ISPLC - 2007 International Symposium on Powerline Communications and its Applications

Standards & Regulations Framework for LV-MV-HV Powerline Communication Systems

PISA - ITALY
Author: Romano NAPOLITANO ENEL Date: 26-28 March, 2007

SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

SCOPE & APPLICATIONS

STANDARDS

REGULATIONS

OPEN ISSUES

CONCLUSION

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INTRODUCTION In the previous century Utilities first started the exploitation of electricity power cables or Powerlines as telecommunication media for supporting their internal services: telecontrol, telemetry and voice applications.

Powerline Strength The main attractive feature of this kind of media is due to its ubiquity. ubiquity Indeed nowadays all urban, suburban and rural areas are fully covered by transport and distribution electricity grids for delivering energy services. services About all electricity customers could be potentially reached for delivering new energy added values and telecommunication services enlarging the application of PLC systems to deploy both private and public networks.

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INTRODUCTION Powerline communication channel is well known by experts as one of the most complex to characterize. It is often said that Powerline acts as hostile environment. environment

Modern Powerline Systems

Along the time it hasn't been easy to follow the same evolution in terms of performanceimprovement and cost reduction as well as other wireline competitive telecommunication technologies. Over the last decade thanks to the huge leap forward of DSP it has been possible to engineer very advanced and complex solutions. Todays PLC systems overcome transmission channel problems and make it possible to extend the use of this family of products for supporting applications likewise other DSL technologies.

Power Spectrum [dBm]

Frequency [kHz]

Acquisitions Index

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SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

SCOPE & APPLICATIONS

STANDARDS

REGULATIONS

OPEN ISSUES

CONCLUSION

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SCOPE & APPLICATIONS PLC systems are generally classified taking into account several aspects e.g. voltage level of the lines where they are operated, type of cables, bandwidth to be allocated and frequency range, throughput and finally services to be supported.

Voltage Level Low

Cable Buried

Bandwidth

Throughput Services All All

Narrow/Broad Low/High

Medium Buried/Overhead Narrow/Broad Low/High High Overhead

Narrow/Broad Low/Medium Utilities

) Services: Utilities core, Access, in-House, in-Home

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SCOPE & APPLICATIONS

Since now European Power Utilities have exploited Narrowband PLC systems within their internal Private Networks for the implementation of reliable point to point connectivity (PLC Link). New emerging PLC solutions already tested allow a feasible migration towards IP based connectivity (PLC Network) and the effective integration of Utilities Private with Public Telco's Networks.

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SCOPE & APPLICATIONS PLC allows simultaneous provision of two-way data access and electrical power on the same media granting electricity users to access a wide range of services avoiding in many cases the needs of cabling infrastructures with expensive and pollutant new wires.

PLC Paradigm First, utilities can use it to exchange information among about all components of electricity grid (Smart Grid) transmitting over HV/MV/LV lines: home gateways, meters, sensors along lines, substations, Control Centers. Second, they can sell broadband access to consumers. PLC performances are fully comparable with todays DSL and cable connections indeed.

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SCOPE & APPLICATIONS Beside traditional core services, high reliable and well established like Telecontrol, Teleprotection, Telemetry and Voice, through PLC Utilities Voice could easily satisfy increasing need of new internal services. Moreover they could take benefit from the use of their grids as Carrier Operators.
APPLICATIONS & SERVICES

Core business services

Energy Management
Remote Connect / Disconnect Line testing & predictive failure capability Maintenance and substations monitoring Demand prediction Transformer overload analysis Outage Localization

Intelligent Automatic Meter Reading (IAMR) Support for advanced grid control & automation Network Optimization Security related communication
Video / audio (reservation secure channels)

Public services
Broadband access services anywhere Fast internet access, Telephony (VoIP),

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SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

SCOPE & APPLICATIONS

STANDARDS

REGULATIONS

OPEN ISSUES

CONCLUSION

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STANDARDS Several standardization bodies lead the complex standardization process cooperating at International, European and National level focusing on electricity, electronics and related technologies.
Global Standard Benefits International standards facilitate world trade by removing technical barriers to trade, leading to new markets and economic growth. They provide industry and users with the framework for economies of design, greater product and service quality, moreinteroperability, and better production and delivery efficiency. Standards conformity assessment ensures that a certified product has been manufactured and type-tested to well established standards. The end user can be sure that the product meets the right compromise in terms of quality standards and need not be concerned with further complex product evaluation and testing activities. European Standards They fall in two main groups: mandatory and functional standards. The standards first are used by Regulators as an instrument for the enforcement of limits and rules concerning spectrum usege, EMC and Safety issues. The latter are used by industry to enhance product market success.

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STANDARDS The first IEC/CENELEC Cooperation Agreement on common planning of new work and parallel voting was approved in 1991 (Lugano) with the goal of expedite the publication and common adoption of International Standards ensuring rational use of available resources and accelerate the standards preparation process in response to market demands.
CENELEC
AG CS BT SR prENV ENV prEN HD EN General Assembly Central Secretariat Technical Board Reporting Secretariat Draft European Prestandard European Prestandard Draft European Standard Harmonization Document European Standard CD CDV FDIS Committee Draft Committee Draft for Vote Final Draft International Standard CO CA Central Office Committee of Action

IEC
TC/SC Technical Committee/ SubCommittee

MCG Management Co-ordination Group of IEC and CENELEC

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STANDARDS IEC-TC57 covers power systems management and associated information exchange. High Voltage PLC are in charge of IEC-TC57/WG20 who recently started to work on existing obsolete standard IEC 60495 in order to include new digital PLC (HV DPLC).

HV/MV/LV PLC available standards: IEC 60663 IEC 60495 EN 60495 CEI-EN 60495
EN 61000-x Generic Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) IEC 60663 Planning of (single sideband) power line carrier systems HV IEC 60495 CEI 57-1 Single sideband power line carrier terminals HV IEC 60353 CEI 57-2 Line traps for a.c. power systems HV IEC 60481 CEI 57-3 Coupling devices for power line carrier systems HV EN 61334-3 CEI 57-20 etc. MV Coupling, etc. EN 50065-1 etc. CEI 57-36 & CEI 57-48 LV

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STANDARDS BPL standards provision is in charge of both ETSI and CENELEC. They works on same field addressing different standard aspects.

ETSI PLT

CLC SC205A

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STANDARDS Remarkable outcomes have been achieved as a result of the activities carried out under each Technical Committee.
CLC-SC205A WG10 and ETSI PLT BPL available standards and docs:
CENELEC EN 50412-1:2004 Immunity requirements for power line communication apparatus and systems used in low-voltage installations in the frequency range 1,6 MHz to 30 MHz ETSI TS 101 896: Reference Network Architecture Model ETSI TS 101 867: Coexistence of Access and In-House Powerline Systems ETSI Technical Report(TR)102 049: Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for in-house systems ETSI TR102 175: PLTChannel characterization and measurement methods ETSI TR 102 258: PLT LCL Review & Statistical Analysis ETSI TR 102 259: PLT EMI Review & Statistical Analysis ETSI TR 102 269: Hidden Node review and statistical analysis ETSI TR 102 270: Basic Low Voltage Distribution Network (LVDN) measurement data ETSI TR 102 324: Radiated emissions' characteristics and measurement method of state of the art Powerline communication networks ETSI TR 102 370: Basic data relating to LVDN measurements in the 3 MHz to 100 MHz frequency range ETSI TR 102 494: Powerline Telecommunications (PLT) Technical requirements for In-House PLC modems

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STANDARDS Among the others ETSI PLT Technical Committee effort is currently oriented to solve problems concerning BPL coexistence issues and definition of smart interference management mechanisms.

ETSI PLT work in progress:

WI-9: PLT Programmable PSD mask: To be sent for voting on ETSI in 2Q 2007 WI-20: Coexistence Mechanism for PLT Modems: Based on UPA-CEPCA contributions. Probably to be sent for voting on 2Q 2007. WI-21: Coexistence between PLT Modems and fixed SW Radio broadcasting services. Draft completed. Sent for voting in 1Q2007. The Approval by correspondence of draft DTS/PLT-00021 will be open from Friday 2007-02-16 until midnight UTC on Sunday 2007-03-18. Title: Powerline Telecommunications (PLT); Coexistence between PLT Modems and fixed SW Radio broadcasting services.

NOTE: Other WIs open on Access, In-home, Layer 1 and 2.

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STANDARDS
Several associations cooperate actively worldwide aiming to support standardization of BPL technology. Despite the efforts of standardization bodies till now a comprehensive BPL international product standard its not yet available and more than this probably it will not be published in the short time.

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SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

SCOPE & APPLICATIONS

STANDARDS

REGULATIONS

OPEN ISSUES

CONCLUSION

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REGULATIONS
European Community institutions use basically four legal instruments to carry out its tasks: Regulations, Directives and Decisions (all binding), Recommendations (declaratory). Since 2002 a new Telecommunications Regulatory Framework has been adopted to replace the many legislative measures previously in force.

PLC are in the scope of Telecommunications Framework Directive 2002/21/CE 02_2002 Electronic communications network means transmission systems and, where applicable, switching or routing equipment and other resources which permit the conveyance of signals by wire, radio, optical or other electromagnetic means. They include satellite networks, fixed (circuit- and packet-switched, including Internet) and mobile terrestrial networks, electricity cable systems to the extent that they are used for the purpose of transmitting signals, networks used for radio and television broadcasting, and cable signals television networks, irrespective of the type of information conveyed.
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REGULATIONS Since PLC could be used to deploy Private Utilities and/or Public Networks (Access segment and CPE products providing telecommunication service to customer) operators have to assure Directive conformity for both fixed wire-line installations and in home products.

(*) 89/336/EEC is superseded by New EMC Directive 2004/108/EG [Dec. 2004] will come in force on next July 2007.

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REGULATIONS In Europe the frequency spectrum allowed for Powerline Communications spans from few kHz up to tens of MHz. Low data rate Power Line Carrier (PLC) systems works below 500 kHz. Broadband Powerline (BPL) systems exploit the higher parts of the spectrum i.e. 1.6 to 30 MHz.
IEC 60663 - EN 60495

EN 60065-1

LV Power Line Carrier Channeling Plan : 9-148.5 kHz HV Power Line Carrier Channeling Plan : 40-492 kHz

PLT 1.6 MHz VDSL Europe 1.3 MHz 30 MHz

LV/MV Powerline Telecommunications PLT: 1.7-30 MHz

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REGULATIONS
It should be noted for fixed installations (All Networks) there is not a standard procedure to asses the compliance with essential requirements of EMC Directive and neither harmonized standard existing. In the past aiming to protect radio services and assure coexistence some European member states adopted National emission limits to be used for compliance testing of telecommunications installations.

CE Mandate M313 The EC (European Commission) to prevent Europe from different national regulations gave Mandate 313 from 2001 to ETSI/CENELEC/CEN to define a harmonised standard for limits which should apply for all telecommunications networks including PLC Network limits shall be technologically neutral for all broadband telecommunications technologies As long as there is a Europe-wide initiative on that issue no national regulations for compliance are allowed

UK RA-MPT 1570 (February 2000 - Radiated Emission Magnetic Field Limit from 1.6 to 30 MHz)

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REGULATIONS
Mandate 313 is carried out in the ETSI/CENELEC Joint Working Group. Currently there are no standardized limits for the standard network operation case. Limits definition its a very controversial point. JWG started taking into account work already done (EN 50083-8, MPT1570, NB30, etc.) involving all stakeholders. This network standard is still pending.

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REGULATIONS COCOM (Communication Committee of EC-DG InfoSoc) aiming to provide a clear indication about broadband PLC regulation approach to be used within Member States and dumping inappropriate alarmism issued on April 2005 a recommendation on PLC.

Recommendation on Broadband Electronic Communications through Powerlines COCOM 04-59

The Recommendation seeks to ensure transparent, proportionate and nondiscriminatory conditions for the deployment of powerline communication systems and removal of any inappropriate regulatory barriers. barriers Member states should consider as compliant with Directive 89/336/EEC (EMC Directive) a powerline communications network which is made up of equipment compliant with the Directive and which is installed and operated according to good engineering practices. Interference situations would be resolved ex-post on a case-by-case basis, for the excase- bybasis local situation and the specific frequency for which the interference occurs. This means, the interference should be proven before any other measure is taken. Advanced mitigation techniques such as the ability to put spectral notches in real time will facilitate interference resolution, which is an additional safeguard normally not available for interference management between free space radio systems.

Notch Filter Response Sample

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REGULATIONS CENELEC & ETSI have the task of drawing up for all products the technical specifications meeting the essential requirements of European Directives namely "Harmonized Standards, compliance with which will provide a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements.

Product CE Marking Procedure Market access is granted, if products are compliant with the applicable regulations (EMC, Safety, ) Product specific compliant tests are required EMC Directive 89/336/EEC provides 2 options to prove compliance: Either to comply with an European Harmonized Standard as e.g. EN55022 (= IECCISPR 22) in the case of xDSL Or to be certified by a Competent Body according to article 10.2, e.g. if no European Harmonized Standard is applicable for specific products. In this case a Technical Construction File (TCF) needs to be prepared

Market Access Granted

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SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

SCOPE & APPLICATIONS

STANDARDS

REGULATIONS

OPEN ISSUES

CONCLUSION

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26

OPEN ISSUES Several points concerning PLC must be clarified in order to remove preconceptions, encourage and extend their use over all different telecommunication sectors.

PLC Utilities are interested to use PLC over their networks for carrying traditional and innovative core business services PLC existing standards are obsolete and dont cover HV-MV-LV using modern approach New standards have to include advanced coupling systems, modulation techniques, power and spectrum management, network functionalities, routing aspects, network management, etc. Use of TCP/IP protocol suite and the meaning of QoS need a deep analysis and revision to meet requirements of Utilities services

BPL Turning BPL into successful business requires at least the solution of the following pending issues Business weakness due to the lack of EMC Product Standard should be removed making it easy achieve transparently EU CE Marking Network Emission Standard it is relevant but it is common to all other wireline technologies probably will not be finalized in short time Solution for coexistence among Access/inhouse and in-house/in-house its high priority issue At least put the base for PLC interoperability

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SUMMARY

INTRODUCTION

SCOPE & APPLICATIONS

STANDARDS

REGULATIONS

OPEN ISSUES

CONCLUSION

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CONCLUSION PLC is an advanced and complex technology assuring high performance. EMC issues are relevant anyway the good work undertaken within Standardization Organization for sure will provide the way to overcome all pending issues and making the success of PLC business.

The Power of PLC Through PLC all telecommunication network segments could be effectively implemented exploiting all electricity grid resources HV/MV and LV power lines. Several pilot test and commercial rollout carried out in Europe confirmed its tremendous potential as a comprehensive communication solution. Governments in order to solve problems concerning Digital Divide encourage the deployments on BPL. Since now PLC broadband applications mainly attracted the interest of new Telcos and Service Operators due to the possibility to have in short time an alternative access infrastructure at relatively low cost. Utilities strongly supported deployment and testing of BPL. In Europe they stopped to deploy access networks and delivery public services. It is expected Utilities will apply PLC for implementing a more complex and reliable utilities private network supporting traditional and innovative core services.
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Thank you very much!

For additional information please contact:

Romano NAPOLITANO
e-mail: romano.napolitano@enel.it Phone: +39 06 8305.8252

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