origin of the) Label at its attachment point (i.e. there will be no leader line). NOTE: Labels may also be moved using the Utils>Speed Position menu selection from the Symbols & Labels menu bar. Bending the Leader Line The Label leader line can be bent (or made straight) by using the Position>Bend menu selection on the General Labels form. Make the appropriate menu selection according to the leader line shape you wish to create. A Leader Line Bend form will appear. Each Leader Line Bend form contains a small diagram of the type of leader line bend being created. Enter the required angle of bend. Note that a value must be supplied; (unless the Cursor option is used, see below) there is no default value. The position of the bend point is determined by the leader line shape selected and the angle of bend. If you wish to specify the bend point position, click on the Cursor button, then click with the pointer at the required bend point position. In this case the
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angle of bend will be calculated and displayed in the Angle box when Apply is clicked. To create a totally userdefined bent leader line (with neither horizontal nor vertical portions), select the Free(One Bend) or Free (Two Bends)? option from the Position>Bend menu selection. Enter the required X,Y offsets, using the small diagram as an aid. Alternatively, click on the Cursor button, then click with the pointer at the required bend point position. In this case the X,Y offsets will be calculated and displayed in the Offset boxes when Apply is clicked. Straight Leader Line To straighten a bent leader line, select Position>Bend>Straight from the General Labels form.
Leader Line Clearance Select Position>Clearance>Cursor from the General Labels form menu bar. Use the pointer to set the required leader line clearance. The default leader line clearance is zero. To return to this state, select Position>Clearance>Default. Gaps in Leader Line Select Gap>Create> ... from the General Labels form menu bar. Selecting Default from the submenu and clicking on the leader line will produce a defaultlength gap (2mm) centred on the hit point. Selecting Start/Finish from the submenu allows you to create a gap by clicking on the required start and end points. The deletion of a Gap may be carried out by selecting Gap>Delete> ... from the General Labels form menu bar. Selecting Identify from the submenu requires you to click on the gap that you wish to delete, which will then be deleted. Selecting All deletes all leader line gaps from the currently selected Label.
Creating Symbolic Labels

DRAFT is supplied with a comprehensive set of libraries of standard Symbolic Labels which can be picked and added to a drawing. (Your Draft Administrator may have changed the supplied Libraries to companyspecific ones.) The Labels can include intelligent text so that, for example, a Symbolic Label used on a Nozzle could display the Nozzle name and other information automatically.
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A Symbolic Label can only be added to a Layer. To add a Symbolic Label you must have a 2D Area view on display which includes the relevant VIEW containing a Design element.. Select Create >Symbolic Label. from the Draft Labels bar menu. If necessary, identify the VIEW to which the Symbolic Label is to be added by acting on the message which appears. A Symbolic Labels form and a Library form will appear.
The Symbolic Labels form allows you to select the VIEW Layer that you wish the Labels to appear on. The process of picking a Symbolic Label, adding it to the VIEW, resizing it, moving it, manipulating its leader line and defining the element type it is to attach to are also controlled from this form. The Library form is used to display the standard Symbolic Labels supplied with DRAFT. Different Libraries may be specified, each of which contains a selection of Label Libraries. Use the Layer option button (on the Draft Labels bar menu) to specify the VIEW Layer that you wish the Labels to appear on. Only Layers with the purpose attribute set to LAB will be offered. Select the element type that you wish to label from the Attach to option button. The default list consists of significant elements; selecting Menu from the bottom of the list gives a list of nonsignificant element menus. Select Significant Elements to return to the original list.
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The Library form will display those Symbolic Labels present in the Label Library whose name appears on the option button at the bottom of the form. If you dont see the Label you want, change to a different Label Library (or to a different Library) using the option buttons at the bottom of the form. The display will update accordingly. Click on Create NEW to initiate the Label picking/copying process. NOTE: The text present with some of the Library Symbolic Labels may be descriptive only and not part of the Label itself. Having initially positioned the Label on the VIEW, use the Scale and Rotate text boxes to adjust the size and orientation of the Label as necessary. If you wish to change the attributes of the Symbolic Label click on the Attributes button. The Symbolic Label Attributes form will appear. This form allows you to vary the text pen/font, leader line pen and terminators, and frame pen. These facilities are very similar to those used when creating (Label) Layers. This form also enables you vary the characteristics of the Label leader line. The same facilities are also available from the menu bar on the Symbolic Labels form itself.
Moving A Symbolic Label Select Position>Label followed by Default, Cursor or Att.Point as required from the Symbolic Labels form. Default will place the (origin of the) Label at its default position. This is at a fixed offset (X0 mm, Y0mm) from the Labels attachment point. This default can be altered by the Draft Administrator. Cursor will position the Label (origin) at the pointer position when the mouse button is clicked. Att.Point will place the (origin of the) Label at its attachment point (i.e. there will be no leader line). NOTE: Labels may also be moved using Modify Mode. Bending the Leader Line The Label leader line can be bent (or made straight) by using the Position>Bend menu selection on the Symbolic Labels form or by using the Leader>Bent (or Leader>Straight) menu selections on the Symbolic Label Attributes form. Make the appropriate menu selection (from either form) according to the leader line shape you wish to create. Each menu option refers to the shape of the leader line as it goes from the attachment point to the Label. A Leader Line Bend form will appear.
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Each Leader Line Bend form contains a small diagram of the type of leader line bend being created. Enter the required angle of bend. Note that a value must be supplied; (unless the Cursor option is used, see below) there is no default value. The position of the bend point is determined by the leader line shape selected and the angle of bend. If you wish to specify the bend point position, click on the Cursor button, then click with the pointer at the required bend point position. In this case the angle of bend will be calculated and displayed in the Angle box when Apply is clicked. To create a totally userdefined bent leader line (with neither horizontal nor vertical portions), select the Free (One Bend ) or Free (Two Bend ) option from the relevant menu. Enter the required X,Y offsets, using the small diagram as an aid. Alternatively, click on the Cursor button, then click with the pointer at the required bend point position. In this case the X,Y offsets will be calculated and displayed in the Offset boxes when Apply is clicked. NOTE: When manipulating the leader line from the Symbolic Labels form, click on Apply on the Leader Line Bend form to observe the change. When manipulating the leader line from the Symbolic Label Attributes form, click on Apply on the Leader Line Bend form, then click on Apply on the Symbolic Label Attributes form. Straight Leader Lines To straighten a bent leader line, select Position>Bend>Straight from the Symbolic Labels form or Leader>Straight from the Symbolic Label Attributes form, as appropriate. Leader Line Clearance Select Position>Clearance>Cursor from the Symbolic Labels form menu bar. Use the pointer to set the required leader line clearance. The default leader line clearance is zero. To return to this state, select Position>Clearance>Default. Leader Line Connection Select Position>Connection Point from the Symbolic Labels form menu bar, or select Leader>Connection Point from the Symbolic Label Attributes form menu bar. A Connection Point form will appear. Enter the required X,Y connection point offsets into the text boxes. Alternatively, click on the Cursor button, then click with the pointer at the required connection
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point position. In this case the X,Y offsets will be calculated and displayed in the X, Y boxes when OK is clicked. The default connection point offset is zero (i.e. the connection point is coincident with the Label origin). To return to this state, click on the Default button.
Gaps in Leader Lines Select Gap>Create>. . . from the Symbolic Labels form menu bar or Leader>Gap>Create> . . . from the Symbolic Label Attributes form menu bar. Note that a limit, which can not be altered, of maximum 10 gaps per projection line is in force. Selecting Default from the submenu and clicking on the leader line will produce a defaultlength gap (2mm) centred on the hit point, this value may be changed by the Draft Administrator as with all defaults. Selecting Start/Finish from the submenu allows you to create a gap by clicking on the required start and end points. Deletion of Gaps is achieved by selecting Gap>Delete> ... from the Symbolic Labels form menu bar or Leader>Gap>Delete> ... from the Symbolic Label Attributes form menu bar. Selecting Identify from the submenu requires you to click on the gap that you wish to delete, which will then be deleted. Selecting All deletes all leader line gaps from the currently selected Label.
Creating a Pipe End Symbol

Pipeend symbols may be created, automatically sized to the relevant pipe diameter. This option requires that a VIEW be set up such that the applicable tubing is normal to the paper. Note that tubes that have no piping Components cannot have a pipe end symbol attached to them. Starting at Layer level, select Create>Pipe End Label. Use the pointer to identify an element on the pipe where the end symbol is to appear. Provided the chosen element satisfies the direction requirement stated above, the pipeend symbol will appear. NOTE: Use Global or Universal Hidden Line representation.
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Modifying Labels
Label Visibility All DRAFT Symbol and Label elements that can be created can also be modified, starting from the Modify field on the Symbols & Labels menu. The procedure for modifying an element is very similar to that for creating it; refer to the preceding sections of this chapter for details of element creation. Hide/Show Labels Label visibility can be toggled. To hide a Label, select Modify>Label Visibility from the Draft Labels bar menu. The Label Visibility form will be displayed.
Selecting the Scope button will allow you to select labels for the whole sheet, a selected view or a selected layer. The Hide and Show options allow you to select All for all the labels, or Identified to allow you to select the label(s). The Display Hidden Labels button will show all hidden labels in a different colour to displayed labels. Label Blanking
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The geometry for the blanked area is determined by the geometry of the annotation element: for example, a circular label will define a circular area where no 3D graphics will appear. Overlapping 2D graphics, text and other annotation graphics will not be hidden. Note that if Blanking is switched off, operations such as zooming and panning will be quicker. The Modify Blanking form works in the same way as the Label Visibility form. There is on this form the option to define the size area to be created around the selected label. To define the size area to be blanked enter a value to the Blank Margin field and as labels are selected the Blanking Margin will be applied. Note, there is a button to allow all labels that have already be blanked to be highlighted. As before this may be carried out on a sheet, view or layer bases. Label Placement
This facility helps to tidy up crowded areas of labelling, minimising Label overlap and leader-line crossing. As well as changing label positions this facility may also be used to change Label orientations, text justification, alignments, and the definition of leader-line shapes. Select This area of the form allows you to Add or Remove Labels to be spread using a spreading list.
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CE's Labels Selects and individual Label (the current Label element) or all the Labels in the current VIEW or Layer. Owner's Labels Selects all the Labels of a Layer or VIEW. ID Label Allows a series of individual Labels to be picked. ID Design Allows a series of individual Labels attached to significant Design elements to be picked. 2D Window Allows all Labels within a cursor-defined window to be picked. List Allows Labels in predefined lists to be selected. Gives the Select List form.
Position Labels may be positioned Remotely or Locally. Having selected the required placement position clicking on the Definition button adjacent to your choice displays the relevant label definition form. Remote causes Labels to be positioned around the VIEW border. Selection of the definition button will display Remote Label Placement form.
This form allows you to set the positioning parameters for remote Label spreading to be set. Region The Labels may be spread around a rectangular region defined by the Cursor. The coordinates of the region will appear in the X Y boxes (from where they may be modified). View Margin The Labels may be spread around a given margin of the current VIEW boundary.
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Minimum gap between labels Defines the minimum gap between the labels in mm. Use By default, all four sides of the VIEW border will be used to spread the Labels along, but one or more sides may be omitted if required. Automatic Orientation Allows or suppresses automatic rotation of the Labels along the top and bottom sides of the VIEW border. Local Causes Labels to be positioned around their significant design elements. The Same option if selected will cause the entered value to be copied into the other window, e.g. In the case below set X to 25 this will be copied to Y when the Enter button on the keyboard is used to confirm the setting. Selection of OK will have the same effect.
The spread offset of the Labels from their attachment points can be specified directly using the X Offset, Y Offset boxes or indirectly using a Radius and an Angle.
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Exercise 4
1. Using the same Drawing as Exercise 3, create General Labels for the equipment items and nozzles as shown on Labelling Example Sheet 1 in Appendix D. 2. Modify the General Labels you created in 1. to include extra textual information, change of character size, spacing, etc. as shown in Labelling Example Sheet 2. 3. Modify the General Labels again to change the leader lines as shown in Labelling Example Sheet 3. 4. Turn the default USER_Labs layer OFF. Create a new layer called SYMB_Labs and add some Symbolic Labels for the nozzles. 5. Turn the User_Labs layer OFF and create a new layer called NOZZ_Labs and create simple General Labels, with no frame, for all visible nozzles. Use Modify>Label Placement from the main menu to arrange the labels locally and remotely.
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Session
2D Drafting
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to: Create and Modify 2D Drafting base elements. Create and Modify 2D primitives. Use the 2D Drafting construction options. Use the 2D Utilities.
Must Know Points

At the end of this session you will be able to explain: The 2D Drafting Hierarchy. The difference between View Notes and Sheet Notes. The different types of 2D primitives. The 2D Drafting Settings
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2D Drafting
To enter the Labelling application select Draft>2D Drafting from the DRAFT General bar menu. This will close the application you are currently running and load the 2D Drafting application. Draft applications may also be selected from the icon from the Draft top bar menu.
Once the application has been loaded, you will see that the DRAFT General bar menu has been replaced with DRAFT 2D Drafting bar menu. The first four options (Draft-Query) have not changed, these are the same in every application. The other options on this menu are exclusively for the creation and modifying of dimensions2D Drafting elements. Under the options on the DRAFT 2D Drafting bar menu there are three buttons. These buttons are used for setting the sheet, layer and whether that layer is on or off.
The sheet button allows the selection of any sheet that has been previously selected and added to the list. This button supplies a list of your current working sheets rather than all available sheets. If the required sheet is not in the list then you will have to add it by using Draft >Select Work Sheet option. This will display the Drawing Selection form. Select the required DEPT, REGI, DRWG and Sheet and click the OK button.
If the element required has been created since you first entered DRAFT or since your last update of this form, use the Re-load button in the top right hand corner of the form. This will Re-load the full Members List into this form. Having completed this selects your required Sheet. A sheet may also be added to the working sheet list by navigating to the element and selecting the plus key on the form main menus (shown above).
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2D Drafting
Selection of a sheet from the above from DRAFT main bar menu causes the selected sheet to be added to the Main Display. The Layers button allows you to make all items held by that Layer to either invisible (OFF) or visible (ON). The button positioned to the right of the ON/OFF button lists all the Layers which are currently owned by your current View whos Purpose attribute is set to NOT or any other Purpose defined to be used for 2D Drafting. Layers which have their PUR attribute set to something other than NOTE or other defined 2D Drafting Purpose, will not be displayed in this application. NOTE: Other Layer Purposes may be defined by the Draft Administrator for use with 2D Drafting. This section details the general drafting facilities given by the 2D Drafting menu. NOTE: It is assumed in this section that the database Libraries containing standard Backing/Overlay Sheets, Representation Rules, Labels, Drawing Lists, Tag Rules, Circulation Lists and Symbols have been correctly installed. (Ask your System Administrator if you are not sure.) It is further assumed that the Libraries supplied by AVEVA Ltd are being used. Your Draft Administrator may have installed Libraries specific to your company.
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2D Drafting
The 2D Drafting Hierarchy

This section covers only the part of the DRAFT Hierarchy that relates to 2D Drafting. Below is a diagram showing the related elements and at what level in the hierarchy they may be created. All of these elements, with the exception of extra Layers, can be created as you add extra 2D Elements your Sheet or View.
SHEE
NOTE
VIEW
LAYE
VNOT
CIRC ELLI RECT TABL ETRI DMND HEXA MRKP STRA ARC OUTL
TEXP
SYMB
Creating 2D Drafting Base Elements

2D Drafting primitives can only exist as members of Sheet Notes (NOTE elements) or Layer Notes (VNOT) elements. By default, these elements will be created automatically whenever a Sheet or Layer element is created, but you can create additional ones if you wish. Whenever a VIEW is created, a number of Layers (each with a different purpose) are automatically created, but you can create additional Layers if you wish via the
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2D Drafting
Create>Layer from the Draft 2D Drafting bar menu. The creation and modification of Layer is carried out as with other applications. Selection of a particular Sheet or Layer Note is from the Draft 2D Drafting bar menu, as is the setting of visibility. Creation of Notes Notes (for use by 2D drafting, text and symbol elements) may be created at Sheet (Sheet Note) or Layer (Layer Note) level. To create a Note, simply navigate to the appropriate element and select Create>Note. A Sheet Note (NOTE element) or a Layer Note (VNOT element) will be created, as appropriate. These, as they are created, are added to the list of available Notes shown on the Draft 2D Drafting bar menu. Creating a Copy The Create>Copy pulldown menu on the application menu bar enables you to create a copy of a Drawing (DRWG), Sheet (SHEE), Sheet Note (NOTE), VIEW, Layer (LAYE), or Layer Note (VNOT). All selections give the Copy form (the form title will show as Copy followed by the type code of the element that is being copied). The name of the element that is to be copied appears in the Copy text box. The name to be given to the copy must be typed into the Rename text box. The Copy Into list enables you to choose an element which is to own the copy. Obviously a sensible choice must be made, e.g. a Sheet must be chosen as the Copy Into element for a VIEW. The chosen element name will appear in the Rename text box - add the required element name to the end of the hierarchy pathname.
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2D Drafting
Drawing - copies a Drawing (DRWG). An element owned by the DRWG may be chosen. The Copy facility will automatically navigate upwards to the DRWG. Sheet - copies a Sheet (SHEE). If the current element is above the relevant SHEE in the hierarchy, an element owned by the SHEE must be cursoridentified. If the current element is below the relevant SHEE in the hierarchy, the Copy facility will automatically navigate upwards to the SHEE. Sheet Note - copies a Note (NOTE). If the current element is above the relevant Note in the hierarchy, an element owned by the Note must be cursoridentified. If the current element is below the relevant Note in the hierarchy, the Copy facility will automatically navigate upwards to the NOTE. View - copies a VIEW. If the current element is above the relevant VIEW in the hierarchy, an element owned by the VIEW, or the VIEW itself, must be cursor identified. If the current element is below the relevant VIEW in the hierarchy, the Copy facility will automatically navigate upwards to the VIEW. Layer - copies a Layer (LAYE). If the current element is above the relevant LAYE in the hierarchy, an element owned by the LAYE must be cursoridentified. If the current element is below the relevant LAYE in the hierarchy, the Copy facility will automatically navigate upwards to the LAYE. Layer Note - copies a Layer Note (VNOT). If the current element is above the relevant VNOT in the hierarchy, an element owned by the VNOT must be cursor identified. If the current element is below the relevant VNOT in the hierarchy, the Copy facility will automatically navigate upwards to the VIEW.
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2D Drafting
Modifying 2D Drafting Base Elements

All 2D Drafting base elements which can be created can also be modified, starting from the Modify field on the 2D Drafting menu. The procedure for modifying an element is very similar to that for creating it; refer to the preceding section for details of element creation. It is assumed that since the modification of these elements is the same as in other chapters, there is no need to cover this again.
Deleting Elements On the application menu bar is the Delete pulldown men u. Delete>CE deletes the current element (and its members), Delete>Members deletes the members of the current element. Delete>Owner deletes the current element owner (and its members) Delete>Owner Members deletes the members of the current elements owner. Delete>Group Members deletes those elements that have been defined as forming a group. All constituents of the group will be deleted.
2D Drafting Primitives
These are basic geometric shapes which can be drawn on a Sheet Note or a Layer Note. The primitives exist in the hierarchy as members of NOTEs, VNOTEs or SYTMs. Primitives which exist as members of VNOTs may have their dimensions and positions defined in terms of 3D Design values. There are eleven types of geometric primitive elements corresponding to the shapes shown in Appendix A.
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2D Drafting
Creating 2D Primitives Starting at Sheet level (to create primitives on a Sheet Note) or Layer level (to create primitives on a Layer Note), select Draw>Primitives from the 2D Drafting bar menu. The Draw form will appear:
Select the required primitive shape using the icons on the form. If the primitive you require is already displayed, simply doubleclick on its icon. Otherwise, hold down the lefthand mouse button over the relevant icon to reveal a display of alternative icons. Move to the required icon then release the mouse button. For all primitives except Symbols (the S icon), the Point Construction Option Form will appear. The prompt text included in this form tells you what to do next. The text will vary according to the type of primitive being created. Point Construction Option Form The point construction options (listed under the Option button on the Point Construction Option Form) enable you to position primitives at points defined in terms of other points rather than at explicit (or cursorderived) positions. For example, the endpoint of a line could be defined as being at the endpoint of an arc, or at the centre of a circle. Use the cursor to define the drafting points for the primitive concerned. A drafting point in this context is a position reference for the primitive. For example a line has a From point and a To point or a midpoint, a circle has a centre, etc. Select from the Option button the type of point you wish to use for each drafting point of the primitive, then proceed as indicated by the prompt text on the Point Construction Option Form. When you have finished, Cancel the form. The point construction options may be interpreted as follows. 2d Cursor hit simply requires a cursor hit, as when not using point construction at all. This option will usually be at the top of the Option list (as the default point construction option), although this can be changed. End point of derives a position as the endpoint of an existing primitive. This would typically be a line or an arc, but it could also be the end of a line within a closed polyline primitive (i.e. a rectangle, triangle etc), or a line or arc within an outline (open or closed). Click on the appropriate primitive (nearest the endpoint that you wish to use). Line definitions of other elements (such as one side of an EQUI, or a line that comprises a piece of a design item shown in a VIEW) may be extracted by the cursor.
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2D Drafting
Centre pt of derives a position as the centre of an existing circle, arc, ellipse, rectangle, hexagon, table, diamond or equilateral triangle. Click on the primitive whose centre point you wish to use. Mid point of derives a position as the midpoint of an existing line or arc. Click on the primitive whose midpoint you wish to use. The required midpoint could also be that of one side of a closed polyline primitive, e.g. a rectangle or an outline. Line definitions of other elements (such as a line that comprises a piece of a design item shown in a VIEW) can be extracted by cursor. Mid pt between derives a position as the midpoint of two other points. Each point to be used could be a simple 2D position or a drafting point on an existing primitive. Intersection at derives a position as the point at the intersection of two primitives, which must be chosen from the set straight line (which could be one side of a closed polyline primitive, e.g. a rectangle), arc or circle, although lineparts of more complex primitives may be identified by cursor. An ellipse is also an allowable primitive, but it is only possible to calculate the intersection point between an ellipse and a straight line. Inter. between derives a position as the point at the intersection of two cursor identified primitives. NOTE: In the case of connected lines, continual clicking in response to the Identify To point message will create a series of connected lines until Cancel is clicked on. With orthogonal lines, the To points need only be input approximately. In the case of Outlines, the Point Construction Option Form gives the further options of Straight or Curved spans to be drawn to the cursoridentified vertex point. An option to close the outline (i.e. draw a span from the last vertex back to the first) is also given. When inserting a new vertex, a straight span will result if the TO and THROUGH points are coincident, a curved span otherwise.
Creating 2D Primitives from Icon Selection

Lines
This calls the Point Construction Option Form from which you may choose how to define your first point (From Point). After defining the from point you may, if required, change the point definition option. Now make a second point definition (To Point), a straight line will be drawn connecting the two points and the points will be removed. If you require a line of a known length you must create it as above and then use Edit > Primitive to set the length or other attributes.
5-9
2D Drafting
Creates a linked set of straight lines. This follows the same rules as above, although in this case you may define as many points as is required. After defining the to point of the last line click the cancel button on the Point Construction Option Form to end.
Creates orthogonal lines and follows the same rules as for Linked Straight Lines but moves the to point so that the line created is always perpendicular to the previous line.
Allows you to sketch a line between design points and 2D or 3D points. Set the type of point for the From and To points, and press Create new line. You will be prompted to pick the points. The ends of the line can be repositioned by pressing the Position buttons. You will be prompted to pick a new position. Outlines
This calls the Point Construction Option Form from which you may choose how to define your first point (From Point). After definition of each point the Point Construction form will be displayed. Define all the required points then to close the Outline select the Cancel button on the Point Construction form. This action asks if the first and last points are to be connected. If Yes then a straight line is created between the two.
Similar to the Outline but is used to create Clouds. Select the required means of point definition from the Point Construction form. Create the From and To Points. Note that the arc created will dynamically change as the To Point is moved before final positioning. Repeat the process for the creation of the To Point until the required Cloud is created. To finish the Cloud select the Cancel button this will cause an arc to be used to connect the first and last points.
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2D Drafting
This option will form a curve through a set of points to provide an open or closed outline.
This allows you to insert Vertices into either an Outline or Cloud.
Arcs
Arc, with FROM point, TO point, THROUGH point Calls the Point Construction Option Form, allowing for the selection of the From and To points as with the other functions. Once the From and To points are defined they will be connected by a straight line which contains a marker point at its mid point. Click and hold down the left mouse button, by moving the cursor the line will be dragged to produce the required arc. To set an actual size for the radius plus all other settings use Edit > Primitive.
Arc, with CENTRE point, FROM point and subtended angle As before, select method of point definition. The first point to be defined is used as the centre for the arc. Now define a second point, this will be used to set the radius and will show, temporarily, a line joining the centre and radius points. Now define a third point. This creates the angle required for the arc. Note: the arc is drawn between the second and third points. Circles
This requires two points to be defined. The first point is the centre of the circle, the second is the radius. If when defining the radius point the left mouse key is held down a circle will be displayed which can have its size changed dynamically by moving the cursor.
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2D Drafting
This also requires definition of two points, the first being a point on the circumference. The second is the corresponding point on the opposite side of the circle. As with the above holding the mouse key down during positioning of the second point will allow dynamic size control. Ellipse
Like circle diameter creation, two points are again required this time relating to the height and width of the ellipse. The first and second point are used to define the width and can be dynamically sized as before. After the second point is positioned an ellipse is displayed. Note, the point displayed at the mid point on one of the edges is used to control the height of the ellipse. Click the left mouse key and hold, now move the mouse causing the height of the ellipse to change. Rectangle
Requires points to be defined that are opposite. As with all the functions holding down the mouse key before final positioning will dynamically display the primitive.
Table
Table, defined by opposite corner points This works in exactly the same way as creation of a rectangle. The difference is that after the second point is positioned the rectangle is divided into columns and rows, as defined by the defaults. These can be changed by Edit > Primitive. Hexagon
This is defined by its centre and radius. Define a point which is to be the centre of the hexagon followed by the point which defines the circumscribed radius.
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2D Drafting
This also requires definition of two points, the first being a point on the circumference. The second is the corresponding point on the opposite side of the hexagon. As with the above holding the mouse key down during positioning of the second point will allow dynamic size control.
Triangle
Definition of two points will create an Equilateral triangle.
Diamond
Like ellipses, creation is via two points which relate to its height and width. The first and second point are used to define the width and can be dynamically sized as before. After the second point is positioned a diamond is displayed. Note, the point displayed at the intersection of two sides is used to control the height. Click the left mouse key and hold, now move the mouse causing the height of the diamond to change.
Marker
This uses a single point definition to create a Marker Point. Changing the way in which the Marker is displayed can be done via Edit > Primitive.
Symbols
This option calls the 2D Symbols and Library forms. From here you may choose any of the 2D Symbols displayed and add them to the sheet/view.
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2D Drafting
Working with these forms is exactly the same as for creating Symbolic Labels (see Symbolic Labels section).
Text
Left justified text. This requires a single point definition to locate the text origin point. In this case the origin point will be located on the left hand side. This will also display the Modify Text form allowing text to be created, copied or modified along with the display setting attributes. To enter text click the left mouse in the area below Copy Existing... then type/delete the required text. Selection of Copy Existing will require the identification of an item of text to copy. This will be displayed in the window for any edits/additions that may be required.
Centre justified text. This requires a single point definition to locate the text origin point. In this case the origin point will be located at the middle of the bottom most line of text. This will also display the Modify Text form allowing text to be created, copied or modified along with the display setting attributes. To enter text click the left mouse in the area below Copy Existing... then type/delete the required text.
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2D Drafting
Selection of Copy Existing will require the identification of an item of text to copy, this will be displayed in the window for any edits/additions that may be required.
Right justified text. This requires a single point definition to locate the text origin point. In this case the origin point will be located on the right hand side. This will also display the Modify Text form allowing text to be created, copied or modified along with the display setting attributes. To enter text click the left mouse in the area below Copy Existing... then type/delete the required text. Selection of Copy Existing will require the identification of an item of text to copy, this will be displayed in the window for any edits/additions that may be required.
Miscellaneous Construction Options

All topics covered in this section may be selected from the Construct option from the 2D Drafting bar menu. Group The group option is selected by Construct>Group, this will display Group form. This selection does not create a group element but links all the selected elements together in such a way that Draft can track all the items owned by a group. Using groups allows you to carry out the same operation on a number of elements simultaneously.
The selection of primitives to be included in the group may be carried out by any one of three methods, these being Identified, Crossing and Window. Identified: allows the selection of individual elements. Crossing: allows you to define a region selecting all elements that are either totally or partly within the defined area.
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2D Drafting
Window: allows you to define a region selecting all elements that are totally within the defined area. After choosing the required method of element selection click the Add button, this will display a form asking that the elements are identified or that a region is defined. After completion of the selection, all group members will be changed to display the colour set, as a default, by the Setting>Group Colour option from the 2D Drafting bar menu. The Clear button will remove all elements from the group and return them back to their original colour. Remove allows individual elements to be removed from the group and returned to the original colour. The Perform Action On Group button displays the form of the same name which is used to enter, by syntax, the operation you wish to carry out on the group, ie. nlpn 6 by y20 this will change the noteline pen to show the elements as a thick dashed line style. moves all group elements 20 units in the +Y direction.
The Filter button allows the setting up of selection criteria to help in only selecting the required elements. You may not wish to select any arcs that are green from a particular Note/Vnote so by setting the Filter these items will not be selected. 2D Copy After choosing this option a message is displayed requesting the selection of a 2D primitive. You may select as many primitives as you wish. To finish the selection click the Cancel button. You must then provide an origin point. This point will be used to position the copy. Now define a point that will be used to calculate the displacement. Repeat Offset; a message will be displayed asking for all the 2D primitives required to be identified. Now you must identify an origin point, the displacement is set by defining a second point which must also be defined. The definition of the two points will display the Offset Copy form with the values of the points already entered, you may change these if required. Click OK when ready. Rows & Columns; a message will be displayed asking for all 2D primitives required to be identified. Now complete the Rows & Columns form for the spacing and number of rows and columns required. Polar; a message will be displayed asking for the all 2D primitives required to be identified. Now define a point which is to be used as the centre of rotation. Once defined, the Polar form will be displayed showing the settings for the point you defined. Complete this form as required and click OK.
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2D Drafting
Mirror A message will be displayed asking for all 2D primitives required to be identified. To define the Mirror Axis you may use one of three methods. Cursor - define two points to produce a temporary line which is used as the axis. Identified Line - select a 2D primitive line that will be used as the axis. The last option requires you to enter the position via the keyboard or cursor selections. Chamfers Identify the lines to which the chamfer is to be applied. (The first and second lines to be hit correspond to Line 1 and Line 2 to which the chamfer offsets were applied. Finally identify the quadrant where the chamfer line is to appear. This is obvious where two lines have common start/end points (as in the example on the previous page), but in the case of two crossing lines any one of four quadrants may be chosen. Fillets Identify the lines to which the fillet is to be applied, and finally identify the quadrant where the fillet arc is to appear. This is obvious where two lines have common start/end points, but in the case of two crossing lines any one of four quadrants may be chosen. Parallel Lines Identify the line that is to be copied. A copy will be created at a default setting which can be altered on the Parallel Line form. The Invert button changes the direction of the copy Tangent Line This will draw a line tangent with two circles or arcs. The tangent will be drawn depending on where you select the circle. A form will be displayed that will allow you to reselect either points on the circles to define a different tangent. Where the tangent is between arcs you also have the option to trim the arc to the connection point of the tangent.
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2D Drafting
Ray Line A Ray Line is a form of construction line. You will be prompted for two points. The first point is the start point, the second point is the through point. The line will continue to the edge of the sheet. A form will be displayed which will allow you to change the X and Y values of the through point and the angle of the line. It is also possible to use the Edit>Line Trim option to cut the line back from the sheet edge. Constructed Line This option will allow you to draw an infinite line through two given points. It is also possible to use the Edit>Line Trim option to cut the line back from the sheet edge. Bisector Line This will construct a line that bisects the angle formed by two selected lines. The bisector will start at the intersection of the two selected lines and continue to the sheet edge. A Bisector may also be trimmed using the Edit>Line Trim option. Local Symbols Local Symbols are created from the Construct option of the 2D Drafting bar menu. These symbols can be created at any time and are local to the PDMS database REGI being used. To create select the Construct>Local Symbol option and Identify the primitives required for the symbol. Define a point which is to be the datum for the symbol. All that is now required is that a meaningful name is given to this symbol. Once created, Local Symbols can be selected and added to your drawing as required, in a similar way to Symbolic Labels (covered earlier). To select a Local Symbol select the Draw>Local Symbol option This displays the Local Symbol form which contains all symbols available for selection. When the correct symbol is shown click on it. After the OK you may place as required. NOTE: Local Symbols are your own personal symbols and are not available to other users. The definition will be lost on leaving PDMS unless you do a Display>Save>Forms and Display. The graphics will remain on the sheet however. Edit Edit>Primitive- This allows you to alter the attribute settings for the selected primitive. Before selection of this option you must have already selected the primitive to be edited. Once selected the Modify primitive type Attributes form will be displayed to allow the resetting of the attributes. When finished click Apply, Reset will return the last saved settings. Edit>Move Primitive/Node To- Note that when the the Edit>Move Primitive/Node To is selected that all nodes on all primitives will be shown to aid selection. Once selected, depending on the option selected from the submenu, a form will be
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2D Drafting
displayed for you to position were this node should now be positioned. Note centres of arcs, circles etc. are not moved. Edit>Move Primitive By-This allows you to move the whole primitive by a distance which is either calculated by the entering of two cursor points or entering the amount to move in the X and Y directions. Edit>Move Node By- This allows you to reposition a Node on a primitive thereby changing the shape of the primitive. Edit>Line Gap- Allows the creation of a Gap which may have a length of Zero, Default or defined by its Start and Finish points. Edit>Line Trim- Is used to Trim line or arc to another arc or line which is to be selected. Edit>Rotate- This will allow the selected element/s to be rotated about a selected point by a user defined angle. Edit>Demolish Symbol- This will break the links created when defining a Local Symbol see above. Edit>Action Group- This will call up the Perform Action on Group form were you can enter syntax to perform a particular action on the whole group, ie change the colour that its displayed in etc.
2D Settings
Menu choices from the Settings menu are covered in Module M20 Advanced Drawing Production, however, the following settings are applicable to 2D Drafting: Group Filter This calls the Group Filtering form from which you may set the defaults required to be used when building groups
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2D Drafting
To use this form you will need to set the items required for each of the three columns. When selected to be active they are shown as white text on a black background. The default setting for each column is ALL. If you wish to change the selection first switch the button below the column to None causing all items to be deselected. You may now select the required items for the filter. Do this for all columns. When the filter is used by the GROUP form the primitives selected will be checked against the filter data and ones which match will not then be checked by the remaining selectors. The primitives will be selected, first its TYPE, then its COLOUR is checked and so on. Icon Menu Style
This calls the Menu Style form. This form is used to set up the style in which you would like the Icons for 2D Drafting to be displayed. The button in the centre of the form will show the possible configurations, the number of columns will be automatically set depending on the selection. This figure may be altered if required.
2D Utilities
Bottom of the Utilities pull-down menu The facilities available from the Utilities pulldown menu enable you to perform a number of unrelated tasks. The general options are covered in Section 9. Although there are some extra Utility option just for 2D Drafting. Load Text A Load Text From File form will appear. If the text file you wish to load is not in the Local (i.e. current) directory, type the appropriate directory pathname into the Directory text box and press Enter.
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2D Drafting
The Files scrollable list lists all the files in the current directory. Select the required file. The name of the selected file (assuming it is a text file) will appear next to Text File: If you wish to position the (origin of the) text using the pointer, select Cursor from the option button to the right of Position, then click on the desired Sheet position on the display. The Sheet co-ordinates of the chosen point will appear in the Position text boxes. If you wish to position the (origin of the) text using Sheet coordinates, type the required co-ordinates into the Position text boxes. If required, use the controls at the bottom of the form to vary the text Colour, Font, Justification, Character Height, Spacing or Line Spacing.
Load Text for Sketch Drafting When selected, the Sketch Drafting 2D Attributes form will be displayed. This form will allow the setting of default pens, text justification, character height, alignment, character spacing, and line spacing. You can also set the Fill pen to be On allowing cross hatching to be used. The settings on this form can be set to be used automatically or on request. To use automatically make sure that the button located in the top left hand corner is depressed. When the automatic is switched on the icon shown in colour. If you do not have the automatic on then it may be used by first navigating to the required element, selecting Sketch Drafting 2D Attributes and click the Apply to CE button.
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2D Drafting
Dynamic Primitives
This option calls the Dynamic Primitives form that will display the attributes of the selected primitive. To change any of the settings simply enter the required value into the correct field and after the Enter key has been depressed the primitive will change to reflect the new values entered. The Origin may also be repositioned using the buttons on the right hand side of the form. The origin may be moved, any of the default options shown or the origin may be redefined by selection of the Define Origin button. If you left the Define button on All then you may reset all the values.
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2D Drafting
Exercise 5
1. Using the Drawing with four views of the STABILISER plant that you created in Exercise 2, create a title for each view, ensuring that each text element is on the correct VNOT. 2. Create 2D primitives using all of the options on the Draw toolbar. Experiment with the different options on the Point Construction Option Form. 3. Click on the different types of primitives you created in 2 and edit them in turn by selecting Edit>Primitives from the main toolbar. Note how the edit form changes to suit the primitive being edited. 4. Experiment with the construction options, e.g. 2D Copy, Mirror, Chamfer Line, etc. in the Construct pull-down on the main menu. 5. Delete all the primitives on the views. 6. Add some section marks using 2D symbols. 7. Create a text file containing some general notes using TextPad or WordPad. Create a Sheet NOTE and import the text file as General Notes using Utilities>Load Text from the main menu, positioning the notes at the top of the Notes column on the right-hand side of the drawing. 8. Create a revision triangle, containing a suitable revision identifier, as a Local Symbol. Create a revision cloud around some Design elements in the views and add the revision Local Symbol to each cloud.
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Session
Section Planes
Objectives
At the end of this session, you will able to: Create and Modify Flat Section Planes.
Must Know Points

At the end of this session you will be able to explain: The use of Flat Section Planes.
6-1
Section Planes
Section Planes
DRAFT gives you the ability to construct sections through specified Design items, the results of which can be displayed at VIEW level. All Planes are database items and can therefore be used with more than one VIEW. There are three types of section planes: Flat Plane Perpendicular Plane Stepped Plane This module covers Flat Planes only. Module 20 Advanced Drawing Production covers Perpendicular and Stepped Planes. The Section Mode option button, on View Create or Modify, can be set to Omit Fractional Components, in which case, any components which are not completely inside the sectioned View will be omitted. The creation of sections is carried out from the General Application of Draft. If you are not already in the General Application change to this using Draft>General. Note there is no icon to do this, although the creation and modification can be carried out via the Utilities>General Toolbar if displayed:
All Planes are created and held within a Library structure and are owned by a Planes Library (PLLB). To use a plane to produce a sectioned view of part of the Design, you need to create a View Section (VSEC) element (starting at the relevant VIEW), which will refer to the appropriate type of plane element in the Planes Library. A Planes Library is always created automatically (if the Drawing does not already have one) whenever you make one of the Create>View>Section menu selections. The appropriate type of Plane is then created as a member of the Planes Library, being referred to by the VIEW Section. NOTE: Sectioning will only be displayed for non simple wireline VIEWs.
6-2
Section Planes
Creating Flat Planes

Starting at VIEW level, select Create>View>Section Flat. A View Section element will be created automatically, and a Create a Flat Plane form will appear.
The Name text box will contain the automatically assigned Plane name, which you can change if you wish. Select the required Plane positioning method from the option button located to the right of the Position button, then click on the Position button. Position the 3D point through which the plane is to pass. If Explicit is selected, an Explicit Plane Position form will appear. Enter the required co-ordinates into the text boxes and click on Apply. If Id Cursor, Id P-Point or Cursor is selected, an appropriate message will be displayed. Click on the required Design item, ppoint (wireline views only) or 3D point as appropriate. Cutting option button lists the available Drawlists. The items to be cut by the plane will be those referred to by the selected list. If World is selected, all items in the owning VIEWs Drawlist will be cut. Direction defines a vector normal to the plane, set to the current VIEW direction by default. If you wish to change this, type the new direction into the text box. Centerline Mode. If this is active then everything included on the Drawlist except the Center-Line of pipes if displayed will be Cut. Retain Data option button lists the available options for defining which side of the cut items are to be discarded from the display. The default In front of Plane means that
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Section Planes
everything on the observers side of the plane will be discarded. Select as appropriate. Having clicked on OK, select Graphics>Update>Design from the Draft General bar menu in order to update the VIEW contents.
Modifying Flat Planes

Note that you must be at VIEW level or below to modify a Flat Plane. Select Modify>View>Section Flat. To display the Modify a Flat Plane form:
This form is almost the same as the form used when creating a Flat Plane. The difference is that there are two extra buttons on this form. These are Sketch and Erase buttons. Sketch will draw the profile of the cutting plane being used. Erase will remove from the screen the drawing aids showing the cutting plane. Having clicked on Apply, select Graphics>Update Design from the DRAFT menu bar in order to update the VIEW contents.
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Section Planes
Exercise 6
1. Create a sheet of any size that contains four views. The views should have viewing directions of North, East, Down and Iso3 respectively. 2. Create a Drawlist that contains the equipment element P1501A and the WALLSITE element from the STABILISER Site. Set the Drawlist Ref for each view to this Drawlist. 3. Create Flat Planes in each view with a direction of your choice. Retain the data In Front of Plane in all cases and note the effect on the Design elements in the views. 4. Modify all planes to retain data Behind Plane and note the effect on the Design elements in the views. 5. Modify the Direction of each plane in turn and note the effect on the Design elements in the view. 6. Create two separate Drawlists, one containing /P1501A and the other containing the WALLSITE. 7. In one of the orthogonal views delete the existing Flat Plane and create two new Flat Planes with directions perpendicular to each other, e.g. one North and one East. Set one plane to cut the Drawlist containing /P1501A and the other plane to cut the Drawlist containing the WALLSITE. Update the view graphics and note the effect of the two planes.
6-5
Appendix
View Types
Wireline
7-1
View Types
Modelled Wireline
Local Hidden Line
7-2
View Types
Global Hidden Line
7-3
View Types
Universal Hidden Line
7-4
Appendix
Intelligent Text and Alternative Character Set
Intelligent Text
Intelligent Text can be automatically extracted from the Design, Catalogue or Drawing databases to replace the Drawing Intelligent text code words, which begin with a # character. See below for examples. For this we will use as an example a pipe name of /ZONE-4/BRANCH-6
Text
Character No.
/
1
Z
2
O
3
N
4
E
5
4
7
/
8
B
9
R
10
A
11
N
12
C
13
H
14
15
6
16
Intelligent Text Format

#NAME #NAME(C2:) #NAME(C2:7) #NAME(P-2:) #NAME(P/2:) #NAME(P2:) #NAME(P/2:)(C2:) #< #> #<#NAME(P/2:)(C2:) #<#NAME(P/2:)(C2:)#> #POSU #POSU<WRT ZONE> #POS<WRT /1501A-N1> #P1POS<WRT /1501A-N1>
Result
/ZONE-4/BRANCH-6 ZONE-4/BRANCH-6 ZONE-4 -6 /BRANCH-6 /BRANCH-6 BRANCH-6 Starts underline Ends underline BRANCH-6 BRANCH-6 U3000 Returns the position using zone co-ordinates Returns the position relative to named item. Returns the position of P1 relative to named it
8-1
item. #PARA[3]<FROM SPREF CATREF> #PARA[3]<FROM /VCHJJ> #HBORE<FROM CREF> #:UDA Navigates to the catalogue element and returns the value of parameter 3. Navigates to the named element an returns parameter 3. This will output the HBORE (head bore) referred to by the DDNM attribute. This will output the value of the specified User Definable Attribute.
8-2
Alternative Character Set

The Alternative Character set provides useful symbols for the users. To use these the tilde character (~) must precede the required code for the symbol required.
Symbol Code B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V Down arrow Steelwork Channel Steelwork Angle Steelwork H-Section Steelwork I-Section Steelwork T-Section Steelwork Double Angle Steelwork L-Section Mu Yen sign Steelwork hollow circular Section Plate symbol Copyright symbol Registered trademark symbol Steelwork hollow rectangular Section Trademark symbol Meaning Footnote symbol Centreline symbol Diameter symbol Symbol Code W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 * + / < = > [ ] ^ Left arrow Hash Right arrow Much less than Much greater than Up arrow Line Meaning Omega Superscript `1' Superscript `2' Superscript `3' Degrees symbol or superscript 0
8-3
Alternative Characters can be used on their own or combined with Intelligent Text: ~C produces a Centerline symbol.
~C#POSU produces the Centreline symbol followed by the Up position. Normal text may be used in combination with Alternative characters and Intelligent text: #<~C#NAME(C2:)#> POSITION IS #POSU returns the Centerline symbol and name of the attached element, all underlined, followed by a normal text message (i.e. POSITION IS) followed by its Up position.
8-4
Appendix
DRAFT Database Hierarchy
9-1
DRAFT Database Hierarchy
9-2
Appendix
Example Sheets
Dimensioning Example Sheets
10-1
Example Sheets
10-2
Example Sheets
10-3
Example Sheets
10-4
Example Sheets
10-5
Example Sheets
Labelling Example Sheets
10-6
Example Sheets
10-7
Example Sheets
10-8
Example Sheets
10-9
Example Sheets
10-10

M10 Basic Drawing Production

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Version 11.

Copyright 2003 AVEVA Limited

AVEVA Ltd, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HB, UK

Session 2................................................................. 2-1

Session 3................................................................. 3-1

Session 4................................................................. 4-1

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Session 5 ................................................................ 5-1

Session 6 ................................................................ 6-1

Appendix A .............................................................. 7-1

Appendix B .............................................................. 8-1

Appendix C .............................................................. 9-1

Appendix D ............................................................ 10-1

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Must Know Points

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

The Draft Hierarchy

NOTE: Automatically created `system' elements are not shown.

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

The Draft Hierarchy

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

The Draft Hierarchy

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

The Draft Hierarchy

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

The Draft Hierarchy

Libraries (under user control)

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

The Draft Hierarchy

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

The Draft Hierarchy

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

The Draft Hierarchy

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

The Draft Hierarchy

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

The Draft Hierarchy

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Must Know Points

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Creating User-Defined Views

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Using Predefined Frame Configurations

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Must Know Points

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production

Modifying Layer Elements

Module 10 Basic Drawing Production