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A big part of fresh water that we use comes from land water,
surface water, and rainwater. The availability of that water is
dependent of atmospheric water/rainwater. We have known if the
water in the world is constant. We also know if the inhabitant growths
always increase. These two things that always contradictory will
appear many serious problems because the fresh water supplies are
very-very limited.
Increasingly of inhabitant density, will also make increasingly
their daily needs. Many industries appear in numbers spring up to
fulfil their own needs. These industries activity needs much water. We
can imagine if we must snatch fresh water with machines. Beside
that, the unsmooth geographical distribution and uncontrolled
inhabitant growth will cause in equilibrium water supply that very
difficult to overcome.
• Carbon Monoxide
In the fresh air, CO gas degree only about 0,1 ppm.
Nevertheless, muffler of vehicle has been multiplying CO degree in the
air. If those gases overstep limit, it can cause a lot of negative effect for
the human health. Such as:
Degree 100 ppm can cause headache, tired, and vomit
Degree 250 ppm can cause unconscious
Degree 750 ppm can cause death in a few hours
Degree 1000 ppm can cause instant death
CO gas has ability to bind in hemogoblin, complex compound
protein-iron in the blood that uses to carry the O2 from lungs to
cardiac and whole body. Bind power of hemogoblin to CO gas is 200
times stronger than O2.
Hb + O2 HbO2
Hemogoblin Oksihemogoblin
Hb + CO HbCO
Hemogoblin Karboksihemogoblin
• Carbon Dioxide
CO2 gas in the normal degree not called the pollutant gas. CO 2
needs by plant for photosynthesis. The CO2
gas comes from forest burning, result of
organism respiration, the volcano explosion,
and result of fermentation.
CO2 gas needs to keep the earth
temperature. Sun energy that reflex by earth
in the infrared light endured by CO2 molecule,
then reflex back again in the earth surface to
keep the earth stay warm. However, if the CO2 Greenhouse Effect
gas in the air increase, the infrared light that
reflex in the earth surface become increase its intensity. In addition, if
accumulated continuously will cause the earth temperature increase
and appear a new problem, The Global Heating. The global heating
will liquefy north and south polar and make the climate alteration.
• Oxide Sulphur
SO2 and SO3 in the atmosphere a big part come from result of
earth oil incineration and coal that consist of sulphur. Some of them
also come from result of oxidation Sulphide ore in the industry. Air
that consist SO2 and SO3 with high enough degree can cause throat
and lungs inflamed. Concentration limit SO3 and SO3 that still save to
consume as long 24 hours is 0, 14 ppm. 50% of SO2 that consist in
the air come from decaying organic substance in the land or sea. SO 2
and SO3 gases can be reacted with humid air and produce acid. Wind
that blow will take the acid to the far place and spread by rain. That
scene called acid rain.
• Nitrogen Compound
Sum of vehicle in the big city cause a kind of air pollution
shaped thin reddish brown fog that Smog
called smog (smoke and fog). Los Angles
city is the smoggiest city in the world.
Smog consist mixture of oxide nitrogen
and ozone in high degree. In the morning
when the traffic is busy, car’s muffler
releases NO gas to the atmosphere. This
gas made from N2 and O2 reaction when
the air enter fuel cylinder room to burn
the benzene. NO that release to the air then oxidised become NO2 that
shaped reddish brown fog. In the day, the ultraviolet of sun cause
some NO2 experience disentangling, produce free oxygen atom that
next reacted by O2 to produce O3 (ozone).
Mixture of NO2 and O3 called smog. This fog can cause many
diseases. In the evening, O3 and NO2 concentration become decrease
because experience disentangling.
• CFC Compound
The CFC gas often use as cooler, promoter, and sprayer.
Increasingly of CFC, will make our ozone
damage. On October 5th, 1989, a satellite
captured the photo of ozone layer around the Ozone Hole
south polar. Many scientists surprised
because the ozone hole is very big. If there is
no ozone anymore in the south and north
polar, the life in the earth will extinct.
Land Pollution
Land pollution is entered the pollutant shaped liquid or solid in
the land. That liquid or waste is house waste, industrial waste,
agriculture waste, etc. Land pollution can kill microorganism
(decomposer), animal, and break the food chain. Some of pollutant
consist of heavy metal like battery, mercury, etc that can penetrate to
the land. Heavy metal (Mercury, Lithium, cadmium) can damage the
nerve formation also make physical defect in organism even death.
Water Pollution
Water pollution is entered the pollutant into the water. That
pollutant can shaped liquid waste, or solid waste that come from
factory, industry, agriculture, hospital, etc. Impact of water pollution
is:
A. Extinct the organism in the water ecosystem
Fish and other water animal that befouled can poison people
that eat it. For example, causes sprayer with insecticide DDT
(dikhlor difenil trikhloroetana), the river is pollution. DDT enters
into algae. Then, a small fish eat that poisoned algae until that
DDT enters the small fish body. After that, the small fish eaten
by the bigger fish until that DDT enters this fish. People that eat
that big fish can die. Therefore, the pollutant substance walked
follows the food chain. As long, as follow the food chain, the
concentration of pollutant will become higher. The DDT
concentration in the water is low. That concentration increases
on algae, more increase on first level consumer, etc. that scene
called “pemekatan hayati.” It means the pollution can kill the
consumer in the high trofic.
5. Conclusion