Chapter-III EIA Report

FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
(Including Environmental & Emergency Management Plan)
For
EXPANSION OF CO-GEN SUGAR INDUSTRY

[FROM 4000 TCD TO 10000 TCD & 6.0 MW TO 31.5 MW
ALONG WITH 300 KLPD DISTILLERY UNIT]
By
M/s Shree Renuka Sugars Limited

Havalaga Village, Afzalpur Taluk, Gulbarga District, Karnataka.
CONTENTS
Chapter No. 1. 2. 3. INTRODUCTION PROJECT BACKGROUND Particulars Page No 1.1 1.10 2.1 2.7 3.1 3.10
PROJECT ALTERNATIVES PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND POLLUTION SOURCES WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT GASEOUS EMISSIONS AND APC MEASURES MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTES BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.
4.1 4.17
5.
5.1 5.32
6.
6.1 6.3
7.
7.1 7.3
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
8.1 8.28 9.1 9.25 10.1 10.4 11.1 - 11.19 12.1 12.3 13.1 13.2 14.1 14.3
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT BENEFITS SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION BACKGROUND OF CONSULTANTS ENCLOSURES, 1 TO 12
15.
15.1 - 15.2
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. 1.1 3.1 4.1 4.2 4.3A Title Location of Industry in District Map of Gulbarga Flow Diagram of distillery Plant Page No. 1.4 3.8 4.4 4.5 4.10
Process Flow Chart sugar and distillery Flow Chart of Sugar Manufacturing Process Material Balance with Manufacturing Flow Chart for 4000 TCD Plant Material Balance with Manufacturing Flow Chart for 10000 TCD Plant
Material Balance Chart for 300 KLPD Distillery unit Flow Chart of Water Balance for Co-gen Sugar Unit Flow Diagram of Effluent Treatment Plant Process Flow Chart with Material Balance for Distillery Flow Chart of Evaporation cum Incineration Plant
4.3B 4.4 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5
4.11 4.12 5.6 5.16 5.24 5.32 8.4 8.12 8.15 8.14 8.19
The Location Features of the Study Area Wind Rose Diagram at Plant Site Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Water Quality Monitoring Locations Soil Quality Monitoring Locations
LIST OF TABLES Table No. 1.1 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Salient Features of the Industry Title Page No. 1.3 4.6 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.14 4.14 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.13 5.14 5.22 5.22
Operation Parameters of Co- Gen Sugar Industry Land Utilization Raw Material and Products of Co-gen sugar unit Raw material and products of Distillery Unit Boiler Capacities Power Generation & Utilization Characteristics of Excess Condensate Water Utilization of Condensate Water, (m3/d) Quality of River Bhima Water Fresh Water Requirement for the Co-gen Sugar Unit, m3/d Water Balance for Co-gen Sugar Unit Wastewater Generated from the Sugar Industry, m3/d The Characteristics Of Waste Water (10000 TCD Plant) Utilization of fresh Water for Distillery Waste Water from Distillery Unit
5.10 5.11 5.12
Water Balance for Proposed 300 KLD Plant Characteristics of Spent wash The performance of Evaporator Operating parameters for ..T/hr Incineration Boilers Generation & Utilization Of Steam And Power (For 300 KLPD Distillery Plant)) Boiler and its emission
Characteristics different fuels
5.23 5.25 5.27
5.13
5.28
5.14 6.1 6.2 7.1 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 10.1
5.28 6.1 6.2 7.1 8.8 8.13 8.16 8.20 8.22 8.23 9.9 9.12 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 9.18 9.22 10.2
Quantities of soild wastes Summary of Meteorological Data near Plant Site

Ambient Air Quality Locations Water Sampling Locations Soil Sampling Locations Noise Monitoring Locations Ambient Noise Level dB(A) Stack Emissions from the Industry Data on Ambient Air quality Mixing Heights Considered For Computations Predicted GLC of SPM & SO2 NOx (For Boiler emissions) Short Term Maximum Incremental Concentrations Resultant Concentrations of Air Pollutants in Study area Data of Traffic Survey at Gulbarga Standards For Occupational Noise Exposure Post Project Monitoring Schedule
10.2
List Of Laboratory Equipments
10.3
LIST OF ENCLOSURES Enclosure No 1 2A & 2B 3A 3D 4A 4C 5A 5B 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Title Lay out plan of the proposed expanded 300 KLD distillery plant IMD data from Gulbarga Ambient air quality
Daily Meteorological data

Water Quality Data Ground water Quality Data around Plant and Spent Wash Tank Present Land Use Based on Satellite Imaginary Soil Quality Data Sampling period: 30thJanuary 2007
Green revolution by Renuka sugars limited

State wise Production of Maize Terms of references (TOR) from MoEF for EIA study Water drawl permission from the irrigation department/state ground water board Sugar Industries In Karnataka With Out Attached Distillery
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2
PROJECT BACKGROUND
CHAPTER 3
PROJECT ALTERNATIVES
Project Alternatives
EIA Report
CHAPTER - 4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND POLLUTION SOURCES
Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga
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CHAPTER 5
WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT
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CHAPTER 6
GASEOUS EMISSIONS AND APC MEASURES
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CHAPTER - 7
MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTES
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CHAPTER - 8
DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
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CHAPTER 9
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
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CHAPTER 10
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME
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CHAPTER 11
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
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CHAPTER 12
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
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CHAPTER 13
PROJECT BENEFITS
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
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BACKGROUND OF CONSULTANTS
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ENCLOSURES
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CHAPTER - 1
1.0.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1.0 PREAMBLE Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd. (SRSL) is an agro based company focused on manufacture of sugar, co-gen power generation and ethanol production. They have already established and running a fully integrated two sugar industry consisting of 2500 T/d sugar plant, 120 KLD ethanol plant and 20.5 MW co-gen power plant at S. No. 367 Manoli village, Soundatti taluka and another unit having 5000 TCD sugar, 38 MW Co-gen and 120 KLPD distillery at kokatnur of Athani taluka in Belgaum district in Karnataka state. SRSL also has on lease, a plant in Ajara in Maharashtra, and at The performance of these industries is Mohannagar in Maharashtra.
excellent. Now the company has decided to expand its sugar manufacturing activities at other potential locations in the country. Accordingly, SRSL also set up a 4000 TCD sugar industry along with 6 MW co-gen power plant for its captive use at Havalga in Gulbarga district of Karnataka. Now, the industry proposed to expand the Sugar industry for 10000 TCD with 31.5 MW power and 300 KLPD distillery unit. Salient features of the proposed project are given in Table 1.1. Alcohol has assumed a very important place in the economy of the country. The importance and utility of alcohol is well known as an industrial raw material for manufacture of a variety of organic chemicals including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, potable alcohol etc. This is partly due to high costs of products produced through petroleum route, consequent to the phenomenal increase in petroleum price. Further, it is a potential fuel in the form of power alcohol when blended with petrol. Alcohol is a substitute to the imported petroleum. Being produced from renewable source it is an environmental friendly product. Large demand is also anticipated for its use as fuel. Alcohol has assumed a very important place in the countrys economy. Use of alcohol as an ingredient in beverages is well known. It is a major source of revenue by way of excise duty for the State Governments.
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Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5
Taluk Afzalpur Javaragi Gulbarga Sindagi Indi Total
Cane area (in acres) 16500 13500 15000 12000 15000 72000
Average cane Yield/Acre (MT) 30 28 25 30 30 29
Expected production (MT) 495000 378000 375000 360000 450000 2088000
Looking into the demand of alcohol both as fuel alcohol and industrial alcohol the Shree Renuka Sugar Limited wants to set up a of 300 KLPD distillery using available infrastructure like water, steam, energy and also raw material such as molasses and grains which are available from the captive sugar industries. Maize is also a major agriculture crop in this district and also adjoining districts like Raichur, Bidar and Bijapur. Industry wants to use the locally available grains for its use based on economics. The cane availability status in the operational area of Havalga unit The existing 4000 TCD sugar industry is located in 145.32 Acres of land at Havalga village limits in Afzalpur taluk of Gulbarga district. The same is proposed to expand to 10000 TCD looking into the infrastructure facility and raw material like sugar cane production from the farmers field. The distance from the district Head Quarters is 67 and 97 kms from Gulburga & Bijapur towns respectively. The nearest railway station is Kulali, which is about 35 kms from the factory site. The location of distillery site is shown in the District map of Gulbarga (Figure1.1). Industrial activities such as distilleries invariably involve utilization of natural resources and generation of waste substances and they may have adverse consequence to the environment. However, mankind as it is developed today can not live without taking up these activities for his food, security or other needs. Hence, there is a need to harmonies developmental activities with the environmental concern. EIA is one of the tools available with the planners to achieve the above goal. It is desirable to ensure that the project activity is sustainable. Hence, the environmental consequence must be characterized early in the project cycle and accounted for in the project design.
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Table-1.1 Salient Features of the Industry Sl. No. 1 Feature Particulars
Name and address of Shree Renuka Sugars Limited., S. No. 233, Havalaga village, Afzalpur the Company taluk, Gulbarga district, Karnataka state. Project Expansion of Sugar plant from 4000 TCD to 10000 TCD and from 6 MW to 31.5 MW Co-gen and Establishment of 300 KLPD Distillery unit Public Ltd. Company 1995 2006 225 for sugar industry 300 for distillery Present Sugar Industry Co-generation Ethyl Alcohol 4000 TCD 6.0 the 205 145.32 acres (58.83 Hectares) 35 TPH (2 nos) Bagasse 7.5 x 2 MW (Back pressure) 5.0 MW & River Bhima 500 m3/d 150 m3/d Rs. 600 lakhs Rs. 3000 lakhs River Bhima 1500 m3/d Rs. 3000 lakhs Rs. 24800 lakhs in Additional 10000 TCD 25.5 300 KLPD Molasses 400 T/d 455 --100 TPH Bagasse 25.5MW (double extraction condensing) 18.0 MW
Constitution 3 4 5 Date of incorporation Date of commissioning Working days per year
Main raw material Man power industry
7 8 9 10
Total land area Boiler capacity Boiler fuel Steam turbine capacity
11 12
Power requirement Water requirement source Source Total Quantity Gardening
13 14
Investment on EMP Project investment
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Figure-1.1 Location of Industry in District Map of Gulbarga
Project Site
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The objective of EIA is to fore see the potential environmental problems that would arise out of the proposed development and address them in the project planning and design stage. The present EIA report incorporates the environmental consequence of the proposed distillery expansion project along with the measures adopted in the distillery for control of pollution and enhancement of environmental quality. 1.2.0 NECESSITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Alcohol is produced in the distilleries by fermentation and distillation processes. Molasses, a waste/byproduct of sugar industry is used as raw material by most of the distilleries. Spent wash produced as an effluent is the major pollutant from the distilleries. It is highly contaminated with inorganic and organic matter. Proper handling and disposal of spent wash is necessary to prevent its adverse effects on the environment. State and Central pollution control authorities have issued guidelines to the distilleries for treatment and safe disposal of spent wash. Accordingly, the distillery spent wash will be concentrated and burned in the incineration process. The proposed distillery project is listed under EIA Notification dated 14-092006 of Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India. Further, it is categorized under Category-A of Schedule 5 (g) of this notification. As per the above notification, sugar industry more than 5000 TCD and molasses based industry prior clearance from MoEF is mandatory before establishment of this industry. Under Environmental Protection Act (EPA) 1986, before establishment of any project it is also mandatory for the project proponents to obtain consent on environmental angle from State pollution control board. Accordingly application has been made to MoEF New Delhi for the ToR to conduct EIA studies on the proposed project. Accordingly the application in Form no -1 is enclosed along with ToR proposal to be approved by expert appraisal committee. EIA studies have to be conducted and its report is prepared for submission to KSPCB for conducting public hearing/ consultation on the proposed project. Final report will be prepared from the out come/ comments received from the
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public ofter completion of the public hearing. This is in accordance with the recent amendment to the notification of EP (1986) Act on 14.09.2006. 1.3.0 BACK GROUND OF THE MANAGEMENT Shree Renuka Sugars Limited (SRSL) is a fully integrated sugar company engaged in manufacture of sugar, power and ethanol production. SRSL was established in the year 1995 and began operation in 1999 at was increased Manoli by setting up of a sugar plant at a capacity of 2500 TCD along with a co-generation plant of 11.2 MW. The commercial production of sugar at Manoli started in November 1999 and generation of power in April 2000. In the year 2002, a distillery to manufacture ethanol with a capacity of 60 KLPD was set up. In the year 2003, the co-generation capacity was at Manoli from 11.2 MW to 20.5 MW. The initial processing of raw sugar to refined sugar at 250 TPD was under taken in the year 2003 and this was raised to process 1000 TPD in the year 2004. SRSL also has 5000 TCD sugar unit and 120 KLPD distillery unit at Athani taluka of Belgaum district and 4000 TCD plant at Havalaga at Gulbarga. SRSL also has sugar industries on lease, at Ajara and at Mohannagar in Maharashtra. These industries are working since last two years. SRSL is a premier company in establishing innovative ideas and new technologies in the manufacturing processes and environmental friendly measures in their industries. Recently, the company has entered in to market for public fund raising and it received very good response from the investors. With success in its existing ventures the company has now proposed to establish more sugar and allied industries in the country. The company is managed by Managing Director, Sri Narendra Murkumbi B.E, MBA, (IIM, Ahmedabad) under the guidance of Board of Directors. The Chairperson of the Company is Mrs. Vidya M. Murkumbi a successful industrialist with wide experience. President of the company Shri S. M. Kaluti, a former Director of Sugars Karnataka State and more than 30 years experience in the field is in charge of project development. The management is well organized to run the industry in a scientific and efficient manner.
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Qualified and experienced technical personnel manage the production activities in the industry. Existing Owned and leased Sugar, Co-gen and Ethanol capacities given below
Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 unit Munoli Ajara Arag Athani Havalaga Aland Total State Karnataka Maharashtra Maharashtra Karnataka Karnataka Karnataka Ownership (Owned /Leased) Owned Leased Leased Owned Owned leased Sugar Capacity TCD 7500 2500 4000 5000 4000 1250 24250 refining Capacity TPD 1000 1200 2200 Co-gen Capacit y MW 35.5 38 6 79.5 Ethanol Capacity KLPD 120 120 240
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Sl.No
01
Name
Mrs. Vidya N. Murkumbi Mr. Narendra Murkumbi Dr. B. P. Baliga
Position
Chairperson Managing Director Director
Description
A respected lady of entrepreneur of Karnataka having high local standing B.E. MBA (IIM Ahmedabad) Ph.D. Texas, Formerly research Director of Tata Oil Mills. Leading food Technologist in India. Leading sugar Technologist of India and mission Director of Sugar Technology mission Govt. of India. Senior associate with Crow ford Baylay & Co., leading solicitor for Mumbai. Special experience in mergers and acquisitions and legal framework of Power Sector in India. Retired Senior IAS Officer. Exchairman IREDA nominee of IREDA.
02
03
04
Mr. J. J. Bhagat
Director
05
Mr. Sanjay K. Asher
Director
06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13
Mr. L.M. Menezes S.M.Kaluti Mr. Nandan V Yalagi Mr.Hirshikesh.B.Parandekar Mr.Jonathan Kinghsman Mr.Robert Taylor Mr.Surendra kumar Tuteja Mr. Nitin A Puranik
Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director
Financially the Promoters are sound and are capable of mobilizing adequate funds towards equity from their friends, Associates and Public. The
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Company proposes to obtain long term loan from the Financial Institutions to meet cost of distillery expansion project and the effluent treatment allied to it. LOCATION The proposed site for SRSL Unit V is located at Havalaga village of Kallur Gram Panchayat limit in Afzalpur taluka of Gulburga district, 2 kms away from Ghattaraga village. The site is located 12 kms away from Afzalpur town on the road connecting taluka head quarters of Afzalpur, Sindagi & Jevargi (via Bridge-cum-Barrage at Ghattaraga). The site is situated 37 and 49 kms from Sindagi and Jevargi towns respectively. The distance from the district Head Quarters is 67 and 97 kms from Gulburga & Bijapur towns respectively. The nearest railway station is Kulali, which is about 35 kms from the factory site. The other two railway stations are situated at Goudagoan and Kuganoor which are about 42 and 47 kms respectively from the factory site. The location of site in the district map of Gulbarga is given in Figure-1.1. The command area of the factory is spread over the villages coming in the radius 15 kms from the factory site. It covers villages of Afzalpur taluka, villages of Sindagi taluka and villages of Jevargi taluka. The command area is located in North-east Karnataka high/medium recovery zone. This zone is considered as an ideal one for achieving maximum cane productivity and the highest percentage of sugar recovery. The molasses obtained as a byproduct is used as raw material in the process of distillery unit to produce alcohol. Hence, the management thought of increasing the crushing capacity of sugar unit from 4000 TCD to 10000 TCD and co-gen unit from 6.0 MW to 31.5 MW along with 300 KLPD distillery. The by-products obtained are profitably used as raw material in the co-gen plant as well as in the distillery unit for the production of power and ethanol 1.4.0 OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF EIA
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The overall objective of any EIA studies is to identify and assess the adverse and beneficial impacts of the project in the planning stage itself, so that necessary mitigation measures to prevent or minimize these adverse impacts could be planned early and cost effectively. In view of this objectivity, the scope of EIA study broadly includes: i. Introduction along with scope and methodologies for EIA study.
ii. Preliminary details of project including type, need and location of project and also the magnitude of project activities. iii. Process and site alternatives are evaluated and their final selection is justified with respect to technical and environmental considerations. iv. Project description including process, resource required and products formed along with sources of pollution and built in mitigation measures with respect to waste water, gaseous emissions and Solid wastes. v. To assess the existing baseline status of the relevant environmental parameters in the study area through primary and secondary source. The environmental parameters include meteorological data, air, water, land, soil, noise, ecology and socio economics. vi. To Identify and quantify significant impacts of the proposed project on environment and to plan measures for mitigation of the predicted adverse impacts. vii. Technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures. It includes laboratory and other facilities, monitoring facilities, environmental parameters to be monitored, data to be analyzed and sampling location and schedule. It also includes budgetary provision and procurement schedule for the monitoring facilities. viii. Project benefits in terms of improvement in social and physical infrastructures, administrative aspects of environmental management plan to ensure that the mitigation measures are implemented and their effectiveness is monitored.
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ix. Summary and conclusion consisting of over all justification of project. It also includes significant adverse effects of the project along with measures to over come the same.
1.5.0
TERMS OF REFERENCES (ToR) FROM MoEF FOR EIA STUDY
Terms of References were specified to this industry by Environmental Appraisal Committee, MoEF New Delhi during their meeting held on 21-0108 is given below. The EIA studies were conducted based on these TOR and accordingly the EIA report is prepared. The list of ToR and their compliances is given in Enclosure-9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Executive summary of the project. Present land use based on satellite imagery. Details of site and information related to environmental setting within 10 km radius of the project site. Source of molasses/grains. Information regarding eco-sensitive area such as national park/wildlife sanctuary/biosphere reserves within 10km radius of project area. Ambient air quality monitoring for three months except monsoon. Mathematical modeling for calculating the dispersion of air pollutants and ground level concentration along with emissions from the spent wash and bagasse fired boiler. Details of traffic density vis-s-vis impact on the ambient air. Details of the use of steam from the boiler. Ground water quality around the unit and molasses storage area. Detailed water balance indicating the input and output. Noise levels monitoring at five locations within the study area. List of flora and fauna in the study area. Number of working days of the distillery unit. Details of the spent wash treatment. Proposed effluent treatment system and scheme for achieving zero discharge. Water drawl permission from the irrigation department/state ground water board. Details of solid waste management including management of boiler ash. Green development as per the CPCB guidelines. Environment Management Plan. Measure for rain water harvesting. Details of Occupational health surveillance programme.
8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
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23. Details of Socio-economic welfare activities. 24. Post project environmental monitoring. 25. Action plan in the tabular form to the issue/suggestions made during the public hearing along with the implementation plan and allocation of fauna.
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CHAPTER 2
2.0.0 PROJECT BACKGROUND 2.1.0 TYPE OF PROJECT The project is the manufacturing of ethanol of 300 KLPD capacity of the distillery along with 31.5 MW power plant and expansion of sugar unit from 4000 TCD to 10000 TCD. The raw material for distillery for its expansion is molasses, which is obtained as waste or by product from sugar industry and farmers field for cane supply to sugar unit. Thus raw material is based on agriculture source. The objective of EIA is to fore see the potential environmental problems that would arise out of the proposed development and address them in the project planning and design stage. The present EIA report incorporates the environmental consequence of the proposed distillery expansion project along with the measures adopted in the distillery for control of pollution and enhancement of environmental quality. 2.2.0 NEED FOR THE PROJECT Sugar cane is one of the important cash crops of India. The industries based on sugarcane and its allied by-products help farmers and provide employment to the rural people. Bagasse, molasses and press mud are the waste by-products of sugar industry. These products once thought to be waste are now being used as raw material in the production of valuable products such as alcohol, bio-manure and allied products. The sugar is also food commodity required to be distributed to local marketing and also has a potential to earn forging exchange by the export. Alcohol is eco-friendly product which can be used as a substitute to petroleum, it is used as a raw material in manufacture of organic chemicals and as a fuel in automobiles. Hence, the distillery helps to reduce the dependency on petroleum and has potential to save foreign exchange. Petroleum is a scarce, non-renewable and nonecofriendly product. Alcohol being used in beverages is a potential source of revenue to the government. The importance and utility of alcohol is well known as an industrial raw
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material for manufacture of a variety of organic chemicals including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, potable alcohol etc. It is now being increasingly appreciated all over the world. This is partly due to high costs of products produced through petroleum route, consequent to the phenomenal increase in petroleum price. Alcohol is also known as eco-friendly product as it is produced out of renewable source. Alcohol is a potential fuel in the form of power alcohol when blended with petrol. Ethanol is substitute to the imported petroleum. Being produced from renewable source it is an environmental friendly product. Large demand is also anticipated for its use as fuel. Under the National Ethanol Programme, there is a mandate to blend 5 % ethanol, in petrol in nine sugar producing states. This programme was started on 1st October 2003. This amounts to a demand of 360 million liters of ethanol per year. This programme took the back seat in 2004 due to the draught like conditions and a bad sugar cane crop. With good monsoons in 2004 and on wards, the country is set for a reasonably good sugar cane crop in this season. In addition, the Government of India has set a dead line for introduction of gasoline and diesel confirming to Euro-3 fuel standards in 11 cities of India. The Euro-3 standard specifies the presence of an oxidant in the fuel, which minimizes the emissions due to the combustions of these fuels. Ethanol being one of the most viable additives available, the oil companies has to use ethanol for blending with petrol. The ethanol programme has already been restarted. Government of India as all ready initiated to enhance blending of alcohol with petrol upto 10% from November 2007. Once this programme is stabilized by then the demand for ethanol would be more than double. The Indian Alcohol Industry is mostly dependent on sugar factories for molasses as raw material. India currently produces nearly 300 million tons of sugarcane, of which about 180 million tons is crushed in sugar mills. The production of molasses from sugar industry is about 8 million tons. Considering that, one tone of molasses generates about 220 liters of alcohol the maximum output through the alcohol route (assuming the entire molasses is used up) is 176 million liters. The demand supply scenario &
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projected demand of alcohol in India as per All India Distillery Association, New Delhi is given below:
Demand supply scenario & projected demand of alcohol in India (million liters)
Year 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 Alcohol productio n (supply) 165.45 165.45 165.45 165.45 165.45 Industrie s 62.65 72.22 79.44 87.38 96.12 Consumption by For Potabl Admixture e s in Petrol 82.35 45.00 94.70 90.00 108.91 99.00 125.25 108.90 144.03 119.79 For Export 14.40 17.28 20.74 24.88 29.86 Total Demand 207.40 274.20 308.09 346.41 389.80 Supply 165.45 165.45 165.45 165.45 165.45 Short fall 41.95 108.75 142.64 180.96 224.35
From the above table, it can be observed that there is a shortfall of about 224.35 million liters alcohol in the country. The industry on expansion will provide direct and indirect employment to more than 1000 local rural persons. With the industry, the road, communication and related facilities in the region will also improve. 2.3.0 LOCATION 2.3.1 GENERAL LOCATIONS The proposed site for SRSL Unit V is located at Havalaga village of Kallur Gram Panchayat limit in Afzalpur taluka of Gulburga district, 2 kms away from Ghattaraga village. The site is located 12 kms away from Afzalpur town on the road connecting taluka head quarters of Afzalpur, Sindagi & Jevargi (via Bridge-cum-Barrage at Ghattaraga). The site is situated 37 and 49 kms from Sindagi and Jevargi towns respectively. The distance from the district Head Quarters is 67 and 97 kms from Gulburga & Bijapur towns respectively. The nearest railway station is Kulali, which is about 35 kms from the factory site. The other two railway stations are situated at Goudagoan and Kuganoor which are about 42 and 47 kms respectively from the factory site. The proposed site of the distillery is shown in the District map of Gulbarga in Karnataka state (Figure 1.1). 2.3.2 SPECIFIC LOCATIONS The industry has possessed a total of 145.32 acres of land of which 95.32 acres is utilized for expansion of sugar unit and establishment of the
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distillery and its associated activities. Balance of 50.0 acres around the distillery is for the use of sugar unit and open land for development of greenery. The site is nearly a plain land sloping towards south-east. The site includes the existing 4000 TCD sugar plant and its infrastructure. The expansion of the industry is proposed in the existing premise. The site and its immediate surroundings were barren with out any vegetation. However, during last 2 years the industry has developed planned greenery and green belt in the premise. 2.4.0 MAGNITUDE OF OPERATIONS AND ACTIVITIES 2.4.1 MAN POWER During construction During operation 2.4.2 LAND The industry with 4000 TCD sugar plant has possessed 145.32 acres of land. Expansion of the sugar unit to 10000 TCD and co-gen unit to 31.5 MW along with a new distillery plant of 300 KLPD capacity will be installed adjoining to existing sugar plant premise. Infrastructure facilities like water, energy for its expansion is already available. Construction activities for the expansion are given below. Layout plan of the Factory is given in Enclosure -13. 1. Extent of total land involved in establishment of distillery and its Effluent Treatment plant is 50.0 acres. 2. Construction works: mill house, distillery plant, boiler house, turbine house, molasses, alcohol storage, spent wash storage tanks, biomethanation plant, compost yard, finished bio-manure storage yard etc., 3. Above ground building / structures: 6 to 15 m height for buildings / structures. : : 150 (average for about 300 days) 535
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4. Excavations: 1 to 3 m foundations machinery such as turbine, water storage tank. 5. Constructed floor area of buildings & other structures: 4000 m2. 6. Construction period: 12 months. 7. Construction material including Size stones, Sand, Boulders, Bricks and gravel is about 2000 T. 2.4.4 TRANSPORTATION 1. Personnel A maximum of 150 persons will be engaged in construction works. Construction period is about 12 months. They use company vehicle facilities, public transportation and own vehicles. A total of about 10 visits will be made by the motor vehicles to the industry for transportation of personnel. During operation a maximum of about 535 persons (inclusive of 205 existing employees) are expected in the industry. A total of about 10 visits by four wheelers and about 40 visits by two wheelers will be made to for transportation of personnels. 2. Material A maximum of construction material including gravel, sand, stone and bricks transported per day will be about 10 lorry load. 2.4.3 CIVIL WORKS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE During operation, a maximum of about 90 loads moving to the industry to carry material. 2.4.4 TRANSPORTATION OF MATERIAL DURING OPERATION PHASE Molasses 400 T/d, 15 tanker lorries per day Alcohol 300 KL/d, 15 tanker lorries per day
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Press mud 38 lorry/tractors per day Sugar cane 10000 T/d, 600-650 trips of lorry per day (during crushing season) 2.4.5 PRODUCTION AND RELATED ACTIVITIES DURING OPERATION 1. 300 KLPD molasses based distillery. 2. 10000 TCD sugar cane crushing. 3. Water treatment plant of 1500 m3/d capacity 2.4.6 RESOURCES CONSUMED FOR 300 KLPD PLANT 1. Molasses : 1200 T/d.
2. Water from Bhima River: 1500 m3/d. 3. Power 15.0 MW (captive source including sugar plant requirement) 4. Fuel for Co-gen power plant requirement & distillery requirement Bagasse : 1963 T/d
2.4.7 BULK STORAGE FACILITIES 1. Prepared yard covered roof in the area of 2 hectares for storage of Bagasse 2. Molasses storage tanks 4 Nos, each of 6000 MT and 2 No of 10000 MT capacity. 3. Ethanol solvent storage tanks 5 Nos, total 2000 m3 capacity. 4. Spent wash storage tank, total capacity 30000 m3 5. Water reservoir 30000 m3 2.4.8 PROJECT INVESTMENT Total project cost : Rs. 248 Crores
2.5.0 SCHEDULE FOR APROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT Sl. No. 1 2 Project activity Application to MoEF New Delhi for ToR. Approval of ToR from MoEF New Delhi. Proposed time December 2007 January 2008
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3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Submission of Draft EIA and public hearing. Submission of consent application to KSPCB Bangalore. Submission EIA to MoEF environmental clearance. New Delhi for
March 2008 April 2008 April 2008 June 2008 July 2008 June 2008 December 2008
Environmental clearance from MoEF New Delhi Environmental consent from KSPCB Bangalore. Commencement project construction work. Commencement of commissioning and trial production.
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CHAPTER - 3
3.0.0 PROJECT ALTERNATIVES
In the present chapter process and site alternatives are evaluated, and their final selection is justified with respect to technical and environmental considerations. A project of any nature consists of various activities, which involve men, money and material. These activities may consume natural resources and discharge wastes, which are likely to have serious consequence to the environment. A number of alternative options may be available to carry out many of these activities. An option with least or nil adverse environment impacts is to be selected. Critical analysis is therefore required for selection of the right alternative. Alternative Analysis (AA) has been done for critical aspects of the project. Alternative options were considered with respect to the following: i. Siting of Project ii. Technology / Processes. iii. No Project Option 3.1.0 SITTING OF PROJECT 3.1.1 GENERAL GUIDE LINES Sitting restrictions for the project depend on the sensitivity of the surrounding environment. Sensitivity of the project site should be assessed in relation to its proximity to the ecologically sensitive places. As per MoEF guidelines, following aspects are to be considered while selecting the site: i. Land procured should be minimum but sufficient to provide greenbelt. If treated effluent is to be utilized for irrigation, additional agricultural land is to be made available. ii. Enough space for storing solid waste.
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iii. Layout and form of the project must confirm to the landscape of the area with out affecting the existing scenic features. iv. If associated township of the project is to be created, it must provide space for phyto-graphic barrier between project and township and also should take into account of wind direction. v. The site should not be in migration route. vi. It should not interfere with the natural water course vii. Forest, agriculture, and fertile and other specified lands to be avoided. viii. The following distances maintained between the project and specified location Estuaries: 200 m Flood plains of riverian systems: 500M Highways and Railways: 500M Streams and rivers used for drinking water supply: 1500 m Ecological and/or otherwise sensitive areas: 15 km 3.1.2 SITE REQUIREMENT FOR PROPOSED INDUSTRY The distillery involves handling of huge quantities of raw materials and products and therefore requires large area for installation of the industry. It generates large quantity of highly contaminated effluents. Additional land is also needed for providing effluent treatment facilities such as Concentration and Incineration plant , effluent storage reservoirs etc. The company has established and running a 4000 TCD sugar unit near Havalga village in Afzalpur taluk in Gulbarga district and it has already possesses about 145.32 acres (58.83 hectors) land, which is adequate for the present and future expansion of the production capacity and its infrastructure. The sugar unit surrounding is agricultural land and these lands are mainly rain fed. The area is thinly populated. The site is away
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from any sensitive locations and its meets the site selection criteria. Hence, Shree Renuka Sugars Ltd (SRSL) has proposed to expansion of sugar unit and co-gen unit and to establish a 300 KLPD capacity of distillery at the location of the existing sugar unit premises with modern technology. 3.2.0 TECHNOLOGY/ PROCESS The process selection is done based on the following considerations: i. ii. iii. iv. v. Least stress on resources including raw materials and utilities. Reduce, Recycle and Reuse of wastes. Least or no pollution from the industry. Least or no risk to human and property. Least or no adverse impacts on environment.
The technology options for the proposed Ethanol plant were considered based on raw material, process and waste water generation. 3.2.1 RAW MATERIAL Ethanol can be produced by fermentation of various raw materials containing starch or sugar such as maize, sweat sorghum, sugar cane juice, sugar, molasses etc. However, molasses available from the sugar industry is established to be preferable on techno-economical considerations. Molasses is left out waste product after recovery of sugar from sugar juice. So far in the country, ethanol is manufactured from molasses and grains as they are available in sufficient quantities and at economical cost. In recent years, the demand for alcohol is continuously increasing due to its utilization as fuel and as raw material for various chemical products. As the availability of molasses is limited large number of grain based distilleries are coming up in the country. SRSL propose to establish a 300 KLPD plant by molasses to meet the demand of the market and also maintain the stability of the raw materials available to the industry.
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3.2.2 MANUFACTURING PROCESS Molasses is the chief raw material used in India for production of ethanol. Molasses contains about 50% total sugars, of which, 30 to 33% are cane sugar and the rest are reducing sugar. During the fermentation, yeast strains of the species Saccharomyces, a living microorganism belonging to class fungi converts sugar (sucrose) present in the molasses in to alcohol. Chemically, this transformation for sucrose to ethanol can be approximated by the equation. I C12H22O11 + H2O Cane Sugar Water 342 18 C6 H12O6 180 = 2C6 H12O6 Glucose/Fructose 360 2C2H5OH Ethanol 92 + 2CO2 Carbon-dioxide 88
II
The 180gm of sugars on reaction gives 92 gm of ethanol. Therefore, 1 Tonne of sugar gives 511 kgs of alcohol. The specific gravity of ethanol is 0.7934. Therefore, 511 kg of ethanol is equivalent to (511/0.7934) 644 litres of ethanol. All the sugars are not converted to ethanol during the process of fermentation because chemicals like amyl alcohol, glycerin; succinic acid, etc. are also produced as side products (impurities) by yeast during their metabolic process. Therefore, it is not possible to have 100% efficiency. Ethanol can be conveniently manufactured from fermentation of molasses or sugar cane juice. In sugar industries the molasses is produced in large quantities as a waste product. Molasses contains 40 to 45% fermentable sugar matter, which is made of disaccharide (sucrose) and monosaccharide (fructose and glucose). Similarly cane juice also contains fermentable sugar in the range of 3 to 15 % sugar. Fermentation has to be done in the presence of yeast containing suitable enzyme such as inverts and zymage to produce ethanol. The disaccharide present in molasses is first converted into monosaccaride consisting of fructose and glucose and then into ethanol. The reactions involved in fermentation are represented by, C12H22O11+H2O Disaccharide C6H12O6+C6H12O6 d Glucose d Fructose
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C6H1206 Monosaccharide
2C2H50H+2CO2 Ethyl alcohol
Selection of suitable culture and correct reaction conditions such as temperature, pH, concentration of nutrients and mixing are essential to get maximum yield of ethanol and also to prevent the formation of impurities. The manufacture of ethanol basically involves fermentation of sugar material. The fermenter solution is distilled to recover 95% ethanol as R.S. Conventional fermentation process employed for production of Rectified Spirit (R.S.) involves the batch process with 3 to 5 fermenters in series. The fermentation is carried out with 15 to 20% solid content in the reactor. The process generates 12 to 15 liters of spent wash water per liter of rectified spirit and 220-230 liter rectified spirit per tone of molasses. The process was subsequently improved by employing continuous fermentation process with one or more fermenters in series. This has the advantage 250-270 liter R.S. production per tone of molasses and 10-12 liter of spent wash generation per liter of R.S. Continuous fermentation has reduced fermentation period to less than 36 hours. The spent wash generation can be further reduced to 8 to 10 liters by incorporation of re-boilers in distillation columns. SRSL have selected HIFERM-GR continuous fermentation technology with yeast recycle using yeast separators for production of RS and ENA. The genetically modified yeast stain used has property to form flocks and settle faster than the sludge present in the medium. Hence, separation and recycle of sludge is avoided. The yeast cream obtained by settling is subjected to centrifugal yeast separation, acidified and then reactivated in the dilute molasses medium. Reactivated yeast performs better compared to recycling yeast with out reactivation. This has lead to higher fermentation efficiency, higher productivity and generation of less quantity of spent wash. The company proposes to implement 300 KLD distillery plant using molasses as raw material keeping flexibility of using either molasses or grain as raw material.
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In the proposed 300 KLPD distillery, the average efficiency of conversion of sugars present in molasses to alcohol is 80 to 85% of theoretical value. For bringing out above biochemical reaction, we require proper and careful handling of yeast, optimum parameters like pH and temperature control and substrate concentration, which results into effective conversion of sugars to alcohol. The proposed distillation plant is designed as an INTEGRATED MODEL with Zero Pollution option having no discharge of spent wash from the unit. It has incorporated an advanced technology like Concentration by evaporation and Incineration for disposal of spent wash generated in the process. The product obtained by concentration and incineration of spent wash is used as fuel in the boiler. The ash from the boiler contains phosphorus and potash and therefore it can be used as a soil nutrient in agricultural lands. The main features of INTEGRATED MODEL are, i. ii. Captive generation of fuel Multi fuel boiler capable of generating steam on fuels like, Bagasse and other bio-mass. iii. Zero pollution after adopting concentration and Incineration. iv. Potash rich Ash generated from incineration boiler is to be used in the agriculture lands of the farmers. Recently the fermentation process is further improved by recycle of yeast and use of better strains. Fermentation is completed in 18 to 24 hours in a continuous system less than 8 liters of spent wash generation per liter of R.S. the process also produces higher yield of ethanol. SRSL has adopted the latest process with a view to minimize the problem of spent wash management. A typical process flow diagram of RS plant is given in Figure 3.1. Various modifications incorporated in the process to improve upon its performance are summarized below:
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i.
Employment of improved culture and continuous fermentation system, whereby, fermentation period is reduced from 72 hrs to less than 18 hours.
ii.
Clarification of fermented wash where by bio-culture developed in the process is recovered and recycled. This has reduced the requirement of fresh culture and nutrients in the fermenter.
iii. iv.
Multi pressure distillation to economize steam consumption. Provision of re-boiler, which has resulted in reduction of effluent generation and fresh water requirement. This has dispensed with the requirement of live steam to the distillation column and resulted in further reduction of effluent quantity and requirement of fresh water.
3.2.3 WASTE WATER (SPENT WASH) MANAGEMENT 1. Spent Wash Treatment Methods Zero Pollution by Distillery Effluent. - Technical Approach
CONCENTRATION-INCINERATION PROCESS FOR SPENTWASH
Concentration process:
Molasses is fermented and distilled to produce
alcohol. The wastewater in proportion of 1:10-12 from the distillation, called molasses alcohol slops, has a solid content of about 13 15% and organic matter content of about 8 to 10%. Molasses alcohol slops (Spent wash) is concentrated in a four-effect evaporators to 65% solids. It is then taken to a storage tank for its use as fuel to generate steam. The condensate from fist effect evaporator is recycled as feed water to Boiler and condensate from the last three effects can be used for dilution purpose in the process. Thus practically there is NO NEED FOR ANY PROCESS WATER. Burning process: In order to burn concentrated slops in the Boiler-coal/furnace oil is used as fuel in the startup to raise the furnace temperature to 900
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degree Centigrade. Then the concentrated slops are
injected
by a
high pressure pump at a predetermined rate and is sprayed in the Boiler. There is no need to use any auxiliary fuel and the rated steam output can be achieved with Concentrated Slop. However, if additional Steam and Power are required for process it can be achieved with simultaneous burning of cheap, low calorific value Solid Fuels like Bagasse/ Rice Husk/ Coal.
The exhaust steam of Turbine can be used for concentrating wastewater while the surplus steam can be used for process. flue gases will first pass through the The ash separator in the furnace
outlet where part of the coarse ash is separated, and then passed through the specially designed back-end boiler bank. The heat released can be used to heat by the RESP/Bag filter feed water, and gases are passed and the ash collected through ESP/Bag filters. Ash from the Grating
can be converted into granular fertilizers of
required proportion of N: P: K. In China, the proportion used is 8:8:9. The potassium content in Ash is around 12-17%. The addition of Urea & DAP shall be adjusted to give the required proportion. The thermal energy from the burning can be used for concentration and process. Steam is recycled and ash can be profitably used. Thus the recycling of alcohol waste to value added components are being achieved and at the same time achieving comprehensive and thorough treatment of sugar cane molasses alcohol slops leading to ZERO DISCHARGE.
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3.1 Flow Chart of 300 KLPD Distillery
Molasses Storage Fresh Water + Process Condensate (685+900)
Molasses (1200T)
Dilutor
Yeast + Nutrient (0.5T)

Pre Fermenter
Spent Yeast sludge (0.5T)
Filtrate
Centrifuge
CO2 & vapor loss (235T)

Vapor Condensate (900KL)
Main Fermenter
Analyzer Column
Leen spent wash (1800KL)
Falling Film Evaporator
Rectifier
Spent lees (450KL)
Concentrated Spent Wash (450KL)
Condenser
Fuel in Incineration Boiler along with supporting fuel
Cooling water
Molecular Sieve
ETHANOL (300KL)
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NO PROJECT OPTION No project option is considered mainly with respect to: i. ii. iii. Utilization of natural resources Environmental impacts, harmful or beneficial Benefits of the industry to the society
Sugar industry is considered to be agricultural based industry which is capable of improving the economic status of the rural population of the country. Sugar cane crop is considered as cash crops for the farmers. Therefore, sugar industry plays an important role in improving the economic status of the region. Distillery and co-gen is proposed mainly for the purpose of best utilization of waste product such as molasses produced in the sugar industry to produce ethanol. This product is environmental friendly and is essential commodity as indicated below. The requirement of power to the distillery is met from captive source. With improved technology adopted in the distillery, the pollution to the environment is insignificant. Ethanol is an essential product for use in beverages, as raw material for various organic products and as a liquid fuel for use in automobiles. Ethanol is useful as a substitute to the petroleum source and basically an environmental friendly product. It is a major source of revenue to the government. The production of ethanol has a potential in saving foreign exchange and export earnings. Being an agro-based unit the distillery will help farmers to improve their economic conditions. With expansion of the distillery capacity the economic performance of the Company will also be improved. The proposed project will not cause depletion of natural resources or the significant adverse impacts on environment. On the contrary, it will produce value added resources such as ethanol, bio-manure and bio-energy. Hence, No Project Option is not considered.
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CHAPTER - 4 4.0.0 PROCESS DESCRIPTION AND SOURCES OF POLLUTION

This chapter presents process description, resources required with quantities, and the waste products generated along with the source of pollution related to the sugar, co-gen and distillery Industry after its proposed expansion. 4.1.0 MANUFACTURING PROCESS Sugar cane is the raw material for manufacture of sugar. Juice is extracted from sugar cane, which is then processed to recover sugar. Bagasse, which is the left out fiber material after extraction of juice from sugar cane, is used as fuel in boiler to produce steam. Steam is used evaporation of sugar juice and for generation of electric power. The flow diagram of sugar manufacturing process is given in Figure - 4.1 and 4.2. A brief description of the process is given bellow. i. CRUSHING OF SUGARCANE
Sugarcane is harvested and dressed in the fields and then supplied to factories through Lorries, tractor trailers or bullock carts. Crushing takes place mainly in two stages; first the preparation and then milling. Preparation is done in leveller, cutter and fibrizer. The prepared cane is then crushed by passing through 4 sets of mills. Hot water is added in the course of crushing as imbibitions water for better extraction of juice from sugarcane. After crushing, the bagasse is sent to boiler as fuel and juice is sent for purification and recovery of sugar. ii. JUICE CLARIFICATION
The weighed quantity of juice is primarily heated 70-75 0C in juice heaters and then treated with lime solution. The juice is heated again to 100-115 0C in another set of juice heaters. The hot juice is sent to clarifier. Clarified juice is decanted out and sent for evaporation in a set of multiple effect evaporator bodies. The juice at 15% is concentrated in the evaporators in to a syrup of 60% concentration. iii. CRYSTALLIZATION
The syrup is sent to pan floor for further concentration in vacuum pans. The syrup collected in supply tanks is taken to pans for boiling where the syrup concentrates and attains super saturation stage. In such a condition sugar grains are formed in the syrup. The syrup mass with sugar particles is called massecuite. The massecuite is dropped in crystallisers and cooled to complete the crystallization. iv. CENTRIFUGE
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Massecuite is taken into the high-speed centrifugal machine. Sugar crystals are separated form mother Liquor and sent to driers. Non crystallisable matter from the syrup, called molasses, is drained out from the centrifuge. The molasses is weighed and sent to storage tank. v. DRYING GRADING AND BAGGING
Sugar is dried in the vibrating hopper and graded by passing though standard sieves. The graded sugar is bagged, weighted for 50 and 100 Kg net, stitched, numbered and stacked in sugar godown. vii. STEAM GENERATION The steam is required for both power and sugar plants. The boiler is fired with bagasse generated in the sugar plant. The flue gas from the boiler is passed through ESP/Bagfilter to free it from suspended particles and then vented through a chimney of adequate height. The boiler ash is quenched and is sent to collector bin through belt conveyor. Bagasse from mills or storage yard is sent to boiler through mechanical conveyor.
vii. ELECTRICITY GENERATION
The high pressure steam from the boiler is passed through back pressure steam turbine. Back pressure steam exhausted at 1.5 kg/cm2 from turbine is used in sugar plant to meet its process requirement. The electric power produced from turbine is used to meet the captive power requirement of the sugar industry. The operation parameters for sugar and power plant are given in Table-4.1.
2.1.0 LAND REQUIREMENT A total of 58.83 hectare land is present with the co- gen sugar unit. The proposed expansion will be carried out in the existing premise of the co-gen sugar unit. The land required for the proposed expansion is already available with industry. The lay out plan of the co-gen sugar industry along with the existing distillery plant of 300 KLPD is given in Annexure-3. The utilization of land for the present and proposed expanded capacities is given in Table 4.2
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Figure 4.1 Process Flow Chart sugar and distillery

CANE Hot water Bagasse Milling Boilers Melter 65O Brick Raw Melt Juice Heating Filter Reaction Tank Milk of Lime
Scum P2O5 Decolouriser Lime Sucrate Flocculant 'A','B' & R4 Sugar
Mixed
Power
Melt
Juice Heating
Scum Clarifier
Muddy Juice
Clear
Clear Juice
Vacuum Filter
Scum Desweetening
Deep Bed Filter
Filtered Melt Evaporation Filter Cake
R4
Syrup
COMPOSTING
Scum to Muddy Sweet Water
R1 Massecuite
'A' Massecutete
R1 Sugar
R1 Molasses R2 Massecuite
'A' Sugar
A. H. Molasses

'B' Massecuit
'B' Molasses
R2 Sugar
R2 Molasses R3 Massecuite5. 4
'B' Sugar
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Figure-4.2 Flow Chart of Sugar Manufacturing Process

Cane
Hot Water Milling
Bagasse Boiler H.P Steam Power Plant Juice heating Power L.P. Steam
Mixed Juice
Reaction Tank
Milk of Lime
Juice Heater Muddy Juice Clarifier Vacuum Filter
Clear Juice
Filter Cake
Evaporator
Storage Yard
Syrup
A Pan Boiling
A Sugar
AH Molasses
B Sugar
B Molasses
C Sugar
Final Molasses

Storage Tank SUGAR
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TABLE 4.1 Operation Parameters of Co- Gen Sugar Industry A. Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 Cane crushing capacity, TPD (TPH) Sugar production (at 11 % 0n cane), TPD Number of Crushing days/year
Boiler Details, Boiler No.1 Capacity, Steam, T/hr 35 Steam, Kg/cm2 32 Fuel Boiler No.2 Bagasse, T/hr 16.0
OERATION DURING SEASON Parameter 10000 TCD Plant 10000 (420) 1100 270
Capacity
Steam, T/hr
Steam, Kg/cm2
35 32
Fuel Boiler No.3
Bagasse, T/hr 16.0
Capacity
Steam, T/hr
Steam, Kg/cm2
100 67
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64
5 6 7 8 9
Annual cane crushing, T/ yr Annual sugar production, T/ yr Steam generation, TPH Steam to Bagasse ratio, kg/kg Power generation, MW Power consumption, MW, for sugar plant Distillery
Power plant auxiliaries, lighting Total
2700000 297000 180 2.3 31.5

6.0 3.0 2.5 11.5
10
11 12 13 14 15
Power
export
(during T/d
T/yr
season)
20.0
1880 507130
Bagasse utilization as fuel
Bagasse in cane % Bagasse generation (max.)

T/yr
30 T/d
3000 810000 60 16200
Bagasse as Filter aid (at 0.6% on cane), T/d T/yr
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B. Sl. No. 1 2
OPERATION DURING OFF-SEASON Parameter Off-season working days/year

Boiler Details , Boiler No.3 Capacity
75
Steam, T/hr Steam, Kg/cm2

Fuel (Either bagasse or coal) For Bagasse, T/hr 100 67 45.0
3 4 5 6
Steam generation, TPH

Steam to Bagasse ratio, kg/kg
100
2.2
Power generation, MW Power consumption, MW Distillery

Power plant auxiliaries, lighting Total
25.5
3.0 2.5 5.5
7 8
Power export Fuel utilization (Bagasse or Rice husk)

In case of bagasse T/d, T/yr (75 days)
20.0
1090 81818
Table 4.2 Land Utilization Sl. No. 1. Particulars of land utilization Built up Plant facilities including the areas for sugar plant, power Present Plant 8.0 Area, Ha After Expansion 10.0
Distillery unit of 300 KLPD
6.6
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`WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT plant, switch yard, WTP, lime and chemical storage, Cooling tower, administrative office etc) Ash and press mud storage area Storage of bagasse (fuel) Internal roads, parking and lawns Cane yard Green belt Open area and land for future expansion Total land area
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2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
1.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 19.00 24.53 58.83
2.5 3.4 3.4 2.5 13.0 4.00 38.80
5.0 6.00 2.43 20.03
Total land area available in the sugar complex is 58.83 Hectors.
4.3.0 RAW MATERIAL AND PRODUCTS RAW MATERIALS The main raw material required for manufacture of sugar is sugarcane, which is obtained from agricultural source existing in the region of the factory. Chemicals such as lime, phosphoric acid etc. are used in the process for purification of sugarcane juice. Common salt, hydrochloric acid and caustic soda are used in water treatment plant. Lubricating oil and grease are also used as consumable in the industry. The raw material sugar cane is available in adequate quantities in the vicinity of the industry. Chemicals and consumables are locally available in the country. The details of raw materials and products are given in Table-4.3. Sugar is the main product in the industry. However, Bagasse molasses and press mud are also produced as by products in the process. Bagasse is used as fuel in the boiler. The high -pressure steam is used in turbines as a source of power. Other by-products viz., press mud and molasses, which once thought to be waste products, are now advantageously sold to profitable applications. Press mud is used as manure in agriculture. Molasses is used as raw material for manufacture ethanol and other products. The process flow chart indicating material balance for the process for 4000 TCD and 10000 TCD sugar plant is shown in Figure-4.3A and Figure-4.3B respectively. The Material balance chart for 300 KLD distillery unit given in Figure -4.4
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Table 4.3 Raw Material and Products of Co-gen sugar unit

Sl. No. 1 2 Item Raw Material sugar cane Consumables Chemicals Lime (water treatment) Lime (Sugar plant) Caustic soda (100 %) (Water treatment) Hydrochloric acid (30%) (Water treatment) Sodium chloride (100%) Phosphoric acid Flocculants & misc. chemicals
% of cane
100 0.12
T/D
Present T/mth 120000 4.50 144.0 2.0 4.2 1.50 1.20 0.60 3.0 23040 13200 34800 4800 4800
After expansion T/D T/mth 10000 0.38 12.0 0.18 0.35 0.13 0.10 0.05 0.25 1745 1100 2900 400 400 300000 1.14 36.0 5.4 10.5 3.9 3.0 1.50 7.5 52363 33000 87000 10200 10200
4000 0.15 4.8 0.07 0.14 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.1 768 440 1160 160 160
0.001
3 4 5 6
Oil, grease and oil coolant

Fuel Bagasse Product, Sugar By product 11 30 4 4
Bagasse (50 % moisture) Press mud, [75 % moisture] Molasses, [25 % moisture]
Table 4.4 Raw material and products of Distillery Unit
Materials Raw Materials and Chemicals Molasses Urea Antifoam DAP Yeast culture Press mud Products Rectified spirit (RS) Ethanol (out of RS) Fusel oil (by product)
Proposed 300 KLPD plant
1200 T/d 0.5 T/d 0.25 T/d 0.5 T/d 0.15 T/d 712 T/d
300 KLPD 300 KLPD 0.6 T/d
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Figure-4.3A Material Balance with Manufacturing Flow Chart for 4000 TCD Plant
CANE
VAPOUR LOSS 40 4000 IMBINITION WATER 1200 TO FILTER AID 30
BAGASSEE
MILL
SAVED BAGASSE 295 FLASH 40 JUCE 4000 835 AIR
FILTER AID BAGASSE 30
BOILER CLARIFIER
ASH 8.4 45 PRESS MUD 160 WASH WATER 200 LIME 4.8 FLUE GASES 4592
FILTE
PHOSPHORIC ACID 0.04
CLEAR JUCE
4075
40
1440
80
EVAPORATOR PANS
GLAND COOLING WATER 760
3420
HOT WATER TANK

VAPOUR LOSS 95 655 2280
EXCESS CONDENSATE
2280 LIVESTEAM 80
HEAT EXCHANGE
CRYSTALIZER & CENTRIFUGE

114034 Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga EJECTOR
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CONDENSER
MOLASSES 160
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Figure-4.3B Material Balance with Manufacturing Flow Chart for 10000 TCD Plant
CANE
VAPOUR LOSS 100 10000 IMBINITION WATER 3400 BAGASSEE TO FILTER AID 75 SAVED BAGASSE 738 2088 AIR
MILL
JUCE 10000
FILTER AID BAGASSE 75
FLASH 100
BOILER CLARIFIER
ASH 21 112.5 PRESS MUD 320 WASH WATER 500 LIME 12 FLUE GASES 11480
FILTER
PHOSPHORIC ACID 0.1
CLEAR JUCE
10188
100
3600
200
GLAND COOLING WATER
EVAPORATOR PANS
8550
HOT WATER TANK

VAPOUR LOSS 119 1638 5700 5700 LIVESTEAM 200
1900
EXCESS CONDENSATE
HEAT EXCHANGE
CRYSTALIZER & CENTRIFUGE

2850
EJECTOR CONDENSER
MOLASSES 400 2580 DRIFT EVOPORATION WATER LOSS
Figure-4.4 COOLING 1020 Material Balance Chart for 300 KLPD Distillery unit 370
DRIER
BOILER BLOW DOWN PURGE WATER
SUGAR, 1100
Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga Note Figures indicated are in T/d of material
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Molasses Storage Fresh Water + Process Condensate (685+900)
Molasses (1200T)
Dilutor
Yeast + Nutrient (0.5T)

Pre Fermenter
Spent Yeast sludge (0.5T)
Filtrate
Centrifuge
CO2 & vapor loss (235T)

Vapor Condensate (900KL)
Main Fermenter
Analyzer Column
Leen spent wash (1800KL)
Falling Film Evaporator
Rectifier
Spent lees (450KL)
Concentrated Spent Wash (450KL)
Fuel in Incineration Boiler along with supporting fuel
Cooling water
4.4.0 MAN POWER
Molecular Sieve A total of 530 employees including office staff, skilled & unskilled workers and contract
labours are present in the existing plant. Additional 100 employees will be required after the expansion. Labours and supervisory staff are available with in the vicinity of the industry. Senior staff experienced in co-gen sugar industry is available within the state. ETHANOL (300KL) Categorization of employees is given bellow. Sl.No. 1 2 3 4 Employee category Managerial Junior Managerial Supervisory Clerical, Administration Present plant 5 15 20 15 10000 TCD Sugar Plant 12 25 45 60 300 KLPD Distillery Plant 5 6 12 10
&
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5 6 7 8
25 60 35 30 205
50 140 105 40 477
5 5 10 53
The sugar complex will have total man power of 530. The company has a policy of providing residential accommodation on-site for the essential employees. 2.5.0 WATER REQUIREMENT AND ITS SOURCE Sugar cane itself contains water by about 71 % of its own weight. Large quantity of water from sugar cane is recovered by evaporation of sugar juice. The water thus recovered is utilized in the sugar plant. Fresh water is drawn from river Bhima located in the vicinity of the site. The fresh water requirement is 106 m3/d at the present sugar plant capacity of 4000 TCD and it will be about 150 m3/d after expansion of the unit to 10000 TCD. Fresh water 842 m3/d is requirement for the distillery is only for the dilution of molasses, plant washings and domestic applications. The utilization of cooling water and other process needs are met from recycled water from sugar plant and boiler condensate.
4.6.0 STEAM AND POWER GENERATION PLANTS The existing plant consists of two boilers of 35 TPH capacity and two turbine sets (T.Gen-1 and T.Gen.-2). During expansion, a boiler (Boiler-3) and a turbine set (Gen-3) will be added. The specifications of these equipments are given bellow. Two boilers were installed at the start of the industry and is not economical for higher capacity sugar units. This is retained only as a stand-by unit. Boiler-3 is designed to operate on bagasse or coal. In case of non availability of bagasse the boiler-3 is run on coal. Other boilers are designed for operation with Bagasse/biogas. Boiler capacities of are given in Table-4.5. 4.6.1 BOILER CAPACITIES
Boiler No
Table-4.5 Boiler Capacities Steam, (max.) Fuel 2 0C T/hr kg/cm Material

380 380 520 Bagasse/biogas Bagasse Bagasse
T/hr 16.0 16.0 64.0
Present Plant Boiler-1 35 32 Boiler-2 35 32 Addition during Expansion Boiler-3 100 87
4.6.2 POWER GENERATORS The steam from the boiler is admitted to the turbine where the same expands to the exhaust end in the process generating electrical power. The exhaust steam at 1.5 kg/cm2 is used in the process. The Steam turbine capacities are given in Table 4.6.
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`WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT 4.6.3 POWER REQUIREMENT
EIA Report
Power is required to run sugar and power plants and also to meet lighting and maintenance requirement. Power requirement is met by co-gen power generated in the industry. The power generation is more than its need in the industry. The surplus power available from the industry is exported to the public distribution system. The details of power generation and its utilization in the industry during season and off-season periods at the present capacity of 4000 TCD and expanded capacity of 10000 TCD is given Table 4.7. In addition, to meet the emergency requirement of power during power failure, a diesel generator of two numbers of 500 KVA is provided in the industry.
Table-4.6 Steam Turbine Capacities

T/hr kg/cm2 Present Plant T.Gen-1 35 32 T.Gen-2 35 32 Addition during Expansion T.Gen-3 100 87 Generator N0. Inlet Steam C0 380 380 520 Exhaust type Back pressure Back pressure Double extraction Cum Condensing Power, max. MW 3 3 25.5
Table-4.7 Power Generation & Utilization Particulars During Season, MW Power consumption Sugar plant Distillery Power plant & lighting Total Power used Power export Power Generation During Off-Season, MW Power consumption Distillery Power plant & lighting Total Power used Power export Power Generation 4.7.0 PRODUCTS GENERATED FROM THE SUGAR INDUSTRY Waste products generated in the industry are briefed below and their details are given in fore going chapters. i. Waste water Waste water of is generated from the sugar Industry. It is treated to the desired standards and discharge to greenery development and agricultural land. In addition, excess 10000 TCD Plant 6.0 3.0 2.5 11.5 20.0 31.5 3.0 2.5 5.5 20.0 25.5 WASTE
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EIA Report
condensate water, which is of relatively good quality is also discharged to agricultural land. ii. Solid Waste Solid by-products such as bagasse, press mud and molasses are generated as process waste products (byproducts) from the industry. Press mud is supplied to member formers for their used as biomanure and molasses is used in distilleries for its use as raw material in manufacture of ethanol. Bagasse produced from the Industry is used as a fuel in the boilers. Solid wastes such as boiler ash, ETP sludge and lime sludge are also produced from the sugar industry. These are disposed to farmers for their use as soil conditioner in land. iii. Gaseous Emissions Boiler flue gases are the main gaseous emissions from the sugar industry. Boilers are fired with bagasse or coal. SPM and SO2 are the significant pollutants in flue gases. Electrostatic precipitator/bagfilters and chimney of adequate height are incorporated with the boiler to control pollution from the flue gases. iv. Spent Oils Spent lubricating and cooling oils are produced as waste oils from bearings and diesel engine. They are categorized under hazardous wastes. Spent oils are stored in drums and disposed to authorized agencies for reprocessing and reuse. 4.8.0 WASTE PRODUCTS GENERATED FROM DISTILLERY UNIT Waste water, gaseous emissions and solid wastes are generated from the distillery. These products will be suitably treated and disposed with out causing harm to the environment as indicated below. Treatment and Disposal of waste Products
Sl.no. Waste product source 1.0 Waste water 1.1 Spent wash 1.2 2.0 2.1 Other effluents
and Treatment and disposal Concentrated in evaporators and burnt as fuel in an incineration type of boiler Neutralized and settled in guard pond and utilized on land for irrigation of plantation and crops. Passed through Bag filer/ESP for suspended matter and then vented common chimney of adequate height. control of through a
2.2
Gaseous emissions Flue gases from .T/h boilers. Boiler fuels: Bio-mass and Concentrated spent wash Flue gases from 2 Nos of 380 KVA Diesel
The unit is provided with air and noise pollution control measures as per specified standards. It is
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EIA Report
generators 3.0 3.1 3.2
operated only during the failure of power supply from regular source to maintain essential services.
Solid wastes Boiler ash from Boiler ash contains plant nutrienta such as potash T/h boilers. and phosphates. It is sold to farmers for use in agriculture lands. Fermenter sludge The sludge from fermenter contains organic nutrient and micro elements suitable for use in cattle and poultry feed. The sludge is filtered and the cake is dried. The dry sludge is sold for use in cattle and poultry feed.
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`WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT 4.8.1 SOLID WASTES
EIA Report
Yeast sludge is the only solid waste produced in the ethanol plant. It is small in quantity (6 T/d) and contains about 95 % moisture. It contains organic matter and other plant nutrients such as N, P and K. About ..ton of ash obtained from incineration boiler. The ash/sludge is mixed with press mud and then used as agricultural manure in the farmers land.
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`WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT Chapter - 5 5.0.0.0 WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT
EIA Report
Fresh water requirement of the industry is met from Bhima river source. The quality of river water is given Annexure. The consumption of fresh water for the existing unit consisting of 4000 TCD sugar plant and 6 MW power plant is 1550 KLD and the effluent generated is 760 KLD. The effluent is treated in sugar plant ETP and applied on land for agricultural purposes. After expansion the industry will consist of co-gen sugar unit with 10000 TCD sugar plant and 31.5 MW power plant along with 300 KLPD distillery unit. The consumption of water in the proposed plants will be substantially reduced by adoption of various conservation measures including reuse of condensate water, provision of re-boiler, reuse of lees water etc. After expansion the proposed co-gen sugar unit will utilize 626 KLD of fresh water and generate 691 KLD of effluent. In addition the distillery will utilize 1524 KLD of fresh water and generates the 2400 KLD of spent wash and 150 KLD other effluents. Water utilization in the proposed distillery of 300 KLPD is about, 670 m3/d. The water requirement to the distillery is likely to enhance substantially. However, water conservation measures as indicated below will be incorporated in the proposed plant to reduce the requirement fresh water. Provision of re-boiler to the analyzer column. Re cycle of lees water for dilution of substrate in fermenter. Condensate water recovered from spent wash evaporators will be used as cooling water make up. After expansion, fresh water requirement to the distillery will be met from Bhima river. Government of Karnataka has granted permission to draw 2000 m3/d water from river Bhima (Enclosure-9). The water and waste water managements for co-gen sugar and distillery are presented below 5.1.0.0 CO-GEN SUGAR UNIT 5.1.1.0 SOURCE AND UTILIZATION OF WATER i. Recovered Water from Sugar Cane Sugar cane contains about 70% water. Sugar cane is crushed in mills to separate the juice from bagasse). Juice is clarified and the impurities present in it are separated with the filter cake (press mud). Clarified juice is evaporated and the vapours generated are condensed. The vapour condensate is utilized in sugar plant to meet its process water requirement. Fresh water requirement in the industry is therefore considerably reduced.
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EIA Report
The quantitative details of water present in cane and its distribution (utilization) in the system is given bellow. Water in cane Water loss with bagasse Imbibition water added Water vapour loss at mill Water in raw juice Filter wash water added Lime water added Water added with filter aid Water vapour loss at clarifier Water in clear juice Water loss with press mud Medium pressure steam in to syrup Water loss with molasses Water vapour loss at crystalizer & centrifuge Water evaporated from juice and recovered as vapour condensate 70 % on cane 15 % on cane 30 % on cane 1 % on cane 84.0 % on cane 5 % on cane 0.7 % on cane 0.4 % on cane 1 % on cane 89.1% on cane 3 % on cane 2.24 % on cane 1 % on cane 2.64 % on cane 84.7 % on cane
The water present in cane juice is vaporized in evaporators and pans. At 84.7 % on cane, for the sugar unit of 10000 TCD the water evaporated in the process amounts to 8470 m3/d. The vapours generated from evaporators and pans are condensed in evaporator jackets, pan jackets and juice heaters. The condensate water thus generated is collected and utilized to meet the process water requirement in the plant such as imbibitions in mill, washing in vacuum filter, pump gland cooling, etc. Excess condensate will be let out on land for irrigation. The quality of excess condensate water is given in Table-5.1. Table 5.1 Characteristics of Excess Condensate Water Parameters Temperature 0c Ph Dissolved solids , ppm Suspended solids, ppm BOD, ppm COD, ppm Oil, ppm Value 42 7.0 360 60 20 28 Nil
The water vapours generated from last bodies of evaporator and pans are condensed in sugar plant circulating cooling water (barometric condensers). The condensate water collected in barometric condenser is utilized as make up of cooling water. Excess water from the cooling plant will be drained out as purge water. The utilization of condensate water in the process is indicated in Table-5.2. Table-5.2 Utilization of Condensate Water, (m3/d) : 3000 : : : 70 500 100
Imbibition (30 % on cane) Lime preparation Vacuum filter wash (5 % on cane) Pump gland cooling (4 % on cane)
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`WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT Make up for sugar plant cooling tower Excess condensate to turbine cooling tower Excess condensate to ETP Total : : : 2260 : 8470 112
EIA Report 2428
ii. Fresh Water from River Source

Fresh water is required in the co-gen plant for boiler feed and condenser cooling water make up and in the sugar plant for process application, domestic use, and gardening. The quantity of water required by the industry will be drawn from the river and pumped to the site. The raw water will be is stored in the reservoir located at the highest level of the project site. The quality of water from river Bhima is given in Table-5.3. Table 5.3 Quality of River Bhima Water (All parameter except pH and turbidity are in mg / litre) Parameter pH Electrical Conductivity (Micro mho / cm) Turbidity in NTU Alkalinity (as Ca Co3) Dissolved Oxygen COD Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen Total Hardness as CaCO3 Total Suspended Solids Total dissolved Solids Chlorides (as Cl) Sulphates (as SO4) Calcium (as Ca) Magnesium (Mg) Sodium (as Na) iii. Water Treatment The water has to be treated in a suitable water treatment plant. The extent of water treatment required for different applications is given below. Boiler feed Cooling water Domestic use Gardening Process in sugar plant & distillery : De-mineralized water : Soft water : Clarified, filtered and chlorinated : Raw water : Soft water Value 7.4 166 10 31 6.7 8 2.6 62 22 111 35 11 16 6 21
Raw water from Bhima River is pumped to the main water reservoir of 20000 m3 capacity. The reservoir is a rectangular tank constructed of stone masonry/RCC. The tank is divided in to three compartments by internal partition walls. The bottom flooring of each compartment is V shaped with central discharge gutter running along the length of the compartment for easy drainage of accumulated sludge. During rainy days the tank also serves the purpose of settling and clarification of the turbid water.
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EIA Report
The water from reservoirs is pumped to chemical mixer and then to mechanical clariflocculator. The clarified water is collected in a clarified water treatment plant for further treatment. The clarified water is passed through pressure filter and then water softening plant. The soft water is collected in soft water storage tank for use in cooling water make up and sugars plant and distillery applications. Part of the filter plant outlet water is directly taken to demineralised plant for use in boiler feed water makeup. Water requirement for domestic use is drawn from filter plant outlet and collected in an overhead water storage tank. Chemicals such as lime, sodium carbonate, caustic soda, bleaching powder, flocculants and hydrochloric acids are used in water treatment plant.
iv. Water Balance

The major demand of process water in sugar plant is met by recovered vapour condensate. The requirement of fresh water for different applications in the sugar industry is given in Table 5.4. The water balance statement for sugar industry is given in Table 5.5. The flow chart of manufacturing process with water balance is given in Figure 5.1. Table 5.4 Fresh Water Requirement for the Co-gen Sugar Unit, m3/d Boiler water make up (5% of boiler capacity) Water treatment plant regeneration Laboratory Floor and equipment washing Cooling water makeup for mill & turbine bearings : Total factory Domestic Factory (530 persons at 50 lit/d) Quarters,120 Nos. (600 persons at 130 lit/d per head) Total 78 626 27 50 521 : 105 : 409 : : : 24 2 36
Figure 5.1Flow Chart of Water Balance for Co-gen Sugar Unit
RAW WATER 626
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
WTP WASH, - 24 LABORATORY WASTE WATER - 2 LABORATORY PLANT 1ST FLOOR WASHING - 36 PLANT WASH PURGE WATER - 10
CANE
7000
36
VAPOUR LOSS 100 50

1500
MILL & TURBINE COOLING 822
Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga MILL

8400 IMBIBITION 3000
DRIFT & EVOP. LOSS, 40
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Excess condensate from plant DRIFT & EVAP.LOSS, 722
EIA Report
Table-5.5 Water Balance for Co-gen Sugar Unit 1. WATER IN TO SYSTEM, m3/d A. Fresh water i. Domestic use in factory ii. Laboratory iii. Plant and floor washing iv. Water treatment plant regeneration v. Boiler water makeup (8 % on steam) vi. Make up water for mill & turbine Cooling water (1.66 of 300m3/hr) B. Water from sugar cane (10000 X 0.70 = 3500) : : : : : : : : 626 105 2 36 24 409 50 7000
2. WATER OUT OF SYSTEM, m3/d 1. 2.
Total :
7626
: : : 100 95 484
Domestic effluent (90% of water used) Factory effluent Laboratory waste water Pump gland cooling water
5. 24
`WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT Plant & floor washing Purge from mill & turbine cooling water WTP generation wash Purge from cooling water of ejector condensers Excess vapour condensate to distillery plant as cooling water make up Water loss with bagasse Water loss with press mud & molasses Vapour losses to Atmosphere : : : : : : : : 36 10 24 312
EIA Report
C. D. E. F.
1535 310 3747 1460
i. Vapour & drift loss from cooling water mill and turbine Bearing (1.66% of 300 m3/hr): 50 ii. Vapour & drift loss from the cooling water of ejector condenser (1.92% of 5000 m3/hr)2301 iii. Steam losses at traps & vent (at 2.4% on steam production) : IV. Domestic water loss during utilization : v. vapour loss at crystallization & centrifugation : vi. Flash vapour loss at clarifier : vii. Vapour loss at mill viii. Vapour & drift loss from turbine cooling water : 822 (1.5% of 10000 m3/hr) Total 5.1.2.0 SOURCE OF WASTE WATER
100 10 264 100 :
100
7626
The Wastewater generated in sugar factory is relatively less toxic and less hazardous. Further the sugar processing does not involve any process water discharges. The wastewater generated is mainly due to washing of floors and equipments in addition to boiler and cooling water purge. The waster water generated can therefore be substantially reduced by good house keeping. The details of source and quantity of wastewater from sugar factory are enumerated below. i. Spillage, Leakage & Floor Washings In a sugar factory wastewater of high contamination is generated mainly due to leakage and spillage of juice, syrup and molasses in different sections of the manufacturing plant. Leakage occurs at pipe joints and pump glands. Spillage and splashing occur at different equipments. The periodical washing of floor also contributes significant pollution load to the wastewater. Cleaning of equipments such as evaporators, pans, juice heaters etc, also produces wastewater. Though, these wastes are small in quantity but contain high BOD and low pH. Good housekeeping, effective maintenance and efficient plant operation can considerably reduce the generation of this wastewater. Spillage and washings can be collected in small sumps constructed at such locations and these can be recycled to the process. If planned well the generation of such wastewater can be totally avoided. However at present the wastewater does generate. The effluent from mill plant contains fibres, grease and oil. The effluent from lime preparation and clarifier house contains high suspended solids.
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EIA Report
Quantity of effluent due to spillage, leakage, floor, and equipment: 36 m3/d ii. Boiler Blowdown Steam generation from boiler is 170 T/hr. Major part of the steam produced is condensed in evaporators, pans and juice heaters and the condensate collected is re-circulated as feed water in to the boiler. A small quantity live steam is also used in centrifuge, ejector and crystallizers. D.M. water with low dissolved solids (less than 15 ppm) is used as make up feed water in the boiler. Auxiliary chemicals such as caustic and phosphate are added to the feed water to prevent scale, corrosion and carry over in the boiler. As the evaporation continues, concentration of dissolved solids in boiler increases. Therefore, solids present in boiler continue to build up. Boiler blow down of about 24 % of the feed water is therefore maintained to control the concentration of dissolved solids in the boiler water. The boiler blow down contains a maximum of 200 ppm dissolved solids and 5 ppm of hardness. The BOD and COD content in boiler blow down is almost nil. The blow down allowed in the boiler is about 66 m3/d.The quality of boiler blow down is relatively of better quality and it may be advantageously added to the circulating cooling water channel. The utilization of boiler water in m3/d is given below. Steam generation Steam loss at traps and vents at 2.5% on evaporation Live stem used at centrifuge at 2.2 % on cane Boiler blow down 2 % on evaporation Boiler feed make up water iii. Laboratory Waste Water Waste water is generated in the laboratory due to washing and rinsing of apparatus. The chemicals and juice samples used in the laboratory are ultimately let out to drain along with water as wastewater. The effluent is small in quantity and moderately contaminated. Recycle of juice samples and chemicals to factory process will control the quantity and quality of wastewater from the laboratory. Laboratory waste water : 2 m3 / d : : : 4080 : 224 85 : 409 100
iv. Domestic Waste Water Domestic waste water is generated from factory and from residential quarters. A total of 524 persons are working in the industry. A total of 120 residential quarters are provided in the industry and an average of 5 persons are expected to be residing in each quarter. Fresh water is utilized for domestic needs in the factory at a rate of 50 lit/d per head. Fresh water consumed and waste water generated due to domestic usage of water is given bellow:
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EIA Report
Domestic water usage in the factory (at 50 lit/d per head for 524 persons) Domestic water usage in quarters (at 130 lit/d per head for 600 persons) Total Domestic water usage Domestic waste water from factory (at 90 % of the water utilized) Domestic waste water from residential quarters : (at 90 % of the water utilized) Total domestic waste water v. Purge from Barometric Condenser :
26 m3/d
79 m3/d
105 m3/d
25 m3/d
70 m3/d
95 m3/d
The vapours from last effect evaporator and pan boiling are passed through steam ejector and then sent to barometric condenser, wherein circulating cooling water at the rate of about 2500 m3/hr is used to scrub, condense and cool the vapors. The total quantity of vapour condensate added in to the circulation water is 3671 m3/d. 2301 m3/d of the circulation water is lost as vapour and drift losses in cooling tower. In case of overloading of pan and evaporators the vapours may become contaminated due to entrainment. This circulation water is relatively more contaminated as compared to that of boiler blow down and turbine cooling water purge. The quality of circulation water is improved by its dilution with 85 m3/d boiler blow down and 100 m3/d turbine cooling water purge. Excess water of about 312 m3/d from cooling tower channel is drained out as purge. Circulation cooling water Vapour condensate added Boiler blow down added Turbine cooling water purge added Drift & evaporaton loss Purge water vi. Purge from Mill Cooling Water Large quantity of water is circulated for cooling of mill and turbine bearings. It is necessary to purge some of the cooling water to maintain its quality. Evaporation and drift loss in this case small. Fresh water is used as make up water to compensate the purge and also the vapour and drift losses. Cooling water circulation rate, m3/hr Evaporation and drift losses (200 X 2.25 %X 24) Make up cooling water, m3/d : : : 100 200 m3/d 80 m3/d ; : : : : : 312 2500 m3/d 2260 85 100 2301
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EIA Report
Purge water from cooling tower, m3/d vii. Purge from Turbine Cooling Water
20
Large quantity of water is circulated through turbine surface condenser for condensation of exhaust steam. Cooling water purge of this system is of relatively good quality, it is sent to sugar plant cooling water system. Fresh water is used as make up water to compensate the purge and also the vapour and drift losses. Cooling water circulation rate, : 6000 m3/hr
Evaporation and drift losses (6000 X 1.5 %X 24) : 2160 m3/d Make up cooling water, m3/d Purge water from cooling tower, m3/d : 2260 : 100
viii. Cooling Water from Glands 100 m3/d of vapour condensate collected from evaporators water is circulated through pump glands and centrifuge glands etc. for the purpose of cooling, lubrication and water seal. The vapour condensate is cooled before being used. This water is can also be totally re-circulated. However, in practice this water is drained out due to its likely contamination with pumping liquid such as juice and molasses. drained to gutters. ix. Water Treatment Plant Washings Water treatment plant consists of clarifier, filter, softening and de-minerazation plants. A total of 24 m3/d of fresh is required for regeneration of these units. Chemicals such as lime, sodium chloride, hydrochloric acid and caustic soda are used in regeneration. The wash water obtained from regeneration contains high dissolved solids but is almost free from BOD. 24 m3/d of this wash water is drained to gutter. This water may be utilized for quenching of boiler ash. x. Cleaning Day Washings Evaporators, juice heaters, pans etc. are cleaned once in 50-60 days for removal of scale. Chemicals such as caustic soda, Sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid are used for scale removal. Washings generated during cleaning operation is about 400 m3. It is highly alkaline and contains heavy BOD load. If added directly to effluent treatment plant the wastewater gives a shock load, and disturbs its process. Cleaning day wastewater is 112 m3/d of this cooling water is
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EIA Report
therefore collected and stored separately in a cleaning day effluent storage tank. Daily about 20 m3 of this wastewater is drawn from the storage tank and then mixed with other factory effluent in the neutraliser cum hold up tank. Cleaning day waste water: 20 m3/d. 5.1.3.0 ISOLATION AND SEGREGATION OF WASTE WATER Waste water with significant pollution load is generated at various sources including mill house, boiling house and clarifier house in the factory. These are mixed together in to stream-A. In addition, the domestic wastewater of 95 m3/d is generated from factory and residential quarters. These are collected separately in respective septic tanks. Septic tank overflows are mixed together in to stream-B. The quantities of waste water generated from the sugar factory is summarised in Table-5.6. Table-5.6 Wastewater Generated from the Sugar Industry, m3/d Stream A i. : Process effluent, (High BOD effluent) Leakage, spillage & washings from floor and equipment in the factory ii. Gland cooling water iii. Laboratory waste water iv. Cleaning day effluent v. Purge from ejector condenser vi. Purge from mill cooling water vii. Regeneration waste water from WTP Total process Effluent Stream B: Domestic effluent, (m3/d) : Total of A and B Stream C: Distillery waste water The lean waste water of 150 m3/d generated from the associated distillery unit will also be treated in the effluent treatment plant of co-gen sugar unit. Hence the total quantity of waste water to be treated will be 593 m3/d. : : : : : : 348 95 443 : 2 20 156 10 24 100 : 36
5.1.4.0 CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTE WATER The wastewater from sugar industry is relatively non-toxic and non-hazardous in nature. In plant measures are adopted in the factory as enumerated elsewhere to reduce the quantity and contamination of wastewater. Oil taps are provided in the mill house to minimise the contamination of oil & grease in the wastewater. Small sumps are provided
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EIA Report
at suitable location in the factory to receive the leakages, juice and syrup, which may be present at pumps and near some process equipment. The leakage of juice and syrup thus collected is recycled to process. Floor cleaning is done by dry baggage to minimise the quantity of wastewater. Further hot condensates obtained from evaporators are recycled to the process to meet the requirement of Imbibition etc. in the process, and also to meet the makeup water requirement for cooling tower. Waste from domestic source is received in septic tanks. It has low dissolved solids and moderate BOD. The overflow from septic tank is sent to effluent treatment plant. The wastewaters generated at various sources in the sugar factory are segregated in to three streams based on their pollution load and the convenience of their subsequent treatment and disposal. The characteristics of wastewater of different streams are given in Table-5.7. Table 5.7 The Characteristics Of Waste Water (10000 TCD Plant) PARAMETERS Flow rate, m3/d Temperature 0c pH Dissolved solids , ppm Suspended solids, ppm BOD , ppm COD , ppm Oil, , ppm Process source A 348 38 5.5 2270 248 2040 3150 64 Domestic Source B 95 32 7.2 640 186 330 482 20 Distillery source C 150 32 6.8 760 200 420 700 20 Source A+B+C 543 36 5.5 1583 234 1308 2035 40
The effluent treatment plant is designed for about 20 % higher quantity of effluent. The influent data of combined wastewater assumed for design is given below. i. Influent Qualities of Combined Waste Water Sugar factory crushing capacity Effluent flow rate: Hourly maximum : : 10000 TCD 60 m3/d
Daily maximum m3/d

Temperature : 30-400 C
1000
pH
T.D.S S.S B.O.D C.O.D Oil : : : : :
5.5
1583 ppm 234 ppm 2035 ppm 40 ppm
1308 ppm
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EIA Report
ii. Quality Of Treated Waste Water The treated effluent shall be discharged to agricultural land for irrigation prescribed standards to be achieved for treated effluent is given below. Temperature pH T.D.S S.S B.O.D C.O.D OIL 5.1.5.0 TREATMENT PROCEDURE : : 30 to .35 0C : 7.0-7.8 less than 2000 PPM : less than 100 PPM : less than 100 PPM : less than 250 PPM : less than 5 PPM
The mill plant effluent contains oil and fibre in large concentration. This effluent is therefore subjected to de-skimming operation in mill plant itself to free it from oil and fibre, and then mixed with other factory effluents. The combined effluents are treated in preliminary and secondary treatment as described below. The flow diagram of effluent treatment plant is given in Figure-4.1. The excess vapour condensate which is let out from the plant is collected separately in a storage tank. This is of relatively good quality and is suitable for irrigation. It is tested for quality and then let out for gardening in factory premises or to agriculture land for irrigation.
i. Preliminary Treatment Combined effluent is in a common drainage is lead to the effluent treatment premise. It is passed through bar screen, grit chamber and oil separator and then received in a neutraliser cum equalization tank of about 20 min hold up capacity. Alkali is added into the neutraliser to raise the effluent pH to about 7.5-8.0 and also to precipitate some of the dissolved solids. The neutralised effluent is passed through the primary clarifier of 2.5 to 3.0 hr detention period. The sludge collected at the bottom is pumped to sludge drying bed for dewatering. The clear overflow from the clarifier is passed to biological treatment plant for further treatment. 70 % of suspended solids, 20 % of BOD and 30 % of dissolved solids present in effluent are expected to be removed in preliminary treatment. However as a conservative design, this reduction has not been considered while designed the secondary treatment. ii. Secondary Treatment This consists of the two stage activated sludge process. Each stage consists of the aeration tank with fixed surface aerators and secondary clarifiers. The effluents containing suspended biomass are clarified in respective secondary clarifiers. Biomass settled at the clarifiers is recycled to aeration process to maintain the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) in aeration tank at the desired level. The excess bio-mass
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EIA Report
(sludge) from secondary clarifier is passed to sludge drying beds. The clear effluent from last clarifier is collected in a sump of about 8 hours capacity and then let out to agricultural land for irrigation.
5.1.6.0 SPECIFICATION OF EFFLUENT TREATMENT UNITS The specification of the ETP is presented below. i. Main Gutter or Combined Effluent
Main gutter is constructed of stone/brick masonry with the following sizes. It is covered with 75 mm thick R.C.C or stone slabs.
Flow rate Velocity Gradient Width Height ii. Screen : 60 m3/h : 0.6 m/s : 1:200 0.30m 0.40m
: :
Coarse screen of 25 mm gap followed by the screen of 10 mm gap is provided in the main gutter. Velocity through screen is 0.3 m/s at average flow and 0.6 m/s at peak load. Head loss through screen at maximum flow is 0.15m, the floating entrapped on the screen are removed manually.
The bar screen are fabricated with 6mm x 25 mm flats. The flats are suitably supported on 10mm x 10mm cross bars. The bar screen is located at 300 inclination to the flow direction. Screen size: 0.6 m x 0.8 m Screen chamber size: 0.6 m X 1.2 m X 0.55m
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EIA Report L.T. Power Supply Lab Operator House Sludge Sludge Secondary Sludge Pit Sludge Drying Bed Nutrient Sludge Treated Effluent
Oil and fibrous separator in Mill House
Effluent from Sugar Plant
Hot water-cooling plant adjacent to sugar plant
Primary Sludge Pit Screen and V-Notch Sludge Oil Separator
* * *
Aeration Tank (2 stages) Primary clarifier Secondary Clarifier Sump
Excess Condensate Water
Cleaning Day Wash Tank
Neutralize Lime To Irrigation
Figure-5.2 Flow Diagram of Effluent Treatment Plant
Potable
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REIA Report
iii. Oil separator (Oil and grease trap)

An oil separation tank of sufficient size is provided close to the screen chamber. Floating scum consisting of oil, grease, fibre matter is periodically skimmed off. These tanks are provide in duplicate with a common wall in between. Gates are provided on either side of each tank for is independent operation. Tank size (each) Detention period : : 4.0 m x 1 5 m x 1.5 m 15 min
iv. Neutraliser/sump
Sump is constructed of stone/brick masonry. It is provided with mechanical agitator. The neutralised effluent is pumped to aeration tank. The tank is also used as equaliser tank to take care of shock loads in the plant. Sump size Free board Retention period Capacity v. Lime preparation tank It is a R.C.C. rectangular tank with hopper bottom. The tank is provided with mechanical agitator. Tank size at top Straight height Hoper height : subsequent feed to the neutraliser. : : 0.6m 1.2 x 1.2 m 1.0 m : : : : L : 3 m , B : 3m, D = 3m. 0.6m 20 min 20 m3
An additional tank of 800 lit. Capacity is also provided to store the solution for
vi. Nutrient and Culture vessels: Plastic vessels are provided to prepare and store nutrients and culture arrangements. Vessel capacity : 400 Litres each solution. The
solution is fed along with influent to the aeration tank. The tanks are provided with dosing
vii. Primary Clarifier:

It is a circular type mechanical clarifier with central feed and peripheral discharge arrangement. It is provided with continuous sludge removal facilities, and is constructed of R.C.C structure. Flow rate, max. : 1000 m3/d
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Diameter of tank
Straight height Bottom gradient Effective volume Detention period Outlet S. S : : : : :
:
2.5 m 1:12 72 m3 3.0 h less than 60 ppm
8m
Influent BOD
Outlet BOD :
1308 ppm
less than 1046 ppm
viii. Aeration tank 1

The aeration tank is rectangular in section. It is constructed of stone masonry and R.C.C. structure. Aeration tank is provided with 2 nos. mechanical surface aerators, each of 15 HP capacity. Aerators are supported on R.C.C platform. The sludge from secondary clarifier is recycled to the aeration tank Flow rate of Influent : 1000 m3/d
Influent BOD
Total BOD load Food to MLSS ratio : MLSS Detention period Sludge return : BOD reduction Out let BOD : Total oxygen required Oxygenation capacity of surface aerators Hp of surface aerators Size of tank Free board Effective vol. of tank
1046 ppm
: 1046 kg/d 0.23 kg BOD/ kg MLSS /day : 3500 ppm : 31 hr 50 % : 80% less than 200 ppm : 1700 kg/d : 1.50 kg O2 / (hp .hr) : 20 Hp (3 nos.) : 36 m x 12 m x 3.6 m : 0.6 m : 1296 m3
The mixing capacity of surface aerators is sufficient to keep the sludge in suspension
ix. Secondary Clarifier-1 It is circular type mechanical clarifier with central feed and peripheral constructed of R.C.C structure. Flow rate Sludge return Diameter of tank (I.D) Straight ht Bottom gradient Effective vol. Effluent S.S Detention period : : 1000 m3/h 50 % : 8m : 2.5 m : 1.12 125 m3 less than 50 ppm : 2.0 hr discharge
arrangement. It is also provided with continues sludge discharge facilities. It is
: :
x.
Sludge drying beds :
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The tank are constructed of stone masonary and they are filled with graded sand and pebbles to a height of 0.6m Size of sludge bed Free board Drying cycles Capacity of each bed : : : 5m x 4m x 1.5m, 6 Nos . : 0.3m 10 days 8.0m3
xi. Aeration Tank 2

It is rectangular tank constructed of stone masonry and tank interior is suitably plastered. The tank is provided with 1no. Surface aerator of 15 H.P. capacity. The aerators are supported on R.C.C. platform. The sludge from secondary clarifier- 2 is recycled to the aeration tank to maintain the desired M.L.S.S. Influent flow rate Influent BOD Total BOD load Food to MLSS ratio MLSS Detention period Sludge return BOD reduction Out let BOD Total oxygen required Oxygenation capacity of Surface aerators H.P of surface aerator Size of tank Free board Effective volume of tank : : : : : 1000 m3/d 200 ppm : 200 kg/d 0.10 kg.BOD/(d,kg. MLSS) : 2500 ppm : 20 h 50 % : 70% less than 80 ppm : 200 kg : 1.20 kg/ (hp.hr)
: 10 (3 No.) : 8 m x 24 m x 3.6 m : 0.6 m : 776 m3
The mixing capacity of the surface aerators is sufficient to keep the MLSS in suspension.
xii. Secondary Clarifier 2

It is circular type mechanical clarifier with central feed and peripheral discharge arrangement. It is provided with continuous sludge facilities and is constructing of R.C.C. structure. Flow rate Sludge recirculation Diameter of tank Straight height Bottom gradient Effective volume Influent .S.S Sludge concentration Outlet. S.S . Detention period xiii. Pumps Pumps are of C.I, non-clogging type with self priming arrangement : : : : : : : : : : 1000 m3/h 50 % 8 m, 2.5 m 1:12 125 m3 2500 ppm 10.000 ppm less than 60 ppm 2.5 h
i.
Effluent Pump
Flow rate : 60 m3
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WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT Head S.S . in efficient Density Nos. Of pumps : : : : : :
REIA Report Suction 5m Discharge :10 m 1000 PPM 1.01 gm/ml 2
ii.
Sludge pump
Flow rate Head S.S . in efficient Density 40 m3 /h (3 Nos.) 10 m3 /h (1 Nos.) Suction :5m Discharge : 10 m : 10,000 PPM : 1.1 gm/ml
xiv. Flow Meter Weir and float type of flow measuring device with dial type flow indicator is provided to indicate the flow rate of treated effluent in the gutter. xv. Sampler A rotating cup type sampler device is provided to collect the composite sample from the gutter carrying effluent. xvi. Treated Effluent Sump The tank is rectangular in section and constructed of SSM work. The tank interior is plastered and smooth finished. The tank is provided inlet and outlet chambers. Flow rate Tank size Free board Detention period xvii. Cleaning Day Sump The tank is constructed of R.C.C or SSM work. The tank interior is plastered with cement mortar. Capacity Tank size Free board : : : 400m3 12m x 12m x 4.0 1.0 m : : : : 1000 m3/d 4m x 4m x 3.6 m 0.6 m 1 hr.
5.2.0 WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT IN DISTILLERY UNIT 5.2.1 SOURCE AND UTILIZATION OF WATER
Fresh water requirement for the ethanol plant is met from the associated c sugar unit. The latter has permission to draw raw water from Bhima river source (Enclosure-). The water consumption in the industry is minimized by adoption of various conservation measures including reduce, reuse and re-cycle. The requirement of fresh water for the distillery unit is about 1524 m3/d. Cooling water requirement and other process needs are met from
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recycled water. Fresh water is required only for dilution of molasses, plant washings, and domestic applications. The utilization of fresh water in the plant is given in Table-5.8. The water balance for the distillery unit is given in Table-5.10. Table-5.8 Utilization of fresh Water for Distillery Application
Dilution of molasses Fresh water to ENA plant Total water utilized m3/d
nil 325 325
5.2.2 SOURCE AND QUANTITY OF WASTE WATER

The quantity of waste water generated in the plant is substantially reduced by adoption of various water conservation measures as explained earlier. The quantity of waste water generated from different sources for the proposed distillery unit is given in Table-5.9.
Table 5.9 Waste Water from Distillery Unit

m3/d 450 150 25 175
Source Spent Wash Other Effluents Cooling tower purge Domesti
Total Waste Water
Water Balance for Proposed 300 KLD Plant Water Input, m3/d
1 From Molasses ( 1200 MTD *20%) For Fermentation For Pump gland cooling 240 2650 360 4. 5. For Dilution of Spirit For Cooling Tower Make up 4000m3/hr Circulation rate Evaporation @ 1.6% 300 * 1535 Evaporation loss Spent lees * * Used for Fermentation Dilution Spent wash Purge from Cooling tower Pump gland cooling,
Water out Put, m3/d

Drift and Evaporation loss 1800 150 35 1210 450
2. 3.
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In season Sugar plant condensate will be used. In off Season Fresh water will be used. For Domestic Use
25 *
Spent wash Condensate * * Used for Fermentation Dilution Domestic use. Sent to ETP of Sugar plant
1440 25
Total Note:
5110 * = Net fresh water required during season is 325 m3/day ** = Fresh water requirement during off-season is 1860 m3/day
5110
Figure -5.3 Process Flow Chart with Material Balance for Distillery
325 Fresh water To Process
Molasses 1200
555
MOLASSES DILUTER
3285 275 (CO2 & other gases) + 47 (H2O) Yeast Culture & Nutrients 540
Dilution of molasses
FERMENTER
4592
35 Yeast Sludge
1440
540
H2O vapor, 30
YEAST SLUDGE SEPARATER

4052
CONDENSER
Condensate water 1530
ANALYZER COLUMN
Spent Wash 2118 (1980KL) 615
Condensate water 1950 Vapor & Drift loss 1800
EVAOPARATOR
506
R.S. COLUMN
Cooling Tower
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Spent Wash Concentrate, 450 KL Lees water 910 Fresh Water ENA 300 240 Vapour & gaseous loss 3200 m /hr Process cooling units
3
COLUMN Incineration boiler
Cooling water purge 150
ENA, 240 5.2.3 CHARACTERISTICS WASTE WATER
Condensate for Reuse
Molasses which is used as a main raw material in distillery contains large quantity of inorganic salts and non fermentable organic matter as impurities. Major portion of these impurities will end up in spent wash. Traces of these impurities are also present in lees water and washings. Effluents generated from different sources of the distillery will be segregated in to following three streams for the convenience of treatment and disposal. Stream-A: Spent wash concentrate from 300 KLD distillation plant. Spent wash from the proposed 300 KLD plant is highly concentrated. It contains about 13 -15 % solids . The spent wash is concentrated in multi-effect evaporator and incinerated in a boiler.The flow chart of treatment and disposal effluent from the distillery is given in Figure 5.3. The characteristics of the same are given Table- 5.11 Table -5.11 Characteristics of Spent wash Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 pH Total solids, mg/l Volatile acids Ash, mg/l BOD, mg/l COD, mg/l Total nitrogen as N, mg/l Potassium as K2O, mg/l Sodium as Na, , mg/l Phosphorus as P2O5, mg/l Sulphate as SO4, mg/l Chloride as Cl , mg/l Parameter Raw spent wash 4.0 4.5 115600 125400 76900-82800 21200 24500 51800 - 62100 115800 129100 4490 4940 9480 10600 240 280 990 1120 2810 - 3145 5700 - 6070
All values except pH are in mg / litre.
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5.2.4 TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATER

The spent wash (2400m3/d) is highly contaminated with organic matter and inorganic salts. Treatment and disposal of spent wash by conventional process is highly involved. The quality and quality of spent wash generated is more critical for molasses based distillery units. Hence spent wash treatment and disposal is worked for molasses based unit. The waste water generated from the distillery is segregated into different streams. The lean quality wastewaters consisting of washings, lees water and cooling water purge are relatively less contaminated. They are therefore mixed together, and the combined effluent (150 m3/d) will be treated in the effluent treatment plant (ETP) of the co-gen sugar unit. The effluent treatment plant has adequate surplus capacity to treat the above effluent. The treated effluent will be disposed on land for irrigation. The lees water discharged from ethanol plant (750m3/d) is re-circulated in dilution of molasses in distillery unit. Figure-5.4 Flow Chart for Treatment and Disposal of Effluents (For 300 KLPD Distillery Unit)
Condensate To Boiler H2O Vapor Loss, 70 T/d
Steam
Cooling Water
Effluent
Spent Wash from 300 KLPD Distillery Unit 2470 T/d [2400 KL/d]
Multi Effluent Evaporator
2220 T/d
Condenser Vapor 356 T/d
Lime Spent Wash Concentrate (450 KL/d)
Flue Gases
Condensate Water for Reuse in plant 1530 T/d
CONCENTRATION CUM INCINERATION OF SPENT WASH as soil nutrient Ash for use The spent wash generated from the distillery plant will be concentrated in multi-effect evaporation (MEE) plant and then burnt as fuel in the incineration boiler. The flow chart of evaporation cum incineration process is given in Figure- 5.2. In the proposed distillery unit 300 KLPD capacity generating 2400 m3/d of spent wash. The distillery units are separately connected to the individual MEE plants and boilers. Thus there will be two sets of identical MEE plants and boilers. 5.5.1 MULTI EFFECT EVAPORATOR
Incineration Boiler
42.8T/d
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MEE plant is operated with primary steam obtained as back pressure steam from the turbine. It works under multi pressure and vacuum system. Spent wash is concentrated from 12 % to 55 %. The performance of evaporated is given in Table-5.12 Table 5.12 The performance of Evaporator Sl. No. 1 Parameter Type of Evaporator Data Multi effect evaporator with four operating and one stand by effects. Each effect consists of shell & tube heat exchanger with flash mixer. 2X906 T/d (2X2400 KLPD) 2X200 T/d (2X161 KLPD) 2X706 T/d 2X168 T/d (2X7 T/hr) at 3.0 kg/cm2 pressure 2X400 KL/hr 2X0.15 MW 120 0C & 1.0 kg/cm2. 75 0C & - 0.40 kg/cm2. Solids : 55 % GCV : 1600 kcal/kg P2O5 : 0.6 % K2O : 5.6 % N :0.80% S : 0.41 % Ash :10.7 %
2 3 4 5 6 7 8.
Spent wash at in let with 12 % solids and 1.03 T/m3 density Concentrated spent wash with 55 % solids and 1.24 T/m3 density Total water evaporated Steam requirement for evaporation Cooling water requirement Power requirement Vacuum system Operating temp. and pr. First body Last body Characteristics of CSW
5.5.2 INCINERATION BOILER Spent wash concentrate (SWC) is rich in organic matter with a gross calorific value of 1600 kcal/kg. It is used as fuel in an incineration type of boiler. Subsidiary fuel such as rice husk or wood chips are used along with SWC in the boiler to produce required quantity of steam for use in the industry. High pressure steam from the boiler is fed to back pressure turbine to generate electric power for captive use in the industry and also for export. The exhaust steam from the boiler will be utilized in distillery and evaporation plant. Operating parameters of the incineration boiler are given in Table-5.13. The details of generation and utilization steam and power are given in Table-5.14. incineration boiler has the following features. The proposed
SALIENT FEATURES OF THE INCINERATION BOILER i. The construction of the boiler is such that the fouling potential is minimised through multi pass design. ii. The boiler is designed such that it is easily maintainable.
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iii. The convective section of the boiler (consisting of Economiser, Super heater and Evaporator) are of vertical tubes. iv. The total assembly is of Gas tight construction. v. A Steam Coil Air Pre-heater is provided to preheat combustion air. This is required to maintain the bed from quenching. vi. Deep Fluidized bed construction to improve combustion efficiency. vii. Fluidised bed combustor ensures complete combustion. viii. Special On-line cleaning devices of mechanical rapper type are provided. ix. De-superheated used is of Fixed nozzle type. x. De-aerated water storage tank has storage of 20 minutes of steam generation from NWL to Low Level Alarm of storage tank. xi. HP dosing line from Dosing system to Steam drum is of SS-304.
Table-5.13 Operating parameters for ..T/hr Incineration Boilers Sl. No. 1 Parameter Quantity of of fuel Spent Wash Concentrate(SWC) With 55% solids and 1.24 T/m3 density Rice husk GCV of fuel, Spent Wash concentrate Rice husk Steam generation, Gross, T/hr Steam to de-aerator in boiler, T/hr Steam to evaporator, T/hr Steam to distillery, Turbine capacity Data 2 X 200T/d (2X8.33 T/hr) 2X113 T/d (2 x 4.7 T/hr) 1600 kcal/kg 3200 kcal/kg 2x25 @ 45 kg/cm2 pr.& 440 0C. 2x2 2x6 2x15 2x2.5 MW
2 3 4 5 6 7
Table-5.14 Generation & Utilization Of Steam And Power (For 300 KLPD Distillery Plant))
Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Parameter Total high pressure steam generation from boiler Boiler blow down Total feed water to boiler High pressure steam to turbine Low pressure steam from turbine Low pressure steam to boiler feed water deaerator Low pressure steam to evaporator Data 2x25 T/hr steam at 45 kg/cm2 pressure and 440 C0 2X1.25 T/hr 2X26 T/hr 2X25 T/hr steam at 45 kg/cm2 pressure and 440 C0 2X25 T/hr steam at 3.0 kg/cm2 pressure 2 X2 T/hr steam at 3.0 kg/cm2 pressure 2X6 T/hr steam at 3.0 kg/cm2
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REIA Report pressure 2X15 T/hr steam at 3.0 kg/cm2 pressure 2X23 T/hr 2.0 T/hr 2X2.5.0 MW 2X0.6MW 2X1.0 MW 2X0.9 MW
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Low pressure steam to distillery plant Total Steam condensate to boiler Make up feed water to boiler Electric power generation at steam turbine Auxiliary power at power plant and lighting Power Export Power requirement to 110 KLPD distillery plant and evaporator
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Description of Environment
EIA Report
Figure-5.4 Flow Chart of Evaporation cum Incineration Plant
Steam for Evaporation
Spent wash Tank
Boiler feed water tank Steam to Process
Steam Turbine
High Pressure Steam
Boiler feed water
To Distillery Plant
Spent wash burning boiler
Chimney
Wet Scrubber / Bag Filter
FD Fan ID Fan
Ash
Shree Renuka Sugars Limited. Havalga
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CHAPTER - 6
6.0.0 GASEOUS EMISSIONS AND APC MEASURES 6.1.0 GASEOUS EMISSIONS 1. Boiler Emissions Gaseous emissions generated from the industry will be the flue gases from boiler and diesel generators. The boiler will be at the maximum capacity of 170 T/hr of steam and two numbers of diesel generators each of 500 KVA. Boiler is fired with bagasse or coal and the diesel generators are run on diesel. The flue gases from these units contain pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and suspended particulate matter. Hence, air pollution control measures such as Wet scrubber, ESP and chimney are provided in the systems. The details of these equipments and air pollution control measures are given below. Flue gas from boiler is the main gaseous emission from the co-gen unit. Boilers of 35 T/hr (2 nos) are installed and it is proposed to install 100 T/hr (1 no) boiler during expansion of sugar co-gen unit and establishment of the distillery. The boiler will be operated on Bagasse /coal. The emission details of boiler are given in Table- 6.1. The characteristics of solid fuels are given in Table 6.2 and 6.3, respectively. Table- 6.1 Boiler and its emission
Parameters Boiler capacity Fuel consumption, Bagasse, T/hr Coal/Spent Wash Chimney height Flue gases flow rate, Nm3/hr APC measure Total ash, hr Bottom APC unit Total SPM in flue gas (max.), mg/Nm3 Present 35.0 T/hr (2 nos) 16 40 m 26050 MCDS 8.28 0.92 9.20 270 Addition (300 KLD plant) 100.0 T/hr 64 82 m 66800 ESP Incineration Boiler 32 T/hr
450 KLD ESP
2.24 150
2.24 150
Table-6.2 Characteristics different fuels
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Parameters Carbon % Hydrogen % Oxygen % Nitrogen, % Sulfur, % H2O, % ash, % GCV, kcal/kg 2. BOILER CHIMNEY
Coal 39.9 2.48 6.76 0.67 0.40 10 40 3800
Bagasse 47.0% 6.50%

44.0% 0.25% 0.03%
50.0% 2.4% 2000
Spent wash Concentrate 20.38 1.97 13.30 0.8 0.41 45.00 10.7 1600
Height of chimneys is estimated based on following relations A. Boilers operated on agro-fuel Bagasse alone H = 74 (Q)0.27 Where, T/hr A. Boilers operated on coal alone H = 14 (Q)0.3 Where, H = Height of Chimney in m Q = SO2 generated in kg/hr, The details of estimation for chimney height along with bio-gas are given below Parameter 35 T/hr Boiler (2 Nos) operated on Spent wash Fuel, T/hr Ash with flue gas, T/hr SO2 with flue gas, kg/hr Estimated chimney ht. Chimney ht. provided, m 60 m Bagasse 16.0 0.36 56 100 T/hr boiler operated on Spent wash 82 m Bagasse 64.0 0.072 60 H = Height of Chimney in m Q = Ash produced (at 0.65 % on agro fuel), 0.0169 T/hr =Ash in flue gas (at 150 mg/Nm3 in flue gas), 0.0172
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3. SPECIFICATION OF WET SRUBBER / ESP Wet Scrubber/ ESP of reputed and proven make shall be installed in the boilers for separation of dust from the flue gases. The unit shall be designed by the supplier to suit the boiler and to reduce the SPM to less than permissible limits from the flue gases. 6.2 EMISSIONS FROM DIESEL GENERATOR A diesel generators (2 Nos. each of 500 KVA) present in the industry will be used only during power failure to meet the supply of power to essential services. The details of generator and APC measures provided to it are given below. Capacity of Diesel Generator Diesel consumption Stack size 6.3 PROCESS EMISSIONS Carbon dioxide generated in the fermenter carries traces of alcohol vapors. The vapors are scrubbed with water and then vented to atmosphere through a chimney of 8 m height. The scrubber solution is returned to the fermenter. : : : 500 KVA (two sets) 70 L/hr m.s. stack of 6 m height
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CHAPTER - 7
7.0.0 MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTES 7.0.0 SOLID WASTES AND ITS DISPOSAL The solid wastes produced in sugar industry are mainly bagasse, press mud, molasses and boiler ash. Bagasse is the fibre material left out after extraction of the treated sugar cane juice. Molasses is the semi fluid mass containing non-crystallisable sugar and other impurities, obtained as mother liquor from centrifuge after recovery of crystallisable sugar. Boiler ash is unburnt matter left out in the furnace after complete burning of baggases. In addition a small quantity of ETP sludge may be produced in the industry. The quantities of various solid wastes produced from the sugar industry of 10000 TCD and for the annual cane crushing 22.5 lakh tons are given Table-7.1 Table-7.1
Parameters i. Moister content % ii. % of cane crushed iii. Tons per day iv. Tons for the season Baggases 50 30 3000 675000
QUANTITIES OF SOILD WASTES

Press mud 75 4 400 90 000 Molasses 20 4 400 90 000 Boiler ash -1.0 26 5850 ETP & Lime Sludge 50 0.5 112.5 Spent wash concentrate 35 450 135000
DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE i. BAGASSE
3000 T/d of bagasse is produced from the sugar plant. Bagasse is a fibrous material containing mainly cellulose material and therefore it can be used as a raw material in the manufacture of pulp and paper. The bagasses with 50% moisture are a combustible material with the heating value of about 2400 k cal per kg, and therefore it is used as a fuel in boiler for generation of steam. The steam in turn is used for generation of electric power and also to meet the process requirement of low-pressure steam. 1854 T/d of
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bagasse is utilized in 100 T/d and two no. 35 T/d of boilers. 50 T/d of Bagasse is also used in the clarifier for purification muddy juice. Bagasse produced is more than the quantity needed for captive use. in boilers or pulp mill. ii. PRESS MUD 400 T/d of press mud is produced in the industry. It contains fibrous material and crop nutrients such as phosphorous and potassium and therefore it is disposed to farmers for use in agricultural land. iii. MOLASSES 400 T/d of Molasses is produced in the industry. It contains large percentage of non crystallisable sugar and is a valuable source of raw material for manufacture ethyl alcohol or other products such as oxalic acid, lactic acid etc. Molasses is also used as nutritive additive in manufacture of cattle feed. In the present industry the molasses is used in its captive distillery in the production of ethanol. iv. BOILER ASH 26.0 T/d of boiler ash is produced from the boiler. It contains silica, and other metal oxides. It is a non-toxic material. It is also used along with the agro wastes for composting and production of fortified green manure. In the proposed industry the ash is mixed with press mud the same is composted and is disposed to farmers as soil conditioner for agricultural land. v. EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT (ETP) SLUDGE Surplus bagasse available from the industry is disposed to other industries to use
Production of sludge from ETP is about 400 kg per day. It is a non-toxic material containing mainly organic material and mineral nutrients. It is also mixed along with press mud and used as a manure.
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HAZARDOUS WASTE An average of 0.41 T/d and 12.4 T/month of lubricating and cooling oil and grease will be used in the sugar industry of 10000 TCD, and they will produce about 0.31 T/d and 9.4 T/month of spent oils. Spent oils are specified under hazardous wastes. These are stored in m.s. drums and disposed to the authorized agencies for their reprocessing and reuse. The solid waste produced from the distillery is yeast sludge from fermenters will be used as manure after drying. FERMENTER SLUDGE The quantity sludge obtained from fermenter, spent wash settling is about 10 kg per KL of RS and it contains about 20 % solids. The solids are mainly the spent yeast and other bio-mass. It contains plant nutrients such as phosphorus, potash, nitrogen and other bio materials. Hence, this is dried and then used along with the press mud as manure SPENT OIL Spent oil is produced from generator diesel engines. Generators are used only during emergency and therefore the quantity of spent oil will be less. A small quantity of waste lubricating oil and grease is also generated from gear and other equipments. These spent oils are small in quantity (0.25/yr). They are disposed to re-processors as per KSPCB guide lines. ASH FROM INCINERATION BOILER Ash Obtained in the incineration boiler by burning 450 T/d for 300 working days is about 25 T/d is mixed with press mud and distributed to member farmers to use the same in their agriculture field as manure.
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CHAPTER - 8
8.0.0 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT This chapter illustrates the description of existing environmental status of the study area with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary source data were collected through environmental monitoring in the study area. For reconnaissance survey the sampling locations were identified based on: 1. Existing topography and meteorological conditions. 2. Locations of water intake and waste disposal points. 3. Location of human habilitation and other sensitive areas present in the vicinity of the project site. 4. Representative areas for baseline conditions. 5. Accessibility for sampling Secondary data were collected from various organizations to substantiate the primary data. The data thus collected were compared with the standards prescribed for the respective environmental parameters. Study Period The studies were conducted during the pre-monsoon period of 26th November 2006 to 27th February 2007. 8.1.0 ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS Details of site information related environmental setting within 10 km radius of the project, ambient air quality, monitored data, ground water quality in and around the plant , present land use based satellite imagery, information regarding eco-sensitive area with in the 10 km radius are presented in this chapter. The environmental parameters which are likely to be affected by project activities are air, water, soil and socio-economics. The data
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on meteorology is needed to assess the dispersion of gaseous pollutant by air quality mathematical modeling, Gaussian plum rise model is used in calculating air pollutants such as SPM, SO2, and NOx in the region. 8.2.0 STUDY AREA The environmental influence due to the project is likely to be restricted to 10 km region around the factory site. Therefore, the study area for monitoring of environmental quality includes 10 km region around the project site. The study area is located in Havalga village, Afzalpur taluk, Gulbarga district of Karnataka State. The project site is surrounded by plain lands with agricultural activities. 8.3.0 DETAILS OF SITE AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF STUDY AREA 8.3.1 SITE DETAILS The proposed industry will be located at S. No. 52 &53 of Havalaga village, 31, 34, 35 and 37 of Kolanoor village and 17,18,19 & 52 of Ingalagi Village in Afzalpur Taluk, Gulbarga district in Karnataka state. The total land area of the site is 55.9 hactares. The location is at northern part of the Karnataka state. The location of site in the maps of Gulbarga district and Karnataka state is shown in Figure-1.1. The site is located on AfzalpurGhattarga road, and is at 14 km from Afzalpur. District places Gulbarga and Bagalkot are about 120 km on North East and 150 km west of the site, respectively. The project site is bound by 760-24 east longitude and 170-06 north latitude at an average altitude of 421 m above MSL Expansion of the sugar unit to 10000 TCD and a new distillery plant of 300 KLPD capacity will be installed adjoining to existing sugar plant premise. The site and its immediate surroundings were barren with out any vegetation. However, during last 5 years the industry has developed planned greenery and green belt in the premise. Plant layout and other infrastructure facilities are enclosed in the Enclosure -1 8.3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING OF STUDY AREA The site is located in the rural area away from villages and other habilitation. no other industries are found the region. The proposed site of the distillery is shown in the District map of Gulbarga in Karnataka state (Figure 1.1). The topographical features of the study area are shown in Figure 8.1. Bhima River flows from S to E at a distance of about 4 km on the western direction of the site. Location features of the Study area are given in Table 8.1. The industry is situated in backward district of central part of Karnataka. There is no industrial or commercial activity in the region.
Table-8.1 Location Features of the Site
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Sl. No 1.
Feature
Particulars
Location
Havalga
village,
Afzalpur
taluk,
Gulbarga district, Karnataka state 2. 3. Present land use Latitude and Longitude Industrial Latitude: N-170-06 and Longitude: E-76024 4. Altitude MSL 5. 6. 7. 8. 8. 9. Temp., max. and min. Humidity, max and min Annual Rain fall Extent of land Soil type Topography 33.4 0C and 21.1 0C 61%, 38% 847 mm (average) 138.12 acres Black silty clay Plant site Surrounding : Plain terrain region : Undulated above mean 421 m
surrounded by small hillocks 10. Nearest major road

N.H.-13 Afzalpur BijapurJevargi S.H.W.-162 at
Moratgi 24 km, Indi-Gulbarg Road 20 km at
11.
Nearest railway station
Solapur-
Gulbarga
Rail
line,
Dhudani station at 45 km 12. 13. Nearest airport Nearest village Belgaum Ghattarga 4 m
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14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Nearest town Nearest major city Nearest water body Nearest river Sensitive locations
Afzalpur 12 km NNW Gulbarga, 120 km, NE Bhima river, 4.0 km, SE Bhima river, 4.0 km, SE Archeological structures, Historical places, Protected Forests, Sanctuaries and Biosphere are not present within 25 km
Figure - 8.1 The Location Features of the Study Area
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The study area is a flat terrain (Plateau) covered with black cotton and red soils. Plateau boundaries are marked by soils mixed with pebbles or rocky/stony waste area. The study area, by and large is characterized as black cotton and red soil derived from the parent baseline rock occurring in the area. The soil is mainly clay loamy and fertile. Streams in the area are non-perennial/seasonal. The Bhima River is a major river flowing at a distance of 4 km from plant site and it is a perennial river. Crops such as sunflower, sugarcane, jawar, maize, paddy, bengal gram, bajra, cotton are grown in the area. Mango and acacia, neem trees are also seen in the area. Stream courses in the area seen to covered normally with shrubs-such as Subabul (jali). 8.4.0 MICROMETEOROLOGY 8.4.1 DATA FROM SECONDARY SOURCE
The methodology adopted for monitoring surface observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards (IS: 8829) and Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). On-site monitoring was undertaken for various meteorological parameters generate the site specific data. The generated data is then compared with the meteorological data available with IMD Gulbarga. The Central Meteorological Station (CMS) equipped with continuous monitoring equipment was set up at the plant site to collect the primary data such as wind speed, direction, relative humidity and temperature. Cloud cover is recorded by visual observations. Rainfall was monitored by rain gauge. Hourly average, maximum, and minimum values of wind speed, direction, relative humidity, and temperature were recorded continuously at the site. The station was in operation for three months from 26th November 2006 to 27th February 2007.
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Secondary information on meteorological conditions has been collected from the nearest IMD station at Gulbarga. The summery of the micrometeorology of the region is given below. Rainfall Temperature (Mean temperature in OC) daily The average Annual Rainfall observed Based on IMD Data is about 815.75 Maximum Observed: July (312.32 mm) Winter : 21.0 36.8OC Summer:16.9 38.9OC Monsoon :17.3 30.2OC Mean monthly Relative Humidity for evening and morning Winter : 37 90 % Summer: 37- 88 % Monsoon : 51 - 91 % Wind Speeds Wind speeds area generally light to moderate through out the year with light and moderate winds particularly in morning hours. Winds during afternoon hours are strong. Winter Summer Monsoon E&S NNW, E NW, W & WS
Prominent Wind Direction
The climate of the region is characterized by hot summer and is generally dry except during the southwest monsoon season. Between the months of June to September the climate is mostly wet. The region experiences tropical climate with hot summer and cold winters. Most of the precipitation occurs during the monsoon (July to Mid September). Maximum temperature during the summers (mid-April to June end) can touch a high of around 42.0OC while in the winters the night temperature drops down to 16.9OC. Monthly mean relative humidity is in the range of 37 % to 91 %. Secondary information on meteorological conditions such as temperature, relative humidity, rain fall and wind velocity has been collected from the nearest IMD station at Raichur is given in Annexure -2. The salient features of the data are presented below. 1. Temperatures
The winter season starts from November and continues till the end of February. December is the coldest month with the monthly mean of maximum temperature at 28.8 0C with the monthly mean of minimum temperature at 17.8 0C. During summer season, from March to May both the day and night temperatures increase rapidly. During summer (May), the monthly mean of day maximum and day minimum temperatures are observed at 39.3 0C
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and 25.9 0C, respectively. During monsoon season, the monthly mean of maximum and minimum temperatures drops to about 31.7 0C and 22.3 0C, respectively. 2. Relative Humidity
Winter period is relatively the driest part of the year with the monthly mean relative humidity is in the range of 63 % to 27 %. Humidity is high during monsoon period, with the mean max. & min. relative humilities in the range of 79% and 49 % respectively. The annual mean max. & min. relative humidity in the region is moderate around of 65 % and 41 %, respectively.
The rain fall in this region usually occurs during May to November and average rainy days in a year are about 45. The annual rainfall is in the range of 350 to 920 mm with an average of 760 mm.
3. Wind Speed /Direction
Generally light to moderate winds prevail in the range of 3.0 to 17.0 km/hr, through out the year with slightly stronger winds in the early monsoon period. The mean wind speed was around 12.0 km/h. Winds are light and variable in post monsoon and winter seasons, and normally blow from N-E,S-E,S-W and N-W. During pre monsoon and monsoon periods, the winds are stronger and generally blow from S- W, W and N-W. Major part of the year the wind is blowing from W (26%), S-E (17%) and N-W (17%) direction. Generally, the winds are lighter during morning hrs, while during afternoon hrs the winds are slightly stronger.
8.1.3 METEOROLOGICAL DATA RECORDED AT THE PLANT SITE

Site specific meteorological data are collected at plant site for temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure. Summary of the data as monthly mean of maximum and minimum values are presented in Table-8.1. 1. Temperature
The temperature data collected at the site is presented as monthly maximum and minimum values. The mean of monthly maximum and
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minimum temperature recorded during the study period were 32.8 0C and 17.9 0C, respectively. January.
2. Relative Humidity
The climate is represents moderately hot
days and cold nights. Lowest temperatures are observed during
The Relative humidity collected at the site is presented as monthly maximum and minimum values. During the study period the air is observed to be moderately humid. The mean of monthly maximum and minimum relative humidity is observed to be in the range of 68% and 39%, respectively.
3. Atmospheric pressure
Barometric pressure observed at site is in the range of 714.5 to 712.5 mm Hg. Table8.1 Summary of Meteorological Data near Plant Site
Temp. 0C Monthly mean of daily
max 32.6 31.7 34.2 32.8 min 23.6 18.7 17.4 17.9
AWV km/hr
6.3 5.8 5.2 5.8
Month
2006-07 Nov.- Dec. Dec.-Jan. Jan.- Feb. Over all
Rel. Humidity, % Monthly mean of daily

max. 74 66 64 68 min. 44 39 34 39
Atmospheric Pr. Monthly mean of daily, mm Hg

0830 hr 714.5 714.2 714.1 714.3 1730 hr 712.7 712.6 712.5 712.6
4.
Wind speed and direction
Wind rose based on hourly readings of wind speed and direction monitored during winter period at the proposed factory site is presented in Figure-8.1. The predominant wind direction was E (23.2%) followed by NEE (13.31%) and EES (11.62 %). Other dominant wind direction was NE (9.85%). Predominant wind speeds were in the range of 0.5 to 4.0 m/s. Calm conditions (less than 0.5 m/s) recorded were 15.8% of the period. The highest wind speed recoded was 6.2 m/s and the average speed was 7.82 m/s. In general, the primary meteorological data obtained at the proposed project site are in agreement with the data of previous years available from secondary source. The summary of wind pattern is given in below.
8. 42
Description of Environment Frequency Distribution
EIA Report
Period: from 23-11-2006 to 21-02-2007 Observation time: 0830 Hr & 1730 Hr

Wind dir 1N (0/360) NNE (22.5) NE (45.0) NEE (67.5) E (90.0) EES (112.5) ES (135) ESS (157.5) S (180.0) SSW (202.5) SW (225.0) SWW (247.5) W (270.0) WWN (292.5) WN (315.0) WNN (337.5) CALM Total Occurrence of wind speed m/s (3 months) 0.5 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 3.0 > 4.0 0 20 1 15 0 4 1 1 0 17 1 0 0 17 1 0 0 4 1 1 0 23 2 2 0 86 30 3 0 68 44 2 0 91 46 2 0 133 27 25 0 69 46 26 0 226 203 8 0 184 77 4 0 165 51 1 0 110 45 1 0 45 28 11 1260 605 102 0 Total 36 6 18 19 6 26 120 114 138 185 141 437 264 217 156 84 193 2160
Frequency Distribution %
Period: from 23-11-2006 to 21-02-2007 Observation time:0830 Hr & 1730 Hr

Wind dir (degree) N (0/360) NNE (22.5) NE (45.0) NEE (67.5) E (90.0) EES (112.5) ES (135) ESS (157.5) S (180.0) SSW (202.5) SW (225.0) SWW (247.5) W (270.0) WWN (292.5) WN (315.0) WNN (337.5) CALM Total % Frequency of wind speed m/s(3 months) 0.5 1.0 1.0 - 2.0 2.0 3.0 > 4.0 0.91 0.06 0.70 0.00 0.18 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.78 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.81 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.18 0.06 0.04 0.00 1.05 0.08 0.08 0.00 3.99 1.40 0.16 0.00 3.16 2.02 0.10 0.00 4.19 2.13 0.07 0.00 0.00 6.14 1.27 1.15 0.00 3.18 2.14 1.19 0.00 10.46 9.41 0.36 8.50 3.55 0.17 0.00 7.62 2.38 0.06 0.00 5.10 2.08 0.05 0.00 2.09 1.29 0.51 0.00 58.34 28.02 4.71 0.00
Total 1.67 0.28 0.84 0.87 0.28 1.21 5.55 5.28 6.39 8.56 6.51 20.23 12.22 10.06 7.23 3.89 8.93 100.00
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Note: Predominant wind direction is from E (23.20%) followed by NEE (13.31%) and EES (11.62%). The calm is 15.88%. Monthly Average Rainfall data (mm) Years 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Jan
7.48 -
Feb
3.74 58.92 -
Mar
19.87 3.03
Apr
32.73 102.65 26.55 83.01 42.79 49.79 28.99
May
13.79 31.33 71.32 14.03 87.92
Rainfall (mm) Jun July Aug

125.90 74.12 6.0 237.80 59.16 80.67 53.38 66.38 167.13 34.56
Sept
24.55 209.28 34.61 106.16 98.91 52.84 11.48 80.90 50.02 71.26
Oct
161.57 127.20 262.60 155.92 52.84 65.97 195.48 43.95 134.65 12.14
Nov
69.68 27.82 10.75 43.71 78.98
Dec
12.86 3.03 -
Total
693.42 614.82 565.06 667.56 472.49 496.79 389.14 472.88 815.75 485.84 568.00
169.29 88.38 56.59 88.45 47.70 106.36 71.79 95.87 40.92 103.95 50.04 63.13 18.47 27.32 147.06 37.61 55.18 17.05 38.05 312.32 129.03 59.13 68.72 AVERAGE OF 10 YEARS
(Source: Meteorological Station, BIET, Davangere)
Monthly mean relative Humidity (%) and Temperature OC Years 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Jan 69 74 71 75 70 72 44 47 50 48 Feb 72 79 73 80 76 76 45 38 46 33 Apr 78 78 76 79 69 70 40 37 45 53 Relative Apr May 73 71 81 87 85 90 86 88 80 72 68 81 48 47 48 64 57 57 57 70 Humidity (%) Jun July Aug 83 87 84 81 85 86 86 80 86 87 86 88 75 81 83 74 78 82 64 70 73 74 75 86 76 90 95 85 93 91 Sept 79 85 81 84 80 71 69 79 89 86 Oct 78 83 88 85 79 65 64 69 83 74 Nov 78 86 71 87 77 52 47 51 64 75 Dec 72 85 84 88 72 41 43 48 59 56
Years Max Jan Min Max Feb Min Max Mar Min Max Apri Min Max May Min Max Jun Min Max Jul Min Max Aug Min Max Sept Min
1997 29.6 17.8 31.8 16.9 32.9 21.9 35.9 22.6 36.1 21.8 32.9 22.6 28.9 20.4 27.6 20.1 29.4 19.8
1998 29.5 18.1 31.4 17.1 33.0 22.1 36.1 23.0 35.7 22.8 32.8 23.5 29.4 19.8 28.2 16.8 29.8 20.1
1999 28.4 17.8 31.8 16.6 33.4 23.6 35.8 22.8 35.9 21.9 32.5 22.9 28.9 18.9 27.9 17.3 30.2 19.1
Temperature OC 2000 2001 2002 28.6 25.4 24.6 24.3 19.7 19.4 20.1 29.6 30.4 25.7 21.1 20.1 32.5 30.9 30.8 27.7 20.7 21.6 36.8 35.3 35.4 31.0 24.3 22.6 35.9 37.4 39.1 29.6 24.0 21.1 29.0 26.7 25.8 24.8 23.4 20.4 28.4 26.3 26.2 24.4 23.1 21.3 30.2 25.6 25.2 26.3 23.4 19.8 30.1 27.1 25.2 25.4 23.6 20.1
2003 22.7 19.8 24.5 22.0 25.2 21.2 36.5 24.0 35.7 23.7 26.7 24.6 29.0 25.4 25.2 24.2 25.2 23.7
2004 22.5 20.1 22.7 20.0 25.0 21.6 35.7 23.8 35.7 24.8 26.0 24.4 25.7 24.2 24.2 23.8 25.2 24.2
2005 23.0 20.3 24.0 20.8 27.7 24.2 39.7 26.4 36.2 27.8 28.5 25.0 26.0 24.5 25.2 24.2 25.7 24.3
2006 24.2 17.7 24.2 21.1 26.7 24.3 35.5 24.0 36.2 24.2 26.0 24.7 26.0 24.5 26.7 25.3 28.2 26.1
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Max 28.4 29.1 28.9 30.0 25.3 25.2 Min 18.9 19.5 20.5 25.7 23.4 19.7 Max 27.8 30.1 29.8 26.6 27.2 24.0 Nov Min 17.8 18.2 19.1 20.9 22.4 21.3 Max 27.5 26.8 27.9 24.9 20.4 23.7 Dec Min 19.0 17.9 16.9 18.6 18.2 19.0 (Source: Meteorological Station, BIET, Davangere) Oct
26.0 23.2 24.2 21.7 22.5 19.7
25.0 23.5 23.2 21.2 24.7 19.8
26.5 24.4 24.7 21.7 24.7 19.9
27.5 23.5 27.7 24.9 25.0 22.5
8.4.2 DATA FROM PRIMARY SOURCE FOR PROJECT SITE An Auto weather monitoring station was used as part of Environmental Monitoring Plan to record meteorological parameters. It was installed at 10 m above the ground on top of the office building. Wind speed, wind direction, temperature and relative humidity were recorded on hourly basis continuously for three months from 16.11.2006 to 17.02.2007. Figure 8.2 Wind Rose Diagram at Plant Site Figure Wind Speed and Direction 8.2 Wind Rose Diagram at Plant Site Wind speed and direction were monitored during post monsoon (winter) period at the proposed factory site. The predominant wind direction was N-E (24%) followed by E (29%) and N (14%). Other dominant wind direction was S-E (9%). Predominant wind speeds were in the range of 1-5 km/h (5 %), 5-10 km/h (20%), 10-15 km/h (37%), 15-20 km/h (22%), 20-25 km/h (2%) and Calm conditions recorded were 14 %. The highest wind speed recoded was 38 km/h and the average speed was 11.1 km/h. In general, the primary meteorological data obtained at the proposed project site are in agreement with the data of previous years available from secondary source.

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalaga
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Temperature and Humidity The mean of maximum & minimum temperature and Humidity recorded during the season are given in following table. Sl. No 1. 2. Parameters Temperature (OC) Humidity (%) Maximum 38.0 82 Minimum 16.5 26
Table8.2
Summary of Meteorological Data at Plant Site

Mean Temperature 0C Max Min 31.9 20.8 30.7 17.5 32.5 16.3 Mean Relative Humidity, (%) Max Min 64 36 61 29 59 26 Mean Atmospheric Pressure, mb max min 964 961 961 959 960 958
Month 2006-07 Nov.-Dec. Dec.-Jan. Jan.-Feb.
8.5.0 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY (AAQ) 8.5.1 SAMPLING LOCATIONS Ambient air quality of the study area has been assessed during winter period of 16th November 2006 to 17th February 2007, through a network of six ambient air quality stations within an area of 10 km region around the project site. Based on the established selection criteria the locations of ambient air quality monitoring (AAQM} stations have been identified. The sampling locations are shown in Figure 8.2 and Table 8.2 Table - 8.2 Ambient Air Quality Locations Station Code FAQ1 AQ2 AQ3 AQ4 AQ5 AQ6 AQ7 Location and its Significance Plant site Havalga Kolanoor Ghattarga Hinchagera Kumasi Kollur With respect to plant site Direction -W E S N SE NW Distance (km) -2.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 4.5 6.0
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AQ8
Narayanpur
5.0
8.5.2 AIR QUALITY DATA Pre-calibrated high volume samples were used for monitoring of the existing AAQ status. Methodologies adopted for sampling and analysis are as per the approved methods of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Data on the activities surrounding the ambient air quality monitoring stations were collected for interpretation of the ambient air quality status. Air quality data for the three months period from 16th November 2006 to 17th February 2007 are given in Enclosure 2A-2D and its summary is presented below. Ambient Air Quality Data (g/m3) (24- Hourly average values) Locations AQ1-Plant site min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. AQ5-Chikkhavalaga min. max. min. max. min. max. min. max. SPM 88.00 142.00 80.4 116.4 88.2 120.0 82.4 123.1 88.00 122.0 83.9 121.6 83.9 120.2 85.2 130.4 RSPM 34.0 46.0 30.1 42.0 28.4 44.9 20.1 48.0 28.00 41.6 31.6 61.2 31.6 61.2 32.6 59.2 SO2 12.0 19.0 16.2 22.8 16.3 24.0 14.8 28.9 16.1 24.9 16.2 21.2 11.6 18.2 8.5 15.6 NOx 9.0 22.0 13.4 30.2 12.2 31.6 20.6 31.6 12.7 24.3 10.5 21.3 9.5 21.6 10.4 17.4
AQ2-Havalaga
AQ3Bagalur
AQ4Hire Havalaga
AQ6-Kumasi
AQ7-Kollur
AQ8-Narayanpura
8.5.3 ANALYSIS OF AIR QUALITY DATA The concentration of pollutants in air of this region is well within the limits specified by CPCB for rural and residential areas. The maximum concentrations (g/m3) of SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx in ambient air at plant site (industrial area) are observed to be 142, 46, 19 and 22, respectively. The permissible limits for the same are 500, 150, 120 and
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120, respectively. The maximum concentrations (g/m3) of SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx in ambient air at other location (residential rural area) are observed to be 122, 48, 24 and 32, respectively. The permissible limits for the same are 200, 100, 80 and 80, respectively. Ambient air quality monitored at all the above locations are well within the limits of NAAQ standards specified for rural and residential areas. Figure 8.3 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
AQ7
AQ6
AQ4
AQ8
AQ1 AQ5 AQ2
AQ3
WATER ENVIRONMENT The surface water source in the study area is Bhima River located at about 4.0 km North and south side from the proposed plant site. This river is a continuous stream and experiences flow through out the year. Ground water in the study area lies at a depth of
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22-30 m below ground level. Bore well water and river water are the source of water for domestic and irrigation needs in the region. Water samples from various locations in and around the plant site within 10 km radius from the site include two sample from the river and four samples from bore wells. Locations are presented in Figure 8.3 and Table 8.3. Table 8.3 Water Sampling Locations Station Code SW1 SW2 GW 1 GW 2 GW GW GW GW 3 4 5 6 Location Bhima river Bhima river At 0.1 km S from Molasses Tank At 0.5 km W from Molasses Tank Bagalur Hire Havalaga Chikk Havalaga Kumasi Kollur Source River River Bore well Bore well Bore Bore Bore Bore well well well well Distance from Plant site km 4.0 4.0 S W 2.0 6.0 4.0 4.5 6.0 Direction w.r.t plant site W S 0.1 0.5 W E S SE NW Usage Irrigation & Domestic Irrigation & Domestic Domestic Domestic Domestic Domestic Domestic Domestic Domestic
GW 7
Bore well
The water samples were collected and analyzed as per B.I.S. guide lines for assessment of the physico-chemical and bacteriological quality. The water quality data for the sampling locations is given in Enclosure6A to 6E The data thus obtained were compared with IS 10500 and the summary of the same is given below.
SURFACE WATER SAMPLE AT TUNGABHADRA RIVER It is observed that the pH of the surface water sample collected at Bhima river was 7.30 and 7.73. Total dissolved solids in the sample were 280 - 342 mg/l. Total hardness of the surface water was found to 80 - 103 mg/l. Chlorides concentration was found to be 28 - 30 mg/l. Fluoride concentration was found to be 0.20 - 0.25 mg/l. Sulphates concentration was found to be 20-22 mg/l
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Heavy metal concentration in all the samples was found to be below detectable limits.
BOD values are in the range of 3.5 4.0 mg/l MPN values are > 1100
Surface water samples collected at Bhima River showed compliance of all parameters with the CPCB standards for classification of surface water. Sampling and testing is done as per IS 3025. The results indicate except BOD and MPN which are above the drinking water limits, all other parameters are within the limits. GROUND WATER SAMPLES WITHIN 10 KM RADIUS pH of the ground water samples collected were in the range between 7.2 - 7.6. Total dissolved solids in the samples were in the range between 8001100 mg/l. Total hardness was found to vary between 300 500 mg/l. Chlorides concentration was found to be varying between 62 301 mg/l. Fluoride concentration was found to vary between 0.5 1.0 mg/l. Sulphates concentration was found to vary between 50 75 mg/l. Heavy metal concentration in all the samples was found to be well within the limits. Ground water samples collected from 5 locations within 10 km radius of the plant site indicates that all parameters except fluoride concentration are well within the drinking water standards specified in IS 10500. GROUND WATER QUALITY AROUND PLANT AREA (UNIT AND MOLASSE STORAGE AREA) Ground water quality around plant area was also monitored around the existing plant and proposed industry. Two bore wells on down ward direction and one bore well on up ward direction from the industry were being monitored the same results are submitted to KSPCB regularly. Water samples collected from these bore wells are analyzed for their physico-chemical and bacteriological quality. 1040 mg/l It is observed that the pH of the water sample collected inside the Plant were in the range 7.44 - 7.59 A total dissolved solid in the sample were in between 820 -
8. 50
Description of Environment mg/l mg/l mg/l
EIA Report
Total hardness of the surface water was found to be in between 322-439 mg/l Chlorides concentration was found to be in between 64 - 301 Fluoride concentration was found to be in between 0.54 -1.04 Sulphate concentration was found to be in between 62 216 Heavy metal concentration in all the samples was found to be well within the limits
Water sample collected at plant showed compliance of all parameters with drinking water standard of IS 10500. The quality of water from these test bores are located within I km from the factory and compost yard. The quality of water observed in these bore wells are similar to the water samples collected from other bore wells of 0.1 km to 0.5 km distance from the site. The results indicate the absence of contamination of ground water from the activities of the existing project.
8. 51
Description of Environment Figure 8.4 Water Quality Monitoring Locations
EIA Report
BW7
BW6
BW4
SW2 BW5 SW1
BW3
8. 52
Enclosures 8.7.0 SOIL QUALITY
REIA Report
The study area is covered with light brown to black sandy clay and red soils. The soil samples were collected from 8 different locations within the study area. The sampling locations are indicated Figure 8.4 and Table 8.4. Table 8.4 Soil Sampling Locations Station Code S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 Location Plant Site Havalaga Bagalur Hire Havalaga Chikkhavalaga Kumasi Kollur Narayanpura Distance from Plant site km -2.0 6.0 4.0 5.0 4.5 6.0 5.0 Direction w.r.t plant site NE W E S N SE NW S Significance Plant Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture
land land land land land
Agriculture land Agriculture land
The soil samples were analyzed for their quality. The soil quality data is presented in Enclosure. The summery of the soil quality is given below.
pH of the all soil samples were found to be slightly alkaline in the range of 7.1 to 7.6.
Electrical conductivity is in the range of 158 to 372 mhos/cm Organic carbon of the soil samples is found to be in the range of 0.37 0.67 %. Soils in the area were found to be sandy loam and sand clay. Porosity is found to be in the range of o.31 to 0.52 gm/cc Permeability is found to be in the range of 2.7 X 10-6 to 85 X 10-6
Enclosures
REIA Report The soil quality of the samples monitored indicates a moderate permeability and low fertility in the region.
Figure 8.5 Soil Quality Monitoring Locations
S7
S6
S4
S8 S5 S1 S2
S3 Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalaga 3
Enclosures
REIA Report
8.8.0 NOISE LEVEL
Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of an average human being to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loudness levels. The most common and heavily favored the these scales is the A weighted decibel dB(A). The scale has been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the response of a human ear.
The impact of noise sources on surrounding community depends on. Characteristics of Noise (instantaneous, intermittent or continuous nature).it is well known that a steady noise is not as annoying as one, that is continuously varying loudness. The time at which noise occurs, for example loud noise levels at night in residential areas are not actable because of sleep disturbance; and Sensitivity of location for noise such as school, court, hospital etc. 8.8.1 NOISE MONITORING LOCATIONS
Enclosures
REIA Report
A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify of major noise generating sources in the area. The noise at different noise generating sources has been identified based on the activities like, industrial noise, ambient noise due to industries, commercial activities, traffic and noise at residential area. The details of noise monitoring locations are given in Table8.5.
Table 8.5 Noise Monitoring Locations

Distance and Direction from the site (km) -2.0 km on W 6.0 km on E 4.0 km on S 5.0 km on N
Sampling Code A1 A2 A3 A4 A5
Location Plant site Havalaga Kolanoor Ghattarga Hinchagera
Significance of the location Plant site Residential area Residential area Bus stand Bus stop
8.8.2 MONITORING AND OBSERVATIONS
Sound pressure level (SPL) measurements were undertaken at five locations for the full days of 24 hours duration. The day noise level has been monitored during 6.A.M, to 10 P.M. and night levels during 10 P.M. to 6 A.M. at all locations. The summary of computed noise level parameters like L day and L night for all the five sampling locations are presented in Table8.6.
Table8.6 Ambient Noise Level dB(A)
Sampling Code
S1 S2 S3 S4
Location Plant site Havalaga Kolanoor Ghattarga
L day 64 42 44 50
L night 46 35 34 36
Enclosures S5 8.8.3 Observations Hinchagera
REIA Report 54 32
Baseline noise levels have been monitored at different locations within the study area. The ambient sound levels at the locations monitored are moderate in the range of 32 to 64 dB(A). The sound levels measured in all the locations are within the permissible limits. 8.9.0 ECOSYSTEM An ecosystem is defined as the biotic, physico-chemical, and biotic assemblage of the plants, animals, and microbes in which an ecological relationship is demonstrated. The study area of 10 km radius does not have reserve forest or national park or wild life sanctuary or biosphere reserves. The area is predominantly agricultural land with canal irrigation facilities. Visual survey was conducted to record the available flora and around the area of the proposed distillery. Some of the information was gathered from the local habilitates and forest department. All the collected data were classified to interpret the impact of pollution on the flora and fauna of that region. Survey of the mild plants as well as cultivated crop plants was made and all the available information was recorded. Mesophytic trees were found along the bunds of the cultivated fields and also on either side of the streams. There is no endangered flora and fauna in the region. The list of species found in the region is given below. Sr. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Local Name Jail gobli Bidulu Kusumba Belijali Babul jali Paragimara Sisu Ganda Paiasha Hirejali, Goddajali Chandan Madi Navilumettu Technical name Mimosaceae Poaceae Asterraceae Acacea leocophioea Acacia arabica Caricaceae Agavaceae Annonaceae Acacia latronum Santaiance Epherdraceae Soymida fegrifuga
The cultivated of crop plants are mainly depended on the rain, although well irrigation is common is some places. The major crops are:
Enclosures Sr. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Common Name Jower Sugarcane Sunflower Maize Bengal gram Red gram Wheat Tomato Ground Nut Red pepper
REIA Report Technical name Sorghum vulgarie Sacchrum officinarum Carthus tinetoria Zea mays Cicar anictinum Cajanus cajan tricum aestivcum Lycopersicum esculentum Arachis hypogea Capsicum annuum Family Name Poaceae Poaceae Asteroceae Poaceae Papilionaceae Papilinoceae Poraceae Solanaceae Papilionaceae Solananeace
Animals observed in the study area are fox, pugs, dears, wild pores etc. Based on the type of contribution of organisms and its physical setting the study area can be classified into cropland ecosystem and terrestrial ecosystem. The forest ecosystem in the study area has no suitable habitat for moir diversification of the flora and fauna. There is no endangered or rare flora or fauna in the region. Similarly, there are no important medicinal plants. Other than for domestic animals no suitable habitat is found for wild animals. Similarly, no migration route for any fauna is observed in this area. No important sanctuaries or ecologically sensitive areas are located near proposed site to take any special attention. Reptiles found in the study area are: i. ii. iii. iv. v. Cobra Krait Rat snake Vine snake Calotes etc.
The bird commonly includes the following i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. Parrot Sparrow Crow Myna Bulbul Hawk Wood pecker Spotted owe
Enclosures ix. x. xi. Spotted dove Peacock Nightingale
REIA Report
The mammalian fauna include, wildcat, rabits, common mongoose, common jackals, Indian porcupine, India hare and wild pig 8.10.0 SOCIO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT A brief socio-economic survey was conducted covering 10 km radius from the plant site. The information on socio-economic aspects has been complied considering the information obtained from secondary sources including government and semi-government offices. A brief summary of the same is given below. There are 09 villages and 04 hamlets in the study area within 10 km radius. As per the 2001 census data, the population in the study area is 9397 and 1175 residential households. This indicates an average of 8 persons per household. The density of population in the study area is about 87 per square km. Literacy status of the area is found to be moderate with a total of 62% of the population. Agricultural activity is mainly in monsoon season. Education facilities are also inadequate. The nearest educational centre is Afzalpur which is at a distance of 14 km from the plant site. Most of the villages are electrified. Domestic and drinking water requirement in the region is met by ground water and river water source. Some of the villages in the area are provided with protected water supply but still lack planned water distribution and sanitary facilities. Primary health centers people have to depend on facilities at Afzalpur Major health care facilities are available only at Gulbarga. There are no reported epidemic diseases in the region. General Health status of the people is satisfactory. Co-operative and scheduled nationalized bank service is available in few villages of the area. Rural post offices are available at most of the locations. Paved or tarred approach roads connected to all the villages in the area.
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State transport buses and private small vehicles are operating in main and village roads. There are no airport, railway lines or national highways located in the study area.
Co-operative and scheduled nationalized bank service is available in some villages of the area. communication facility are available at most of the locations.
Rural post offices and
The sugar industry is located at a distance 0.5 km distance from the site. Electric power is supplied to all the villages for lighting and agricultural purposes. The power shortage is the common experience in the region earlier to the commencement of the sugar unit. With the co-gen plant operating and supply excess power to KPTCL grid, stabilize the power position in the region, their by irrigation pump sets have increased, formers have switched over into commercial crop like sugarcane etc,. There are no significant archeological structures in the study region, except the small temples in and around the villages. 8.11.0 Land Environment Primarily agricultural activity is dominant in Gulbarga district region. Nearly 60% of the available land is used for agriculture. Paddy, sugar cane and maize are the major crops being cultivated in the region. Paddy and sugar cane are grown in irrigated (river water dependent) sectors, where as maize is grown in most of the nonirrigated (rainwater dependent) zones. Besides these some horticulture strops are also being cultivated in this region. Which includes coconut, arecanut and banana. In small quantity some vegetables, fruits and others are grown in this zone. Satellite imagery data for 10 km radius of the Industry (Google map) is given in Enclosure 5. This area has been subjected to the application of inorganic fertilizers for the past three decades. The common fertilizers used in the study area NPK complex, urea, ammonium chloride, di-ammonium phosphate, ammonium
Enclosures
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sulphate, potash and bio-fertilizers, insecticides & pesticides such as carbaryl, carbofuran, aldrin, BHC and DDT are extensively used to control insects and pests.
The study area consists of mainly rain fed agricultural lands. Rainfall is medium to low. Some of the agricultural lands are irrigated by bore well and Krishna lift irrigation source. Especially southern part of the region is irrigated from Krishna river source and is covered with sugar cane crops. Crops such as sun flower, sugar cane, jawar, bajra, oil seed crops and cotton are grown in the area. Small patches of lemon, banana and other horticulture plantation are seen in the area. Acasia and neem trees are common at the land borders.
About 15-20% of the total geographical area of the study region is being used for non-agricultural activities. Consequent to urbanization, the land put to non-agricultural purposes. Which is increasing with time, the brief particulars of the land use in Gulbarga district for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes as well as barren lands are presented in the table. Total geographical area Total cultivated land Total Forest area Barren land Permanent barren land Trees & Bushes Others : : : : : : : 5,97,597 hectares 3,84,184 hectares 89,918 hectares 24,582 hectares 9,168 hectares 21,845 hectares 5,047 hectares 12,295 hectares
Total cultivated land unused :
(Source: Office of the Joint for agriculture, Govt. of Karnataka, Gulbarga)
CHAPTER - 9
9.0.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
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Enclosures
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Environmental impact in the study area is any alteration of environmental conditions or creation of new set of environmental conditions, adverse or beneficial, caused or induced by the impact of project. The likely Impacts of various activities of the proposed project on the environment such as air, water, soil, land use, ecology, socioeconomics were identified. The study also includes the measures to be incorporated in the project to mitigate these impacts. The resultant impacts were assessed for their significance based on the background environmental quality in the area and the magnitude of the impact. All components of the environment were considered and wherever possible impacts were evaluated in quantitative/qualitative terms. Standard techniques and methodologies have been adopted to predict impacts on various environmental components. Estimated impacts have been superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of environmental quality derive post project scenario of the environmental conditions. The resultant (post-project) quality of environmental parameters is reviewed with respect to the permissible limits. The impacts thus predicted helps to minimize adverse impacts on environmental quality during and after project execution by suitably designed Environmental Management Plan. The environmental impacts can be categorized as primary and secondary. Primary are those which are directly attributed to the project and secondary impacts are those which are indirectly induced due to primary impacts and include those associated with investment & socio-economic status. divided into two phases. During Construction Phase: These may be regarded as temporary or short term and ceases with implementation of the project. During Operation Phase: These impacts are continuous warranting permanent measures for mitigation and monitoring. The project impact may be broadly
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Enclosures
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Construction and operation phase of the project comprises of various activities, each of which will have an impact on some or other environmental parameters. Various impacts during construction and operational phase on various environmental parameters have been studied to estimate the impact on environment as discussed below. 9.1.0 IMPACT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE The major activities during construction phase include, 1. Site preparation and development 2. Civil construction work 3. Vehicular movement 4. Loading and unloading civil items and plant machineries 5. On site storage of civil items & plant machineries. 6. Erection of plant and civil structures 7. Power supply 8. Maintenance of construction machinery 9. Disposal of solid wastes 10. Accommodation for construction workers.
The activities will have impact on land environment, water environment, air environment, noise level and socioeconomics of the region and these are discussed below.
9.1.1 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT
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Enclosures
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A total of about 58.83 hectares of land has been procured for the establishment of the industry. The land is nearly plain with out vegetation or crops. Out of this 37.43 hectares will be factory area inclusive of plant proper, storage area, effluent treatment space. Further, 19 hectare hectares will be used for greenery and green belt development. 2.4 hectares will be left for future expansion. With land development and leveling the site will have a better landscape. The top soil will be affected due to leveling and civil
construction work. However this is restricted only to the factory boundary. As there are no major trees or crops in the site, the change in land use pattern will not be significantly effected. However with establishment of the project, the vegetation coverage of the land will improve due to greenery development. Due to construction activities within the project boundary, there would be considerable changes in soil characteristics like permeability, porosity, water holding capacity, soil structure and topography. However the effect is limited to factory area only. Along with greenery, storm water drainage and rain harvesting facilities shall be provided to maintain the land environment. 9.1.2 IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT Due to construction activities, the surface run-off during rainy season may contain more of eroded soil and other loose matter. With segregation of construction area and proper drainages, the water contamination is prevented. As there are no water bodies in the vicinity of the project site, the impact of construction activities on water environment is insignificant. As far as possible, construction activities will be avoided during rainy days. 9.1.3 IMPACT ON AIR ENVIRONMENT During construction phase, suspended particulate matter will be the main pollutant, which could be generated from site development activities and movement of vehicles. Concentration of SO2 NOX and CO may slightly increase due to increased vehicular traffic. The approach roads will be paved or tarred and vehicles will be kept in good order to minimize the pollution due to vehicular traffic. The impact of such activities would be temporary and restricted to the constructed phase. The impact will be confined with in the project boundary and is expected to be negligible outside the plant boundaries. Proper upkeep and maintenance of vehicles, sprinkling of water on roads and construction site, providing sufficient vegetation all-around are some of the measure that would greatly reduce the impacts during the construction phase.
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Enclosures 9.1.4 IMPACT ON NOISE LEVEL
REIA Report
The major source of noise generation during the construction phase are vehicular traffic, construction equipment like dozers, scrapers, concrete mixer, cranes, generators, compressors, vibrators etc. The operation of these equipments will generate noise ranging between 70-85 dB (A). The noise produced during the construction will have significant impact on the existing ambient noise levels. The construction equipments have high noise levels which can affect the personnel, operating the machines. Major construction work will be carried during the daytime. Use of protective equipments like mufflers will reduce noise generated by such equipments. Personnel protective such as earplugs shall be used by the operators of these machineries.
9.1.5 IMPACT ON BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
Sound due to construction activities at the site involving human and vehicular movement will disturb aril and wild animals in the area. Terrestrial micro flora and fauna at the site are also affected. However, the adverse effect are reduced by shortening the construction phase period and development of greenery in the site. No effect on aquatic environment is expected as there are no water bodies in the vicinity of the site. Further, there are no sensitive locations within the study area. Hence, no significant adverse impacts are expected on biological environment. 9.1.6 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS
The construction phase induces employment opportunities for the local people. Up to 200 persons will be employed during peak construction phase. In addition to the opportunity of getting employment in construction work, the local population would also have employment opportunities in related activities like petty commercial establishments, small contracts and supply of construction materials etc. The dwelling of construction workers at the site may cause sanitation and other problems. As the villages are nearby and staying facilities are readily available in these villages. The construction and other workers will not be permitted to reside at the project site. Safety and health care of workers is also an important factor to be considered during construction phase. Hazards expected are electrocution, vehicular accident, fall of personnel from over head works, high level noise due to construction machinery, centering failure and exposure of eyes to dust and welding rays. Constructional and occupational safety measures will be adopted during construction phase of the industry. Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalaga 14
Enclosures 9.2.0 OPERATIONAL PHASE IMPACT
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The major project activities and the affected environmental parameters are given below.
A. PROJECT FACILTIES AND ACTIVITIES

Co-gen Sugar Unit 1. Sugar manufacturing plant 2. Power plant consisting of boiler and turbine, diesel generators and electric distribution system. 3. Storage yards for bagasse, press mud and boiler ash 4. Sugar godown and molasses storage tank 5. Transportation of raw materials, products and personnel 6. Effluent treatment plant Distillery Unit 1. Manufacturing unit 2. Power plant with boiler and turbine 3. Spent wash treatment plant with concentration and Incineration boiler 4. Molasses and alcohol storage tank 5. Transportation of raw materials, products and personnel B. POLLUTION SOURCES
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Enclosures Co-gen Sugar Unit 1. Waste water from the factory 2. Flue gases from boiler and diesel generators
REIA Report
3. Solid wastes (Bagasse, molasses, boiler ash, press mud, ETP sludge and lime sludge) 4. Noise from turbine, D.G. set fans, steam vents, centrifuge, graders and vehicular movement. Distillery Unit 1. Waste water from the distillery 2. Flue gases from boiler and diesel generators 3. Solid wastes including boiler ash and ETP sludge) 4. Noise from turbine, D.G. set, fans, steam vents and vehicular movement C. AFFECTED ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS 1. Land use 2. Soil 3. Topography & Climate 4. Air quality 5. Water resources & quality 6. Noise level 7. Biological Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalaga 16
Enclosures 8. Socio-economics
REIA Report
The impacts of operational activities on different parameters of environment are discussed below.
9.2.1 IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT The project site of 58.43 hectares area is presently a barren land devoid of any trees or plantation. This will be brought in to planned landscaping. Along with implementation of project, more than 30 % of the land area will be covered with greenery. The study area comprises of agricultural and non-agricultural lands. During summer, the latter are dry and devoid of vegetation. However, during rainy season they cover green with grass and shrubs. jowar, sun flower, maize and ground nut are the major crops in the region. Part of the agricultural land is irrigated under bore well and lifts irrigation from Bhima River. With establishment of this project more of the dry land will be brought under irrigation and cropping pattern will shift towards sugar cane cultivation. 9.2.2 IMPACT ON SOIL
The impact on the soil characteristics in the study area is likely because of discharges of spent wash and solid waste generation. Spent wash is totally evaporated and is discharged on land. Boiler ash is the solid waste generated from the industry. This contains plant nutrients such as potash and phosphate and therefore will be utilized as plant nutrients on agricultural land. Hence the soil quality of the area will not be adversely affected by the industrial activities. The soil characteristics in the study area are given in Chapter-8. It is seen that the characteristics are fairly acceptable.
9.2.3 IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY 1. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION The air quality of the region will be affected by the gaseous emissions from the industry. The gaseous emissions from co-gen sugar and distillery are listed bellow.
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Enclosures
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Sl. No. A 1 2 3 i ii iii B. 1 2 3 4 5
Source Co-gen Sugar Unit Flue gases from 35 (2 nos and 100 T/hr boiler) Smoke from 500 KVA d.g. sets (2 Nos.) Fugitive emissions Boiler ash handling and storage yard Sugar drier and grader Vehicular movement Distillery Unit Fermenter vapors Fugitive emissions Boiler ash handling and storage Vehicular movement Odour from spent wash storage
Pollutants SPM, SO2 and NOx SO2 and NOx SPM SPM SPM & SO2 Ethanol vapors SPM SPM Odour
2. AIR POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES The proposed industry will be established with built in air pollution control measures as enumerated in Chapter-6. The control measures are summarized bellow. Gaseous Emissions 1. 35 T/hr (2 nos) boiler present in co-gen sugar unit is fired with bagasse during crushing season and coal or agro waste during off crushing season. The boiler is provided with electro static precipitator and chimney of adequate height to reduce air pollution to the permissible limits. 2. 100 T/hr boiler is fired with bagassee. The boiler is provided with ESP and chimney of adequate height to reduce air pollution to the permissible limits.
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3. Fermenter vent gases containing carbon dioxide gases and ethanol vapor is scrubbed with water and the scrubbed aqueous solution is recycled to the fermenter. The details of stack and gaseous emissions from the boiler are given in Table-9.1. Table-9.1 Stack Emissions from the Industry Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 3 Emissions Stack No Stack ht (h), m Stack inner dia, at exit (d),m Stack exit gas velocity (vs), m/s Fuel quantity Bagasse, T/hr Coal, T/hr Diesel, kg/hr Flue gas (Vs), Nm3/hr Flue gas vel. at chimney exit,(vs), m/s APC measure for SPM Pollutants SPM, g/s (max.) SO2, g/s (max.) Boiler 35 T/hr (2 nos) 1 42 0.9 12 32 --26050 12.0 Wet scrubber 4.82 16.63 Boiler 100 T/hr 2 82 92 3.2 45 ----66800 16.0 ESP 8.7 21.3 D.G. set, 500 KVA 2 sets 3 9,(ARL) 0.3 30 -120 ----------
4 5 6 7 8
Fugitive Emissions The impact of fugitive emissions in the industry will be controlled by following measures. i. The conveyors of bagasse, press mud, sugar grader, sugar drier, boiler ash will be suitably covered with hood or enclosures to control fugitive emissions. ii. All internal roads in the premise will be tarred / concreted.
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Enclosures iii.
REIA Report Plantation and green belt will be developed on either side of the roads and around storage yards of bagasse,
boiler ash, press-mud, spent wash storage tank, and around the periphery of the industry. iv. water sprayer. The roads will be sprayed with water through tractor tankers. Ash discharged from boiler will be quenched with
The quality of ambient air after the proposed capacity enhancement is estimated by mathematical modeling as is indicated below. DISPERSION AND GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS BY MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
The dispersion and ground level concentration of suspended solids, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in ambient air due to the emissions from boiler stack is estimated. The estimation of impact due to project activities on air environment was based on Pre project ambient air quality Source, quantity and quality of emissions Air quality modeling The maximum ground level concentration of pollutants under worst operation and environmental scenario in down wind direction is estimated by Gaussian point dispersion equation. The concentration of suspended solids, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in ambient air in the region will be enhanced due to the presence of the proposed industry.
The maximum concentration of these parameters in ambient air under slightly unstable conditions is estimated by Guassian model relations as per CPCB guide lines and the results are furnished below.
Mathematical modeling has been done for predicting short term ground level incremental concentrations of
Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalaga 20
Enclosures
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pollutants based on post monsoon site data to predict the maximum incremental contributions over the existing pollutant levels due to the proposed expansions in the plant. Maximum values of incremental ground concentrations of pollutants are estimated. The quality of air is calculated for the locations of highest concentrations, which shall be present in downwind direction from the chimney. The calculations are done for 200 m to 5000 m from the source. Model Options used for Computations The options used for short-term computations are: The plume rise is estimated by Briggs formulae, but the final rise is always limited to that of the mixing layer. Stack tip down wash is not considered. Buoyancy Induced Dispersion is used to describe the increase in plume dispersion during the ascension phase. Calm /near neutral condition is assumed. Wind profile exponents are used by 'Irwin'. Flat terrain is used for computations. It is assumed that the pollutants do not undergo any physico-chemical transformation and that there is no pollutant removal by dry deposition. Washout by rain is not considered.
Enclosures
REIA Report
Cartesian co-ordinate system has been used for computations. The model computations have been done for upto 5 km.
INPUT DATA Source of Air Pollutants from boilers is given in Table-9.1. METEOROLOGICAL DATA The meteorological data monitored at plant site during pre-monsoon has been used for the modeling. The meteorological data used for modeling is given below:
Data recorded at the weather station on wind speed, direction and temperature (has been used for computations. This data has been used for establishing the hourly stability class. The Sigma theta method (USEPA) based on frequency distribution of wind direction in conjunction with wind speed has adopted for the establishing the hourly stability class. The mixing height data at the nearest IMD Gulbarga station is given in Table-8.4. As the site specific mixing height is not available, EPA approved general mixing heights as applicable for Industrial Source Complex model has been considered for modeling to establish the worst-case scenario. The data on ambient air quality is given in Table-9.2. The mixing heights considered for modeling is given below in Table - 9.3. Table-9.2 Data on Ambient Air quality Parameter Ambient air temperature, Ta Value 303 K 940 mb -1.6 K/100m From WWN & E 1 m/sec C (slightly unstable)
Atmospheric pressure, P Dry ambient lapse, T Wind direction, Wind velocity at 10 m/height, ua Pasquill stability category of the Atmosphere,
22
Enclosures
REIA Report Exponential factor for wind velocity Profile for rural conditions, p 0.15 for atmospheric stability of C category
Table - 9.3 Mixing Heights Considered For Computations Stability Class A B and C D E and F Mixing Height (m) 1300 900 750 400
From IMD data it is noted that the weather in the region is slightly unstable and for wind velocity 1 cm/s the Pasquill atmospheric stability criteria is class C. ESTIMATION OF DOWNWIND GROUND LEVEL SPM CONCENTRATION
Ground level concentrations directly downwind at a distance of x meter from source is given by the Gaussian point some dispersion equation as
Cx distance = Where, Cx = Concentration at ground level at a distance x meter from the bottom of chimney the downwind direction, g/s = Emission rate, g/s = Plumb rise, m = Height of the chimney, m = standard deviations plume concentration (dispersion co-efficient) in horizontal direction, m. = standard deviations plume concentration (dispersion co-efficient) in Vertical direction, m Q exp uyz -H2 2z2
Q H h h y z
= Down wind distance along plume mean centre from source (200m to10000m)
= (h + h), effective height, m
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Enclosures
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The value of dispersion co-efficient depends on distance x, wind speed and stability conditions of atmosphere. The insulation is selected as moderate based on Cloud cover and solar angle data. The stability classification is identified as C class based on meteorological data of atmosphere and wind speed. The data for the same is obtained from IMD Gulbarga (Table 8.2) and on-site monitoring. i) Dispersion co-efficient y and z for stability class C in meters is given bellow (Source: D.B. Turner, 1969) Dispersion co-eff. 400 700m Distance from source, m 1000 m 2000 m 4000 m 200 m 115 m 370 m 220 m 7000 m 610m 360 m 10000 m 840 m 510 m
44 m 74 m 105 m y 26 m 43 m 61 m z The analytical procedure for estimation for of GLC is presented bellow. Q F u = Pollution load, g/s = (g/s of SPM) (10)6, g/s = Buoyancy flux parameter, m4/s = gd2vs (Ts-Ta)/4Ts, m4/s = Wind speed at emission discharge, m/s u is calculated by Irvins wind scaling law. u = ua x (H/10)p , m/s Where, p = 0.15 for C class stability and rural conditions h = Plume rise, m
Plume rise is estimated from Briggs formulae and the relation is indicated bellow. h = Exb/ua , m E=38.7 F0.6, a=1 and b=0 for the conditions F > 55 and x >119F0.4 H = (h + h), Predicted GLCs at different distances from the source are given in Table9.4. Where, E=1.6 F1/3, a=1 and b=2/3 for the conditions F > 55 and x < 119F0.4
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Enclosures
REIA Report Table - 9.4 Predicted GLC of SPM & SO2 NOx (For Boiler emissions) Incremental due to Boiler Incremental Max. SPM, g/m3 Incremental Max. SO2, g/m3 400 m 0.00 0.00 700m 0.00 0.00 Distance from source, m 1000 m 2000 m 4000 m 0.20 0.49 3.22 7.89 2.89 7.08 7000 m 1.41 3.44 10000 m 0.78 1.92
ESTIMATED DATA FOR GROUND LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS

The short-term ground level concentrations have been computed for pre-monsoon season. The maximum values of ground level concentrations at different locations are presented in Tables 9.5 and 9.6.
Table 9.5 Short Term Maximum Incremental Concentrations

Pollutan ts SPM SO2 Max. Incr. GLC and distance for stack attached to Boiler Dist. km GLC, g/m3 3.22 2.0 7.89 2.0
Season
Pre monsoon
Table 9.6 Resultant Concentrations of Air Pollutants in Study area
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Enclosures Sl. No
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locations
AQ1
AQ2
AQ3
AQ4
AQ5
AQ6
AQ7
AQ8
Baseline level (g/m3) SPM 142.0 116.4 120.0 123.1 122.0 121.6 120.2 130.4 SO2 19.0 22.8 24.0 28.9 24.9 21.2 18.2 15.6 Incremental due to Boiler 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.22 SPM 3.22 3.22 7.89 7.89 7.89 7.89 7.89 7.89 SO2 7.89 7.89 Resultant Level SPM 145.22 119.62 123.22 126.32 125.22 124.82 123.42 133.62 29.09 SO2 26.89 30.69 31.89 36.79 32.79 26.09 23.49
Location details of estimation are given in Chapter-8.3. CONCLUSIONS SPM and SO2 are the major gaseous pollutants from the industry. The estimated GLC of pollutants due to gaseous emissions from boiler are given in Table-8.6. The maximum incremental GLC of SPM and SO2 in the region is expected to be 3.22 and 7.89 g / m3 for boiler occurring at 2 km from source. Maximum concentration of SPM and SO2 in ambient air under worst condition is expected to be 145.22 and 36.79 g/m3, respectively. The total concentration of SPM and SO2 in ambient air after establishment of the proposed project will be well within the permissible limits of 200 g/m3 and 80 g/m3, respectively for residential area. In view of air pollution control measures adopted in the industry the impact of proposed project activities is not likely to cause significant impact on the existing ambient air quality in the region.
iii. FUGITIVE EMISSIONS
The emission in plant premise is mainly due to fugitive emissions. The ambient air quality was also monitored for the plant premise. The ambient air quality data of the plant premise is in the range of 99.4 to 142.0 g/m3 well with in the permissible limits for the industrial zone (Table 8.7).
Enclosures
REIA Report
Handling boiler fuel (bio-mass) and boiler ash and the movement vehicles is the source of fugitive emission in the plant premises. Water sprinkling is practiced on roads and other locations of dust source to control fugitive emissions. Green belts and plantations are developed around solid storage yards, manufacturing plants, road sides to reduce the adverse impact of fugitive emissions. The impact of fugitive emissions in the industry are controlled by following measures Green belt and greenery development around storage yards, around plants, either side of roads and around the periphery of the industry. Water spray and sprinkling is practiced at roads and near loading unloading locations. The roads will be sprayed with water through tractor tankers. Covers and shields to conveyors of solid material The conveyors of fuel are suitably covered with hood or enclosures to control fugitive emissions. All internal roads in the premise will be tarred / concreted.
9.2.3. TRAFFIC DENSITY AND ITS IMPACT ON AMBIENT AIR Raw materials (molasses, fuels ( bagasse/wood chips) will be procured from various locations in the state trough lorry transported to the factory through lorry vehicles. Similarly sugar and alcohol produced in the factory is transported to various consumers in and out of the state through lorry tankers. The vehicles will move mainly through Afzalpur road. This road is part of the State High way connecting Gulbarga. With recent commercial and industrial developments in Gulbarga district the traffic on this road has considerably increased. This road is a major tarred double road and is well developed.
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1. TRAFFIC SURVEY Traffic survey is the study of flow of traffic/vehicles, designing and operating traffic system to achieve safe and efficient movement of vehicles, persons and goods. Traffic studies are carried out to analyse the traffic characteristics. These surveys are conducted to assess the impact of traffic with reference to road safety and carrying capacity of roads. Table-9.7. Passenger Car Unit ( PCU) PCU different classes of vehicles such as cars, vans, buses, trucks, autorikshaws, motor cucles, pedal cycles, bullock carts, etc are found to use the common road way facilities without segregation on most of the roads in developing countries like India. The flow of traffic with unrestricted mixing of different vehicle classes on the road ways forms the heterogeneous traffic flow or the mixed traffic flow. It is a common practice to consider the passenger car as the standard vehicle unit to convert the other vehicle classes and this unit is called as Passenger Car Unit or PCU. Thus in mixed traffic flow, the traffic volume and capacity are generally expressed as PCU per hour or PCU/lane/hour and the traffic density as PCU per km length of lane. Recommended {CU units for the practiced purposes are given below. Types of vehicles Passenger car Motorcycle Light van Equivalent PCU 1.00 0.33 1.25 This will help to in deciding the geometric design feature and traffic control for safe and efficient traffic movements. The density of vehicles on the road is given in
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Medium Lorry Heavy Lorry Bus Trailer 3-Wheeler
1.75 2.25 2.25 2.25 0.55
Table-9.7 Data of Traffic Survey at Gulbarga

Date 02.03.2008 02.03.2008 02.03.2008 Time 08AM to 10AM 11AM to 01PM 02PM to 04PM Two wheeler 422 395 402 Three wheelers 52 61 45 Light vehicles 307 352 342 Heavy vehicles 202 177 196 Total 983 985 985
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Enclosures 02.03.2008 Total Total in P.C.U. 04.03.2008 04.03.2008 04.03.2008 04.03.2008 Total Total in P.C.U. 06.03.2008 06.03.2008 06.03.2008 06.03.2008 Total Total in P.C.U. 08AM to 10AM 11AM to 01PM 02PM to 04PM 05PM to 07PM 08AM to 10AM 11AM to 01PM 02PM to 04PM 05PM to 07PM 05PM to 07PM 411 1630 538 411 389 396 415 1611 532 436 391 406 428 1661 548 49 207 114 48 69 43 51 211 116 58 57 47 44 206 68 333 1334 1134 325 348 366 336 1375 1375 316 358 349 331 1354 1354
REIA Report 208 783 1762 220 177 209 215 821 1847 199 171 198 213 781 1757 1001
3954
1004 983 1014 1017
4018
1009 977 1000 1016
4002
2. TRANSPORTATION DUE TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT
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Enclosures i. Personnel
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A maximum of 50 persons will be engaged in construction works. Construction period is about 3 months. They use company vehicle facilities, public transportation and own vehicles. During operation a maximum of about 250 persons (inclusive of employees and visitors) are attending the industry. A total of about 10 visits by four wheelers and about 40 visits by two wheelers will made to the industry for transportation of personnel. ii. Material A maximum of construction material including gravel, sand, stone and bricks transported per day will be about 6. During operation, an average of about 120 vehicles per day will move to the industry to carry material. Hourly and daily maximum movement of light and heavy vehicles may be considered as 150 % of the average values. Additional traffic due to the proposed project is given below.
ADDITION OF TRAFFIC DUE TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT Traffic Two wheelers Light vehicles (CPU) Heavy vehicles 3. IMPACTS The transportation density on the road is likely to increases by about 5 %. The road is a major double road and has adequate capacity to take the additional vehicular load. The road passes through villages and agriculture lands. Lorries carrying solid material such as husk and wood chips will be covered with tarpaulin. Road side tree plantation is already present. The industry will Vehicle Daily max. 28 30 180 Hourly max 8 5 24
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take measures to additional plantation on road sides. Bell mouth shape geometry will be provided at entry and gates. Considering the facilities as above the impact of additional transportation on road will be insignificant. 9.2.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT Fresh water requirement to the industry will be met from Bhima river. The withdrawal of water from river will affect its competitive users. Wastewater is discharged from the industry. This is also likely to affect the receiving land and water bodies. quantitative and Potential impacts of withdrawal of water and wastewater discharges from the proposed industry on land or water body is an important factor in EIA Studies, The qualitative information on water utilization and waste water generation in the proposed industry is presented in Chapters -4 and 5. The information also includes the built in facilities and measures for treatment and disposal waste water proposed to be incorporated in the project. The impacts expected from withdrawal water from river and disposal of waste water on land or water bodies is discussed in this section. WATER USAGES The water present in sugar cane is recovered and used in the process and therefore the quantity of fresh water utilized in the industry is relatively less. Sugar cane it self contains 70 % water which is recovered by evaporation of juice and is used in the sugar industry to meet its process requirement. Fresh water requirement to the industry including co-gen sugar unit and distillery is about 2150 m3/d. Karnataka government has given permission to draw 2000 m3/d of water from Bjima river. A total of about 1844 m3/d of treated waste water will be discharged for irrigation of agricultural lands.
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WASTE WATER DISPOSAL The source, quantity, quality, treatment and disposal of waste water generated from the industry is summarized bellow. Sl. No . 1 Source & Quantity, Co-gen sugar unit Distillery spent wash Domestic waste Excess vapour condensate water, 8470 m3/d pH BOD, mg/l TDS, mg/l Treatment & Disposal After neutralization clarified and then treated in two stage ASP. Treated effluent discharged on agricultural land
Concentrated and used as fuel in boiler.
5.5
1308
1583 12540 0 760
2 3
4.0 5.5
62100 330
Stabilized in septic tank and then sent co-gen ETP and Quenching of boiler ash Collected in reservoir, tested and used on agricultural land
7.0
20
360
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IMPACT ON SURFACE WATER The waste water is treated and completely used on land for cultivation of sugar cane and development of greenery. Water will not be discharged to or allowed to join surface water bodies. With the water management measures as above the surface water of the region is will not be affected by the discharge of the industrial effluents. IMPACT ON GROUND WATER
Under ground water source will not be depleted by the project, as the water is not drawn from ground source. However with rain water harvesting the water table at the location of the site may improve. The treated waste water from the industry is used for irrigation purpose. Hence, there is no possibility of ground water contamination. The Sugar cane cultivation will enhance the utilization of surface water from river Bhima. With the use of fertilizer in sugar cane lands, the underground water quality may be affected due to percolation. The farmers will be, discouraged to use chemical fertilizers instead they will be advised to use green manure.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Spent wash generated from the distillery will be concentrated in the evaporators and then burnt as fuel in the boiler. No spent wash will be discharged from the plant. The effluent from WTP containing high dissolved solids will be utilized in quenching of boiler ash to cool and also to suppress the fugitive dust. Domestic effluent stabilized and then disposed to soak pit. The treated effluent from guard pond will be utilized to irrigate the greenery. 20 acres of land in factory premise has been covered with greenery/ plantation for utilization of this treated effluent.
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In view of the measures taken there is no adverse effect of waste water and waste solid disposal on environment. On the other hand, it will have positive impact by improving the agricultural production in the farmers land.
9.2.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Noise is described as an unwanted sound. Noise exposure affects a human being in many ways depending upon a noise, its frequency and exposure duration. Exposure to excessive noise produces varying degree of damage to human hearing system which is initially reversible. Speech interference, sleep interference annoyance, mental fatigue and headache are few of the other effects which are caused by the high level exposure of long duration noise. In certain circumstances noise can cause decreased electrical resistance in the skin and a reduction in gastric activity. The permissible occupational noise level and exposer time is given in Table9.8. Table 9.8 Standards For Occupational Noise Exposure Total Time of Exposure per day in hours (continuous or short term Exposure) 8 6 4 3 2 3/2 1 1/4 NEVER Sound pressure level in dB (A) 90 92 95 97 100 102 105 107 110 115 115
Note: No exposure in excess of 115 of dB(A) is to be permitted. For any period of exposure falling in between any figure and the next higher or lower figure or indicated in column (1). The permissible level is to be determined by extrapolation on a proportionate scale. Similarly, the standards for ambient noise level are given below. Category of area Industrial Area dB (A) Day 75 dB (A) Night 70
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Enclosures Commercial Area Residential Area Silence Zone Day Time : 8 am to 9 pm
REIA Report 65 55 55 45 50 40 Night tim : 9 pm to 6 am
To meet these limits, noise abaterment measures as indicated in EMP will be incorporated with the project.
The principle source of noise from industry are from fans, centrifuge, turbine, sugar dryer, steam traps, steam vents etc., the observed noise level of these machineries in existing sugar factories is given below. i. ii. iii. iv. v. Steam turbine Diesel Generator Fans, compressors and blowers Sugar grader Centrifuge - 95 100 dB(A) - 100- 105 dB(A) - 90-95 dB(A) - 85-90 dB(A) - 90-95 dB(A)
Most of these generate higher noise. The movement of vehicles like trucks & tractors have noise level of 70-75 dB(A). The data on noise generation and control in D.G. set is given below. Diesel gen. set capacity Noise level at manufacturing stage : 500 KVA : 94 + 10 log (KVA)
Efforts shall be done to bring down the noise level due to the D. G. set, outside the premise with in the limits of about 70 dB(A) by sitting and control measures. The D.G. set room is provided with acoustic treatment for minimum 25 dB (A) insertion loss. Exhaust muffler of suitable quality is provided to offer an insertion loss of about 25 dB(A). The sources of noise are categorized in to stationary and mobile source (Point, line and area source). Transmission path from source to receiver is characterized by the properties of the media viz., air and the presence of barriers, like wall, trees vegetation etc., The net sound energy reaching the receiver from a number of sources my be computed by logarithmic addition of noise levels at the receiver due to all noise sources independently. The noise impact will be insignificant outside the factory premise. The noise levels at various distances from the sources were predicted using equation. Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalaga 36
Enclosures LP2 = Lp1 20 log ( r2 / r1) A

e1
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Lp2 = Noise level at r2 Distance from source Lp1 = Noise level at r1 Distance from source. The D.G. Set noise level will be reduced to 70 dBA at 70 m distance.
The noise level due to project activity is limited to the project site only and little impact on surrounding area. However, movement of vehicles will increase noise levels on the roads and their near vicinity. Suitable measures have to be adopted for occupational noise safety in factory and good maintenance of vehicles.
9.2.6 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
The study area is mainly agricultural land. There are no forests and water body of significance in the region, except the river Bhima at 4 km S and E from the site. There are no endangered flora and fauna species in the region. The project activities are restricted to the factory site except the transportation of sugar cane. Increased sugar cane cultivation shall turn the area in to more green and may also help avial and animal species. The factory waste discharges including gaseous, liquid and solid are not hazardous. Further, they have been effectively managed and there shall not be any adverse impact of these materials on biological environment.
9.2.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT : Agricultural land area increases in the region with a shift to sugarcane cultivation. The yearly returns on sugar cane are about Rs.35000 per acre as compared to Rs.6000 to 12000 with conventional crops. Establishment of project will enhance the agricultural activity with improved economic strength to the farmer. The number of farm implements and tractors in the region will enhance.
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With the development of industrial and commercial activity in the area there is likelihood of deteriating of human values as observed elsewhere in the similar industrial developments. Effective education and enhanced social activities will help to maintain the human values in the region. Presently the educational facilities in the study area are limited to primary and high school. With establishment of this industry the transportation, public mobility and job opportunity along with associated activities in the region may increase. likely to be established in the region to meet the desire of people. The presence of the industry will enhance job opportunities and commercial activities, which inturn will improve the economic conditions of the population. Service infrascture like transportation, health care, education, communication facilities may improve considerably. The availability of power from the industry will help to reduce the power scarcity and frequent power failures in the region by stabilization of the power in the grid, which will improve power supply to irrigation pump sets and house hold requirements. These activities will improve economic condition of the local population. Hence higher education including professional and technical training institutes are
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CHAPTER - 10 10.0.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME A chemical or process industry in general produces solid, liquid and gaseous wastes, which are discharged to the environment. These discharges pollute receiving media such as air, water and land which in turn harm living beings and property. The waste product may contain one or more chemical constituents. It is the responsibility of the industries to prevent or minimize the discharges of waste
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products by adopting suitable control measures in the factory to avoid harm to the environment. The effectiveness of such measures is ascertained by systematic monitoring of discharges at factory level and at receiving level. Systematic monitoring of various environmental parameters will be carried out on regular basis to ascertain the following, i. ii. iii. iv. v. Pollution status within the plant and in its vicinity. Generate data for predictive or corrective purpose in respect of pollution. Effectiveness of pollution control measures and control facilities. To assess environmental impacts. To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical;
10.1.0 MONITORING PLAN Regular monitoring of important and crucial environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during plant operation. The knowledge of baseline status and monitored data is an indicator to ascertain for any deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the plant. Based on these data, suitable mitigation steps could be taken in time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as that of pollution control since the efficiency of control measures can only be determined by monitoring. The routine monitoring program as indicated below will be implemented in the industry. A comprehensive monitoring program is suggested.
Air Pollution and Metrological Aspects

Both ambient air quality and stack emissions should be monitored. It is also proposed that continuous monitoring of SPM. NOx and SO2 emissions be undertaken in the major stacks. The ambient air should be monitored in line with the guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board.
Water and Waste water Quality All the effluents emanating from the plant should be monitored for their physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metals. In addition ground water samples surrounding the hazardous waste storage area should be monitored.
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Noise Levels Noise levels in the work zone environment should be monitored. The frequency should be once in three months in the work zone. Similarly, seasonal ambient noise levels.
10.2.0 SAMPLING SCEDULE AND LOCATIONS
The solid, liquid or gases discharges from the factory are analyzed at the sampling points indicated below by the factory as self monitoring system. Post Project Monitoring Plan with environmental attributes and schedule of monitoring is given in Table-10.1. Table-10.1 Post Project Monitoring Schedule 10.3.0 LABORATORY
Sl.No. 1 Particulars Ambient Air Quality for SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx Flue gases from stack for SPM, SO2 and NOx Wind and Weather wind vel., & dir., Temp (max & min) Humidity (max & min) Rainfall Ground water Drinking water standards Soil Org. & Inorg. Matter Effluent water Location 2 Nos each in wind direction with respect to the Site Sampling port of chimney At site At Site At Site At Site At site, 3 locations around spent wash tank At site Final discharge point Frequency 24 hrs. sample, Half yearly once a month hourly Daily Daily Daily Quarterly Pre & Post monsoon Daily
FASCILITIES
Laboratory is provided with man power and facilities for self monitoring of pollutants generated in the industry and also its effects on the receiving soil, water body and atmosphere. The list of laboratory facilities to be provided in the industry is given in Table-10-2. The laboratory is equipped with instruments and chemicals required for
2 3 4 5 6
monitoring following pollution parameters. For water pH , temp, BOD, C.O.D, T.D.S, CL, SO2- 4, PO3
4
, N, Na, K, D.O. etc
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Enclosures For gases Velocity, Temp, SPM, SO2 , NOX CO and CO2 from the stack. SPM , SO,2, NOx, RSPM, from Ambient air Meteorology Wind speed and direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall.
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Table-10.2 List Of Laboratory Equipments Air Quality

High volume sampler Meteorological station (continuous) Spectrophotometer (Visible range) Sound level meter
Water and Soil Quality

pH meter
Conductivity Meter Turbidity Meter Dissolved oxygen apparatus Flame photometer Kjedhal Assembly
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Microscope Muffle Furnace Soxhlet apparatus

BOD incubator COD reflux set
Spectrophotometer BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Autoclave Bacteriological Incubator GENERAL

Distilled water plant ` Balances
Magnetic Stirrer
Refrigerator
Drying Oven Balances Centrifuge

A set of chemicals, glass ware and apparatus 10.4.0 BUDGET FOR MONITORING
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Enclosures Sl. No. A B Item CAPITAL INVESTMENT Laboratory facilities Weather monitoring facilities MAINTENANCE COST Monitoring of water, waste water, soil, solid waste Ambient air and stack emission monitoring Amount, Rs 600000-00 400000-00 500000-00 300000-00
REIA Report Procurement schedule During construction phase During construction phase During operation phase During operation phase
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CHAPTER - 11
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
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CHAPTER - 11 11.0.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
This chapter provides measures for mitigation of negative environmental impacts of the project. The objective of Environment Management Plan (EMP) is to conserve resources, minimise waste generation, treatment of wastes and protect properties. The sources of pollution and built in pollution control measure are discussed in Chapter-4 to 7. The impacts of project activity on environment and their mitigation measures are presented in Chapter-9. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared on the basis of existing environmental status of the project location and the expected impacts of the project activities on environment. It incorporates the measures for greenery development, rain water harvesting and post project monitoring of environmental quality. The EMP measures to minimise adverse impacts are classified as, Measures built in the process Measures during construction phase Measures during operation phase. MEASURES BUILT IN THE PROCESS
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The main objective is to employ environments friendly process. It shall incorporate efficient utilisation of resources, minimum waste generation, built in waste treatment and operation safety. The measures adopted are: Separation, recovery and recycle of yeast present in fermenter wash for reuse in fermenter. This reduces the use of fresh culture and nutrients in the fermenter and also improves ethanol yield. Use of live steam is avoided by employing re-boiler in distillation columns. This reduces the generation of wastewater. Scrubbing of fermenter vent gases containing CO2 to recover traces of alcohol present in it.
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Provision of incineration type of boiler for utilization of concentrated spent wash as fuel.
11.1.0 CONSTRUCTION PHASE MANAGEMENT PLAN 1. WATER MANAGEMENT The period of construction activity is about three months. Water utilization or waste water generation is not significant. Monsoon will be avoided for the construction activity, particularly the excavation work. Appropriate sanitation facilities will be provided for the workers. Construction wastes will not be discharged. As for as possible the construction wastes will be recycled and reused. Otherwise it will be disposed off-site on a designated landfill site.
2. AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

All vehicles and construction equipment with internal combustion engines being used will be maintained for effective combustion to reduce vehicular emissions. Vehicles being allowed within the construction site for the construction activity will be meeting the regulations of vehicular pollution. Water will be sprayed with high pressure hoses for dust suppression during dust generating activities such as excavation, crushing, concrete mixing, material handling etc.
3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS
Use of local people for construction work to the maximum extent possible Providing proper facilities for water supply, sanitation, domestic fuel, education, transportation, etc. for the construction workers.
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Protection of company employees and equipment from construction hazards, including open excavations, falling objects, welding operations, dust, temporary wring, and temporary overhead electrical lines.
Barricades and fences are provided around the construction area personnel protective equipments e.g. safety helmet, goggles, gumshoes, etc. will be provided to the workers.
11.2.0
OPERATIONAL PHASE MANAGEMENT PLAN
The generation of pollutants such as wastewater, gaseous emissions and waste solid during normal operational phase will cause adverse impacts and stress on various environment parameters. The management plan for mitigation of adverse impacts and enhancement of beneficial impacts is discussed below.
11.2.1 WATER MANAGEMENT
i.
WATER RESOURCES
Fresh water needed to the industry is minimized by taking appropriates reuse and recycle measures as discussed in chapter-5. After enhancement of capacity, the requirement of water in the industry during off season will be 2015. The water is used mainly for as a make up for cooling tower and boiler. Requirement of fresh water to the industry met from Bhima river. During scarcity of water in the river water will be drawn from bore well source. Fresh water need to the industry is minimized by adoption of reuse and recycle measures as discussed in Chapter- 5. The total water requirement will be with in the already sanctioned limits. A network of planned storm water drainages is provided to avoid contamination of rainwater with factory wastewater or other waste material. Rain harvesting plan as explained below is implemented to collect and store rainwater and also to replenish the ground water source. Rainwater, thus collected is used for irrigation application. This water will also be used to supplement the fresh water requirement in the industry.
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Enclosures river.
REIA Report A water reservoir of about 32000 m3 capacity is constructed in the industry. Water is collected in the reservoir during
rainy season. Water stored in the reservoir will be used for greenery development and to plant during lean flow period of the
ii.
WASTE WATER
The quantity and quality of wastewater in the plant is controlled by following measures: Recycle of process water including steam condensate and reuse of treated wastewater in the plant. Control of water taps, washings, leakages from pump glands and flanged joints. Overflow of vessels is strictly avoided. Floor cleaning with water will be replaced with dry cleanings using bio-mass. Leakage and spillage of molasses at pumps and vessels is collected in small pits and recycled
Effluent treatment facilities as envisaged in Chapter- 5 shall be provided.

Storage reservoirs of adequate capacity are provided to hold rainwater and treated effluent during unfavourable climatic condition.
iii. RESERVOIR FOR TREATED EFFLUENT During rainy days the effluent can not be applied on land for irrigation. Hence, guard pond of an adequate capacity is provided to hold treated effluent under such situations. The climatic conditions of the region is Effluent Hold up capacity Size of reservoir Free board : 356 m3/day : 15 days, (5400 m3) : 45 m x 30 m x 4 m : 1.0 m
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The reservoir is constructed of earthen work with suitable compaction as per standard practices and its interior is suitably finished to prevent seepage. The location of effluent reservoir is shown in layout plan. 11.2.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT i. FLUE GASES
Boilers are fired with bio-mass and spent wash concentrate. Flue gases generated from boilers are treated in bag filters and vented through chimney of adequate height. There are no process emissions from the plant. Fugitive emissions are expected mainly at ash yard and roads. However traces of odorous gases containing methane and hydrogen sulphide may generate from spent storage tank. The following measures are adopted to manage the gaseous emissions to prevent their adverse impact on the environment. Stack emissions and ambient in and around the site will be regularly monitored. ii. FUGITIVE EMISSION
Fugitive emissions within the factory and storage yards are controlled by good house keeping, water spraying and sprinkling. Tree plantation in 3 to 5 rows is developed all around raw material and solid waste storage yards. All internal roads are properly paved or tarred so as avoid fugitive emissions. A tree plantation in 2 to 3 rows is developed on either sides of the roads. Water spraying practice should be continued at loading and unloading points and solid storage yards. All the roads in the vicinity of the factory used for transportation of raw material and products will be asphalted and these shall be maintained in good condition. Trees shall be planted on either side of the road.
11.2.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalaga 52
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Some units in the plant have noisy operations such as boiler fans, steam turbine, and D.G. sets. The exposure of workers to the noise of high level will be reduced with appropriate measures. Noise from major equipments will be within 80 dB(A) at 1 m from source and at 1.2 m height. The predominant noise levels will be confined to the work zones in the plant. Various measures proposed to reduce the noise pollution includes, reduction of noise at source and provision of acoustic lagging for equipment. Necessary measures as indicated below are taken to reduce the sound intensity below the allowable limits at the source itself in the industry. In general at the locations of turbines, compressors, fans etc, the sound intensity generally exceeds the limit. The workers engaged in such locations are provided with earmuffs to have additional safety against noise nuisance.
Shock absorbing techniques are adopted to reduce noise level at machinery generating high noise. Acoustical walls and roofs are provided to buildings where such machineries are installed. Proper maintenance of machineries especially oiling and greasing of bearing and gears etc. Use of personnel protective to persons working in such locations. Plantation of green trees around the factory building and premises to control the intensity of noise to the surrounding area. Effective equipment maintenance like periodic lubrication, replacement will be practiced. of bearings and de-dusting
It should be enforced on the workers to use earplugs in high noise areas. Noise exposure to workers will not be allowed to exceed 70 dB (A) for 8hr shifts.
With above noise abatement measures the noise level in the premise will be maintained with the desired limits. Further, noise level will be monitored to confirm the ambient noise level to the standards of industrial area and noise level outside project premise to the standards of residential areas. 11.2.4 SOLID WASTE
Molasses, press mud are the main solid materials used in the industry. The measures adopted for safe storage and handling of these solid products is presented below:
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Molasses will be stored in top covered M. S. tank. Dyke wall shall be constructed to hold the tank contents in case of leakage. Ash storage yard is constructed with seepage free flooring. Garland gutters are provided around the yard to prevent entry and exit of storm water from the premise. Green belt of 4-6 m is maintained all around the ash and fuel storage yards. Boiler ash contains plant nutrients such as potash and phosphate. This is supplied to the farmers for its use in cultivation of sugar cane and other corps. The soil qualities of lands, utilizing boiler ash as manure are periodically monitored.
11.2.5 HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT All hazardous wastes is handled and disposed off strictly in accordance with Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2003 and as amended. Spent lubrication oil is the hazardous solid waste from the distillery and this is small in quantity (200 kg/yr). This is disposed to authorized re-processors or mixed with bio-mass and burnt in the boiler. 11.2.6 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT
Development of greenbelt in and around industrial activity is an effective was to check pollutants and their dispersion in to surrounding areas. Plants act as natural sink for variety of air pollutants. These can help can reduce the pollutant level in the air environment. The degree of pollution attenuation by a green belt depends on its height and width, foliage surface area, density, dry deposition, velocity of pollutants and the average wind speed through the green belt. The main objective of green belt around the factory is:
Mitigation of impacts due to fugitive emissions Attenuation of noise levels Ecological restoration
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Enclosures Improvement in aesthetic environment quality Waste water reuse and re-cycling. Soil erosion prevention
REIA Report
Keeping in view of the soil and water quality available in and around the project site and the topography of land, following species are considered for green belt development. i. CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF SPECIES FOR GREEN BELT Rapid growth and evergreen type of species. Tolerance to water stress and extreme climatic conditions. Difference in height and growth habits Aesthetic and pleasing appearance Large bio-mass to provide fodder and fuel Ability to efficiently fixing carbon and nitrogen. Improving waste land To suit specific climate and soil characteristics. Sustainability with minimum maintenance.
The degree of pollution attenuation by a green belt depends on its height and width, foliage surface area, density, dry deposition, velocity of pollutants and the average wind speed through the green belt. Plant species recommended by CPCB and as suited to the local environment will be used in green belt and greenery development.
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ii. SELECTION OF SPECIES The species for plantation have been selected on the basis of soil quality, place of plantation, chance of survival, growth rate, timber value etc. The area wise distribution of species proposed are as follows:
a. Road side plantation
Avenue plantation should include following species Albezzia lebbeck Azadirachta indica Tamarindus indica Albezzia Odoratissima Delonix regia Lencaena Lencocephala Acacia nilotica Cassia Siamea
b. Around various shops As there, will be limited space (in height) due to various overhead pipelines. Therefore, small and medium sized species are suggested and they should be planted depending on the vertical height available for plant growth. Small species Dodonia viscose Cocoloba Prosopis Juliflora Cassia auriculata Medium size species Prosopis cineraria Erythroxylum monogynum Cassa fistula Acacia Arabica
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Enclosures Loacaenalencocephala Cassia alata c. Around office and other buildings
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Species suggested for plantiaion around office and other buildings are listed below. Cassia siamea Ailanthus excesia Albezzia amera Albezzia lebbeck Cassis fistula Cassis Javanica Erythrina indica Lagrestroemia flosreginea Peltophorum feruginium Delonix regia iii. SPECIFIC LOCATIONS OF PLANTATIONS
The areas which need special attention regarding greenbelt development are: Along road side Around various shops and solid storage yards Around the periphery of premises
The width of green belts and type of plant species to be developed in the premise includes the following. 20 m width green belt all along the periphery of the site 10 m width green belt all along the border of solid storage yards including fuel and ash.
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Tree plantation on both sides of interior roads in the premise.

Lawn with aesthetic plants around shops and other buildings.
Open industrial land area is covered with plantation. An average of about 1000 plants will be maintained per hectare of the greenery area. 12 acres of project site is already covered with green belt and this amounts to about 33 % of the total site area. The project proponents have planted nearly 1500 samplings in the last two years. Additional pplantation program is in progress to cover all vacant areas in the premises including plantation in the proposed plant premises, along the internal and external roads and also along the factory buildings. The plantation is watered regularly. Wherever possible, treated wastewater is used. Regular monitoring of the plants is carried out to record mortality rate, growth rate, overall appearance, symptoms of disease, etc. 11.2.7 RAIN HARVESTING AND STORM WATER MANAGEMENT Large quantity of storm water is generated during rainy days. Rain water collection and harvesting plan will be implemented to conserve the water resources and to improve the underground water table. The project site area is segregated into different premises for effective management of storm water. Strom water gutters are designed and constructed based on contour data of the premise and rainfall data of the region. The project site area of 19 Ha is segregated into different premises such as fuel storage yard, manufacturing plant area, lawn and green belt area for effective management of storm water. Necessary measures shall be taken to control the quality of the storm water.
11.2.8 INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY 1. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION Safety Audit will be conducted by qualified technical personnel to study the installation and activities of the industry and to suggest measures to protect personnel and property against the risks. The areas of possible hazardous incident are given for follow up action:
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i. Fire in fuel/bio-mass storage yard, alcohol storage tanks and diesel storage tanks. ii. Electric Short circuit and consequent fire accident. iii. Any likely sort of explosion in Boiler area iv. Puncture of Boiler tubes. v. Bursting of pipeline joints. vi. Fall from high level structures i. Fire In Fuel/Bio-mass Storage Yard This may occur on account of external cause. The bio-massch fire since it contains lot of fibre and it may spread slowly because of the high moisture content. ii. short circuit and consequent fire accident The electrical short circuit may happen in any of the plant area due to poor insulation of the equipments. iii. Explosion Hazard Explosion is expected due to bursting of high pressure equipments like boiler, turbine and pipe lines. involved The water required for Boiler is pumped and transferred to the boiler by using high-pressure pumps. Also the high-pressure steam generated in the boiler is sent to the turbine through the pipeline. This pipeline will have flanged joints, with sandwich gaskets in between for better sealing. At times, due to water hammering this gasket fails and leads to bursting of the flange joint.
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Safety measures as indicated below are provided in the existing plant to avoid hazards and to provide safety to the plant from any eventualities. During expansion of the plant, additional safety measures will be implemented as per the guide lines.The safety facilities to be provided in the industry are given below.
3. FIRE FIGHTING FACILITIES

i. Water Hydrant System
Fire hydrant system with hose pipe of 7 kg/cm2 pressure with hydrants are located at in bio-mass yard, distillery house, ethanol storage area A jockey pump and accessories. 40 m3/hr at 70 head Corrosion protected M.S. underground piping 150 mm dia. and 100 mm and around the plant as closed lap nos. single headed hydrants distributed around the plant at about 30 m spacing to supply pressurized water for fire fighting. 10nos. m. s. hydrant nose cabinet adjacent to each cabinet.
ii. Fire Extinguishers Fire extinguishers Foam water CO2 type : : 2 each at main office and store. 6 nos. one each at departmental office.
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DCP type Sand buckets
: :
8 nos. each at distillery plant and power plant. At different locations
iii. Fire Protective Appliances Three sets of fire safety appliances each consisting of fire mask (6), face shield (6), fire gloves (12) fire helmet (12), safety belts (6), located at store, power plant and distillery plant, respectively. iv. Fire Brigade Fire brigade facilities available at Mundargi and Gadag shall be utilized whenever need arises. 4. SAFETY APPLIANCES AND FACILITY These facilities listed below are kept at administrative building/stores building and are under the control of emergency Co-ordinator First AID medical units one unit of each department, 4 units at store and 4 units at ECR Safety belts Ear muffs, masks against dusts, aprons against chemical spillage. Shock proof gloves and mats. Leather / Asbestos Aprons.
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Safety items of shoes, gum shoes, hand gloves, helmets, goggles. Safety ladder. Face masks & gas masks (against SO2 gas). Leather gloves. Breathing apparatus. Stretchers and oxygen cylinder. Flame proof battery and lighting. Ambulance at Bannur and Mandya. Emergency lighting facilities, Air life line for working in vessels and tanks.
5. EMERGENCY TRANSPORT VEHICLE One vehicle along with driver is always made available at the factory premise for emergency needs. 6, AMBULANCE Ambulance facilities are available at general hospitals of Gulbarga and factory site will be made whenever necessary.
Enclosures
REIA Report
11.2.9 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH CARE Safety officer will be appointed in the industry. He will co-ordinate and manage occupational health management. A medical facility with qualified doctor and clinical facilities will be created in the industry to meet the factory and residential colony requirement of the health services. Higher medical services shall be availed from the hospitals present in Bannur and Mysore. Health care aspects to be practiced in the industry are indicated bellow. 1. Plant Operation
Regular inspection and maintenance of pollution control plants Regular cleaning of dusts from floor, roads and other lplaces. Heat insulation of hot surfaces Wherever necessary, personnel protective appliances will be used by the workers.
2. Clean Technology Measures for Clean Technology are given below for improvement of performance of industry towards production, energy and environment. Good house keeping is practiced in the industry. Prime importance is given for safety and occupational health. Energy audit is also under implementation. An effective monitoring programme as discussed in Chapter-!0 followed in the industry. 3. Life Cycle Assessment Study (LCA) As specified by MOEF, the life cycle assessment study will be conducted
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Enclosures 4. Medical Facilities
REIA Report
Shree Renuka Sugars limited has a occupation health center to provide following medical services to the employees
Health and safety related displays will be exhibited at srategic locations in the industry. Workers are educated workers on health, hygiene and safety and trained in occupational health safety. Regular health check up of the workers will be carried out and health records of individual workers in form No.16 as per factory Act will be maintained.
General treatment and advice to the employee. Maintenance of Medicines. Spirometry, Pulse-oxyeometry, X-rays and other routine and specific tests will submitted to authorities. be conducted and
First aid facilities will be provided at different locations. Further first aiders will be trained from refuted training institute.
Workers are trained to assist emergency management in case of any such incidences House keeping in the industry and sanitation in utility rooms, canteen. Rest rooms and other places will be given top priority.
House Keeping Training will be imparted to 10 workers and 5 supervisors from refuted management institute.
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Enclosures 11.2.10 MOEF GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR DISTILLERY UNITS
REIA Report
The industry has committed to take all the necessary steps to implement the recommendations indicated in the guide lines issued by MOEF and CPCB with respect to the treatment and disposal of spent wash, construction of spent wash lagoon and the quantity of spent wash generation from the distillery. The compliances to the guidelines are given below. 1. 2. 3. The quantity of spent wash generated from the distillery will be less than 8 litres per litre of RS. Spent wash storage lagoon will be suitably constructed and internally lined to avoid seepage in the ground. Spent wash will be concentrated and incinerated to achieve its zero discharge.
11.2.11 SOCIO DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITIES

The industry has proposed to take up socio-developmental activities such as: Contribution for arrangement of mass marriages Road improvement in the region. Contribution for sports development Contribution to primary education Health care services to villagers Contribution for drinking water facility in the area
CHAPTER - 12
Enclosures 12.0.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
REIA Report
The proposed project involves utilization of natural resources and generation of waste and polluting substances. Depletion of natural resources will affect the competitive users. The waste and polluting materials if discharged with out control and treatment is likely to have adverse consequence to the environment parameters including water, air, soil, flora and fauna. Further, it may exert stress to the existing infrastructural and other facilities and also to the existing socio economic status of the region. It is the responsibility of the industries to control the utilization of resources and discharges of waste products by adopting suitable control measures in the factory to avoid harm to the environment. Measures have also to be taken to avoid stress on existing environment. The industry should also implement programme to enhance the quality of the existing environment. Environmental department and environmental cells shall be created in the industry to effectively manage and control the adverse consequence of industrial activities on the environment. 12.1.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CELL Structure of Environmental Cell Environmental cell is constituted in the industry for effective management of environmental protection and pollution control. It consists of following members drawn out of the factory senior staff. Environmental Cell i. Chairman ii. Conveyor iii. Members AIM The main aim of environmental cell is to plan, implement and monitor the measures related to: i. ii. iii. iv. Pollution control and Environmental protection Sustainable development through Cleaner Technology Conservation of natural resources Statutory provisions Factory staff Managing Director Environmental Engineer Chief Engineer, Chief Chemist, Civil Engineer Cane Development officer
66
Enclosures ACTIVITIES i. Collection of information regarding
REIA Report
Industrial activities causing adverse impacts on environment Generation of waste substances including liquid, gaseous and solid from the factory and their adverse effects to environment. Measures to prevent or reduce the wastes at the source it self in the factory Pollution control measures to avoid the adverse impact of industrial activities on environment. ii. Financial provisions for installation of pollution control and environmental protection facilities iii. To provide staff and labour for management of environment and also for the operation and maintenance of pollution control facilities and self monitor system. iv. Monitoring the programme of Performance of environmental department. Monitor the implementation of various acts and rules related to Environmental acts. Storm water management and rain water harvesting. Green belt and greenery development in the premises 12.2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL DEPARTMENT:
AIM
Environmental department will be formed under environmental engineer to implement the activities of environmental management plan. It has overall responsibility of environmental protection and pollution control, including the maintenance of pollution control facilities, laboratories, self monitoring and also to maintain statutory records.
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Enclosures
REIA Report
STRUCTURE
The Environmental department consists of the following personnel Environmental engineer Laboratory chemists ETP operators ETP workers 1 No., B.E. in environmental 4 Nos, B.Sc. / M.Sc. 4 Nos, B.Sc. / Diploma 4 Nos, S.S.L.C.
12.3.0 RECORDS TO BE MAINTAINED Following records will be maintained by the environmental department in respect of operation of pollution control facilities Log sheet for operating ETP for waste water Log Sheet for Operation of A.P.C plant Instruction manual for operation and maintenance of ETP, APC, etc, Log sheets for self monitoring of ETP& APC etc . Manual for monitoring of Air, Water and soil for Ambient conditions Instruction manual for monitoring of water, solid and gaseous parameters discharged from the factory, and also for various parameters of pollution control facilities. Statutory records as per the Environmental Acts. Monthly and annual progress reports. 12.4.0 BUDGET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Enclosures
REIA Report
Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 1 2
Amount, Rs. lakhs Sugar Unit Distillery Unit Capital Investment Air pollution control facilities 200 25 Waste water treatment facilities 75 10 Incineration boiler --800 Evaporator --700 Laboratory and Monitoring facilities 10 10 Others (Greenery development etc.). 10 10 Total 295 1105 Annual Recurring Cost for Operation And Maintenance Air Pollution Control 10 30 Water pollution Control 20 20 Total 30 50 Particulars
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Enclosures
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CHAPTER - 13 13.0.0 PROJECT BENEFITS

1. The importance and utility of sugar in the domestic market as a food commodity and alcohol is well known as an industrial raw material for manufacture of a variety of organic chemicals including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, polymers etc. This is partly due to high costs of products produced through petroleum route consequent to the phenomenal increase in petroleum price. 2. Alcohol is a potential fuel in the form of power alcohol when blended with petrol. In presence of ethanol petrol burns with more efficiency and low toxic smoke. A large demand is anticipated for alcohol as a fuel. 3. Petroleum is scarce, non-renewable and environmentally harmful product. On the contrary alcohol is an eco-friendly product and it is a substitute to the imported petroleum. Alcohol is produced from molasses which is a by-product of the sugar industry. Alcohol is produced from renewable source. 4. 5. foreign exchange. 6. With enhancement in sugar cane cultivation the production of molasses from the sugar industry has greatly increased. The sugar industries are facing the problem for storage and disposal of molasses. It is necessary to create additional capacity for utilization of molasses. This will enable sugar factories to give better prices to the farmers supplying sugar cane. Sugar industry can generate direct and indirect employment to more than twenty five thousand families in the backward region of the state. Alcohol being used in beverages is a potential source of revenue to the government. The proposed agro based distillery has national priority to overcome the shortage of energy and to save
70
Enclosures 7.
REIA Report The industry is established in the backward region of the state. The presence of the industry helps to
develop road and transportation facilities in the region. The industry on expansion will provide direct and indirect employment to more than 1000 local rural persons. 8. The plant nutrients present in spent wash are recovered in boiler ash. These products are rich in micro and other nutrients and therefore useful to the farmers to enhance the nutrient values of the soil. 9. Both sugar unit and distillery units are complimentary to each other in the development of the industrial activity in the region. The captive co-generation plant can supply excess power to the local grid and stabilize the power supply in the region. This may develop growth of agriculture and industrial activities in the region increasing the socio-economic status of the farmers.
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Enclosures
REIA Report
CHAPTER - 14
14.0.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Shree Renuka Sugars Limited is a professionally managed agro-based company. They have established and successfully running a sugar unit of 4000 TCD capacity at Havalga Village, Afzalpur Taluk of Gulbarga district in Karnataka State. They have proposed to establish expansion of sugar unit from 4000 TCD to 10000 TCD and power plant from 6 MW to 31.5 MW along with a new distillery plant of 300 KLPD in the same premise. Based on the EIA studies the following conclusions are drawn. The industry is located in the rural backward region of the state. The site is Ghattarga about 4 km distance from the nearest village and 4 km from water body. There are no sensitive locations with in 25 km from the site except the river Bhima which is at 4 km from Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalaga 72
Enclosures
REIA Report
the site. The site and surrounding is dry land with no or poor cultivation. No forest or greenery of any worth in the region. The existing industry possesses a total of about 58.38 hectares land area which is sufficient for the present and proposed activities. The expansion is proposed in the existing sugar unit premises. 1. As a substitute to petroleum alcohol is used as fuel in automobiles and as raw material for many chemical products. Petroleum is scarce, costly and Nonecofriendly. It is widely used as ingredient in beverages and thereby a source of revenue to the Government. Alcohol is produced from molasses which is the by-product of the sugar industry. It is therefore a product of renewable source. The proposed agro based distillery has national priority to overcome the shortage of energy and to save foreign exchange. 2. With enhancement in sugar cane cultivation the production of molasses from the sugar industry has greatly increased. The sugar industries are facing the problem for storage and disposal of molasses. It is necessary to create additional capacity for utilization of molasses. This will enable sugar factories to give better prices to the farmers supplying sugar cane. 3. Water conservation measures such as re-boiler to analyzer column, reuse of lees water for dilution of molasses, modification of cooling water system are introduced in the proposed 300 KLPD distillery plant. Thereby, the fresh water utilization and spent wash generation are reduced to 325 KLD, 450 KLD, respectively. 4. After expanding sugar unit and establishing of distillery, the total requirement of molasses will be 1200 T/d. This is available in adequate quantities from the captive sugar mills of the same management. Total requirement of water to the distillery, 325 KLD during season and 2000 KLD during off season which will be met from BHIMA River. 5. The distillery is associated with co-gen power plant and therefore the total requirement of electric power will be met from captive source. The excess power generated will be distributed to KPTCL grid which stabilizes the power supply in the region.
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Enclosures 6.
REIA Report Flue gases will be generated from the existing 35.0 T/hr (2nos) and the proposed 100.0 T/hr boiler and incineration boiler. Bagasse, Rice husk, spent wash concentrated along with coal as supporting fuel are used as fuel in the boilers. During the shortage of rice husk, the boiler will be operated on coal. The boilers are provided with air pollution control equipments such as ESP/Wet scrubber . The height of chimney will be sufficient to achieve the ground level concentration of pollutants with in the permissible limits. Hence, the ambient air quality will not be significantly affected by the proposed gaseous emissions from the sugar industry and distillery. 7. Boiler ash and yeast sludge are solid wastes produced from the distillery. Yeast sludge is dried and then mixed with press mud the same is used as manure. Boiler ash is disposed to farmers as soil nutrient or soil conditioner to farmers. 8. The concept of Reduce, Recycle and Reuse is practiced in the industry. This has resulted in reducing the effluent discharge to the Environment. As the industry practices concentration, incineration technology the entire spent wash generated is incinerated after concentrating. Therefore industry is considered as zero discharge system. The soil nutrients present in spent wash are recovered in boiler ash. This product is rich in micro and other nutrients and therefore useful to the farmers to enhance the nutrient values of the soil. The sugar plant waste water treated in the ETP confirms the CPCB guidelines to apply on land for irrigation. 9. This industry does not produce any toxic products and does not have significant adverse effect on the quality of land, water and air. The industry has taken all the necessary preventive measures to mitigate even the small effects which may be caused by industrial activities. Therefore, the proposed industry will not have adverse effect on the environment or the eco system. 10. The industry adopted an effective environment management system and environment management plan to protect the environment. The management has incorporated health care and safety management schemes in the industry. Due priority will be given for green belt and greenery development within the factory premises. The industry has proposed to provide storm water storage tanks.
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Enclosures
REIA Report 11. There are no protected forests, sanctuary, archeological important structures or other sensitive locations in the vicinity of the factory except the Bhima River. 12. The industry on expansion will provide direct and indirect employment to more than 1000 local rural persons. With the industry, the road, communication and related facilities in the region will also improve. 13. Based on EIA report along with the suggested measures for pollution control and monitoring plan, the authorities can take favorable decision to accord environmental clearance for the proposed expansion of sugar unit along with co-generation and distillery.
BACKGROUND OF CONSULTANTS
EIA study was performed by M/s. Environmental Science and Technology Study Centre, BIET, Davangere. The Centre has all the necessary facilities including technical staff and laboratory to carry out EIA studies.
The agency has collected all the relevant and necessary data, pertaining to location, industrial process, base line environmental conditions and socio-economic factors. The various data were assessed by scientific methods and report was prepared with due recommendations and conclusions. The Centre has been recognized by 1. Central Pollution Control Boards, New Delhi, as per the Environmental (protection) act 1986.
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Enclosures
REIA Report
2. National River Conservation Directorate New Delhi, for their monitoring assignments. 3. Karnataka State Pollution Control Board, Bangalore, for their monitoring work. Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Govt. of Karnataka for air and water quality studies. 4. Public Health Engineering Department for Ground water quality monitoring. 5. Govt. of Karnataka for their Research and Development and other project assignment from Ministry of Ecology and Environment. 6. Kuvempu University and Visveswariah Technological University to undertake the intensive research and developmental works in the area of Environmental Science & Technology and allied area.
Bapuji Educational Association (R)
Bapuji Institute of Engineering & Technology Davangere 577 004

Report Prepared By
76
Enclosures Principal and Advisor Technical Adviser Dr. B. T. Achyutha Dr. S. Manjappa,
REIA Report
Prof & Head, Dept of Chemistry/ESTSC Dr. S. S. Hotanahalli, Rtd. Prof. in Chemical Engineering Co-ordinator Dr. H. B. Aravinda, Professor & Head, Dept of Civil Engineering Dr. G. P. Desai, Sr. Lecturer, Dept. of Chemical engineering Dr. S. Suresh, Sr. Grade Lecturer. Dept of Civil Engineering Technical Assistant Sri. B. Suresh, Sri. K. B. Mahesh, Interact with industry persons President General Manager Manager Sri. Neharu Sri. S. M. Kaluti Sri. D. M. Raskar Sri. Abhay Agarwal
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Enclosures
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Enclosure - 1 Lay out plan of the proposed expanded 300 KLD distillery plant
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Enclosures
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Enclosure 2A IMD data from Gulbarga CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLE Station Month

Gulbarga Latitude 17"23' N Longitude 76" 51'E MSL: 450m
Based on observation from 1951 to 1980
Level
Pressure Daily max
OC
TEMPERATURE
Daily min
OC
HUMIDITY
Lowest in the month
OC
CLOUD AMOUNT
All clouds Low clouds Monthly total
RAINFALL
No of rainy date Total wettest month with year
MEAN
WIND SPEED
Highest in the month

OC
Relative humidity
Vapour pressure
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JULY AUG SEPT OCT
I II I II I II I II I II I II I II I II I II I
h.Pr 963.6 959.6 952.2 957.9 960.7 956.0 958.5 953.5 956.1 951.1 954.4 950.3 954.1 950.6 955.1 951.5 957.1 953.1 959.1
30.5 33.6 37.1 39.3 39.8 35.0 31.4 30.8 31.3 31.9
16.0 18.6 22.0 25.1 26.0 23.7 22.5 22.1 22.1 21.1
32.5 36.4 39.6 41.7 42.8 39.8 35.1 34.0 34.4 34.5
11.8 15.0 17.8 21.2 22.1 21.3 21.0 20.7 20 17.2
% 56 28 43 21 36 18 41 21 49 25 72 48 82 61 83 62 80 59 69
h.Pr 13.1 11.2 12.0 10.3 2.5 10.0 16.7 13.1 19.6 14.8 24.3 21.4 25.2 23.9 24.8 23.8 24.5 23.1 21.5
O kms of sky 2.0 0.6 2.5 1.0 1.7 0.5 2.5 1.1 1.6 0.5 3.4 1.8 2.8 1.0 5.2 3.1 3.9 1.4 5.9 3.6 6.5 3.6 7.0 5.0 7.4 5.3 7.4 5.5 7.2 4.9 7.3 5.1 6.3 3.6 6.8 4.4 4.5 1.9
mm 6.0 5.0 9.5 20.3 54.4 111.7 155.9 157.0 204.7 85.7
0.3 0.3 0.5 1.9 2.9 7.0 10.2 8.9 9.6 4.8
mm 131.6 1967 89.9 1929 78.4 1960 147.8 1907 242.1 1952 276.9 1943 501.3 1956 531.6 1976 535.8 1964 275.3
Kms 8.0 8.4 8.9 8.9 12.7 17.3 17.7 16.1 11.3 9.1
79
Enclosures II I II I II 956.1 962.7 958.8 954.1 960.1 959.0 48 60 38 58 32 61.0 18.9 16.7 14.5 13.8 12.1 18.7
REIA Report 5.5 3.4 4.0 2.6 3.3 4.2 3.0 1.3 1.8 0.7 1.1 2.1 1893 223.8 1948 121.4 1962 1431.8
NOV DEC
30.6 29.6 33.4
18 15.5 21.1
32.7 31.6 42.9
13.8 11.7 10.7
21.8 6.5 847.3
1.3 0.3 48.0
8.7 8.4 11.3
Enclosure 2B IMD data from Gulbarga Station Gulbarga

Latitude 17" 23' N WIND
No of DAYS WITH PERCENTAGE No of DAYS WIND FROM
CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLE Longitude 76" 51'E MSL 458m
Based on observations from 1951 to 1980 CLOUD

No.OF DAYS WITH LOW CLOUD AMOUNT OKTAS 0 T-2 3./ 5 6 -7 8/
No of DAYS WITH CLOUD
Month
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV
62 or more 20-61
WIND SPEED 19-1 0
CA N NE E SE S Sw W NW LM
AMOUNT (ALL CLOUDS OKTAS 0 T-2 3-5/ 6 -7 8/
FOG
8
I II I II I II I II I II I II I II I II I II I II I
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 2 1 2 1 3 2 4 4 7 6 10 3 6 1 4 0 3 1
21 27 19 24 23 27 24 25 28 26 26 22 25 21 27 24 26 25 23 26 24
10 3 9 2 7 2 5 2 1 3 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 1 8 2 5
4 2 8 7 12 7 14 12 8 12 1 5 0 2 1 3 7 8 8 12 6
21 10 20 12 17 9 10 10 5 8 0 3 0 1 0 1 5 9 22 31 30
23 44 22 28 18 26 14 24 5 13 0 2 0 1 1 1 4 7 24 29 43
9 16 10 17 10 15 9 14 3 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 2 4 4 4
6 9 7 9 10 11 11 10 6 7 4 4 3 3 2 2 2 3 2 2 1
2 5 2 9 5 10 8 9 9 9 24 26 34 20 26 14 13 9 4 3 0
0 4 2 8 4 10 12 8 38 26 57 51 58 64 62 65 41 10 9 8 0
0 1 2 3 6 5 7 7 22 15 12 8 3 8 7 12 19 17 8 5 0
25 9 27 7 18 7 15 6 4 5 2 0 2 1 1 2 8 5 19 6 16
16 12 15 11 19 9 8 1 6 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 1 6 2 8
5 6 4 5 4 3 7 3 6 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 5 2 6
5 8 5 8 4 11 11 7 8 5 4 2 2 3 3 6 5 6 9 6
3 4 2 3 2 6 4 9 6 11 5 8 5 7 6 8 6 8 6 9 5
2 1 2 1 2 2 4 6 6 10 17 17 22 22 21 20 15 16 8 9 5
25 19 23 17 27 12 19 3 19 3 8 0 2 0 4 0 6 1 15 5 21
3 7 3 7 2 9 5 9 5 6 5 3 4 1 4 3 6 5 6 9 4
2 5 2 4 2 9 4 14 4 16 7 4 9 13 9 14 6 13 5 11 3
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3 1 5 3 8 5 10 5 9 4 8 2 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 7 5 11 7 9 5 6 3 3 2 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
80
Enclosures II I II 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 20 45 25 25 27 23 27 289 301 1 7 3 56 19 6 3 3 6 7 34 31 24 13 13 50 42 52 17 23 3 4 8 5 7 1 2 4 5 5 30 30 1 0 1 11 10 1 0 1 24 24 1 0 1 7 7 3 18 6 12 4
REIA Report 6 13 9 95 53 4 6 5 48 29 8 5 9 51 65 30 30 6 3 5 53 84 6 4 3 108 113 15 7 24 3 20 6 193 50 95 72 5 2 4 57 122 2 1 1 23 51 30 30 1 1 0 42 25 0 0 0 0 0
DEC
81
Enclosures
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Enclosure 3A Ambient air quality (All values are 24 hr average) Monitoring period from 26th November 2006 to 25th February 2007
SPM g/m3 88.6 112.5 96.6 87.0 118.2 102.3 104.2 99.2 132.0 91.6 97.3 107.2 111.0 119.6 116.4 98.0 88.0 99.3 107.6 115.9 103.7 118.9 100.0 89.6 99.8 120.0 200 Station A1 RSPM SO2 g/m3 g/m3 36.6 38.2 39.1 38.2 44.6 42.2 40.2 38.5 43.0 36.1 38.1 42.9 46.2 48.0 46.9 31.0 38.2 39.7 33.1 40.3 43.7 44.5 39.4 .30.9 32.0 36.2 100 12.9 15.4 11.6 12.8 13.5 14.9 15.7 16.1 12.3 10.4 10.7 9.6 10.9 11.0 12.8 15.6 10.1 12.5 11.9 15.8 12.2 14.0 16.3 10.7 11.8 10.8 80 NOx g/m3 18.6 17.9 16.3 14.8 15.1 9.6 9.9 22.6 22.9 21.1 13.8 14.9 16.5 22.1 22.9 19.4 20.3 21.0 20.1 9.6 18.2 16.2 14.8 10.9 10.8 11.6 80 SPM g/m3 89.6 86.2 89.4 86.2 72.3 57.4 59.8 68.2 74.6 67.9 68.7 76.9 66.1 62.1 74.9 75.3 69.1 52.8 48.9 106.2 112.6 94.6 97.3 64.2 84.6 69.4 200 Station A2 RSPM SO2 g/m3 g/m3 30.2 32.4 29.4 32.8 29.4 25.3 27.3 28.9 32.4 29.4 24.3 32.1 21.6 26.4 35.4 34.2 29.1 24.3 23.1 49.2 58.2 39.2 37.4 26.7 31.2 29.1 100 10.3 9.2 10.3 7.3 9.4 10.2 8.2 10.1 12.8 12.9 13.4 10.6 12.5 11.9 12.7 11.6 10.7 9.8 8.7 8.2 10.4 9.5 10.2 8.8 9.6 10.2 80 NOx g/m3 14.6 13.8 15.4 13.7 11.2 15.4 12.7 10.6 9.6 13 16.1 14.3 12.9 14.7 11.6 13.4 13.5 15.9 11.6 12.7 15.8 13.6 15.9 11.9 10.4 13.7 80
Sampling date 16.11.2006 20.11.2006 23.11.2006 27.11.2006 02.12.2006 06.12.2006 09.12.2006 13.12.2006 16.12.2006 20.12.2006 23.12.2006 27.12.2006 30.12.2006 03.01.2007 06.01.2007 10.01.2007 13.01.2007 17.01.2007 20.01.2007 24.01.2007 27.01.2007 01.02.2007 04.02.2007 08.02.2007 11.02.2007 15.02.2007 NAAQS Rural & Residential
Note:
A1 A2
Plant site Havalaga
Enclosures
REIA Report
Enclosure 3B Ambient air quality (All values are 24 hr average) Monitoring period from 27th November 2006 to 26th February 2007
SPM g/m3 99.4 102.3 98.6 92.8 86.6 85.2 93.6 88.2 94.8 107.6 99.6 95.4 102.4 116.2 90.6 107.1 118.4 110.7 95.6 114.2 124.3 119.7 97.6 106.9 130.4 120.8 200 Station A3 RSPM SO2 g/m3 g/m3 32.6 38.4 32.6 43.6 38.7 45.7 39.0 43.4 40.6 45.5 42.6 42.6 46.1 41.5 48.5 41.6 47.6 59.2 51.6 44.7 50.1 59.2 51.6 52.5 41.9 38.7 100 12.3 10.5 11.3 10.7 11.2 8.5 9.6 12.8 10.4 8.6 9.8 11.3 9.6 12.4 14.1 11.6 13.2 14.7 12.8 10.1 13.4 12.6 15.6 14.1 12.8 15.2 80 NOx g/m3 14.2 12.9 14.2 12.9 12.6 11.6 15.4 12.7 10.4 12.6 14.8 10.9 13.2 16.1 13.8 15.0 15.6 14.1 12.8 15.7 13.8 17.4 14.8 14.2 16.7 17.0 60 SPM g/m3 90.4 89.6 95.4 86.4 81.6 83.6 80.6 88.4 66.6 64.3 67.2 75.3 71.2 68.2 73.6 70.2 98.2 99.4 75.6 104.6 103.7 97.3 75.6 91.4 94.8 96.4 200 Station A4 RSPM SO2 g/m3 g/m3 32.9 39.4 38.4 42.6 41.3 38.2 32.1 38.3 26.1 27.2 28.4 29.4 26.8 29.4 28.6 35.6 42.3 40.2 29.3 51.2 52.4 38.4 29.4 34.1 38.4 36.4 100 13.6 12.6 10.6 11.0 10.7 14.1 11.6 12.6 10.7 11.7 14.6 13.5 15.1 14.2 12.6 15.4 15.3 14.6 12.8 14.2 12.6 11.2 10.2 10.5 10.3 12.7 80 NOx g/m3 15.2 16.4 14.9 15.8 12.6 15.7 19.3 15.2 18.2 16.1 10.3 16.2 12.8 15.4 14.2 12.8 12.6 12.8 12.7 11.9 15.1 14.7 12.6 12.4 13.1 11.7 80
Note:
A3 A4
Bagalur Hire Havalaga
Enclosures
REIA Report
Enclosure-3C Ambient air quality (All values are 24 hr average) Monitoring period from 28th November 2006 to 27th February 2007
Note:
A5 A6
Chikkhavalaga Kumasi
Enclosures
REIA Report
Enclosure-3D Ambient air quality (All values are 24 hr average) Monitoring period from 28th November 2006 to 27th February 2007
Note:
A7 A8
Kollur Narayanpura
Enclosures
REIA Report
Enclosure 4A Daily Meteorological data Data Wind speed Temperature (OC) Relative (km/hr) Humidity (%) November & December 2006
Min 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 1.0 1.8 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.0 2.8 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.0 0.7 1.0 1.8 1.8 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.7 0.4 Max 13.6 13.6 10.0 13.6 9.0 13.6 14.0 13.3 12.2 16.5 14.0 10.4 13.3 13.6 15.1 13.0 14.4 12.2 10.8 10.1 13.3 11.9 8.3 10.8 6.8 6.5 8.3 8.6 14.8 6.5 Mean 8.3 7.96 6.62 6.04 5.31 6.93 7.70 7.70 6.16 7.85 7.48 5.23 6.86 4.79 7.6 7.4 6.0 5.7 4.7 4.6 7.0 5.5 3.4 4.0 3.4 3.0 3.3 4.1 3.4 3.3 Dire SE SE ESE ESE NE ENE NE ENE ESE E WNW NE NNE NE SE ESE SSE ESE ENE SE ENE ESE E WNW NNE NW NNE WNW NNW ESE Min 19 18 18 19 19 19 20 19 19 19 19 19 18 18 18 18 18 16 18 18 20 18 17 18 17 19 18 18 18 17 Max 32 32 32 36 32 33 32 34 32 33 33 33 33 33 30 30 29 28 28 98 29 28 28 29 31 30 28 31 29 29 Mean 24.5 23.8 24.5 25.1 24.3 25.4 25.3 26.6 25.3 24.9 24.5 24.5 24.2 24.5 24.2 23.5 23.4 23.0 23.4 23.8 23.8 23.0 23.0 23.9 23.9 24.2 23.2 24.3 23.4 22.9 Min 35 39 42 28 26 27 29 32 35 36 41 36 32 34 36 37 37 36.5 39 39.5 39 33 42 31 32 36 32 28 29 26 Max 82 90 89 87 76 82 85 84 83 81 90 88 86 82 80 80 81 89 81 81 81.5 81 90 81 76 72 85.5 80 76 90
Cloud Amount (Oktas) Min 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Max 8 8 6 1 0 0 0 3 1 6 4 4 6 5 4 6 8 6 7 3 3 4 3 4 3 0 1 3 3 3
Enclosures
REIA Report
Enclosure 4B Daily Meteorological data Data Wind speed Temperature (OC) Relative (km/hr) Humidity (%) December 2006 & January 2007
Min 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Max 10.1 13.7 14.4 12.6 10.8 13.3 10.8 10.8 13 13.3 11.9 12.6 9 12.2 10.1 11.9 11.5 10.8 14 10.1 14.4 7.9 8.3 6.5 10.1 13.7 12.6 15.5 8.3 6.8 7.9 Mean 4.1 8.1 9 4.4 4.9 5.0 4.4 5.7 7 6.2 5.8 5.2 4.5 5.6 4.1 4.8 5.7 5.0 6.8 5 6.5 3.7 3.6 3.7 .5.2 5.9 5.1 6.2 4.6 3.2 3.9 Dire NW SE SE E ENE SE SE ENE E ESE SE ENE ESE ENE ES ENE ENE ENE ESE SSE ESE W SSE SSW ESE SE SE SE ENE ENE E Min 19 19 21 19 18 18 18 18 18 20 19 20 19 20 18 18 15 15 16 17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 19 17 18 17 Max 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 28 27 27 28 29 29 30 31 32 32 32 31 31 30 30 31 31 Mean 23.3 23.5 23.9 23.0 23.1 23.4 23.5 22.9 23.0 22.8 23.7 23.8 23.6 23.8 23.0 21.7 20.7 21.5 22.3 22.7 23.2 24.1 24.3 25.3 25.5 25.4 25.1 24.7 23.5 24.1 24 Min 38 38 39 45 32 39 33.5 36 39 39 35 41.5 41.5 36 41.5 26 22.5 24 31 28.5 24.5 21 28.5 27 24 31 33 19.5 21 28 28 Max 63 59 86 91 90 85 80.5 75.5 81.5 90.5 81.5 76.5 81 86 76 62 60 84 79 68.5 84.5 76.5 76 58.5 67 78 73 81 61.5 73 67.5
Cloud Amount (Oktas) Min 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Max 4 6 6 4 0 3 3 0 4 4 4 4 4 3 6 3 0 0 3 1 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 2 2 0 0
Enclosures
REIA Report
Enclosure -4C Daily Meteorological data

Data Wind speed (km/hr) Min 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 1.1 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.4 0.4 Max Mean 8.6 10.4 10.4 9.7 1.2 13.0 15.1 11.9 12.6 9.4 9.4 12.2 14.0 9.0 10.8 8.3 7.9 7.2 7.2 6.5 8.6 10.4 14.4 11.5 8.3 5.8 6.5 11.9 12.2 14.0 3.7 4.8 4.0 4.5 5.5 6.1 5.8 5.3 4.7 3.6 4.1 5.7 5.6 2.9 5.1 4.3 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.6 3.1 4.4 5.8 4.8 3.8 3.0 3.1 4.9 5.1 6.9 Dire ESE ESE ESE ESE E SE SE ESE E ENE SE SE ESE NNE E ENE SE SE SE NNW ENE NE SE SE ESE N NW SE SE SSE Temperature (OC) January & February 2007 Min Max Mean 17 18 19 18 18 18 18 19 18 18 18 17 18 17 18 19 17 17 17 16 16 17 17 17 18 18 18 19 17 20 29 29 28 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 28 28 28 30 29 29 29 29 29 29 30 29 29 29 29 28 29 29 29 29 22.9 23.3 23.0 22.7 22.8 23.4 23.3 23.2 23.1 22.9 22.5 22.4 22.3 23.0 23.4 23.6 22.6 22.5 22.2 22.7 22.7 22.6 22.6 23.0 23.0 23.5 23.7 23.5 24.6 23.8 Min 35 37 42 45 39 39 39 27.5 27 29 44 28 35 40 26 39 33 36 35 29 26 27 28 38 37 36 33 31 35 42 Max 75 80 85.5 85.5 90.0 95.0 90.0 81.0 75.5 81.0 81.0 90.0 90.0 80.5 80.0 81.0 90.0 85.0 75.0 70.0 75.0 85.0 80.0 80.0 67.5 63.0 75.0 73.0 69.0 64.2 Min 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Max 0 0 0 4 3 3 6 6 4 4 5 3 6 5 6 5 4 3 4 1 0 0 4 0 0 4 4 3 4 6 Relative Humidity (%) Cloud Amount (Oktas)
10
Enclosures
REIA Report
Enclosure-5A Water Quality Data

Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 29
Bhima River
TESTS (28th Odour Taste Colour (Hazen units) pH Turbidity as NTU Total Hardness Iron as Fe, mg/l Chlorides as Cl, mg/l Dissolved Solids, mg/l Calcium as Ca, mg/l Copper as Cu, mg/l Magnesium as Mg, mg/l Sulphate as SO4, mg/l Nitrate as NO3, mg/l Fluoride as F, mg/l Mercury as Hg, mg/l Cadmium as Cd, mg/l Selenium as Se, mg/l Arsenic as As, mg/l Cyanide as CN, mg/l Lead as Pb, mg/l Zinc as Zn, mg/l Chromium as Cr-6, mg/l Pesticides Alkalinity as CaCo3, mg/l Boron as B, mg/l MPN of Coliform count/100 ml BOD, mg/l (BDL = Below Detectable Limit) SW1 Nov 2006) (30th SW1 Jan 2007) (28th SW2 Nov 2006) SW2 (30th Jan 2007) Unobjectionable Agreeable 8 7.69 9.0 89.8 BDL 28.4 294 44 BDL 18 22 5.4 0.18 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Absent Absent 148 0.11 1100 3.4
Unobjectionable Agreeable 4 7.21 6.0 106 BDL 28.8 298 42 BDL 12 20 5.8 0.21 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Absent Absent 138 0.10 1100 4.5
Unobjectionable Agreeable 6 7.46 8.0 114 BDL 27.6 316 37 BDL 15 24 5.1 0.24 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Absent Absent 146 0.09 1100 3.8
Unobjectionable Agreeable 6 7.38 7.0 79.6 BDL 30.4 304 38 BDL 14 18 4.8 0.20 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Absent Absent 134 0.12 1100 3.6
Enclosures
REIA Report
Enclosure 5B Ground water Quality Data around Plant and Spent Wash Tank
Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 (BDL TESTS Odour Taste Colour (Hazen units) pH Turbidity as NTU Total Hardness Iron as Fe, mg/l Chlorides as Cl, mg/l Dissolved Solids, mg/l Calcium as Ca, mg/l Copper as Cu, mg/l Magnesium as Mg, mg/l Sulphate as SO4, mg/l Nitrate as NO3, mg/l Fluoride as F, mg/l Mercury as Hg, mg/l Cadmium as Cd, mg/l Selenium as Se, mg/l Arsenic as As, mg/l Cyanide as CN, mg/l Lead as Pb, mg/l Zinc as Zn, mg/l Chromium as Cr-6, mg/l Pesticides Alkalinity as CaCo3, mg/l Boron as B, mg/l MPN of Coliform count/100 ml = Below Detectable Limit) At 0.1 km S from spent wash Tank, GW1 GW1 (30th Jan 2007) (28th Nov 2006) Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Agreeable Agreeable <4 <5 7.59 7.51 <1 <1 439 434 0.15 0.16 301 298 1018 1040 97 92 BDL BDL 54 48 216 212 17 14 0.56 0.54 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Absent Absent Absent Absent 318 312 0.19 0.21 Nil Nil At 0.5 km W Spent wash Tank GW2 GW2 (28th Nov 2006) (30th Jan 2007) Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Agreeable Agreeable <4 <4 7.44 7.59 <1 <1 328 322 0.10 0.13 68 64 824 820 82 79 BDL BDL 34 32 64 62 38 36 1.04 1.0 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 336 328 BDL BDL Nil Nil
Enclosures
REIA Report
Enclosure-5C Water Quality Data

Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Bagalur Village
TESTS Odour Taste Colour (Hazen units) pH Turbidity as NTU Total Hardness Iron as Fe, mg/l Chlorides as Cl, mg/l Dissolved Solids, mg/l Calcium as Ca, mg/l Copper as Cu, mg/l Magnesium as Mg, mg/l Sulphate as SO4, mg/l Nitrate as NO3, mg/l Fluoride as F, mg/l Mercury as Hg, mg/l Cadmium as Cd, mg/l Selenium as Se, mg/l Arsenic as As, mg/l Cyanide as CN, mg/l Lead as Pb, mg/l Zinc as Zn, mg/l Chromium as Cr-6, mg/l Pesticides Alkalinity as CaCo3, mg/l Boron as B, mg/l MPN of Coliform count/100 ml (BDL = Below Detectable Limit) GW1 (28th Nov. 2006)
Unobjectionable
Hire Havalaga village

GW2 (28th Nov. 2006)
Unobjectionable
Ghatarga village
GW3 (28th Nov. 2006)
Unobjectionable
GW1 (30th Jan. 2007)

Unobjectionable
GW2 (30th Jan 2007)

Unobjectionable
GW3 (30th Jan 2007)

Unobjectionable
Agreeable <6 7.51 <1 452 0.10 318 854 85 BDL 62 315 16 0.46 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL Absent Absent 298 0.12 Nil
Agreeable <6 7.49 <1 319 0.09 75 824 86 BDL 38 364 29 1.08 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 378 BDL Nil
Enclosures
REIA Report
Enclosure-5D Water Quality Data

Kumsi village
Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 TESTS Odour Taste Colour (Hazen units) pH Turbidity as NTU Total Hardness Iron as Fe, mg/l Chlorides as Cl, mg/l Dissolved Solids, mg/l Calcium as Ca, mg/l Copper as Cu, mg/l Magnesium as Mg, mg/l Sulphate as SO4, mg/l Nitrate as NO3, mg/l Fluoride as F, mg/l Mercury as Hg, mg/l Cadmium as Cd, mg/l Selenium as Se, mg/l Arsenic as As, mg/l Cyanide as CN, mg/l Lead as Pb, mg/l Zinc as Zn, mg/l Chromium as Cr-6, mg/l Pesticides Alkalinity as CaCo3, mg/l Boron as B, mg/l MPN of Coliform count/100 ml GW4 (28th Nov. 2006) Unobjectionable Agreeable <5 7.28 <1 496 0.12 321 896 152 BDL 44 178 18 0.98 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 328 BDL Nil GW4 (30th Jan 2007) Unobjectionable Agreeable <5 7.24 <1 524 0.10 294 926 154 BDL 46 185 12 0.66 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 396 BDL Nil
Kollur Village
GW5 (28th Nov. 2006) Unobjectionable Agreeable <5 7.29 <1 342 0.14 264 724 86 BDL 38 99 26 1.02 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 428 BDL Nil GW5 (30th Jan 2007) Unobjectionable Agreeable <5 7.41 <1 361 0.12 238 598 92 BDL 42 106 38 1.06 BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL BDL 468 BDL Nil
(BDL = Below Detectable Limit)
10
Enclosures
REIA Report
Enclosure 6 Present Land Use Based on Satellite Imaginary
CADASTRAL MAP OF HAVALAGA VILLAGE, AFZALPUR TALUKA GULBARAGA DISTRICT OVERLAID ON IRS-IC PAN + LISS- III MERGED IMAGE
Hichagera
Kollur Plant Site
Kumasi
Legend RGB Composite
Red: Layer 1 Green: Layer Blue: Layer 3
Hire Havalgi
Narayanpura
Ghattaragi
Cultivated land % Forest Land % Barren Land
36.0 26.0 38.0
Chikka Havalgi
Bagalur
11
Introduction
EIA Report
Enclosure-7 Soil Quality Data Sampling period: 30thJanuary 2007

Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11 A B C Sample Location pH (1:2 Soil water extract) Electrical Conductivity (mhos) (1:2 Soil water extract) Nitrate as N, mg/kg Phosphorous as P2O5, mg/kg Potassium as K2O, mg/kg Sodium as Na2O, mg/kg Calcium as Ca, mg/kg Magnesium as Mg, mg/kg Chlorides as Cl, mg/kg Organic Carbon, % Bulk density, gm/cc. Permeability, cm/s Texture Sand % Silt % Clay % S1 7.62 320 S2 7.05 152 S3 7.20 370 32 15 16 614 2802 288 20 0.42 0.30 6.5x10-5 Silty Clay 40 20 35 S4 7.40 196 29 21 92 521 2612 328 42 0.65 0.31 6.2x10-5 Silty Clay 32 25 40
30 31 15 13 61 32 760 728 3112 2528 405 414 52 81 0.82 0.60 0.50 0.42 7.1x10-6 2.3x10-6 Silty Clay Silty Clay 28 28 23 38 44 41
Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11 A B C
Sample Location pH (1:2 Soil water extract) Electrical Conductivity (mhos) (1:2 Soil water extract) Nitrate as N, mg/kg Phosphorous as P2O5, mg/kg Potassium as K2O, mg/kg Sodium as Na2O, mg/kg Calcium as Ca, mg/kg Magnesium as Mg, mg/kg Chlorides as Cl, mg/kg Organic Carbon, % Bulk density, gm/cc. Permeability, cm/s Texture Sand % Silt % Clay % Plant Site Bagalur Chikkhavalaga Kollur
S5 7.60 242 25 18 80 234 235 304 60 0.52 0.30 26 19 32
S6 7.24 124 23 16 71 225 214 225 22 0.35 0.31 41 16 21
S7 7.10 310 30 12 14 641 2712 264 21 0.40 0.26

615x10-5 Silty Clay
S8 7.30 206 21 18 82 512 2522 312 34 0.61 0.31

6.0x10-5 Silty Clay
8.4x10-5 6.2x10-5 Silty Clay Clay loam
34 18 30 Havalaga Hire Havalaga Kumasi Narayanpura
30 21 31
Note: S1 S3 S5 S7 S2 S4 S6 S8 Enclosure - 8 GREEN REVOLUTION BY RENUKA SUGARS LIMITED
1.1
Introduction Upto 2003 35000 950 0 653 0 2500 300 180 300 190 100 20 12 200 200 6500 1400 50 3500 1500 500 200 35 100 0 0 0 0 35 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 350 0 0 25 80 54880
EIA Report Year Year Year 2004 2005 2006 Number of Trees Planted 30000 17120 2000 0 791 0 0 350 150 0 9096 11629 0 0 1000 0 0 500 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 580 100 0 0 10 0 0 10 0 210 25 100 50 10 10 25 20 0 0 0 4000 0 0 0 0 100 0 5000 0 0 750 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 0 0 0 78 0 0 38 0 0 280 1500 100 0 0 0 0 7450 200 0 22760 2500 0 100 2 0 60 0 0 200 150 0 1240 500 0 100 50 0 5000 0 0 4850 500 813 910 800 0 0 0 0 0 890 0 0 12 30 30 45 75 75 45 35399 78247 22098
Sl. No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43
Tree Name Teak Tamarid (Hunse) Dwara Hunse Kalpavriksha (Coconut) Banana Betelnut (Arecanut) Curry leaf (Karibevu) Drum Stick (Nuggi) Neem (Bevu) Bamboo (Gala) Jackfruit (Halasu) Gaiva (Pyaraia) Chiku (Sapota) Lemmon (Nimbe) Beete (Roose wood) Silver Oak Mango Sreeganda Honge Golden Pam Tree Polyalthia Longfolla (Ashoka Tree) Wick 9Batti) Cashewnut (Godambi) Champak (Sampige) Hibuscus (Dasvala) Show Tree Rose Almond (Badam) Eucalyptus (Nilagiri) Casraine (Sarvay) Hala Annona Reticulate (Sitapala) Gulmorah Glyricidia (Gobbar) Jasmine (Mallige) Amla (Bet nalli) Accasia (Jali) Venilla Subabull (Chiguru mavu) Jalaropa (Bio diesel) Pupil (Aarall mara) Banni Mara Bouganvill (Paper) Total
Total 84120 1741 500 21378 1000 3000 300 680 980 200 110 255 172 255 200 10500 1500 5050 4450 1500 500 200 85 100 78 38 1880 35 7650 25260 102 60 350 1740 150 5000 5350 2523 350 890 12 130 250 190624
Enclosure-9
1.2
Introduction
EIA Report
State wise Production of Maize State Andhra Pradesh Bihar Gujarat Himachal Pradesh Jammu Kashmir Karnataka Madhya Pradesh Maharastra Orissa Punjab Rajastan Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Tamil Nadu Other states All India Production in Lac tons During 1997 10.8 11.7 06.6 06.2 04.4 16.7 11.0 03.0 00.6 03.5 12.2 16.6 01.3 36.0 108.5 During 2005 11.2 12.2 03.2 08.5 11.2 18.5 22.6 06.3 06.0 09.9 14.0 04.5 06.5 132.0
Enclosure - 10 TERMS OF REFERENCES (ToR) FROM MoEF FOR EIA STUDY
1.3
Introduction
EIA Report
Terms of References were specified to this industry by Environmental Appraisal Committee, MoEF New Delhi during their meeting held on 21-0108 (Annexure-9). The EIA studies were conducted based on these TOR and accordingly the EIA report is prepared. The list of ToR and their compliances is given below. Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 Terms of References (ToR) Executive summary of the project Present land use based on satellite imagery Details of site and information related to environmental setting with in 10 km radius of the project site Sources of molasses/ grains Information regarding eco-sensitive areas such as national park/ wildlife sanctuary/biosphere reserves with in 10 km radius of project area. Ambient air quality monitoring for three months except monsoon Mathematical modeling for calculating the dispersion of air pollutants and ground level concentration along with emissions from the spent wash and biomass fired boiler. Details of traffic density vis-s-vis impact on the ambient air Details of the use of steam from the boiler. Ground water quality around the unit and molasses storage area Detailed water balance indicating the input and output Noise levels monitoring at five locations within the study area List of flora and fauna in the study area Number of working days of the distillery unit Compliances to ToR Enclosed Given in EIA report as Enclosure-5 Given in EIA Report Chapter2.3 and Table-2.1 Given in EIA Report as Enclosure-8 Given in EIA Report Chapter2.3 and Table-2.1 Given in EIA Report Chapter-8.3 and as Enclosure -2A to 2C Given in EIA Report Chapter9.2.2 (3)
6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Given in EIA Report Chapter9.2.3 Given in EIA Report Chapter4.6 and Table-4.5 Given in EIA report Chapter-8.5 and as Enclosure -4A to 4C Given in EIA report Chapter-5 and Table-5.5A and-5.5B Given in EIA report Chapter-8.4.2 and as Table-8.8 Given in EIA report Chapter-8.8
15 16
330 days (The industry follows evaporation and incineration technology for treatment of spent wash. The industry will not practice composting or land application of spent wash). Details of the spent wash treatment Given in EIA report Chapter-5.5 and Figure-5.2 Proposed effluent treatment system Given in EIA report Chapter-5.4 (A)
Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga 1.4
Introduction
EIA Report
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
and scheme for achieving zero discharge Water drawl permission from the irrigation department/state ground water board Details of solid waste management including management of boiler ash Green development as per the CPCB guidelines Environment Management Plan
and Figure-5.1 Given in EIA report as Enclosure-10 Given in EIA report Chapter 7..2 Given in EIA report Chapter-11.2.6
Given in EIA report Chapter-11and Chapter-12 Measure for rain water harvesting Given in EIA report Chapter-11.2.7 Details of Occupational health Given in EIA report Chapter-11.2.9 surveillance programme Details of Socio-economic welfare Given in EIA report Chapter-11.2.11 activities Post project environmental monitoring Given in EIA report Chapter-10 and Table-10.1 Action plan in the tabular form to the Will be submitted after public hearing issue/suggestions made during the process public hearing along with the implementation plan and allocation of funds
1.5
Introduction
EIA Report
Enclosure - 11 Water drawl permission from the irrigation department/state ground water board
Enclosure 12 Sugar Industries In Karnataka With Out Attached Distillery
1.6
Introduction
EIA Report
A. Sugar Factories In Karnataka (In Co-Operative Sector)

SL: NO. 1 Factory Location / Office Address S.S.K. Niyamit, Alland, Post-Bhusnoor - 585 302 Aland Taluk, Gulbarga District. The Bhadra S.S.k.Niyamit, DODDABATHI - 577 566 Davanagere Taluk & District Shree Bhagyalaxmi S.S.K. Ltd., KHANAPUR - 591 302 Belgaum District. The Bidar S.S.K. Ltd., HALLIKHED S.F.- 585 415 Bidar District. Dakshina Kannada S.S.K. Ltd., BRAHMAVARA - 576 213, P.B.No.5, Udupi District. The Ghataprabha S.S.K. Niyamit, GOKAK - 591 307 Belgaum District. Shri Halasidhanath S.S.K. Ltd, Shankaranandnagar, NIPANI - 591 237 Belgaum District Hemavathy S.S.K. Ltd., SRINIVASAPURA - 573 116, Channarayapatna Tq. Hassan Dist. Telephone No./Fax No./Telegram Address Ph: 08477 -290135 Mobile: 98440 43193 Gram: Ph: 0819 - 291545,6,7,8 Fax: 0819 - 291544 Gram: "BADRASUGAR" Ph: 0831-652209/652971/652482 Fax: 0831-652976 Gram: "LAXMISUGAR" Ph: 0848- 374778, 374427,47 Fax: 0848 - 374427 Gram: "BIDARSUGAR" Bidar Ph: 08252 - 561535/561534/561125 Fax: 08252 - 561895 Gram: "MANGALASUG" Ph: 0831-325218/325355/327952 Fax: 08332 - 325359 Gram: "PRABHASUGAR" Mobile: 98441 52321 Ph: 0831 - 620355/ 622090/621351/621526 Fax: 0831 - 621315 / 621828 Gram: "HALASUGAR" Ph: 08176 70402/70292/70412/70242,3 Fax: 08176 - 70032 Capacity Tonnes cane Crushed per day/Year of First Crush(Sugar Year) 1250 TCD 1988-89 1800 TCD 1977-78 2500 TCD 1996 - 97 3500 TCD 1968-69 1250 TCD 1984 - 85 1250 TCD 1980 1250 TCD 1986-87 1250 TCD 1984 - 85 1250 TCD 1983 - 84 2500 TCD 2001 - 02 Ph: 08355 - 530015 / 530054 Fax: 08355 - 530016 Gram: NANDI SUGAR 2500 TCD 1992-93
Karnataka S.S.K. Ltd., Ph: 08375 - 32388 / 84422 / 84444 Fax: 08375 - 84426 Haveri - 581 110 Sirsi - Haveri Road, Haveri District. Gram: " VARADA SUGAR" The Krishna SSK Ltd., Athani - 591 304 Post: Sankonatti, Belgaum Dist. The Nandi S.S.K.Ltd., KRISHNA NAGAR - 587 117 (Chikkagalagali) Via: Galagali Hosur Post, Bijapur Taluk & District. Naranja SSK Ltd., Imampur (Near Janwada) - 585 403 Taluk & District Bidar The Pandavapura S.S.K. Ltd., PANDAVAPURA - 571 435 RAIBAG - 591 317 Belgaum District Ph: 0831 - 251290 Fax: 0831 - 251684
10
11
12
Ph: 0848 244195/224535 Fax: 0848 244136
2500 TCD 2002 - 03
13
Ph: 08236 - 55322 / 55122, 24, 69 Fax: 08236 - 55118 Email: psskltd@mysore.com Ph: 0831 - 45259 / 45249 Fax: 0831 - 45239
3500 TCD 1959 2500 TCD
14
1.7
Introduction
EIA Report
Gram: "RAYASUGAR" 15 RYATARA S.S.K. Ltd., RANNANAGAR, Mudhol Taluk, Timmapur - 587 122, Bagalkot Dist. Sri Sreerama S.S.K. Ltd., CHUNCHANAKATTE - 571 617 K.R.Nagar Taluk, Mysore District. Vanivilasa Co- Op. Sugar Factory Ltd., HIRIYUR - 572 144, Chitradurga District, Ph: 0835 - 347041,93 / 347104 Fax: 0835 - 347130 Gram: " RANNA SUGAR" Ph: 08223 - 681131, 681134 Fax: Gram: "RAMSUGAR' Ph: 08193 - 27237, 36 Fax: 08193-27344 Gram: "VANI SUGARS'
1978 2500 TCD 1998 - 99 1250 TCD 1979 - 80 1250 TCD 1971 - 72
16
17
B. SUGAR FACTORIES IN KARNATAKA IN PRIVATE SECTOR

SL: NO. Registered / Administrative / Head Office Davangere Sugar Company Ltd., 73/1, P.B.No.-312, Shamanur Road, Davangere - 577504 Ph.: 0819- 222022 /222027 Fax: 0819 - 222028 Email: ssganesh@blr.vsnl.net.in Gangavathi Sugars Ltd., 2nd Floor, Commercial Complex Annexe, Mysugar building, J.C. Road, BANGALORE-560 002. Ph.: 080 - 22225028 Fax: 080 - 22217898 GEM Sugars Limited Hoodi Apartments, NO. 120, Cunningham Road, Bangalore - 560 052 Ph.: 080 - 22202214/15, 22202829 Fax: 080 - 22202299 ICL Sugars Ltd Dhun Building (I floor), 827, Anna Salai, CHENNAI - 600 002. Ph.: 044-28521526/28530668. Fax: 044-28521344 Email: sathian@indiacements.co.in The India Sugars & Refineries Ltd., Bank of Baroda Building, 5th Floor, #12, Mumbai Samachar Marg, Fort, MUMBAI - 400 023 Gram: SAFEDCHINI Ph.: 022 - 22045434 / 35 /22048695 Fax: 022 - 22856631 Capacity, TCD /Year of First Crush(Sugar Year)
Factory Location
Davangere Sugar Company Ltd., kukkuvada - 577 525 Davangere Taluk, Davangere District Ph.: 0819- 201626, 201623, 201624 Fax: 0819 - 201627 Email: dansugar@blr.vsnl.net.in Gangavathi Sugars Ltd., PRAGATINAGAR - 583 268 Koppal Dist. Gram: GANGASUGAR Ph.: 08539 - 76036, 76038, 76107 Fax: 08539 - 76138 GEM Sugars Limited Kundargi - 587 204 Billgi Taluk, Bagalkot Dist. Ph.: 08425 471285/89 Fax: 08425 471289 MB: 98452 36876 Email: gemsugars@mantraonline.com
2500 TCD 1974-75
2500 TCD 1975-76
2500 TCD Commissioned from Feb 14, 2003
ICL Sugars Ltd 2500 TCD Makavalli, K.R. PET.Mandya District-571 426 Ph.: 0823 - 765934,765831,765842 Commissioned Fax: 0823 - 765756 from 02.08.99 Grams: INDSUGAR
The India Sugars & Refineries CHITWADGI - 583 211 Hospet Taluk Bellary Dist. Gram: "SUGARS" Ph.: 08394 - 28845 / 28846 / 28847 Fax: 08394 - 24466 Email: morarka@hotmail.com india_sugars@hotmail.com The Mysore Paper Mills Ltd., P.O.Paper Town, Bhadravathi - 577 302, Shimoga Dist., Telex: 0831 - 219
2000 TCD 1934 - 35
The Mysore Paper Mills Ltd., #16/4, Ali Asker Road, P.B.No.112, BANGALORE - 560 052 Gram: "PAPER MILL''
2500 TCD 1983-84
1.8
Introduction
EIA Report
Ph.: 080 - 22262334 to 37/22266521 Fax: 080 - 22253478 Email: mpmblr@blr.vsnl.net.in 7 Shamanur Sugars Ltd., #374, 4th Main, P.J. Extension, DAVANGERE - 577 002 Ph.: 0819 - 255855 / 255866 Fax: 0819- 257007 /257481 Siruguppa Sugars & Chemicals Ltd., Unit-I, #28/1, Shakespeare Sarani, 11/12, Ganga Jamuna Building, CALCUTTA - 700 017. Ph.: 033- 22472373 / 77, 247 - 6246 Fax: 033 -22401371 M/s. Venkateshwara Power Project Ltd., Regd. Off. Mahadik Pump, Shiroli(P) KOLHAPUR 416 122. Tal. Hatkangale,Dist. Kolhapur. Maharastra State. Ph.: 0230 - 2461002(5lines) Fax: 0230 - 2461006 Email: rajan@bom7vsnl.net.in Jamakhandi Sugar Mills Ltd., Desai Building, Kudchi Road, Jamakhandi - 587 301,. Bagalkot Dist. Ph.: 08353 354163 /354160 Fax: 08353 354081 Nirani Sugars Ltd., No.2/1, 1st floor, 3rd Main, West of Chord Road, Shivanagar, Bangalore - 560 010 Ph.: 080 - 23200997
Ph.: 08282 - 670201 to 8 Fax: 08282 - 670937 Email: mpmbdvt@satyam.net.in Shamanur Sugars Ltd., DUGGAVATHI - 583 137 Harapanahalli Taluk, Davangere Dist. Ph.: 0819- 288151 upto 288160 /288003/288005 Fax: 0819 -288125 Siruguppa Sugars & Chemicals Ltd., DESNAUR - 583 140 Siruguppa Taluk, Bellary Dist Ph.: 08396 - 620439 Fax: 08396 - 620189/620259 Gram : WINSOME - SIRUGUPPA M/s. Venkateshwara Power Project Ltd., Site: A/p. Bedakihal, Chikodi Taluk, Belgaum Dist 411 214. Email: mahadik@mahabusiness.comT TPh.: 0831 - 661057,662457 Fax: 0831 - 662457 Grams: "VENKATESHWARA" Jamakhandi Sugar Mills Ltd., HIREPADASALGI Post, Naganur - 587 301 Jamakhandi Taluk. Bagalkot Dist. Ph.: 08353 54081/54163 Fax: 08353 54163 Nirani Sugars Ltd., Sy.No.166, Kulali Cross, Mudhol - 587 313 Bagalkot Dist. Ph.: 08350 381422, 381142 Fax: 08350 381092 2500 TCD 1998-99
1500 TCD 1973-74
1250 TCD 2001 - 2002
10
2500 TCD 2001 - 02
11
500 TCD 2000-01
1.9

Chapter-III EIA Report

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FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

(Including Environmental & Emergency Management Plan)

EXPANSION OF CO-GEN SUGAR INDUSTRY

M/s Shree Renuka Sugars Limited

8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

5.10 5.11 5.12

5.23 5.25 5.27

Quantities of soild wastes Summary of Meteorological Data near Plant Site

List Of Laboratory Equipments

Daily Meteorological data

Green revolution by Renuka sugars limited

CHAPTER - 4 PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND POLLUTION SOURCES

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

WATER AND WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

GASEOUS EMISSIONS AND APC MEASURES

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTES

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Taluk Afzalpur Javaragi Gulbarga Sindagi Indi Total

Average cane Yield/Acre (MT) 30 28 25 30 30 29

Expected production (MT) 495000 378000 375000 360000 450000 2088000

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Table-1.1 Salient Features of the Industry Sl. No. 1 Feature Particulars

Constitution 3 4 5 Date of incorporation Date of commissioning Working days per year

Main raw material Man power industry

Power requirement Water requirement source Source Total Quantity Gardening

Investment on EMP Project investment

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Figure-1.1 Location of Industry in District Map of Gulbarga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Mr. Sanjay K. Asher

Director Director Director Director Director Director Director Director

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

TERMS OF REFERENCES (ToR) FROM MoEF FOR EIA STUDY

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga

Shree Renuka Sugars Limited, Havalga