MATHEMATICS 63

Exercises on Related Rates Solve the following problems completely. 1. If two resistors with resistances R1 and R2 are connected in parallel, the total resistance 1 1 1 R, measured in ohms, is given by R = R1 + R2 . If R1 and R2 are increasing at rates of 0.3 ohms/s. and 0.2 ohms/s., respectively, how fast is R changing when R1 = 800 ohms and R2 = 100 ohms? 2. Oil from a ruptured tanker spreads in a circular pattern. If the radius of the circle increases at the constant rate of 1.5 ft./s., how fast is the enclosed area increasing at the end of two hours? 3. A spherical snowball is being made so that its volume is increasing at a rate of 8 ft3 ./min. Find the rate at which the radius is increasing when the snowball is 4 ft. in diameter. 4. The edge of a cube is decreasing at a constant rate of 16 cm. per minute. (a) Find the rate at which the volume of the cube is decreasing at the instant when the edge is 20 cm. (b) At what rate is the surface area of the cube decreasing at the instant when the edge is 15 cm.? 5. If the diagonal of a cube is increasing at a rate of 3 in3 ./min., how fast is the side of the cube increasing?
5 6. Starting from the same point, Gino starts walking eastward at 2 ft./s. while Dennis starts running southward at 6 ft./s. How fast is the distance between Gino and Dennis increasing after 2 s.?

7. A baseball diamond has the shape of a square with sides 90 ft. long. A player is running towards the third base at a speed of 28 ft./min. At what rate is the players distance from the home plate changing when the player is 30 ft. from the third base? 8. A boat is pulled in by means of a winch on the dock 12 ft. above the deck of the boat. The winch pulls in rope at the rate of 4 ft./s. Determine the speed of the boat when there are 13 ft. of rope out. 9. If the price of a unit is increasing at the rate of 5.00 per year and the quantity sold P is decreasing at the rate of 1500 items per year, at what rate is the revenue changing when the price of an item is 20.00 and 12,000 items were sold at that price? P 10. A company is increasing its production of a certain product at the rate of 25 units per week. The demand and cost functions for this product are given, respectively by, x p(x) = 50 100 and C(x) = 4000 + 40x 0.02x2 where p is the price per unit, C is the cost of producing x units and x is the number of units produced in a week. Find the rate of change of the prot with respect to time when weekly sales are 800 units. 1

11. A cylindrical balloon is being inated at the rate of 12 cubic feet per minute. If the height of the balloon is three times the radius at any given time, nd the rate at which the height is changing at the instant when the radius is 1 foot. 12. An inverted conical tank with vertex angle 60 has liquid being poured to it at the rate of 1000 cubic inches per minute. At what rate is the level of the liquid rising when the depth is 10 inches? 13. A girl who is 5 ft. tall is approaching a post that holds a lamp 15 ft. above the ground. If she is walking at a speed of 4 ft./s., how fast is the end of her shadow moving when she is 17 ft. away from the base of the lamp post? 14. A ladder, inclined at 60 with the horizontal, is leaning against a vertical wall. The foot of the ladder is 3 m. away from the foot of the wall. A boy climbs the ladder such that his distance z m. with respect to the foot of the ladder is given by z = 6t, where t is the time in minutes. (a) Find the rate at which his vertical distance from the horizontal ground changes with respect to t. (b) Find the rate at which his distance from the foot of the wall changes with respect to t when he is 3 m. away from the foot of the ladder. 15. A ladder 20 ft. long is leaning against an embarkment inclined 60 with the horizontal. If the bottom of the ladder is being moved horizontally towards the embarkment at 1 ft./s., how fast is the top of the ladder moving when the bottom is 4 ft. from the embankment? 16. A triangular trough is 12 ft. long, 3 ft. wide at the top, and 3 ft. deep. If water is poured into the trough at the rate of 10 ft.3 /min., how fast is the water surface rising when the depth is 2 ft.? 17. An isosceles triangle has equal sides 4 cm. long. If the vertex angle is , and increases at the rate of 2 per minute, how fast is the area of the triangle changing when is equal to 30 ? 18. A ship is located 4 miles from a straight shore and has a radar transmitter that rotates 32 times per minute. How fast is the radar beam moving along the shoreline when the beam makes an angle of 45 with the shore? 19. A cistern in the shape of an inverted cone that is 4 meters deep and 2 meters in diameter at the top is being lled with water at the rate of 3 cubic meters per minute. If there is a leak at the bottom of the cistern, and it is observed that when the water is 2 meters deep, the water level is rising at a rate of 1 meter per minute, at what rate is the water leaking? 20. A particle is moving along the curve y = x. As the particle passes through the point (4, 2), its x-coordinate increases at a rate of 3 cm./s. How fast is the distance of the particle from the origin changing at this instant?

21. The hands on a clock are of length 5 inches (minute hand) and 4 inches (hour hand). How fast is the distance between the tips of the hands changing at 3:00? 22. Point A moves along the unit circle at the rate of 2 units/s. counterclockwise. What is the rate of change of the perimeter of the triangle whose vertices are the points A, B(1, 0), and C(1, 0), when A is at the point with coordinate 1 , 23 ? 2 23. Show that if the volume of a sphere is decreasing at a rate proportional to its surface area then the radius of the sphere is shrinking at a constant rate.

************* The latest authors, like the most ancient, strove to subordinate the phenomena of nature to the laws of mathematics. - Sir Isaac Newton

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