Bagasse as Particle Board

Research I-A Adviser: Mrs. Ramonita F. Calumpang

Researchers of III Thompson: Malaika L. Aguilar Mary Frances R. Cablao Nicah Mae B. Mueda Ellah Jhane T. Gordoncillo Nisha Mae B. Mueda Marcelle Antonette A. Carriaga Florence A. Barron Cliff R. Calibo Lenuel R. Garcia Jomarie V. Catubig

 Abstract

This study was launched to produce an economical particle board. The chief material of the said product, the researchers decided to name as Bagasse as Particle Board was bagasse. Three set-ups were organized by the researchers and each set-up had three trials. The researchers gathered all the equipment and ingredients required, namely: bagasse, adhesive (_____), cup, container, silk screen, stick or other stirring material, and tray. The procedure the researchers conducted was simple. First, all the materials and equipment were prepared. Then, the container was filled with with _______. Bagasse then was added to the mixture and was mixed thoroughly. Then the mixture was placed on the tray and was shaped using the hands. The mixed product was then placed on the silk screen to let it dry. The different trials in each set up were then subjected to heat. After the trials dried, it was subjected to the testing process. The researchers then concluded that Set up C, trial 2 proved to be the best set up that yielded the best results from the tests that were conducted.

 Acknowledgement

Amidst the barriers in finishing this study the researchers recognize the following persons who, in spite of their hectic schedules and activities were very kindhearted to the researchers and unsparingly offered their time and resources to them. Without their unfading support, this study could not have been realized. First and foremost, we would like to acknowledge our Heavenly Father, thank You for blessing us with extra-ordinary gifts of talents and skills. We would have not reached this far without You. The researchers also express their profound thanks and gratitude to our dear parents. Special thanks to Engr. and Dr. Ronilo N. Cablao. Thank you for always believing in our potentials and inspiring us with their words of encouragement. Thank you so much! To Mrs. Ramonita F. Calumpang, our Research I-A adviser, thank you for the approval of our study.

 Table of Contents

Title Page . i Abstract ... ii Acknowledgement ... iii Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1-5 A. Background of the Study .. 1 B. Statement of the Problem/ Objectives . .1 C. Significance of the Study .. 1 D. Scope and Limitations .. 1 E. Review of Related Literature 1 F. Related Studies .. 3 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 5

Results and Discussion .................................................................................................. 7

Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 13

Recommendations ......................................................................................................... 14

Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 15

I. INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Bagasse is the fibrous residue remaining after sugarcane or sorghum stalks are crushed to extract their juice. It is currently used as a biofuel and as a renewable resource in the manufacture of pulp and paper products and building materials. B. Statement of Problem/ Objectives 1. General Objective The study aims to produce an economical particle board out of bagasse. 2. Specific Objective This study aims to utilize waste materials from sugarcanes into useful products and find a stronger adhesive to bind the bagasse. C. Significance of the Study The importance of the study can be observed in the sensitivity of the consumer who is saving money to surpass the expensive commercially produced particle board in the market. D. Scope and Limitations Our study would only limit by the use of bagasse as a particle board since sugarcane is abundant in the locality. E. Review of Related Literature Bagasse is the fibrous residue remaining after sugarcane or sorghum stalks are crushed to extract their juice. It is currently used as a biofuel and as a renewable resource in the manufacture of pulp and paper products and building materials.

For each 10 tonnes of sugarcane crushed, a sugar factory produces nearly 3 tonnes of wet bagasse. Since bagasse is a by-product of the cane sugar industry, the quantity of production in each country is in line with the quantity of sugarcane produced. The high moisture content of bagasse, typically 40 to 50%, is detrimental to its use as a fuel. Generally, bagasse is stored prior to further processing. For electricity production, it is stored under moist conditions and the mild exothermic reaction which results from the degradation of residual sugars dries the bagasse pile slightly. For paper and pulp production, it is normally stored wet in order to assist in removal of the short pith fibres which impede the papermaking process as well as to remove any remaining sugar. A typical chemical analysis of bagasse might be (on a washed and dried basis): Cellulose 4555% Hemicellulose 2025% Lignin 1824% Ash 14% Waxes <1% Bagasse is an extremely inhomogeneous material comprising around 30-40% of "pith" fibre which is derived from the core of the plant and is

mainly parenchyma material, and "bast", "rind" or "stem" fibre which comprises the balance and is largely derived from sclerenchymamaterial. These properties make bagasse particularly problematic for paper manufacture and have been the subject of a large body of literature.

__________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ F. Review of Related Studies ________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ II. METHODOLOGY A. Materials/Equipment Bagasse Adhesive (____________) Cup Container Tray Stick or other stirring material Silk Screen The procedure the researchers conducted was simple. First, all the materials and equipment were prepared. Then, the container was filled with with _______. Bagasse then was added to the mixture and was mixed thoroughly. Then the mixture was placed on the tray and was shaped using the hands. The mixed product was then placed on the silk screen to let it dry.

B. Treatment/General-Procedure SET UP A TRIALS 1 2 3 _____ IN CUPS 1 3 2 BAGASSE IN CUPS 10 10 10

In set up A, the controlled variable is the amount of bagasse. The manipulated variable is the amount of ________. Set up A, trial 2 was the best trial.

SET UP B TRIALS ______ IN CUPS BAGASSE IN CUPS

1 2 3

3 3 3

9 7 8

In set- up B, the controlled variable is the amount of ________. The manipulated variable is the amount of bagasse. Set up B, trial 1 was the best trial.

Then materials were then mixed and the different trials in each set up were then subjected to heat. After the trials dried, it was subjected to the testing process.

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A. Findings Table 2.1-Test on dropping resistance SET-UP A
TRIALS DIFFERENT HEIGHTS IN CENTIMETERS 100 1 2 3 1 1 1 75 1 3 1 50 2 3 1 4 7 3 TOTAL

In Set-up A, we can see that the trial that performs best or considered to be the best trial in set-up A is trial 2 since it has the highest rate of dropping resistance. Table 2.2 SET-UP B
TRIALS DIFFERENT HEIGHTS IN CENTIMETERS 100 1 2 3 2 1 1 75 3 2 2 50 3 2 3 8 5 6 TOTAL

In Set-up B, we can see that the trial that performs best or considered to be the best trial in set-up B is trial 1 since it has the highest rate of dropping resistance.

LEGEND:

1-broken into small pieces 2-still in shape, broken into fragments

3-still in shape, small cracks on the surface Table 3.1-Test on water resistance SET-UP A
TRIALS AMOUNTS OF WATER IN mL AND TIME OF SUBMERSION 100mL 1 2 3 1 3 1 200mL 1 3 2 300mL 1 1 3 3 7 6 TOTAL

In Set-up A, we can see that the trial that performs best or considered to be the best trial in set-up A is trial 2 since it has the highest rate of water resistance.

Table 3.2 SET-UP B

TRIALS AMOUNTS OF WATER IN mL AND TIME OF SUBMERSION 100mL 1 2 3 3 2 3 200mL 2 1 2 300mL 2 1 1 8 4 6 TOTAL

In Set-up B, we can see that the trial that performs best or considered to be the best trial in set-up B is trial 1 since it has the highest rate of water resistance.

LEGEND:

1- soft, almost worn out 2- soft, still in shape 3- hard enough, still in shape

Table 4.1-Test on heat resistance SET-UP A

TRIALS DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE INC Room Temperature 35C Solar Heat 39C Burning Temperature 100C 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 4 6 5 TOTAL

In Set-up A, we can see that the trial that performs best or considered to be the best trial in set-up A is trial 2 since it has the highest rate of heat resistance.

Table 4.2 SET-UP B

TRIALS DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE INC Room Temperature 35C Solar Heat 39C Burning Temperature 100C 1 2 3 2 2 3 2 1 7 6 TOTAL

In Set-up B, we can see that the trial that performs best or considered to be the best trial in set-up B is trial 1 since it has the highest rate of heat resistance.

LEGEND:

1- poor in resisting heat 2- good in resisting heat 3- best in resisting heat

Table 5.1- Best trials among the set-ups

SET-UPS BEST TRIALS DIFFERENT HEIGHTS IN CENTIMETERS 100 A B 2 1 1 1 75 1 2 50 2 2 4 5 TOTAL

LEGEND:

1- broken into small pieces 2- still in shape, broken into fragments 3- still in shape, small cracks

Table 5.2
SET-UPS BEST TRIALS DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF WATER IN mL AND TIME OF SUBMERSION 100 A B 2 1 1 2 200 1 1 300 1 1 3 4 TOTAL

LEGEND:

1- soft, almost worn-out 2- soft, still in shape 3- hard enough, still in shape

Table 5.3
SET-UPS BEST TRIALS DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES IN C Room Temperature 35C A B 2 1 2 3 1 1 Solar Heat 39C Burning Temperature 100C 1 1 4 5 TOTAL

LEGEND:

1- poor in resisting heat 2- good in resisting heat 3- best in resisting heat

The best trial among the selected best set of trials in each set-up is the second trial in setup C since it had yielded the best results as shown by the tabulation above and by the tests conducted.

IV. CONCLUSION Therefore, the researchers conclude that sugarcane residues like bagasse mixed with an adhesive specifically __________ can be utilized for making an economical and useful particle board. Set up C, trial 2 proved to be the best set up since it yielded the best results from the tests that were conducted.

V. RECOMMENDATIONS The researchers would like to recommend to the future researchers to make further experimentations on what benefits could sugarcane residues can make. The researchers also recommend applying paint and varnish to make the product more presentable for the users.

VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY Websites: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagasse http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adhesive http://www.google.com.ph/ http://www.yahoo.com/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Published Articles: Sugah Board (Roi Vincent Ponce, Ken Marcelle Palomar, Christine Paco, Pria Mae Abrio)