40 Years of operation of Near Surface Repositories. Andra Experience.

JL Tison ANDRA International Department

www.andra.fr

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KEY DATES for Surface Repositories

Until 1969, storage on sites. 1969: Centre Manche commissioned. First Repository for Short Lived, Low and Intermediate LevelWaste. 1979: Creation of ANDRA, a branch of the CEA. ANDRA in charge of All Radioactive Waste. Producer Pays Principle. 1992: Commissioning of Centre Aube for Short Lived, Low and Intermediate Level Waste. 1994: Closure of Centre Manche. 2003: Long term Monitoring phase for Centre Manche. 2003: Commissioning of Morvilliers site for Very Low Level Waste.

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Waste Disposal Classification principle

LOW ACTIVITY

Type of Waste

Half-life

Short lived nuclides

Long lived nuclides

Dismantling waste

Dedicated trench type surface disposal Very Low Level Waste

Operational waste SF and reprocessing waste

HIGH ACTIVITY

Low and Intermediate Waste

Surface or near surface disposal

l s a o is p d te a l ic a s g l W o lo e v e e G h L g H i

WAC

WAC

Typical Disposal Routes for Different types of Waste

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Actual Disposal Classification in France

Short lived waste
Very low level Very low level Low level Low level

Long lived waste

(waste from dismantling operations) (waste from dismantling operations)

Centre de Morvilliers Centre de Morvilliers

Intermediate Intermediate level level

High level High level

Centre (operating waste from de NPPs ) + Centre MANCHE l Aube

Centre Aube

Operational in 2019
(graphite, radium bearing)

Research stage 1991 and June 2005 Research reports delivered in2006 acts Disposal site to be commissioned in 2025

SF & Waste from reprocessing plants Parliament debate in 2006

4 types of disposal site No clearance level in France

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Andra Financing Scheme (except for HLW Research)

COMMERCIAL CONTRACTS

OTHERS

AREVA

CEA

EDF

APART FROM VERY SPECIFIC CASES (eg MEDICAL WASTE) , ANDRA DOES NOT TAKE FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY FROM THE WASTE PRODUCER/OWNER FOR FUTURE COST TO OCCUR NOR OWNERSHIP

ANDRA SERVICES
DISPOSAL- - STORAGE ACCEPTANCE COLLECTIONTRANSPORT-DESIGN-CONSTRUCTION

COMMERCIAL BANKS LOANS

INFORMATION MISSION-ORPHAN WASTE 4.5 M EUROS in 2008

STATE BUDGET

Financial Provisions in Waste Producers/Owners financial books for future expenses.( Disposal, Dismantling, etc)

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Operational situation for surface repositories

A Disposal site in long term monitoring phase since 2003. Centre de la Manche (operation from 1969 to 1994).

A Disposal site in operation for Low and Intermediate level, Waste. Centre de lAube commissioned in 1992.

A Disposal site in operation for Very Low Level Waste, since 2003. Morvilliers site.
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Andra Surface Repositories

PARIS

URL

HEADQUARTERS

SURFACE REPOSITORY (CM CA - CTFA)

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CENTRE MANCHE CENTRE AUBE CENTRE MORVILLIERS

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Two principles set out in the 1969 creation decree: Compliance with the irradiation and contamination limits set for the different categories of workers, Compliance with the irradiation and contamination limits set for members of the public, taking account of existing installations.

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Concrete trenches

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Retrieving waste

After Tritium leakage in 1976

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Gallery of the separate water collection system

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Centre Manche in operation Final shape being prepared.

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Multi-layer cover
Successive layers: schist and sandstone, sand, bitumen membrane, sand A water-recovery system for potential seepage

Visual, topographical and hydraulic inspections, and radiological controls of collected waters

Long-term monitoring of the repository and of the cover:

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LOW & INTERMEDIATE LEVEL SHORT LIVED WASTE CENTRE DE LA MANCHE

Operated between 1969 and 1994 (527 000 m3). Official monitoring period since 2003 No significant impact on the environment (10,000 measures per year) Intensive monitoring period during a first phase (until approximately 2010) Post-closure long-term monitoring: 300 years Cost : 3 M per year (before taxes) Monitoring cost borne by waste producers

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CENTRE MANCHE CENTRE AUBE CENTRE MORVILLIERS

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SITING
- Stability SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

- Low seismicity

- Simple hydrogeology - No natural resources

Aube hydro-geologic model

- Identified water outlet - Low population density

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THE CONTAINMENT SYSTEM

FINAL COVER

VAULT

Containment during operational period and institutional control period

1-WASTE PACKAGE One Outlet

UNDERGROUND GALLERY WATER COLLECTING SYSTEM

2-DISPOSAL SYSTEM

PERMEABLE LAYER

IMPERMEABLE LAYER (CLAY) DEEP GEOLOGICAL LAYERS

3- SITE

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LONG TERM SAFETY

Air transfer scenarios
: :

Artificial barriers are damaged Water transfer scenarios

PERMEABLE LAYER

IMPERMEABLE LAYER (CLAY) DEEP GEOLOGICAL LAYERS

The necessity to monitor long lived radio-nuclides

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Centre de Soulaines (Aube) disposal facility

Low and intermediate level short lived waste Area : 95 ha (total) 30 ha (disposal) Capacity : 1,000,000 m3 waste packages Start up : 1992 Disposed volume : > 200,000 M3 as of 2007

Deliveries 2006 : 14,668 m3 Disposal 2006 : 13,416 m3 9 vaults were closed in 2006 88 vaults were closed since start up 440 vaults are planned in total 16,000 environmental monitoring measurements per year
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Centre Aube- Aerial View- Vault Life Cycle

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WASTE PACKAGES

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CENTRE DE LAUBE DISPOSAL OPERATIONS

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Waste treatment / Conditioning / Packaging

Supercompaction

Grouting of waste packages

Drying

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Operation includes an acceptance process of waste packages

complying with waste acceptance criteria qualification of packages and processes assessment of Quality Assurance in the generators facility

Centre de Soulaines (Aube) disposal facility

To get confidence in the ability of the waste generator to produce waste packages

To maintain confidence

inspections non destructive and destructive tests on delivered packages

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Centre de Soulaines (Aube) disposal facility

Disposal of PWR vessel heads

55 vessel heads to be disposed 6 pieces delivered per year

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TECHNICAL RESPONSIBILITIES Centre AUBE

Waste sorting and characterization

Waste Producer
X
X

Andra

Waste conditioning

(Drums compaction, metallic boxes grouting)

(X)

Storage Waste acceptance Transportation Disposal

X X

(from Andra railway terminal and transportation subcontracted to Andra)

(X) X

There is no transfer of ownership when a waste is disposed. The waste producer remains the owner of the waste,
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CENTRE MANCHE CENTRE AUBE CENTRE MORVILLIERS

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VERY LOW LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE MORVILLIERS DISPOSAL FACILITY

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VERY-LOW LEVEL WASTE DISPOSAL CONCEPT

Clay backfill Vegetation cover Clay cover Sand Drainage and filtration Inspection shaft Top geo-membrane Ditch Collector Drainage and filtration Waste Base layer Bottom geo-membrane

Commissioning in 2003

Located at Morvilliers near the Centre de lAube Capacity: 650,000 m3

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Design and operation procedures that comply with hazardous waste disposal facilities requirements

Centre de Morvilliers disposal facility

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Waste emplacement at the VLL waste facility

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DISPOSAL CELL CLOSURE

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Conclusion
Long learning process during 40 years of operation of surface repositories Surface repositories accomodate most of the waste being produced in France, including medical waste. A solution for all operating waste from NPP. A solution for most of dismantling waste. Experience gained in closure and long term monitoring of disposal sites. Allows to accept very large pieces (vesselhead, steam generators, etc)

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