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The tutorial will use a file titled spss_tutorial.sav that you can find on the M-drive (classes drive) in the folder Allard PPA 722. In addition to spss_tutorial.sav, is a syntax file titled spss_tutorial.sps. The data file consists of 330 records with data on welfare recipients participating in a welfare-t o-work program. Variables included in the file: RACE AGE KIDS LESSHS AUTO JOBACC PTMWORK ANN_EARN Race of the Respondent Age of the Respondent Number of Children in the Household Educational Attainment of the Respondent Whether Respondent Has Access to a Car Measure of Job Access (Higher score = greater job access) Percentage of Months Worked in 1998 Annual Earnings in 1998
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Go to File, Open, Data. Open data file, M:\ Allard PPA 722\ spss_tutorial.sav
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We are going to create a recoded variable for age, which is currently continuous. - Go to Transform, Recode, Into Different Variables - Select age and move it over to the input/output variable box with the arrow key - Click the name box and type in age_rc - Click on the label box and type Age Recode - Click Change button - Click Old and New Values button
- Under Old Value, click on Range, and enter age range 18 to 24 - Under New Value, type in 1 and click Add button - Repeat these last two steps using the following ranges and values: 25 to 34 = 2 35 to 44 = 3 45 to 64 = 4 - Click Continue - Click OK
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Creating Value Labels for a variable. - Go to Data Window - Click on Variable View in bottom left corner - Click on Values cell in row for age_rc, the new variable you just created - Enter the value 1 - In value label, enter 18 to 24 - Click Add button - Repeat for ranges 25 to 34, 35 to 44, 45 to 64 - Click OK
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Computing a new variable. - Go to Transform, Compute - In target variable, type in the name of a new variable in this case age_sq - In the larger box, type age*age -- this command will create a variable called age_sq which is the age of the respondent squared - Click OK
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Saving a data file. - Go to File, Save As - Select the proper folder and save the file under a different name - Click Save
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Displaying the variables in your file. - Go to File, New, Syntax - In the new syntax window, type display. the period is very important - Highlight the text and click on the play button at the top of the syntax window - A list of the variables in your file will appear
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Using the Frequency command to create descriptive statistics - Go to Analyze, Descriptive Statistics, Frequencies the race and lesshs variables should still be present - Click on the Statistics button - Select mean, median, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation - Hit Continue - Uncheck the box marked Display Frequency Tables - Hit OK
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Using the Descriptives command - Go to Analyze, Descriptive Statistics, Descriptives - Click on race and hit the arrow button to put race into the variables column - Click on lesshs and hit the arrow button to put race into the variables column - Hit OK
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Creating a two variable cross-tabulation. - Go to Analyze, Descriptive Statistics, Crosstabs - Select race for the row variable and auto for the column variable - Click OK
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Creating a two variable cross-tabulation with row and or column percentages. - Go to Analyze, Descriptive Statistics, Crosstabs - Select age_rc for the row variable and lesshs for the column variable - Click on cells, select row percentages - Click Continue, click OK - Go to Analyze, Descriptive Statistics, Crosstabs - Your variables should still be in the row and column places - Click on cells, select column percentages - Click Continue, click OK
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- Go to Analyze, Descriptive Statistics, Crosstabs - Select auto for the row variable and lesshs for the column variable - Select race for the Layer variable - If you would like click on cells and select row/column percentages - Click Continue, click OK - SPSS produces a table that sorts respondents by race and auto, then looks at education
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Creating a correlation matrix between three variables. - Go to Analyze, Correlate, Bivariate - Select jobacc, ptmwork, and ann_earn - Click OK
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- Select Compare Groups - Click race into the groups based on box - Click OK now all your analyses will be conducted separately for whites and blacks *You will notice that a split file on note is posted at the bottom of the data window -Create a two variable cross-tabulation with lesshs and auto - To unsplit go to Data, Split File - Choose analyze all cases and Click OK this will remove the file split
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Sorting data by a certain variable. - Go to Data, Sort Cases - Click on ann_earn and move it over to the box Click OK - If ascending order is checked, your file will be sorted by ann_earn from lowest to highest - If descending order is checked, your file will be sorted by ann_earn from highest to lowest - Note that missing values will be sorted ahead of the lowest valid value
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Basic Mulitvariate Regression. - Go to Analyze, Regression, Linear - click ann_earn into the dependent variable box - click race, kids, and lesshs into the independent variable box these are 3 factors we think causes observed values of ann_earn - Click OK
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Saving and Plotting Residuals. - Go to Analyze, Regression, Linear - click ann_earn into the dependent variable box - click race, age, kids, and lesshs into the independent variable box these are 3 factors we think causes observed values of ann_earn - click Save - click Unstandardized Residuals - Go to Data Window, res_1 should appear - Go to Graph, Scatter - Make sure Simple is highlighted, click Define - Select age for the X-axis and res_1 for the Y-axis - Click OK