.. , .. , ..

2007

 617.5
54.5
43
:
, - ,
, ,
. . .. ;
; ; 7
- 600 .
, ,

. . .. ; 200 .
, ,
1 . .. ;
100 .
43

.., .., ..
. .:
, 2007. 264 : .
ISBN 5-89481-530-4
,
, .
.
.
.
,
, ,
,
, . (
25 ) .
.
, , , ,
, .

.., ..,
.., 2007
.
, 2007

1.

1.1.

8
8

1.2.

14

1.3.

20

1.4.

42

2.

57

2.1.

57

2.2.

60

3.

90

3.1.

90

3.2.

91

3.3.

92

3.4.

99

4.

4.1.

115
115

4.2.

5.

124
129

5.1.

129

5.2.

133

5.3.

138

5.4.

141

6.

146

7.
-

157

7.1.

157

7.2.
-

164

8.

168

8.1.

168

8.2.

170

9.

184

10.

195

10.1. -

196

10.2. -

200

10.3. -

204

10.4.

209

10.5.

217

11.

221

12.

229

236

. . ..
40- ,
, .
,
. ,
. , -,
70- , , -,

. ,
, ,
, . .
, ,
. ,
, 10

, ,
. , 90%
.
.
,

,
.
,
.

, , ,
3-D .

, ,
.

,
.
,
. , .

.
,
25 . ,
,
.
,
-, ,
.

1.1.

, 14
,

(. 1.1).

. 1.1.
, ,
: , , , -

1.

(. 1.2).
, .
. ,
, .

. 1.2.

. -,
, . -,
,
, , .
.

, ,
, , . ,
,
(. 1.1).
1.1

()

( )

IV

( )

1 IV
II III

10

. 1.1

()

III

(
)

II

(
)

( )

(. 1.3).

. 1.3.

.
,
.
, ,
.

. ,
.

 1.

II

,
. 1.4. ,
,
.

. 1.4.

,
(), (. 1.5).
(), ( ).
, , ,
.
( )
(. 1.5).
:
,
, .

.
,
,
.

12

. 1.5. :
/ ; 2 ; 3 ; 4
; 5 ; 6

, .

, .
,
.
(. . 1.2)
(. 1.4),
.
1.2.

( macula densa)

 1.

13

,
,
(. . 1.4). , ,
macula densa (
). macula densa
. ,
.
Macula densa
,
.
(. 1.4). :
1- ,
, ;
2- ;
3- macula densa.
, .
. Macula
densa
.
.


.

.
,
.
,
,
.
.

. ,
. ,
,
.
,

, ,
, .

14

, .
20% , , . , .
, ,
.
,
.
,
.
.

, .

, vasa
recta .
.
,
.
. ,
. .

, .
.
,
.
, , ,
.

1.2.


.
XII
, I II .
, , .
XI , XII
,
XI , XII . -

 1.

15

I (
I II ).
,
, .
.
11 14 , 68 , 35 .
,
.
, , . . (
), ().
,
, , ,
, .
.
,
,
.
, ,
fascia prae- retrorenalis.
, fascia retrorenalis,
, ,
.
, , XII .

, -
.
,
,
.
.
, ,

.
, ,
XII , I II
. ,

.
, ,
III
(. 1.6).
.
,

16

.
.
: ,
, . ,
: (. . 1.3).
,
, ,
(. 1.6).
.

. 1.6.

,
( .., 1976).
.
,
. -
.
.
,
.
,
.
I
, 0,3%
.
,
,
IVV ,
. 1315 .
, -

 1.

17

, .
,
. ,
.
.
(. 1.7):
1. ,

.
2. , , 4

- ,
.
3.
,
.

. 1.7. :
1 , 2 ,
3
(. 1.8):
1. ,
(1,01,5 ) XII

18

I ,
, .
2. ,
I , , -
,
,
, .
3. () ,

.
4. ,
I I II
,

.
5. (),
,
.
6. , -
III
.

. 1.8.
:
7 ; 2
,
3
, 4 ;
5 ; 6

 1.

19

. V
. ,
30 60.
12 , 57 .

; (. 1.9).
(. 1.10).
,
().

. 1.9.
( )
:
. ,
. , ,

,

20

. 1.10.
, ,

,
.

1.3.
,
, .
.
:
;
;
;
- ;
;
;
();
;
- ;
;
.
:
;
- ( );
- ;
;
;
;

 1.

21

;
.
, ,
.

B.J.A.Marfan 1896 . 0,04:1000
( . , 1987). , - .
, -
(60%), , , (1020%)
(Dietz H.C. et al. 1991).
: , ,
, , , , ,
, , .
.
, 50 ,
15- (Pyeritz R.E., 1990). Sakai
L.Y. et al. (1986) ,
, . Hollister D.W.
et al. (1990),
. 5 15 , , 15-
(Lee ., et al., 1991).
; 239- (Dietz
.. et al. 1991).

.

. ,
- ,
, .
-
. , ,
, .
,
,
. ,
.


, , (

22

.., B.C., 1967; .., .., .. 1984;

Dean R.H. et al., 1997).
,
.
284(9,1 %) ,
97,4 % .

, - ()
- () 8199% ( .., B.C.
1968; .., .., 1974; .., 1979).
.

61,387,5% (Morris G.. etal. 1961; Dean
R.H. et al.,1981; Hansen K.H. et al., 1992).
, . . ;
. ,
.

, :
;
;
,
, ;
, .
-
, , , ,
.
, .
, ,
- , ,
. ,
.
, . , , ,
.
,
.
.
, ,
( )

 1.

23

.
, ,
,
.
,
, . . .
,
.
:
,
, , .

, .

:
;
;
;
;
;
.
,

. : 1)
,
, ()
; 2) ,
,
-, ,
; 3) ,
,
. , ,
,
.
()
.
,
, . ,
, (), -,
, .

24

,
.
.
,
. .

,
,
.

, ,
vasa vasorum.
,
, .
,
, , .
, vasa vasorum, a
, .
,
. ,
,
, .
. ,
,
,
.
, . , , ,
.
,
, .

, . , ,
.

. .

.
.

, ,
.

 1.

25

, (,
, ) (,
, ).
,
.

: ,

.

.

, .
,
,
. ,
, .

.
,
,
.
,
.
.
,

, .
.
,
.

. ,
, ,
,
.

.

. , -

26

.
.
.
,
. , ,

(Armstrong ML, Warner ED, Conner WE, 1970; Amtzenius AC, et al. 1985).
, ,
.
,
, , , , ,
,
, .

,
(Barrett AM, Thorp JM. 1968.).

.

(Benditt 1977.). ,

(Bierenbaum MI,
Fleischman AI, Raichelson RI, et al.1973),
. , ,
(Blankenhom DH,
1981; Blankenhom DH et al. 1987). ,

(Bomberger R.A., Zarins .., Glagov S., 1981),
.

,
(Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance
Group, 1974).

,
.


(, II)
, (, -

 1.

27

).

(Burch JW, Stanford N, Majeruo PW, 1978).
,
, ,
,
, , (Canadian Cooperative Study
Groups, 1978.). ,
, ,
, .

.
,
.
, ,
,
,
,
.

,

.
.
, ,
.
,

.

.
.
,
, .

.
(Carew ..
etal., 1976.).

- .

28

.
, .

.
.


, .

,
(. 1.11).

.
, . , ,
,
, . , -
,

(. 1.12) (Clark JM, Glagov S, 1985.).

. 1.11. :
,
( );
;
; F

( Zarins Ch.K. Glagov S., 1996)

, ,
, , -

 1.

29

(Fischer G.M, et al. 1966.)-

, ,
.
,
,
,
, (Cornfield J.
1962.).
.

(Davis HR et al. 1984).

. 1.12. :
() ,
.

. ,
(); ()
(F) , (
Zarins Ch.K. Glagov S., 1996)
,
, ,
, ,
(Lyon RT, Zarins CK, Glagov S:, 1985). ,
, .
-
, vasa vasorum , ,

30

, ,
. .
,
, , .

(Wolinski H., Glagov S., 1964).

.
.

,
.
.
,
,

.
-
20 34% ,
.
. De Camp
Burchall 1938 . (Leadbetter WF, Burkland CE,1938).

, ,
.
.
, ,
, , . .
.
.
(Starr D.S., Lawrie G.M., Morris G.C., 1980,
Stanley JC, Fry WJ, 1981).
,
, .
, -, .
, ,
,
.
, 94% .
.
, ,
, .

 1.

31

- .
,
. , McCormack L. (1961) .

,
.
:
;
;
;
(Stanley J.. et al.,1975).

.
, .
.
, ,
( -, ),
, .
(Finley J.L.,
Dabbs D.J., 1988; Iwai . et al., 1985; Rosenberger A., Adier O., Lichtig H., 1976).
,
- .
, , ,
(Luscher T.F. et al., 1986; Luscher T.F. et al., 1987).
(Stanley J., 1979, 1984).
.

. 5 % ,
,
.
.

.
, ,
. .
.
-
(Wright I., 1964.).

32

.
.

.
. , ,
.
.
. ,
(Stewart DR et al., 1973).
-
(Dornfeld L., Kaufman J.J., 1975).
,
,
(Meaney T.F., Dustan H.F., McCormack L.J., 1968).
,
. .

, (Corrin
L.S., Sandok B.A., Houser O.W., 1981).
.

40 60 . 1% .

. ,

.
.
,
.
85%
. 90% .
3550 .
,
,
.

, .
.
, -

 1.

33

(Park S.H., Chi J.G., Choi Y., 1990).

, .
, ,
, 25% .
,
(Goncharenko V. ., 1981). 1266 %
(Mehigan JT, Stoney
RJ, 1977; Sheps SG, Kincaid OW, Hunt JC, 1972; Stanley JC, Fry WJ, 1975).

.
Ekelund L . (1978),
18% .
(Nemeek AA, Hoimburg , 1986).
.
, - (
). ,
( ).
.
,
.

. ,
.
,
.

, .
,
.
.
,
, .

.

.
.
. .
.

34

, .
,
.
,
10% .
. 4055 .
,
.

.
.
.
.
, -
, ,
.

,
, .
-, Takayasu
- .
.
,
(Shelhamer J.H. et al., 1985; Hall S.,
Buchbinder R., 1990). , ,
(McKusick V.A., 1962; Judge R.D. et al., 1962;.
Nakao K. et al., 1967; Vinijchaikul K., 1967; Hachiya J.;1970; Lupi-Herrera E. et al.,
1977; A.B. , 1979; Ishikawa K., 1978; Hall S. et al., 1985).
3000 HAA (Tanigawa . et al., 1992).
, 2,6 1 ,
- 6,4 (Nasu . 1975; Procter C D . , Hollier L.H. 1992).
1835 . Schltsinger
. 1856 . Savory
. 1884 . ..
. 1908 .,
Takayasu 12-
.
.
. -

 1.

35

(Lande A., Berkmen Y.M., 1976).

.
60%
. (Kinare S.G., 1970).
,
.

50 % ( .., 1979).
(Hall S. et al.,
1985; ShelhamerJ.H. etal., 1985; Hall S., Buchbinder R., 1990; Procter C D . , Hollier
L.H., 1992).
(Isohisa 1., et al., 1978; Naito S. et al., 1978; Sasazuki T. et al., 1979; Volkman D.J.,
Mann D.L., Fauci A.S.,1982; Numano F et al., 1979).
, ,
.
.

, , .
,
.
, ,
.
. ,
, .
HLA-D (keuchi Y. et al., 1990) . ,
HLA-DRI (Khraisis
.. etal., 1992).


(Ishikawa ., 1978).
40 ,
(Morales E, Pineda , Martinez-Lavin M., 1991).
.
(Strachan R.W., 1964; Lie J.., 1987).
3 : ,
(Volkman D.J., Fauci A.S., 1983).
, .

. -
, , ,
. , -

36

( ).
,
,
.
.
. ,
,
. .. (1974)

.
.
,
, (Lande A, Gross A, 1972).
, .
I . II
,
. 1 II
III .
IV (Lupi-Herrera E., 1977).
III (Procter C D . , Hollier L.H., 1992;
Lupi-Herrera E., 1977).
, ,
, .
, , , , ,
, (Ishikawa ., 1978; Hall S. et al.,
1985; Shelhamef J.H. etal., 1985; Hall S., Buchbinder R 1990).
,
, , , ,
, , ,
.
,
- .

.
,
(Panja M. et al., 1992).
. ,
(Amano J., Suzuki A., 1991; Panja M. et al., 1992).
,
,
(Lupi E. etal., 1975; Haas A., Stiehm E.R., 1986).

(Urnehara I. et al., 1991).

 1.

37

- . ,

(Lagneau P., et al., 1987; Mussaume . et al., 1990).

, ,

.
(Hall S. al, 1985).

16% (Frances . et al., 1990).
, (Hellmann D.B. et
al.,1987; Koumi S. et al., 1990).
, (Hall S.,
Nelson A.M., 1986; Achar K.N.,1986; Rose C D . et al.,1990).

. ,
.

.
,
(Nasu ., 1963).
, ,
,
.

.

,
(Lie J., 1987).
( .., 1998; Lagneau
P., Michel J.B., Vuong P.N., 1987).

, .

,

.
,

, , .
,
, , , ,

38

, . , ,
, , .
, .
, .
,
. ,
.
-
.

. ,

. ,
,
.
,
.
.
.
.
- : .
,
300 ..
.
.
,
, .
, ,
, . .
. ,
.
, .
.
, , ,

. , -

, .

, .
, , , -

 1.

39

.
,
,
.

.
, . ,
,
. .
. ,
,
.
. ,
.
,
, -
. ,
.
, .
, ,
, , , , .
.
,

.
.
, ,
(Kaufman J.J., Maxwell M.H., 1963; .., 1974;
.., .., 1975; . , 1999).
,
, ,
.
,
-
, (
.., 1972; .. . 1996). ,
, . ,
, ,

. , 0,5
8
, 4

40

.
,


, -

.



.
. 1.13.



.

-,

,

,

.
- ,

,

,

(. 1.13).
. 1. 14.

.
, .
,
, (. 1.14).
,
,

.

 1.

41

1.4.
,
, .

( .. .,
1995). ,
(, ,
) .

. Goldblatt (1934),
,
.
, ,
. Bright 1827 . 1898 . R. Tigerstedt P. Bergman
.
,
.

, . ,
, ,
(), J. Ruyter 1925 .
N. Goormaghtigh (1939)
.
1940 . J. Page, . Braun-Menendez . ,
,
, . 1958 .
. ,
, - ,
,
.
.
, 45.000,
(Heckenthal E., Nobling R.,
1994). ,
,
( , ).
,
. ,
, ,
(Inagami . 1993).
.

. , .Goldblatt

42

,
. 47,3%

.
1960 . L. Tobian ,
. ..
. (1967),
, , ,
,
(macula densa), , , .
,
.
macula densa.

, . .
.

. ,
(Bockl H.A. et al. 1992).
, -I, , .
.


-I
- (. 1. 15). - (
) ,
,
. 2 : .
,
-I -
(Erdos E.G., 1990; Skritgel R.A., Erdos
E.G., 1993).

,
, -,
(Dzau V.J., Burt D.W., Pratt R.E. 1988).
, , ,
, , ,
,
(GanongW.F, 1984; Baker K.M., Booz G.W., Dostal D.E. 1992).

 1.

43

, ..
, ,
(Cederholm . et al., 1988).
(Bunnemann ., Fuxe .,
Gantren D., 1992).
,
. ,
-, , . .,
,
. -, ,
, . , ,
, ,
(Re R.N., 1984).
-11, ,
.
-.
: ATI, AT2, , 4.
(-)
(De Gasparo M. et al.,
1995; Guntrie G.P.Jr., 1995).
-, ,
,
. ,
,
, , -11,
, .
(Murphy T.J., et al. 1993).
,
-,
, , , G, , ( ..,
.., 1993).
-
- -IV,
( .. ., 1997).
-
( ..,
.., .., 1984).
-
. ,
,
, (Smith W.L.,

44

1992). , , .
-
, -- .
,
- ,
, ,
, , (Simonson M.S., Dunn
M.J. 1993).
, ,
.
.
, , .
,
- .
,
, .
,
. - ,
, ,
(Briggs J.P. Schermann J., 1987).
,

, - . .
, ,
.
,
.
-
.
( X. ., 1978).
,
.
, ,

.

 1.

45

, .
- ,

, ,
,
(Sakemi ., Baba N., 1993).
, ,
. ,
. ,
, , , ,
,
(DeBoldAJ., 1987).

, . ,

( )
.
-, - - ,
.
-
, . .
. ,
- ( ..,
.., 1993).
,
, ,
,
. ,

,
.
-
.

,
.
,

46

.
( )
.
( .., 1978).
,
,
.

,
-- .
,

.

, . ,

,

(Scicli A.G., Carretero O.A., 1986).
,

.
,



( ).
,

,
( ).
,
- , - .
.
(Lindpaintner ., Ganten D., 1991). ,

,
,
.
, . -

 1.

47

,

, ,
.

- ( .., 1978).

. , -,

. ,
, ,
. ,

, .
, ,

,
, . .
.
, , ,

- .

.
.
,
. (3- (Keeton .., Cfmpbell W.B., 1980).

, .

(Hackenthal E., Nobiling R., 1994).
-
,
. ,


.

,
.

48

-- .
,
.

,
,
,
,
..
--
.
, ,
,
.

. , (3- (
) ,
( ), ( .., 1978).

.
.
,

( , ).

.
,
,
.
.

,
.
, , ,
, .
.
,
, ,
25 ,
, 20 ,

 1.

49

.

. .
, .
: 1)
(, , , . .); 2) ; 3)
,
; 4) ,
; 5)
( .., 1997).

.

7580 .. 170180 ..,
80 .., 40 .,
-
100 ..,
4050 160170
. .
, , -, -
,
.
.
,
( .., .., .., 1994).

, .
,
( .. ., 1990; Luscher Th. F., et al., 1993).
.
, ,
,
( .., 1997). -I
.

,
-,

50

(Fortes Z.B., 1989; Masaki ., 1989). -1

. ,
, ,
. -1 ,
.
, -1 (Baydouh A.R., et al., 1989; Masaki ., 1989).
1943 . A. Grollman ,
, , .
: , , , ,
A. Grollman.
, ,
(Pickering G., 1961).

, ,
,
-
. ,
(,
),
, .
.

, PGE2 PGI2
(). , PGE2,
(Vander A.J., 2000).
,
-
(Smith W.L., 1992).
:
, , ,
.
, ,
-.
,
,
( .., , .., 1984).

,

. -

 1.

51

, , ..
.
-
. , .
: .
,
. ,
, .
, .
, , ,
. ,
, ,
.
, .

-
. -,
. -, ,
, , ,

-
( .., .., .., 1984).

. ,
(Ludwig G at al. 1986).
, , .

, (Kotchen T.A. et al., 1987).
-,
. -
(Gibnbons G.N. et al. 1984).
,
.
, , ,
.
, .
, , -
, .
, -
.

52

, , . ,
, , ,
, . ,

.
,
, .

.
, ,

.
,

,
,
.
, 3 .
(Warren J. et al., 1951).

.

.
.
50 . .,
. .

. , ,
.
,

( .., 1973).
,

.
,
.

. , ( 70%)

 1.

53

.
. Goldblatt. ,
,

. 12
,
,
(Ledinghana J., 1964; Coleman T. etal., 1969; Guyton A. etal., 1975).
,
.
,

. ,

,
. , ,
.
,

( . ., 1965).
,

. ,
-

( . ., 1974; Frohlich
Y. etal., 1973).
,


.
,
- ,
,
, ,
. , ,
, ,
.
,
.

-

54

.
.

.
, . .
, -
.

.


II .

.

.

, . . ,
.
,
(Garvas H., Brunner H., 1973).

,
, .
. ,

-- ,
. ,
, .
,
,
.
-, . .
.

,
.
,

.
, .

 1.

55

, . .
.
. , ,
, .

, , 53,6%
( .., 1990).

, .
,
.
-- - ( 1 ).
- (13 ).

.
3
.
,
(35, 39, 41,
57, 58, 59, 62, 65, 66).
, , .
,
, , .
,
,
,
.
,
, ,
(. 1.15).

.

56

(2 )

. 1.15. -

2 . 1 .
. . ..
2389 .

. ,

.
,
, .
, .

:
,
(IV
);
,
30 . . ,
( 23 . ./)
;
I
, ;
23
;
60 -
, -

58

, ,
, , .

: ,
.
(51,2%)
, 220 . .

.
(44,1%)
220 . .
, ,
, 3 220
. .
.
, -,
, , , .
(4,7 %)

220300
. . . :
.

. 100110 .
.
, . 2.1.

.2.1.

 2.

59

,
- .
.
.
, -
(.2.2.). 62 (2,6%)
, 14 , 4 .

. 2.2.

,
.
. , , ,

.
.
.
(68,7%).

(. 2.3). ,
- , (62,9%
37,1%).

(19,1 %).

(57,6 %). ,
36 25

60

. 2.3. , ,

, 57
XII .
. ,

, ,
.
,

( 25%).
-
,
( .., .., 2000).

(, ),
,
.
.

. -
.
,

.

2.2.

. , -

 2.

61

,

.
,
, , ,
,
(EyierW.R. etal., 1962; Holley K.E.,etal. 1964; Hansen K.J., Dean R.H.,
2000).

(Dustan H.P. et al., 1964). ,

.
,
,
,
. ,
,
. ,
,
(Simon N. et al., 1972).

.
, ,
.
,
.
.

.
-
,
( .., .., 1984; Rosental J., 1983).
,
.
, ,
.
,
, , ,
. ( .., , 1979; Sauda L., 1982).

62

-

, 10.00 22.00.
92
180/120 .. 59 (64,1%)
17,25+4,34 //. 67 (72,8%)
1,5,

.
,

.

, - , , .
.

(. 2.4.) :
1- ;
2-
;
3-




.
,



.


:
. 2.4.

 2.

63

13 , 1550 ,
2,0 .

. .. Maxwell . (1964),


,
89% .
,
,

,
(- ).

1952 . . Oeser . Bilion ,

|311-.

(Winter ., 1956) 13lI-urokon (Taplin G.V. et al., 1956)
. .. Winter (1956) ,
,
. 1956 . R.R.M. Borghgraef and R.F. Pitts chlormerodrin l-(3(chlromercuri)-2-methoxypropyl)-urea Neohydrin 203Hg (
47,9 , - 279 Kev,
(-). 12
( )
. 203-
(Blau M., Bender M.A., 1959).
197
1963 . D.B. Sodee Hg (
2,7 , - 77 Kev),

. ,
()
|3|
1- (Tubis M. et al., 1960, Nordyke R.A. et al., 1960).
|31
1- .
, 92 %
13|1-
(Meade R.C. et al., 1965, Tauxe W.N., Maher P..,

"
64

1965). |3'1-,
(Smith W.W. and Smith H.W., 1938),
. , ,
,
, ,
, , , .

, , ,
,
.
(McAfee J.H. et al., 1981)
.
, |3 '1
, , " . "-
(99mTc-MAG3) (Fritzberg A.R. et al., 1986, Taylor A., Eshima D., 1988; Schaap
G.H. et al., 1988; Bubeck B. et al, 1990). , "mTc-MAG3
5065% ,3'1-.
"mTc-MAG3
(Taylor .. et al., 1988, Bagni . et
al., 1988; Muller-Suur R. et al., 1990).
(Stabin M. et al., 1992)
, "mTc-MAG3
|3|1- .
, 1311- |231-,
-
| 2 3 1. , | 2 3 1,

|23
1-.

.

. ,

(Alving A.S. and Miller B.F., 1940).
60- . , : 51-
ll3m
(EDTA, Stacy B.D. and Thorburn G.D., 1966), ln- l69
(DTPA, Reva R.C. et al., 1968), Yb-DTPA (Hosain F. et al., 1969),
l4(l
La-DTPA (Bianchi C, Blaufox M.D., 1968).
1970- . W. Hauser (1970), W.C. Eckelman, P. Richards
(1970), Klopper J.F et al. (1971), "mTc-DTPA,
.

 2.

65

1311-
. ,
. , "mTc-DTPA
, ,
. ,
1- " MAG3. A. Taylor (1999)
"mTc-MAG3.
, ,

( .., .., 1964; Maxwall M.N. et al., 1968; Britton K.F. et al.,
1968; OB .. ., 1977). . . . (1997) 1530%
,
. .. .. (1998),
,
(13'1-, |231- 99mTc-MAG3) ("mTc-DTPA)
: 7485% 7085%, (Mann S. et al., 1991; Morton
. et al., 1991).
(. 2.5, 2.6).

. 2.5. (
)

66

. 2.6. 1- (
)
- ( ),
.
.. (1994)
7180%
( ) 9093% ( 25 per os).

(MainiA. et al., 2000).
,
. ,
- (
) ,
(Taylor ., 1999).
,
.
(Dubovsky E.V. et al., 1975; Hilson
A.J. et al., 1978) ,
|3
"mTc-MAG3 - "mTc-DTPA (Dubovsky E.V. et al., 1990).

,
(Ojo A.O. et al., 1997),
.

 2.

67

,
,
. .

, ,

. , ,

.
60% .
,
.
.
.

,
,
.

34 .

, .
57 .

(
.., 1990; .., ..,1998).


, .

.

( 2/3 )

.

( ),
( ) (
) (.
2.7, 2.8, 2.9).

68

. 2.7. .

. 2.8. .
.
. 2.1.


1,8 /

3,5. -

 2.

69

. 2.9. .


.


.
2.1

( .., .., 2001)

Vs (/)

Vd (/)

Vm (/)

Ri

Pi

S/D

0,8-1,2

0,30-0,35

0,45-0,55

0,65-0,7

1,1-1,2

2,6-3,3

0,5

0,2+0,01

0,3+0,01

0,59+0,02 0,98+0,07

2, 55+0,3

0,31

0,140,03

0,17+0,02

0,6+0,03

1,02+0,1

2,61+0,19

0,21

0,09+0,01

0,11+0,01

0,6+0,03

0,95+0,04

2,4+0,1

: Vs , Vd
, Vm , Ri , Pi
, S/D .

70

,
9
. ,

85 100%, 90 99% (SchwerkW.B. etal., 1994; Helenon
. et al., 1995; Rollin O.C. et al., 1994).
20%.
63%.
20% , 80%
( .. , 1995).

.

.
,
,
.

.
, ,

.

.
.
, , ,
, .
,
.
,
7501000 . 750

80 ./.
100140 /.
10
- ,
50100 .
-
, -

 2.

71

.
, .

.
, ,
. -

.
,

. . (, )
(, , .)
300350 / (6070%).
,
,
,
(Katayama H., et al., 1990; Palmer F.J., 1988.).

, - ,

. ,
, (
),
(Fishman E.K., 1996).

,
(
.. ., 1997; Kim . et al., 1998).
, ,
.

(1520 ),
. ,

.
,
.


.

.

72

.
.
80160
300 350 /
(60 70%).
.
, , 20
50 . .
(. 2.10.):
1- () -
50 ;
2- 1

;
3- -
10 2
.

. 2.10.
( .. .., 1998)

- :
, , .
,

 2.

73

. .
.
2050 .
,
.
, ,
.

,
.
35 / 1820G.


. : (), (),
(), ,
, (), ,
, .

23 . 520
. 20 .
2550%
.

; z
(11,5). -
,
.


.
,
,
.
, .
.
, ,
.
,

.
2030 23 /
.

74

.

,
.

. , 30- ,
3 /, 90 .


100130 .
,
.

.
,
, .


. 300350
/
3,54,0 /
.
250350 ,

. 400 ,
.

, . -

.
.
300500 ,
.
.
-

.
,

. ,
.
,
,
.

 2.

75

,
,
. .
(
, .).

, .

.
(. 2.11).

(
.., .., 1998).

. 2.11. ( )

(,
).
.

76

-
- ()
- ()
( .. ., 1994; .., .., .., 1996.; Edelman R.R., 1993).
80- . (Pavone E., Bongardz G., Marchal G., 1993),

.

( + , Na 23 , 13, 3 ' .)
.
. ,
,
.
.
, ,
, .. . ,
.
, ,
, ,
,
,
, .

. ,
, ,
1 2 . 1 -

, 2 -,
.

: -, -
.
, Tl, T
2 .
-
1981 . -
.

.
- ,
- , -

 2.

77

.

(. 2.12).
-
,
( .., 1995).

. 2.12. - ,

,
. ,
,
( ., 1996; Lanser P.,
Yoganathan .., 1991; Pavone E Bongardz G., Marchal G., 1993). 1-, T2-
- ,
.
- , ,

. -
,

100 , ( 2040 ),
(1 12 )
( 2060).
,

.
. ,
,
( .. ., 2000; .., 1995).
,
, -

78

- ( ., 1993;
Lanser P., Yoganathan . ., 1991). .

. -
.

.
,
, .
,

. ,
. , , ,
, .

, . ,
, .
, ,
, .

,
.
,
( .. ., 2000).

,
. , ,
.
.

.
.
, . -

.
, .
,
.

, ,
( .., .., .., 1996).

 2.

79

, .
- ,
, ,
.
. , ,
.

. ,
,
- .
- ,
( .. ., 2000).
,

.
- -
, ,
. .
(<5060%)
, .
, .
.
(Gd-DTPA Gd-DTPA-BMA),
.

.
-
() , .

.

. 23
12 / 20
. 2030 1000
(
R-R)
. ,

. (3040 )
, ,
.

80

,


. -
, ,
.
,
(Casolo G.G., 1993; Higgins ., Kaufman L., Crooks
L.E., 1985).

, , --
, .
, ,

. , ,
-
.

, ,
.
2030 , ..
.
, ,
( ).
.

.
.
,
.
- , ,
.
,
. ,
, , .


.

. -

 2.

81

. ,
,
.
.
-
-
, .
, -

.
.
.
- -

,
, .
-
.

, ,
Doss (1948) , ,
, ,
( B.C., 1974).

. ,
(92,3 98,7 %)
, - -.
, , .
(, ) , ,
, .
,
, ( ) (NHLBI Workshop on
Renovascular Disease, 1984).

. 50
.
. (Stanley J., Whitehouse W.M., 1984; Webb J.A., Talner
L.B., 1979). , , ,

82

3343% . .
,
,
(NHLBI Workshop on Renovascular Disease 1984).

(Hillman B.J., 1983). ,

.


,
(Novick A.C., 1981; Stewart B.H. et al., 1970).
, ,
,
.

. ,
, , ,
.
.
-
,
, .
3:1 , , (
43,768,2 %) 2040 (Chuang V.P.,
Ernst ., 1985; Hunt J., et al., 1972). -
, 50 (
.., .., 1985; Stewart B.H., et al., 1970; Ekelund L., et al., 1978).
5 % - (NHLBI Workshop on Renovascular Disease, 1984).

,
.
-
,
, , .

- (85 %) (NHLBI Workshop on
Renovascular Disease, 1984).
. -

 2.

83

,
.
,
,
(Hillman B.J., 1983).

, .

(Chuang V.P., Ernst ., 1985).
, .

13 , (Hillman
B.J., 1983).
40 (Meaney T.F., Baghery S.A., 1982).
- 10 %
, - (NHLBI Workshop on Renovascular Disease, 1984).
30 (Meaney T.F., Baghery S.A., 1982).
.
, , ,
.
,
,
(Hillman B.J., 1983). ,
, (Meaney T.F., Baghery S.A.S.,
1982). -

, (Chuang V.P., Ernst
., 1985).
, - ,
. ,
, - ,
. .
,
, -
, ,

.

.
-
,
;

84

. ,
( ).

.
( .., 2005; Lagneau P., Michel J.., Vuong P.N.,
1987).
-
.
,
, , .

.

, , ,
,
(. 2.13).
,
,
. ,
, ,

,

.


.


.
,
.

.
.
.
,

 2.

85

. 2.13. :
; ,
, , ,
, ,

.

, ,
.

.
,
, -

86

- ,
. ,
,
. ,
,
. ,
,
,
,
.
,
.
,

.
, - ,
,

. ,
, .
,
, ,

.
,

.
,
, ,
.
, ,

.
(
),
.
,
,
.

,

 2.

87

,
8387 %. 520 %

(Havey R.J. et al., 1985; Roccatello D. et
al., 1992; Smith C.W. et al., 1982; Harrington D.P. et al., 1983; Cark R.A. et al., 1983;
DeSomer F.M. et al., 1984; Jackson B. et al., 1985; Buonocore E. et al.,. 1981)
,
.

, ,
.
,
.

. , -


13 .
.
,
, , .

.
, ,
- .

. , A.Kolin (1936),
,
, , ,
(. 2.14).

, ,
.
.
. ( .., ..,
2
1972) , 1
3,39 / .
( Hunt).
.
(
.., 1998).

88

. 2.14.
:
;


,
.

.

.
,
, - -

.

- -
.

.
, -

 2.

89

, ,
( )
.

,
- , .
, .
,
(
).
:
1. ,
50 .
2. , ,
.
3.
.
4.
.
5.
.
6. - .
7.
.
8. ,
, .


.
,
.

,
, -
- .
- -

(,
). -
.

3.1.

.

50 %
,
.


.

.

, .
.
,
:
1) ;
2) ;
3) ;
4) ;
5)
( , ).


,
. , ,
, - -

 3.

91

, ,

, .
,
, , ,
, .
,
,
.
,
,
, .

, ,
( )
,
.
,
,
.

- , ,
.
( ), , , , .
-
,
, .

,
.

3.2.

,
.

.

,

92

,

.


,
, (. 3.1).
3.1

+
+

+
+

+
+

+
+

+
+

+
+

: - ;

.

.
.
-
.

. .



.

3.3.

:
.
.

 3.

93

.
,
.
, ,
.
, .

.

60
.
, .
10
(.3.1).

. 3.1.

, ,
.
.

.
.

, . ,
.
. , ,
(. 3.1),
.
, . -

94

,
.

. .
.
13
.
. , ,
.
,

.
( ).

.
. XI

. 3.2. :
;

 3.

95

(.
. 3.1)
.
. .

.
(. . 3.1).
.
.
, ,
, ,
.
(. 3.2. ).

(. 3.2. ). , .
. -
,
.
.
,
.
, ,
.
, .
(. 3.3, ).

, .
.
, .. , .
,
.
,
.
, . ,
, , ,
.

, .
.
, .
(. 3.3, .).

96

. 3.3. :
1 ; 2 ;
3

 3.

97

-
.
,
()
(). ,
.
- ,
. ,
. .
,
, .
.
.

, .

.
,
.
,
.
. .

, .
,
. ,
12
(. 3.4).
.

.
- ,
.
.
, , . .
23 ,

, .

.
.
(. 3.5).

98

. 3.4.

. 3.5. ( ): 1 , 2 , 3

 3.

99

.
,
.

3.4.

.
.
.
.
.

.
,
.
1 1,5 .
.
.
1 .
.
,
, .
, , 2/3. ,
1 , .
2025 810 (. 3.6, ).

.
.
.

.
. ,
(. 3.6,
). ,
, .
, ,
, ,
.

, ,
, .

100

.
.
(. 3.6, ).

- 6/0 7/0
.
.
4/0 (. 3.6,
). , .

. 3.6. :
, ;
;
,

 3.

101

.
.
, (. 3.3, 3.4).
.
.
.

(. 3.7). ,
.
,
.

. 3.7.
:
;
5000 .

(. 3.8, ).

(. 3.8, ).

(. 3.8, ).
. ,
,
.

102

, .
,
.
.
(),
.
5/0 16 (. 3.8, ).

. 3.8.
:
;
,
,
-
.
, , ,

 3.

103

( ), ,
.
,
68 .
6/0
5/0 13 16 , 5/0 ()
4/0 ( ).
.
(. 3.9)

, .. .
.

. 1015


.
, , .
,
. , ,
, .
.

. 3.9. :
;

104

(. 3.9, ).

.
(2500 250 ).

(. 3.10, )
(. 3.10, )

.
.
-
.
.

. 3.10. :
;

, ,

.
.
,
.
,

.

 3.

105

5
.
.

.

.
35
. 5/0 13
17 .
,
.
.
, , -

. 3.11.
:
; ,
, ;
;

106

. ,
.
35 , 12 .
23 (. 3.11. , ). ,

. ,
(. 3.11, , ).
,
.
.

.
.

,
.

, (
) ( ).
()
.
, .

. 3.12.
:
;
; ;
;

 3.

107

.
.

. ,
,
(. 3.12, ). 6/0 13
. .
-
(. 3.12, ).
,
, (3.12, ).
(3.12, ,).

, .
, (
).
,
.
,
, .

. ,
.
.
,

, .

.
, ,
.

. , 1 , 1,5 ,
.
,
.
Gore-Tex CV-6,
.
.

, .

108

. ,
, .
, ,
.

, .
.
(. 3.13).

. 3.13.


.
. .
( 3045).
,
, , .

 3.

109

.
( 1 ) .
- .

.

.
, -
(. 3.14).

. 3.14. (
)

,

.
, ,
. ,

, .
5
6/05/0,
(. . 3.11).
. ,
.
.
.

.
- .
.

(.3.15, ,).

. 3.15. :

. .


.
.
34 .
.
(. . 3.12).

 3.

111

.
,
- . ,
,
, -
,
(.3.16).

(. 3.16).

. 3.16. :

.


(. 3.17, ).
.
1,52
, .
810 .
6/0 7/0
.
, ,

(. 3.17, ).

(. 3.17, ).

112

. 3.17. :
;
;

.

,
. .

.

.
.

,
(. 3.18, ).

.
(. 3.18, )
(. 3.18, ).
.

.

, . -

 3.

113

. 3.18. :
;
;

,
(. 3.19).
,
,
. //
//.

.

.
, .
:
1) ;
2) ( 76 ),
(
);
3) .

.
.

114

. 3.19. ()

,
. .
.
12 ,
.
, , ( ).
.
,
, .

. ,
, , ,
. .
,
. ,
, . .
.

4 . 1 .


23% .

. ,
.
,
.
,

.
,

: I)
, 2)
, 3) .

,
.

. (. . 3.3, 3.4).
,
.
.
2 ,
.

116

, 5/0.
,
.
.

., 8 ,
27.10.97 , ,
.
. 6,5 ,
. 1997
, ,
160/120 . .
.
.
: , .
10x3,6 , - 1,1 .
10,2x3,8 , - 1,2 . :
,
.
:
, , .
- , ,
.
: 2,6 .
.
.

. 4.1. :
;

 4.

117

(. 4.1.).
: ,
, .
5.10.97. -
Gore-Tex (. 4.2).
:
. .
. 12
. .
4 .
.

. . , .

Gore-Tex 4x1,5 5/0.
35 .
.
200 220 1 .

. 4.2. ( ):
1 ; 2 ; 3

118

. 300 .
226 . , 105/70 . .
.

.
.

.

., 60 ,
08.04.98.

170/80 . . .
3
260/160 . .. ,

.
: , 76 1 , .
, ,
. ,
.
:
, , .
, :
- , .
:
60% , -; 60%
. 40%.
50%. -
0,92, 0,8.
: 70%
,
. 50%, -.
: 10,7x4,4, 8,7x5,0.
,
. .
.
,
, .
: , ;
, ;
.

 4.

119

,

, 22.04.98.

Gore-Tex
Gore-Tex. 320.
800 .
,
.
34 . .
3
Gore-Tex. 23 .
.
. .
. 3,5 .
. 4/0

. 4.3.
Gore-Tex:
1 ; 2 ; 3 ; 4

120

Gore-
(. 4.3). 40.
.
120/ 70
. . 29.05.98:
.
. .
, ,
.
7,2 , 25 , 4,5 , ' 11 .

, .
.
.
(). ()
,
, .
.
.

.
14x7x7 16x8x8 (. 4.4).

. 4.4. :
;


5 .
, .
.

 4.

121

.

.
.
78 .
()
68 .
1012
45 .
1012
45 .
. ,
. , .
5/0
16 (. 4.5.).

. 4.5.
:
; Gore-Tex


.
(. 4.6).

. 28
23.04.99. , ,
. (200/110
..) 1998 . 3
: , .
250/120 . .

122

. 4.6.
:
;

.
: , .
11,5 6,6 , 10,5 5,8 , : .
: 1 , .

3 .
: ,
; .
01.04.99
. . .
,
1 6 . ,
2,5 .
5
, (.
4.7, ,). .

(. 4.7., ). - 10
4/0 (. 4.7., ). , .
.
. , .
(. 4.7, ,).
.
. (. 4.7, ,3).
. 8 , 27

 4.

123

. . . .
140/90 . .

. 4.7 ().

- :
;
; ;
(1), (2)


. ,

.

.

124

,
.

. 4.7().
- :
;
;
; 3

4.2.

-
, , ,
53,5% . 25%

 4.

125

.

, , :
; , ,
,
/ ;
(622%) (69%).


.

7- .
.
.
,
,
.

., 60,
. 01.00 , ,
23 . . ,
5 200/100 . .
: .
.
.
: 59109 . . .
: , 3,8 , 3,8 ,
0,48.
:
40%, 55%.
: .
, 23 ,
18 .
: (75%),
(80%), (80%),
(70%) (. 4.8, ).
: (50%),
(50%).
: .
. .

126

18.01.00. :
(. 4.9, ). 10
, .
8, .
: 4 ,
, 4
, (. 4.8, ).

. 4.8. :
( ,
); .
5000

(. 4.9, ). ,
,
Gore-Tex (. 4.9., ).

.
.
-
5/0 (. 4.9, )
, .

6/0 (. 4.8, ; 4.10).
. 40 , 32 .
.
. .

 4.

127

. 4.9. . ( ):
(1), (2),
(3); ,
;
;

2- 180/ .
, 4-

.
1 ,
. 120/70 . .
.
,
.


.

- .

128

. 4.10.
.
( ):
1 ; 2 ; 3 Gore, ; 4

,

.
, ,
,

.

.

, .
:
,
, ,
.

5 . 1 .






(.5.1, , ).
- -
(. 5.1, , ).

130

.

.


.

,

.
(
,
).
,
.
,
, ( )
( )
. ,
.
.
, .
( ,
, ).
,
.

.
,
, (< 5)
.
, ,
.
,
. .
Z
( ).
, ..
, 1/2 .
.
, ,

 5.

131

.
,
. 2/0 3/0
3026 .
, ,
,
. -
, 1- .
, -
.
.
, .

. 5.1.
:
;
;
;
,

132

.

.
.
(. 5.2., , ).

. 5. 2.
( ):
; (1 , 2
)
( )
,

- .
, .

, .. -

 5.

133

.
.

,
.

.

.

,
,
, ,
.
.. ,
, .
- 4 ,

.

.

.
,
.
.

5.2.

, - - (. 5.3)
.

134

. 5.3.
:
;
;

;
,


.
. ,
, .

.
.
,

, ,
(. 5.4.).

 5.

135

. 5.4.
,

. 5.5. ,
( ):
;


.

(. 5.5, ), .

, (. 5.5, ).


.

136

., 63 .
17.09.02. ,
2 .
,
. .
.
, .
. ,
.
, 1,8 .

.
. 50%. .

.
: ,

. .
.
26.09.02. . - 22
11 , .
.

.
8 (. 5.6, ).
, , ,
.
.
.
.
- .
2 .
.

1 .
22 .
, .
. .
8 (
4/0 5/0 ).
.
.

 5.

137

. 5.6.
. ( ):

;
(1 , 2
,
3

, 4
)

1
5/0.
.
. : 14 , 38 , 49 .
.
,
.

. ,

, 2 .

22 11 11 ,

4/0.
3/0.
. .
.
. ,
. 140/80 . .

138

5.3.




, .
9-
.
,
.

.



.

(. 5.7).
. 5.7.


:

;

;



( ,


);



( - ,

)

 5.

139

(. 5.8, , ).
. 5.8.



:


;

; ,





(),
,

()
,
,
.
, , ,

.
(. 5.8, ).

(. 5.8, ).

.
7-
. ,


.
,
, .
,
.

140

.
,
.

.
.


.
,
.
,

.

. 5.9.

:
;
;

 5.

141

,
.
,
.
.

(. 5.9. )


.
,

(. 5.9. ).

( . 5.9. ).

5.4.




.
- (. 5.10, , ).

,
. ,
,
.
.


,
. .


.
.
,
,
7- .
,
. -

142

:
,
(. 5.10, , ),
(. 5.11).

. 5.10.


:



;


;
,




., 23 .,
29.10.01 , ,
, 10 .
1995 .


. . 2000 .
170/90 . .
.
.
.
. , .
: .
. .
: /
. . 14

 5.

143

30 , 8 15 ,
15 19 .
.
: ,
.
: .
. .
.
(. 5.11, ).
:
;
. .
.
1995 .
15.11.01 :

.
7- .
. . ,
.

. 5.11. . , ,
.
:
1 ; 2
; 3 ; 4 ; 5

144

.
.
. , (.
5.12., ).

. 5.12. . ( ):
;

. .
6 (. 5.12, ).

( 5 ).
1,5 .

. 5.12. :
1 ; 2 ; 3 .
:
1 ; 2 ; 3
; 4

 5.

145

(. 5.12, ).
.

. .

.
. (. 5.12, ).
.
( ).
, .
. .
.


.
,
. .


( , .),
.
.
. .
,
.
,

. 6.1.
:
;

;

 6.

147

,

.
.
, ,
. .

(. 6.1.).

,
(. 6.2.).

. 6.2. .


, ,
.
.
IIIB ( . ),

.
., 37, 20.03.00
, 200/120 . . ,
8.03.00
.
. 10
.
.
.
,
. ,
.

148

2%.
.
5
. 24 .
,
, ,
. ,
.
5
. ,
.
-
(. 6.3).
3
, ,
.
, 3 %.
: . .
. . .
23.03.00
,
.

,
.
8

, .
,

.
,
.
.
Th 10. . 6.3. . (
, )

 6.

149

. 6.4. .
( ):
,
;

.
1 , 2
, 3 ;


.
;
. 1 , 2
,
, 3
, 4

,
,
.
,

(.
6.4, ). .
,
.

,
(. 6.4, ).
.

22
.
.
(. 6.4, , ).

25 , 34 , 48
. ,
. -

150

. .
.

, , . ,
, - , . 6-
1 %.
.
: .
, 140/80
. ., 0,8%.
,


. .

,
,
.
, ,
,
.
,
.

( .., 2000; Farber A., 2002; Brecht
G., 1981; Mukohara N., 1986; Stierli P., 2001; Mozes G., 2002; Kibria S.M., 2000)
, .

, . Debakey,

IV . Debakey .

. 35 ,
21.10.02. 1998 . 230/ . . 4.10.02.
3- . 7.10.02
.

, ,
, .
,
. .
.
: .
58 . -

 6.

151

,
- .
: 4,6 , 3,4 .
.

6,57, 4,38.
1,5 . 1,3 . .



(.
6.5).
: - . . .
. .
26.10.02 , ,
(. 6.6). 7
.
6 ,
8 . 1,7
, 2,1 , . , ,
. , ,
.
, 1
78 , , 3
.
. .
. ,
. 6.5.

:
1
; 2

152

, ,
.
.
.
22 10 10 .
.
.
.
. .

.
(. 6.6).

. 6.6. .
.
.
, .

.
. . .

 6.

153

.
. . .
.
,
.
.
. fi-,
, .
125130/8090 .
.

( 5 ) .

,
. , ,

.

., 49 ,
20.09.04 , ,
, .
,
180/100 .. 270/170 ..
. 200/110 ..
72 ./.,
, .
: 5,7/4,5 , 3,6 .
2,4. 4,04,7. I.
1,4 .
1,7 . - 160 , 91 . 68. 0,43.
.

. ,
.
, . .
.
.

, . .
4,02,82,0 .
, .

154

:
3,7 . 3,8
. 3,6 . 3,6 , 4,8 .
4,6 , 4,3 .
,

.
S- .
4,4 . 3,3
,
. 2,7 .
.
( ).
, ,
.
(. 6.7).
3,3 4,8 . 7,5 .
0,8 ,
1 ,
1,1 .
2,8 .
21,3 9,7 11, 7 . 7-

2,7. 3,9 -

44 . ,

,

.
:

,
.
.

. 6.7.


(15% 2 )
.:
.
1
.
( 3 ); 2
,

.

; 3
.

 6.

155

. :
, . :
.
, 14.10.04
:
(. 6.8).
9 .
10 4 5 . 3,5 .
, .
, 4 .
, . 4 ,
. .
. 8
. (. . 6.7)
.

,
.
.


.
.
.

.

. 9- ,

. 130/90 .
.

.

. 6.8. .
( ):


;


;

156

.
,
,
.
.

, . ,
.
.

.
.


.
, ,
.
.
(
)
.

 7



-

- .

25-90% (De Bakey M.E. et al., 1964; Crawford E.S. et al., 1981; Hertzer N.R.
et al., 1984; .. ., 1988; .. ., 1992;
.., .., 1995, .., 1994).

.

.

7 . 1 .


.
III ()
. IIIIV
.

.

,
. III-IV

.
,
I 11 .

158

/
, ,
.
.
.
, III-IV ,
,
. -
.
.

.

( ),
.
23
.

, ,
.

X., 55 ,
19.05.95 , , 50,
, , ( 200/120 . .).
1987 ,
. . 1988 .
.
.
1995 .
.
.
, 92 . - ,
- .

I ,
ST 1,5 .
, = 60%. ,
.
, - .

 7. -

159

.

50%, I 80%, -. 50%,
, 70%,
. 0,77;
- 0,39.
: 1 ,
-. ,
30%, 70%.
50%, ,
(. 7.1).

. 7.1. X.:
;
, ;
50% ;

160

. 7.2. X. ,
.
/3 90%; 85%;
.
(.7.2).
: . ,
, .
, -. ,
. , ,
.
7.06.95 :
.
,
,
: -,
(5- ); 3
ST ,
, .
, .
20.09.95 : .
.
.
,
. 3050 . 200/ 120 . .
16.11.95. -
, , - .

 7. -

161

400 . 2900 .
.
,
. 40 . 140150/
70 . .
,
.
,
.

, .



.
.
,

.
,
.

,
.
., 67,
19.09.96 5 , , 300 , ,
200 . ., .
, ,

. -
:
(5- ).
ST
1 .

5,6 , 23
.
4,5 .

70% .

162

, ,
, 70%
,
: , ,
, III , ,
, , ,
.
08.10.96 :
,
,

(. 7.3).

. 7.3. () () .:

;

 7. -

163

,

. 6 .
.
, , 4.
( ) .
27.
1
.

62 .
3/0. . .
20. .
-
30 , .
3/0 ,
, .
.
15. ,

5/0. . .
. . 62
. .

2 . , .
6
.
. ,
.
.
3 .
1,5 .
. 3
, .
18
3/0 22 .
2 .
8 .
, .
.
.

164

, . .
4 35 .
,
. . 05.11.96
.

.
,


. -

.
,
,
. (
)

.

7.2.

-
-

, , .
,
.

. 23 ,
,
.


. , ,
23 .
,
.

.
, 63 ,
10.04.03. . -

 7. -

165

1995 . 220/100 ..
2003 .
, 34 ( ).
, ,
.
. :
, 4365./. 13
, 1 3 ,
1 (1- ).
ST .
,
.

. . .

90% 15
80% 23. 1 40%.
80%
3 .
: .
, .
II . . . .
. .
, .
. III . .
.

.
22.04.03. :
. .
, 6.05.03 :

. ,
.

. 23.05.03 .
90%.
,

.
.

166

. .
26.05.03.
:
. 10
. ,
. 2
90%.
Gore- 8 .
.
, 2 .
.
. , 2
Gore-Tex
9 .
(. 7.4)
.
.
. 9 ,
.


:
.

. 7.4. :
1 ; 2 ; 3

 7. -

167

, , ,
.


.

,
.

. ,

.

.


.

8.1.

,
.
. ,

0,86,5% . , ,
.

, ,
( ,
, ..), .
, ,

.

.
.
.
I. :
;
;
;
I II ;
;

 8.

169

(
).
II. :
;
;
;
.
III.
:
;
;
;
.
IV. :
;
(- ,
.)
;
(, );
;
.
V. :
;
.

75 , 3,0%
.
7,2+1,4 .

- .


. ,
.
,

.
,
, 37 (53,6%)
, 9 (13,0%)
.
4 (5,8%) .

170

.
.

,
.

. ,
,
. ,

.
.
.
,
, ,
.
, ,
. 5 (7,2%)
. 4 (80,0%)
, - .

8.2.


.

,

.
.
5 (71,4%) , 2 (38,6%) .

() , 1520 .

.

., 52 , , .
180/110 . .
8.
(. 8.1).

 8.

171

. 8.1. :
( ;
)
, .
10
.
.
7x9 .

15 20 , .
1- 2-

(. 8.2).
.

.

. 8.2. .:
;

172

26 . 15

11 .

., 47,
3. 05.06.
,
.
, 115/80 ..
.
. ,
. 9,9 . 8,0 .
(
). ,
.
( 2,0 ). . . .
.
,
(. 8.).

. 8.3. .

: S
, ( 1,3 /);
( 0,9/). ,

 8.

173

VS=0,4M/C , VS=3,8M/C .
, (),
, .

9,6 7,4 8,5 ,
(. 8.4).

. 8.4. .:
, ;
(1), (2)
1,9x3,7 . ,
. . .
5,1 5,3 10 , .

174

. 8. 5. . ( ):
(1 , 2
); ; (1
, 2
); ,

; ( )

 8.

175

. .
0,56 , 0,54 . .
: .
. .
10.05.06 :
.
9- .
, 4 , ,
3 .
10x9 . (. 8.5, ).
2 .
.

,
. /.
, .
, , , .

.
, 5/0. .
14 . .
. 2
.
. 9-
. .

(3,54,5 ),


.
,
, ,
. 5


.


.
.
.
,

176

,
.
.

.

., 22,
08.12.03 .
, 1995 . 160/90
. . 1998 . ,
80%.
250/130 . . .
, 75 . 1 .
, -, .
5,3/3,3 , 3,8 .
2,2 . 2,9 . .
: 7,2 4,9 8,5
, 6,3 5,7' 8,5 . , -
. 2,0 ,
2,1 , 1,5
. 0,54 ,
0,53 . 1,1
. 1,2
1,6. 1,25 .

1,0 (. 8.6.).

. 8.6. III.:
;

 8.

177

: .
. , .
, .
23.12.03 .
10 .
, . .
. .
1,5
2 (. 8.7, ) .
3,5 2.
1,5
. 4,5 .
.
4 . 5000 . .
.
.
(. 8.7, ).
(. 8.7, ).
(. 8. 7, ).
. 55 .
, , .
.
, .
150/90 . .
.
14 01.04
.
. 10- ,
. . 76 1 . 140150/80 . .
: 1,3 %, 5 %,
90,53 /.

(. 8.8).
.

178

. 8.7. . ( ):
;
;
; (1 , 2 ,
3 , 4 )

, 23 ,
24.10.00 ,
160/110 ..
5 .
,

. .
(. 8.9).

. ,
.

 8.

179

. 8.8. .

,
76 , , 150/110 ..
, . .
, .
. .
.
, 1,3 .
7
. 13,5 .
, , .

. 8.9. .

180

, , .
, (. 8.10).

. 8.10. :
1 , ,
; 2

.
31.10.00 (. 8.11).
IX
, .

 8.

181

10 , , .
15 .
, 10 ,
.

. ,
. , ,
15 (. 8.12, ),
. ,
, .
,
.
. ,
3/0.
(800 ) (. 8.12, ).
.
. ,
23
(. 8.12, ).

(. 8.12., ).

1,5 . 3 .
3 (. 8.12, ),

(. 8.12, ).
.
.
. ,
. 72 .,
2 , 450 .
.
.
, , (350 /).
, 10
.
120130/80 . . 2-
.
140/90 . . .
1-
, 3- ,

182

. 8. 12. . ( ):
(1 , 2
); ;
;
(1 , 2
); ,
;

 8.

183

( 3,3 , 6,4).
40 %, 1,5 %.
14- .
1
, 110130/80..
, ,
.

,
.
.
.
.


.
,
.
.

, ,
(,
). ,
, ,


,
.
, ,
, , ,
.
, .
- .
, ,
.

. -
,
.
, ,
-

 9.

1 85

.

.

. 9.1. :
;
-
. ,
(. 9.1, 9.2).

. 9.2. :
; J5 ,

186

. , ,
(. 9.3).

. 9.3. :
;
. ,
,
.
, ,
( . 9.4.).

. 9.4.
:
; ;

 9.

1 87

, - ,

. - ,
.
,
, -

,
, .
., 19 ,
07.03.02 ,
, ,
.
1999 . (
) , , .
, .
30.01.02. -
.
. -
, .
, ,
, 110/60 150/70 . .

, , , .
, 78./.
.
:
. - .
.
.
3
. 1025 (146%
).
:
1,8 .
.
3,0 3,4 . .
1,5 .
.

188

- 6,8 ,
- 4,7 . .
32 , (
),
18 .
1,9 2,1 .
.
: - ,
.
, 15x8 .
10 6 ,
4 .
, ,
(. 9.5).
: -
. -
.

. 9.5. . . - :
1 ; 2 ; 3
25.03.02 : -
.
7
.
, , .

 9.

189

,
.
(. 9.6).

. 9.6. . ( ).

. 9.7. . ( ).

190

.
, .
2 3
.
. (. 9.7).
.
4/0. .
37.
.
706 /, 1248 /.
12
5,8 . .
.


.

.
.
,
.

( .., 1993; ConnJ.H., 1967; Dingeldein G.P., 1977.)
, , 1517% ,
56%. 50%
48 , 75% 4 . 25%
1 .


.
,
,
.
(Gattegno ., 1981; Memis
A. 1992;OkamuraT., 1998.).

., 15 ,
10.01.05
140150/90 . .
1 , .
2004 .

 9.

191

. ,
,
(. 9.8).

. 9.8. . 5 :
1 ; 2


.
.
. :
, , .
. , , ,
. , .
. 150/90 ..
, 70/.
. .
: .
. . .
.
: .
02 100%.

192

. .
.
, .

( ).
3,4 3,2 ,
, (. 9.9, ).

. 9.9. :
(1 ; 2
; 3 );

.
.
.
:
, . .

.
, .
. ,

. .
. -
, . , .

, , .
, .
(2 ) ,

 9.

193

31 ,
, - (. 9.10, ).

. 9.10.
:
(1 , 2
); (3 , 4
, 5 )
.
. 31
1
. 54 77
.
10/%, 1000/%,
0,8 /%, 140 /%, 1,3 ,
71,4/, 132,2/.
13.0.05
:
.
:
10 ,
.
,
, ,
(. 9.10, ). .
3,5 .
. (. 9.11, ).

, 2 .

(. 9.11, ).
.
.

194

. 9.11. .:
(1 );
(2
, 3
, 4 )
.
, 7- .
:
,
(. 9. 9, ).
: , 1020, 0,066,
13 , 710 , 35
, .
: 11 /%,
941 /%, 0,7 /%, 120 /%,
1,1 , 81,26 /, 154, 28 /.
,
,
.
,

. ,
,
.
,
.
,

,
,
.

 10

,
, ,
( .., 1983; .., 1980; .., 1985;
.., 1985; .., 1993; .., 1993; Bandyk D. ,
1985; Cambria R. . 1992).

. ,
,
1,5%21% ( .., 1985; .., 1985; .., 1993;3 .., 1993; .., 1996; Olohsson P., 1995; Vaientine R., 1995).
567
,
.
( 6 ) .
1,53 ,
. , ,

.

: ,
.

( , ),
.
,

196

, : , - ,
- ,
.

(- , -
, - , ).

10.1. -

,
, -
. ,
,
( ,
, ).
- .

(
).
, , , ,
( ),
,
.

, .

( 2/0)
.
, ,
, , .
,
,
.
( )
,
,
,
, .

- .

 10.

197

,
.
.
, -
, .
,
.
,
. ,
,
. ,
,
, ,
.

.
2,53
,
.

,
,
. ,

,
,

. , .
,
,
(. 10.1).

. ,
, , -

, , -,

.
.

.
VII
.

198

. 10.1.

() (),
,
.
.

., 43 .
22.02.80. , . -

. 10. 2. . ( )

 10.

199

6 . 1979 .
. 170/100 ..,
4 220/120
..
. 220/120 ..
, .
(. 10.2).
,
, . 11.03.80 . VII .
. -
Gore-Tex. ,
,
Gore-tex,
(. 10.3.).

. 10.3. . (
)
,
248 / ( 65 /).
. 150/100 ..
,
.
-
, .
,

200

, ,

.
-

.

10.2. -


.
,

, , ,

, .
5 .
.
., 23 , 31.05.05
200 220/110 120 . .,
, .
1994 .


. .
01.06.95

, , ,
, - ,
Crawford
, (14 ) .

.
1999 . 240/120 . . ,
.
,
- .
27.12.99 - (. 10.4). .
140/80
. .

 10.

20 1

. 10.4.
.:
(1
, 2 , 3
);
2004 . .
. ,
. , . 200/110
. ., 62 ./, . .
.
,
, .

.
.

, .
07.06.05 : IX
.
: 7,0 4,5 4,0 ,

202

3,5 . ,
12 .

5/0.
.
.

. 10.5. -
. ( ):
;
; (1 ,
2 );

 10.

203

. 10.6.
. : 1 ; 2

5/0.
. 20 (. 10.5).
.
. 10- .
.
120/80 . .


(. 10.6).
4
,

.
5 ,
. ,
, ,
,
,
.
,
, : 1) -

204

,
; 2)

; 3)
,
.

10.3. -

,
.

(, ).

.
-

.
,

4 .

, ,
.
,

.

( , )

.
( ).
, .

. 2530
. 23 .
,
,
, .

, . (
),

 10.

205

.
,
.

.
, .
.
.

-
.
1
, 57,
02.11.98 , ,
.
9 .
300/140 . . 180/100 . . 1997 .
.
. 210/120
..
, 70./;
; ;

. -
(I ), ST 1,5
V 5.

.
30%.
S
.

,
, 5,0
.
,
.

60 %. (. 10.7.).
,
.

206

. 10.7. :
;

. .
.
40%
, .

40%, ,
- .


.
16.11.98 .
. ,
5 3,5 . .
. ,
.
4,5 4
.
- .
- .
15 .
4 .
, , 67 .
12-
.

 10.

207

(. 10.8, ).
(. 10.8, ),

(. 10.8, ). 12, 25
.
. .
.
. 130/80 ..
2
., 37
1990 . 220/120 160/140
.., 2050. 1981 .
. .
1985 .
,

,
. 1987 .


,

.


-


. ,

(. 10.9).
. 10.8.
:

;

;

208

. 10.9. - .:
1 ; 2

- (. 10.10).

.
, .
,

. 10.10. .:
1 ;
2

. 10.11.
. ( - , )

 10.

209

,

(. 10.11). .

10.4.

,

.
- :
,
, . ,
, :

, (),
,
,
. ,

(. 10.12).
,
,
, , , .
,

,

.

IX .
2,53 .
,
, 45 ,
a.gastroepiploica sinistra,
.
,
(
).
,
. -

210

. 10.12. - :
(1) (2) ;
;

89 , ,
.
.
.
a.gastroepiploica sinistra
a. gastricae breves.
,
. ,
,
,
45 .

6/0. ,
. ,
.

 10.

211

4
. 3 ,
- .
-
,
,
,
. ,
, .
1
., 30 ,
06.10.78 , , .
19 , .
1977.
, . 210/100 .
. ,
.
. 240/140 . .
.

, .
.

. 10.13. .:
; (1 , 2 - , 3 )

212

: -,
,
(. 10.13, ).
25.10.78 .
. 8 .
. - .
36 275 /.
160/110 ...
(. 10.13, ). 7
.
.
2
., 23 ,
28.01.80. 11 ,
(200/120 ..)
1972 . .
, .
. 19.10.79 16.11.79
.
.

. 10.14. . ,

 10.

213

.
150/100 . .
. 145/100
. . .
,
.

,
(. 10.14).
07.11.80 :
.
.
2 .
.
.
. ,
,
.
.
,
, . 130/90 .., 3

. 10.15. . ( -
, )

214

.
(. 10.15).
(. 10.16).
13-
. 2 160/110
.., 120/70 ..

. 10.16. .
N 223/80: , .
, X 200
-
(
), - ,
, ,
.
-
, .
- , .
.
3., 43 .,
20.01.02 . 1989
280/170 .. 1997 .

 10.

215

. 2000
.
.
2002 . 300/220 . .
( ).
: 3,5 %. 5,8
%, 13,4 %, 10%.
: ,
.
: 6,9, 1/2 19,
.
(. 10.17).

. 10.17. 3.
: . .
. . .
06.02.02. .
.
. .
(5,5 3,2 ). .
. 5,
(. 10.18).
.
. ,

216

, 6 .
,
. . ,
5, .
, ,
.
.
(. 10.19).

. 10.19. 3. ( ):
1 ; 2 ; 3

 10.

21 7

. 10.20. :
1 ; 2
,
. . .
160/80 .. 4
3 %. .
(. 10.20).
.

10.5.



, ,
.

,
.
, ,

, , . ,

.
,
, ,

.

218

.
4 , 10 . . .
:
.
,
,
,
, .
.
IXX ,
. .
, ,
.
. ,
.
(. 10.21).

.

. 10.21. .

 10.

219

,
. :
.
(. . 10.17).
,
. ,
.
.
2
.

(
- ).


( ).
, , .

., 47, 25.03.78
, .
2 . 200/140 . . 1977 .
.
. 3 .
.
230/130 .. 0,99 %.,
2,3 %, 23 /.,
42 /.

, .

, ,
, .
8,5 3,5 ., 7 5 (. . 10.18, ).
4.04.78 .
- ,
, . ,
.
. .
,
. .
. , .
240 /.
, -

220

. 180/100 .. 52-
.
4
, (. . 10.18, ).
. 175/100
..

. 10.22. :
, ,
, ; 4


.
.

.
- , - ,

.


.

 45
.
5,7%, 20

.
,
.
,
, 22,1 %
2 25 . 34,9 % ,

.
(46%),

.
(23%),
.
- .
.
3., 38 05.10.64 ,
, 220/120 . .
3 . .
60 %.
.

222

, .
20.10.64
.
- .
. 10-
140/90 ..
120/80
.. .
,
.
25
,
160/90 ..
. .
150/70 . .
. -
. ,
, ,
.
(. 11.1).

. 11.1. 3. 63 25
.

 11. 2 2 3

(30%). ,
67,3 %
. 73,9 %
,
, ,
.
4,7 % , , ,
,
.
(3%)

. ,

, .


. :
, 140/90
. . ;
,
15 %
,
;
,
,
15 %
.
,
.
(51 %)
, ,
, ,
.

, , .
- -
.
, .. ,
(. 11.1).

224

11.1

( )

,

, .

, .

, .

37,2+1,2

42,1 + 1,9

45,3+2,1

40,7+1,1

118,3+5,4

94,5+8,1

83,55,9

101,4+3,9

49,2+6,3

95,7+14,2

100,9+11,3

75,4+6,1

21,5+3,1

28,6+6,2

34,3+6,1

26,93,2

217/127+3/2

204/117+3/2

203/118+2/1

, ./., 197/114+3/2
..
,
./.,
..

148/91+2/1

156/96+3/2

163/98+3/1

155/94+2/1

,
./.,
..

133/83+1/1

176/101+4/2

198/116+4/2

164/98+1/2

, .. , (. .
11.1). ,
4
(0,220 ) , 8
(0,520 ). , ,
(. 11.2).

 11. 225

,
.
.
,
(. 11.3).

. 11.3.



. ,
,
( 220 . .),

(, , ).

. 11.4.

. 11.4.

226

,

.
, .

27,2 % 39,4%
-.
,
.
. ,
-,
56,1 %, 38,7 % .

, ,
, 3
, (22,1 % 57,3 %).

().
,
, 5
,
.
. ,

, .

,
, . 16,3+4,1 .
,
, .
57,1%,
33,3 %
. ,
, ,
. ,

, , ,
(78,4+3,1).
,
, (13,8% 39,4%).
,
,

 11. 227
, .
, ,
(. 11.5).

. 11.5.

(. 11.6).

. 11.6.


91,42,1 %, 20 62,1 10,1 %.
, .
33 ,

,
. 56,9+6,1 . 23(69,7%) .

228

.
(12,1 %) 2 (6,1 %)
. ,
,
, (10-)
,
(. 11.7).

. 11.7. 10

, 5
II III .
8,31,4 65,14,3 %
.

.
,

, .

, ,
(,
-) ,
( , )
.


,
.
() ,

.


. ,
, ,
.
, .

-I, -
() -,
. .
. ,

. I II
. ()
, ,
, .
,
-
,
, .

230

( -,
, )

.
,
, , .


-
,
,
, . ,
, .
.
,
.

.
2
- ,
,
, .
, .
, -
, .. (1998)
, .
5 ,
25% .


, .

.
.
,
130/80 .., 1
/ 125/75 ..
(),
.

 12.

231

. ,
II (AT II), .
.
,
, . ,
,
.

,

. ,
, .

, , -
,
.

.
N.K. Hollenberg (1983) 188
3 . . 74%
, 8% 5%.
13% .
.

.
- ,
80%
, 90%.
-I AT II,

.

.
-
(): 6,25 100 3 , 2,5
20 , 2,510 2 , 1040
2 , 520 2 . ATI-:
150300 /, 1632 /, 50100
/, 80160 2 (.. , 2004).

, ,

232

. 20%

, .
.

-

.
,
.
,
.
Leertouwer T.C. et al. (2000)
. 126
50% 10
.

-, ,
(
)
.
.
S. Spitalevitz I.W.Rieser (2000)

:
1. , :

;
,
( ,
.).
2.
.
. Haller (2002)
:
3
;
;
/ ;

 12.

233

7,5 (
);

80;
.

. 19801981 .
. 41
. 42 . 46% 25%, 37%
10% .

. 122
60%
20,8% ,
5%.

.

, 4060%
.
.

25 3663% .
8-16% .
1 ().
- ,
.
, ,
, .
( , )

.
,
.
,

.
,
ATI
,

234

.
80240 23 . () .
, .
-

.
- :
+ -+ .
,
.

,
. ,
.
.. (2002)
:
1.
.
2. -
.
3. .
. Haller (2002)
:
3
;
;
;

;

.

.
,

.
.

, .

-

 12.

235

,
.

.

:
1.
;
2.
.
,
, , ,
1 2 - ,
,
,
( .., 1997).
.

.
,
.

1. .. // . 1998. 4.
2. .., .. . // ; . . , 1997. . 128130.
3. .., .. . ., 1967.
4. .. //
. 1996. 1. . 130139.
5. . ., .. ( I)
// . 1999. .5. 3. . 116118.
6. .., .. (
III) // . 2000. .6. 1. . 123125.
7. .., .., .. .
. . 1997. 95 .
8. .., .., ..
// . 1995.
7.-.
17-22.
9. .., .., .. .
MP- // . 1994.
4. - . 33-36.
10. .., ..
()
//. - 1999. - 1. - .5-8.
11. .., .., . .
,
// . 2003. .9.
1. - . 91-101.

237

12. .., .., .. .

//. 1999. .9.
. 28-31.
13. .., .., .. .
111 //
. 2001. - .7.1. 107-109.
14. .., .., ..
// -
. 2002. .4. - . 5357.
15. .., .., .., ..

// -
. 2002. 2. 7476.
16. .., . ., . . . // . 2003. . 1. . 5758.
17. .., .., .., ..
//
. 2004. >!. . 137139.
18. .., .., .., ..
// , 2004. 5.. .
52-56.
19. .., .., .., ..
//
. - 2006. -!.- .64-67.
20. .., B.C., ..
. . . , 1997. 530 .
21. .., ..
// . 1996. 1. . 7387.
22. .. .
.
. . . ., 1983.
23. . . - / . .. .
., 1989.
24. ..
. ., 1994. 95 .
25. .., .., ..
// . XI . . .
- . ., 1997. . 1920.
26. ..
. . . ... . . . ., 1990.
27. .. . ., 1997. 400 .
28. .., .., .. ( ) // .
1996. -ML- .62-66.

238

29. .., .., .., ..

.
.: , 2000. - 140 .
30. . . ,
: . ... - . : 1999. 234 .
31. ., .., .. .
// . . 1994. 2. .38
42.
32. - .., ..
, // . 2000.
3. - . 3-5.
33. .., .. . . 2004. . 8. 1. . 721.
34. .., .., .. . .
. - // , .
1990. - . 60. -8.- 140-145.
35. , , .
// . 1998. 34.
. 71-78.
36. .., ..
// - . 1992. 1112.
. 11-14.
37. ..
: . ...- ..
, 1986.
38. .. II. . 1998., 158 .
39. .., .. . .
// , .
. 2000. .45. 1. . 4547
40. .. ,
: .
. ... . . . , 1980.
41. .., .., P.M.
LHA-
// . 1997. 1.
. 118-127
42. . . .: , 1983. .231.
43. .. // .
1973. -8. . 29-36.
44. .., .., . . . ,
// . . 1984. - 10. - . 106-110.

239

45. .., .
,
// . . 1975. 1. . 1116.
46. .., .
// . 1974.
6. - . 38-44.
47. .., .
. :, 1974.
48. . .
. . ... . . . 1986. 24 .
49. .., ..
. :
. . . 1985. . 272274.
50. . ., .., .. .

,
//
. 1995. 5. .2836.
51. .., .., .
:
//. 2004. . 8. - 3. - . 15-21.
52. .
. .: , 1983.
53. .., . . . .:
. - 1999. 280 .
54. .., ..
. ., , 1975.
55. .., ., .. . //
. 2000. 1. . 3439.
56. ..
// . 1978. 1.
. 5-15.
57. .. . . 1970. 376 .
58. B.C., .. . . .,
2001. - 463 .
59. .., A.M.
// .
2004. - . 8- .1. - . 22-28.
60. .., .., .. .

. .
, . 2003. - 6(44). - . 38-42.

240

61. ... . .: , 1960. 442 .

62. .., .., .. . .,
1984.- 150 .
63. .., .. 40-
// .
2003; 9(2). - .8-12.
64. .., . ., ..
.
. -. 1997. . 134.
65. . ., B.C.
. ., 1968.
66. .. Nonspecific aortoarteritis. In Rutherford R.B. (ed): Vascular
Surgery, 3rd ed. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1989, p 217.
67. .. . .: . 1979. 324 .
68. .. : / . ..
. .: , 2004. 808.
69. .., .. .
// . 1986. 6.
44-50.
70. .., .., ..

// . 1977. 3. . 311.
71. . ., ..
//
: / . ... ., 1975. . 2648.
72. .. // . 1995. 4.
. 69-70.
73. .., .., .. .
- // . 1997.
. 37. -11.- . 91-95.
74. .. : . . ... - . . ., 1983.
75. , .
. .: 2004.
76. .., .., ..

// . 1981. 9. . 69 73.
77. .., , . . .
., 1987.
78. .., ..
// : . . .,
1992. - . 88-90.

241

79. .. .
., 1965.
80. ., ..
. ., 1973.
81. .. . .: , 1974. 415 .
82. (1999)
// ... 8(3). . 1822.
83. .. // DIacker Scientific Publications.
Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1993.
84. .. MP- //
/ . . .. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific
Publications, 1993. . 163175.
85. .., ..
MP-// . . 1996. 1. . 1730.
86. .., .., .. .
// , 100-
- .
. . . - -., 1997. - . 282.
87. .. Transonic Systems Inc..
. ., 1998. . 718.
88. B.C., .., .. .
. .: , 1975. 268 .
89. .., ..
. ., 2001. 284 .
90. .., .. . . .: , 2002. 504 .
91. . . -
. . ... .
. . ., 1998. 122 .
92. .., .., .. -

// . .
1998. -4.- . 50-59.
93. .., .. . .
. - 1993.-256 .
94. .., .., ..
- //
. 1996. 3. . 4353.
95. .. : . . ... -
. . ., 1995. 28 .
96. .., .., ..
- //
. 1996. 3. . 4353.

242

97. .., .., .. -

//
. 1996. 4. . 3644.
98. - .. -
. ., ., 1954.
99. .. // 1996. 1.
. 31-35.
100. XXI .
/ . .. ., 1997.
101. .. //
: . ., 1975.
102. .., .
//
. 1996. 2. . 8 17.
103. . . . - .
. 1996. . 306 .
104. .., .., ...

//. 2000. - 10. - .47-48
105. .. . T.l. M., , 1993. 496 .
106. .., .. -
. : , 1998. 144 .
107. .., ..
, . , 1973.
108. / .
. .., .. .: . 1998. 432 .
109. .. . . . 1976. .348.
110. .. : ,
.
- . .
1999. . 446 .
111. .., . .
// .
1998. - . - .39-47.
112. ..
. . . . . .
., 1994. -28 .
113. .., .., .. . -
: ,
// . . 1998.
4. - . 4-9.

243

114. .. .
, 1998.256
115. ..
//. 1980. -3. . 87-91.
116. .., ..
// . 1988. 10.
. 72-77.
117. .., ..
// . . 1979. 7. . 6369.
118. .., ..
, // .
. 1979. - 10. - . 3136.
119. ..
: . ... - . . 1986. 28 .
120. .., .., .. .
//
. 1986. -6- .69-72.
121. .., . ., .. . //. 1988. 10. . 6872.
122. .., .., ..
// :
. . , 1995. . 191.
123. .. :
? ?// MuoKapducnews. 2005. 2. . 14.
124. .., .., ..
// , . 1994. . 66.
2. - .83-86.
125. .. ,
? // , 2004. . 8. 3.
. 100-104.
126. Achar K.N., AI-Nakib . Takayasu's arteritis and ulcerative colitis // Arn J
Gastroenterol. 1986. - V. 81. P. 1215.
127. AlfonzoJ.P, Rosario M.N., Ugarte C, et al. Atherosclerotic renovascular hypertension:
clinical findings and results of treatment over 15 years // Nefrologia. 2003;23(2):
P. 150-159.
128. Alhadad A., Mattiasson I., Ivancev K, GottsaterA., Lindblad B. Revascularisation
of renal artery stenosis caused by ftbromuscular dysplasia: effects on blood pressure
during 7-year follow-up are influenced by duration of hypertension and branch artery
stenosis. J Hum Hypertens. 2005 May 26;
129. AlzahraniA.S., Al-Hajjaj A., AT Watban J., Kanaan I. Severe hypertension secondary
to renal artery stenosis and Cushings syndrome. Saudi Med J. 2005 Apr; 26(4):
668-73.

244

130. AmanoJ., Suzuki A. Coronary artery involvement in Takayasu's arteritis// J Thorac

Cardiovasc Surg. - 1991. - V. 102.-P. 554.
131. Amato A, De Fabritiis A., Filippini M., Borgatti E. Detection of renal arterial
stenosis by ultrasound system (CFM). 17th world congress of the international union
of angiology. London, April, 1995. P. 245.
132. Ameis D, Knolinski T, GuthoffA, etal. 48-year-old patient with right sided flank pain
and hypertension of recent onset. Secondary hypertension caused by embolic renal
infarcts due to dissecting renal artery aneurysms // Internist (Berl). 2002 Sep;43(9):
P. 1129-32
133. Ando K, Takahashi K, Shibata S, Matsui H, Fujita M, Shibagaki Y, Shimosawa
T, Isshiki M, Fujita T. Two cases of renovascular hypertension and ischemic renal
dysfunction: reliable choice of examinations and treatments. Hypertens Res. 2004
Dec;27(12):985-92.
134. Anfelter P, Granerus G, Stenstrom H, et al. The effect of percutaneous dilatation
of renal arterial stenosis on captopril renography in hypertension // Blood Press.
2005; 14(6): P. 359-65.
135. Arap S, Denes FT, Bortolotto L. Renovascular hypertension in children // Curr Urol
Rep. - 2001 Jun;2(3): P. 181-2.
136. Ashida A., Matsumura H., Inoue N., etal. Two cases of hyponatremic-hypertensive
syndrome in childhood with renovascular hypertension // Eur J Pediatr. 2006. Jan
13; P. 1-4
137. Atnip RG, Neumyer MM, Healy DA, Thiele BL. Combined aortic and visceral arterial
reconstruction: risks and results. J Vase Surg. 1990 Dec; 12(6): 70514; discussion
714-5.
138. Baker K.M., Booz G.W., Dostal D.E. Cardiac actions of angiotensin II: role of an
intracardiac renin-angiotensin system // Annu Rev Physiol. 1992. V.54. P.
227.
139. BakrisG.L. Hypertension and nephropathy//Am. J. Med.. 2003 Dec 8; 115 Suppl
8A:P. 49-54.
140. Bardelli M., Veglio F., Arosio E. et al. New intrarenal echo-Doppler velocimetric
indices for the diagnosis of renal artery stenosis // Kidney Int. 2006. Feb;69(3): P.
580-7.
141. BartolozziC, Neri E., Caramella D. CT in vascular pathologies// Eur. J. Radiol.
1998. - V. 8. - 5. - P. 679-683.
142. Bastounis E., Pikoulis E., Georgopoulos S., Alexiou D., Leppaniemi A., Boulafendis
D. Surgery for renal artery aneurysms: a combined series of two large centers. Eur
Urol. - 1998;33(l):22-7
143. BaydouhA.R., Peers S.H., CirinoG, etal. Effect of endothelin-1 on the isolated heart
//J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. - 1989. - V. 13, Suppl. 5. - P. 193-196.
144. Benjamin M.E., Hansen K.J., Craven .., et al. Plonk GW, Geary RL, Dean RH.
Combined aortic and renal artery surgery. A contemporary experience. Ann Surg.
1996 May;223(5):55565; discussion 5657.

245

145. Bernini G., Pinto S., Arzilli F., et al. Treatment of renovascular disease and of
renovascular hypertension. J Nephrol. 1998 Nov-Dec; 11(6):3117.
146. Beseth B.D., Quinones-Baldrich W.J. Renal artery aneurysm secondary to
fibromuscular dysplasia in a young patient // Ann Vase Surg. 2005. Sep; 19(5):
P. 605-8.
147. Bettmann M.A., Dake M.D., Hopkins L.N., et al. Smalling RW, Sos , Venbrux
AC; American Heart Association. Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Conference:
Writing Group VI: revascularization. Circulation. 2004 Jun 1; 109(21):264350.
148. Bhowmik D., Dash S.C, Jain D., AgarwalS.K., TiwariS.C, DindaA.K. Renalartery
stenosis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in the contralateral kidney. Nephrol
Dial Transplant. 1998 Jun; 13(6): 15624.
149. Bloch M.J., Basile J. Analysis of recent papers in hypertension: atherosclerotic renal
artery stenosis is associated with an increased risk of adverse coronary events in the
elderly. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2005 Apr; 7(4):2523.
150. Bloch M.J., Basile J. Clinical insights into the diagnosis and management of
renovascular disease. An evidence-based review. Minerva Med. 2004 Oct;95(5):357
73.
151. Bloch M.J., Basile J. The diagnosis and management of renovascular disease: a primary
care perspective. Part 11. Issues in management. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich).
2003 Jul-Aug;5(4):261-8.
152. Bolduc JP, Oliva VL, Therasse E, Giroux MF, Bouchard L, Perreault P, Cliche
A, Soulez G. Diagnosis and treatment of renovascular hypertension: a cost-benefit
analysis. //AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005. Mar; 184(3):931-7.
153. Bosmans JL, De Broe ME. Renovascular hypertension: diagnostic and therapeutic
challenges. JBR-BTR. 2004 Jan-Feb;87(l):325.
154. Bourgoignie J.J., Rubbert K., Sfakianakis G.N. Angiotensin-converting enzymeinhibited renography for the diagnosis of ischemic kidneys // Am. J. Kidney Dis.
1994. - V.24. (4). P. 665-673.
155. Bozic ., BorkovicZ., BartolinZ., etal. Renovascular hypertension diagnosis and
treatment//Acta Med Croatica. 2005;59(4): P. 32935.
156. BriggsJ.P. Schermann J. The tubuloglomerularfeedback mechanism: functional and
biochemical aspects// Ann. Rev. Physiol. 1987. V.49. P. 251273.
157. Brown J.J., Davies D.L., Lever A.F., Robertson J.I.S. Variations in plasma renin
concentration in several physiological and pathological states. // Canad. Med Ass.
J., 1964, 90- P. 201-206.
158. Bubeck B. Radionuclide techniques for the evaluation of renal function: advantages
over convention al methodology. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 1995. V.4
(6). - P. 514-519.
159. Buller C.E., Nogareda J.G., Ramanathank R. etal. The profile of cardiac patients
with renal artery stenosis // J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004. 43: P. 160613.
160. Buller CE, Nogareda JG, Ramanathan K, Ricci DR, Djurdjev O, Tinckam KJ, Penn
IM, Fox RS, Stevens LA, Duncan J A, Levin A. The profile of cardiac patients with
renal artery stenosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 May 5;43(9):160613.

246

161. Bunchman .., Walker H.S.J., Joyce P.F., et al. Sonographic evaluation of renal
artery aneurysm in childhood// Pediatr. Radiol. 1991. V.21. P.312.
162. Bunnemann ., Fuxe K., Gantren D. The brain renin angiotensin system:
localization and general significance // J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1992. V. 19,
Suppl. 6. P. 851856.
163. Callicutt CS, Rush B, Eubanks T, Abul-Khoudoud OR. Idiopathic renal artery and
infrarenal aortic aneurysms in a 6-year-old child: case report and literature review.
J Vase Surg. 2005 May;41(5):8936.
164. Cambria RP, Brewster DC, L'ltalien GJ, GertlerJP, Abbott WM, LaMuraglia GM,
Moncure AC, Vignati J, Bazari H, Fang LT, Atamian S. Renal artery reconstruction
for the preservation of renal function. J Vase Surg. 1996 Sep;24(3):37180;
discussion 3802.
165. Cark R.A., Alexander E.S. Digital subtraction angiography of the renal arteries:
Prospective comparison with conventional arteriography // Invest Radiol. 1983.18:
P. 6
166. Carmo M, Bower TC, Mozes G, Nachreiner RD, Textor SC, Hoskin TL, Kalra M,
Noel AA, Panneton JM, Sullivan TM, Gloviczki P. Surgical management of renal
fibromuscular dysplasia: challenges in the endovascular era. Ann Vase Surg. 2005
Mar;19(2):208-17.
167. Casolo G.G. Using cine magnetic resonance imaging to assess mitral valve stenosis//
Prim. Cardiol. - 1993. - V.19.-P.37-45.
168. Cederholm ., Wieslander J., Byrden P. et al. Circulating complexes containing IgA
and fibronectin in patients with primary IgA nephropathy // Proc. nat. Acad. Sci.
USA. - 1988. V.85. N. 13. - P. 4865-68.
169. Chaikof EL, Smith RB 3rd, Salam AA, Dodson TF, Lumsden AB, Chapman R,
Kosinski AS. Empirical reconstruction of the renal artery: long-term outcome. // J.
Vase Surg. - 1996 Sep;24(3):406-14.
170. Chaikof EL, Smith RB 3rd, Salam AA, Dodson TF, Lumsden AB, Kosinski AS, Coyle
KA, Allen RC. Ischemic nephropathy and concomitant aortic disease: a ten-year
experience. J Vase Surg. 1994. Jan;19(l):13546; discussion 1468.
171. Chauvapun JP, Caty MG, Harris LM. Renal arteriovenous aneurysm in a 4-year-old
patient. J Vase Surg. 2005 Mar;41(3):5358.
172. Checinski P, Gabriel M, Dzieciuchowicz L, et al. Renovascular hypertension
simultaneous aortic and renal artery reconstruction // Langenbecks Arch Surg.
2002. Jul;387(3-4): P. 161-5
173. Cherr GS, Hansen KJ, Craven , Edwards MS, Ligush J Jr, Levy PJ, Freedman
I, Dean RH. Surgical management of atherosclerotic renovascular disease. J Vase
Surg. 2002 Feb;35(2):236-45.
174. Cheung CM, Wright JR, Shurrab AE, Mamtora H, Foley RN, O'Donoghue DJ,
Waldek S, Kalra PA. Epidemiology of renal dysfunction and patient outcome in
atherosclerotic renal artery occlusion. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002 Jan; 13(1): 14957.
175. Chiesa R, Melissano G, Castellano R. Giant renal artery aneurysm. J Vase Surg. 2004
Dec;40(6):1245.

247

176. Choo D.C., Fisher D.Z. Renal artery stenosis: when to intervene ?//Cardiol Rev.
2003 Sep-Oct; 11(5): P. 257-61.
177. Choo DC, Fisher DZ. Renal artery stenosis: when to intervene? Cardiol Rev. 2003
Sep-Oct; 11(5):257-61.
178. Chuang V.P., Ernst . Angiography for renal hypertension. In Neiman HL, YaoJST
(eds): Angiography of Vascular Disease. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1985. P.
151.
179. Cieszanowski A., Golebiowski M. The role of magnetic resonance angiography in the
diagnosis of renovascular hypertension // Pol Merkuriusz Lek. 2003 Oct; 15(88):
P. 377-9.
180. Clorius J.H., Mandelbaum A., Hupp T. et al. Exercise activates renal disfunction in
hypertension//Am. J. Hypertens. 1996. -V.9(7). P.653661.
181. Cohen DL, Townsend RR, Clark TW. Renal artery stenosis due to fibromuscular
dysplasia in an 18-week pregnant woman. Obstet Gynecol. 2005 May; 105(5):
1232-5.
182. Condon R.E., Nyhus L.M. (Ed.) Manual of surgical therapeutics. Boston, 1996.
183. Connolly J.E., Wilson S.E., Lawrence PL., Fujitani R.M. Middle aortic syndrome:
distal thoracic and abdominal coarctation, a disorder with multiple etiologies // J Am
Coll Surg. - 2002 Jun; 194(6): P. 774-81.
184. Cosgriff PS. Quality assurance in renography: a review. Nucl Med Commun. 1998
Jul; 19(7) :7 11-6.
185. CovitA.B. Medical treatment of renal artery stenosis: is it effective and appropriate?
//J Hypertens Suppl. 2005. Oct;23(3): P. 15-22.
186. Criado E., Izquierdo L., Lujan S., et al. Abdominal aortic coarctation, renovascular,
hypertension, and neurofibromatosis//Ann Vase Surg. 2002 May; 16(3): P. 3637.
187. Curry .., Messina L.M. Fibromuscular dysplasia: when is intervention warranted?
//Semin Vase Surg. 2003. Sep; 16(3): P. 190-9.
188. Dayton ., Helgerson R.B., Sollinger H.W., Archer C.W. Ruptured renal
artery aneurysm in a pregnant uninephric patient: Successful ex-vivo repair and
autotransplantation // Surgery. 1990. V.107.-P.708.
189. De Bold A.J. On the shoulders of giants: the discovery of atrial natriuretic factor //
Car. J. Phisiol. and Pharmacol. 1987. - V.65, N10. - P.2007-2012.
190. De Gasparo M., Husian A., Alexander W., et al. Proposed update of angiotensin
receptor nomenculature // pertention. 1995. V.25.-P.924927.
191. de Silva R, Nikitin NP, Bhandari S, Nicholson A, Clark AL, ClelandJG. Atherosclerotic
renovascular disease in chronic heart failure: should we intervene ? Eur Heart J. 2005
May 26;
192. Dean R.H., Benjamin M.E., Hansen K.J. Surgical management of renovascular
hypertension. Curr Probl Surg 1997; 34(3):209316.
193. Dean R.H., Meachum P.W., Weaver F.A. Ex vivo renal artery reconstructions:
Indications and techniques. J. Vase. Surg. 1986,4:546.
194. DeSomerF.M.,AumanJ.L., BaertA.L.,etal. Results of intravenous digital subtraction
angiography (IVDSA) as a screening method for renovascular hypertension. Br J
Radiol 57:667, 1984.

248

195. Dieter RS, Schmidt WS, Pacanowski JP Jr, Jaff MR. Renovascular hypertension.
Expert Rev Cardiovasc Then 2005 May;3(3):41322.
196. Dieter RS. The functional assessment of renal artery stenosis. Expert Rev Cardiovasc
Ther. 2005 May;3(3):369-70.
197. Dietz HC, Cutting GR, Pyeritz RE, et al. Marfan syndrome caused by a recurrent
de novo missense mutation in the fibrillin gene // Nature. 1991. V. 352.
P.337.
198. Dondi M., Fanti S., De Fabritiis A. et al. Prognostic value of captopril renal
scintigraphy in renovascular hypertension // J. Nucl. Med., 1992. V.33(II). P.
2040-2044.
199. D'Souza SJ, Tsai WS, Silver MM, Chait P, Benson EN, Silverman E, Hebert D,
Balfe JW. Diagnosis and management of stenotic aorto-arteriopathy in childhood. //
JPediatr. - 1998Jun;132(6):1016-22.
200. Dubernard J. M., Martin X., Gelet A., et al. Aneurysms of the renal artery: Surgical
management with special reference to extracorporeal surgery and autotransplantation
//Eur Urol 1985,11:26.
201. Dubernard J.M., Martin X, Mongin D., et al. Extracorporeal replacement of the
renal artery: Techniques, indications and long-term results. J Urol 1985 33:13.
202. Dustan HP, Humphries AW, deWolfe VG, et al. Normal arterial pressure inpatients
with renal arterial stenosis. JAMA 187:1028, 1964.
203. Dzau VJ, Burt DW, Pratt RE. Molecular biology of the renin-angiotensin system.
Am. J. Physiol. - 1988; 255: P. 563.
204. Dzsinich C, Gloviczki P, McKusick MA, Pairolero PC, Bower TC, Hallett JW Jr,
Cherry KJ Jr. Surgical management of renal artery aneurysm. Cardiovasc Surg.
1993 Jun; 1(3):243- 7.
205. Edelman R.R. MR angiography: present and future//AJ R. 1993. V. 161. P.
1-11.
206. Edwards MS, Craven , Burke GL, Dean RH, Hansen KJ. Renovascular disease
and the risk of adverse coronary events in the elderly: a prospective, population-based
study.//Arch Intern Med. 2005 Jan 24;165(2):207-13.
207. Ekelund L., Gerlock J., Molin J., et al. Roentgenologic appearance offibromuscular
dysplasia//Acta Radiol Diagn. 1978. 19: P.433.
208. EngelhornCA, EngelhornAL, PulligR. Vascular color Doppler ultrasound for assessing
renovascular hypertension: accuracy of the direct technique for assessing the renal
arteries. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2004 May;82(5):477-80, 473-6. Epub 2004 Jun 8.
209. English WP, Pearce JD, Craven , Wilson DB, Edwards MS, Ayerdi J, Geary RL,
Dean RH, Hansen KJ. Surgical management of renal artery aneurysms. //J. Vase
Surg. 2004 Jul;40(l):53-60.
210. Eskandari MK, Resnick SA. Aneurysms of the renal artery // Semin Vase Surg. 2005
Dec; 18(4): P. 202-8.
211. Eto M. Plasma renin activity in hypertensive and non-hypertensive patients and
clinical significance. Jap. Circulat. J., 1970, 34, 12, 12351236.
212. Eyier W. R., Clark M. D., Garman J. E., et al. Angiography of the renal areas including

249

a comparative study of renal artery stenosis in patients with and without hypertension
// Radiology. - 1962. V. 78:879, 1962.
213. Fiorani P., Faraglia V. Assessment of renal function during trimethaphan infusion in
prognostic evaluation of surgical management of renovascular hypertension // Clin.
ScL. - 1971,41:495-504.
214. Fishman E.K., Jeffrey R.B., Jr. Spiral CT. Principles, techniques and clinical
applications. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven Pubi, 1996.
215. Fommei E., Ghione S., Hilson A. et al. Captopril radi-onuclide test in renovascular
hypertension: European multicenter study. In: O'Reilly P., Taylor A., NallyJ. (eds.).
Radionuclides in nephrourology, vol. 1. Blue Bell, PA: Field & World, 1994, p. 33
37.
216. Fortes Z.B., de Nucci G., Garcia-Leme Y. Effect of endotelin-I on arterioles and
venules in vivo//J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1989. V. 13, Suppl. 5. P. 200
201.
217'. Frances C,Boisnic S, Bletry 0, et al. Cutaneous manifestations of Takayasu arteritis.
Dermatologica 181: 266, 1990
218. Galaria II, Surowiec SM, Rhodes JM, Illig KA, Shortell CK, Sternbach Y, Green
RM, Davies MG. Percutaneous and open renal revascularizations have equivalent
long-term functional outcomes. Ann Vase Surg. 2005 Mar;19(2):21828.
219. Gandy SJ, Sudarshan , Sheppard DG. Al Dynamic MRI contrast enhancement of
renal cortex: a functional assessment of renovascular disease in patients with renal
artery stenosis. Ian EC, McLeay , Houston JG.
220. Ganong W.F. The brain renin-angiotensin system //Annu Rev Physiol. 1984; 46:
P. 17.
221. Garcia-Saura MF, Galisteo M, Villar 1, Bermejo A, Zarzuelo A, Vargas F, Duarte
J. Effects of chronic quercetin treatment in experimental renovascular hypertension.
Mol Cell Biochem. 2005 Feb;270(l-2): 147-55.
222. Garovic V.D., Kane G.C., Schwartz G.L. Renovascular hypertension: balancing the
controversies in diagnosis and treatment// Cleve Clin J Med. 2005 Dec; 72(12): 1135
44, P. 1146-7.
223. Garovic V.D., Textor S.C. Renovascular hypertension and ischemic nephropathy //
Circulation. 2005Aug 30; 112(9): P. 1362-74.
224. Gil Montero GH, Bagley M. Renal vascular hypertension secondary to renal artery
aneurysm. Urology 1975,6: P. 647.
225. Godon P, Brion R, Guerard S, MonnierG, Chaffotte L. (Acute arterial hypertension
caused by dissecting aneurysm of the renal artery) Presse Med. 1998 Apr
4;27(13):612-5.
226. Goldfarb DA. Renal transplantation and renovascular hypertension // J Urol. 2005.
Dec; 174(6): P. 2289-90.
227'. Graham EM, Zeienock GB, Eriandson , et al. Abdominal aortic coarctation and
segmental hypoplasia //Surgery. 1979.86 P. 519.
228. Gray B.H. Intervention for renal artery stenosis: endovascular and surgical roles //
J Hypertens Suppl. 2005 Oct;23(3): P. 239.

250

229. Grujicic S., Sagic D., Peric M. et al. Long-term clinical outcome after percutaneous
transluminal renal angioplasty: results in 182 patients with 13 years of follow-up. 17th
world congress of the international union ofangiology. London, April, 1995, p. 274.
230. Gunay EC, Ozturk MH, Ergun EL, Altun B, Salanci BV, UgurO, , Hekimoglu
, . Losartan renography for the detection of renal artery stenosis: comparison
with captopril renography and evaluation of dose and timing. Eur J Nucl Med Mol
Imaging. 2005 May 5
231. Gunter R. W. Vascular lesions and vascular intervention in the kidney. Gastrointestinal
and urogenital radiology. World trade center, Seville, Spain, 1997.
232. Guntrie G.P.Jr. Angiotensin receptors: Physiology and pharmacology // Clin.
Cardiol. - 1995. - V. 18. - P. 29-34.
233. Hachiya J. Current concepts of Takayasu's arteritis // Semin Roentgenol 1970.5:
P. 245.
234. Haesemeyer SW, Vedantham S, Braverman A. Renal artery stent placement
complicated by development of a Type aortic dissection. Cardiovasc Intervent
Radiol. 2005 Jan-Feb;28(1):98-101.
235. Hall S, Buchbinder R. Takayasu's arteritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1990.16:P.
411.
236. Hall S., Barr W., Lie J.T. et al. Takayasu arteritis. A study of 32 North American
patients. Medicine 64:89, 1985.
237. Hall W.D. Diagnostic evaluation of the patient with systemic arterial hypertension.
In: Hurst's The Heart. 9th Edition. International Edition, 1998; 165172.
238. Haller Arteriosclerotic renal artery stenosis: Conservative versus interventional
management// Heart, 2002; 88: 193197.
239. Hammerman M.R., O'Shea M., Miller S.B. Role of growth factors in regulation of
renal growth. Amu Rev Physiol. 1993; 55:305.
240. Han M, Criado E. Renal artery stenosis and aneurysms associated with
neurofibromatosis. J Vase Surg. 2005 Mar;41(3):53943.
241. Hansen K.J., Dean R.H. Renovascular disease. In book Gewertz B.L., Schwartz B.L.
Surgery of the aorta and Its Branches. 2000; 251326.
242. Hansen KJ, Cherr GS, Craven , Motew SJ, Travis J A, Wong JM, Levy PJ,
Freedman I, LigushJ Jr, Dean RH. Management of ischemic nephropathy: dialysisfree survival after surgical repair. J Vase Surg. 2000 Sep;32(3):47281.
243. Hansen KJ, Deitch JS, Oskin TC, Ligush J Jr, Craven , Dean RH. Renal artery
repair: consequence of operative failures. Ann Surg. 1998 May;227(5):67889;
discussion 68990.
244. Hansen KJ, LundbergAH, Benjamin ME, Casey WJ, Craven , BleyerAJ, Dean
RH. Is renal revascularization in diabetic patients worthwhile?// J. Vase Surg.
1996 Sep;24(3):383-392; discussion 392-393.
245. Hansen KJ, O'Neil EA, Reavis SW, Craven , Plonk GW Jr, Dean RH.
Intraoperative duplex sonography during renal artery reconstruction. J Vase Surg.
1991 Sep; 14(3):364-74.

251

246. Hansen KJ, Starr SM, Sands RE, BurkartJM, Plonk GWJr, Dean RH. Contemporary
surgical management of renovascular disease. J Vase Surg. 1992 Sep;16(3):319
330.
247. Hansen KJ, Thomason RB, Craven , Fuller SB, Keith DR, Appel RG, Dean RH.
Surgical management of dialysis-dependent ischemic nephropathy. J Vase Surg.
1995 Feb;21(2): 197-209.
248. Harrington D.P. Renal digital subtraction angiography. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol
1983. 6: P. 214.
249. Hartner A, Cordasic N, Goppelt-Struebe M. et al. Role of macula densa
cyclooxygenase2 in renovascular hypertension // Am J Physiol Renal Physiol.
2003 Mar;284(3): P. 498-502.
250. Havey R.J., Krumlovsky F., delGreco F., etal. Screeningfor renovascular hypertension:
Is renal digital-subtraction angiography the preferred noninvasive test? JAMA 254:388,
1985.
251. Hawkins S. Ischaemic nephropathy. N Z Med J. - 1998 May 22; 111(1066): 195.
252. Hayashida M, Watanabe N, Imamura H, Kumazaki S, Kitabayashi H, Takahashi
W, Uchikawa S, Yazaki Y, Kubo K. Congenital Solitary Kidney With Renovascular
Hypertension Diagnosed by Means ofCaptopril-enhanced Renography and Magnetic
Resonance Angiography. Int Heart J. 2005;46(2):34753.
253. Heim P, Fernandez S, Nicolas V. (Spontaneous renal artery dissection) Rofo. 1997
Dec;167(6):652-4.
254. Helenon 0., Rody F, Correas J.M. et al. Color Doppler US of renovascular disease
in native kidneys // Radiographics. 1995. V 15. 4. P. 833854.
255. Henke PK, Cardneau JD, Welling TH 3rd, et al. Renal artery aneurysms: a 35-year
clinical experience with 252 aneurysms in 168patients//Ann Surg. 2001 Oct;234(4):
P. 454-63.
256. Henke PK, Cardneau JD, Welling TH 3rd, Upchurch GRJr, Wakefield TW, Jacobs
LA, Proctor SB, Greenfield LJ, Stanley JC. Renal artery aneurysms: a 35-year clinical
experience with 252 aneurysms in 168 patients. Ann Surg. 2001 Oct;234(4):454
62.
257. Henriksson C, Bjorkerud S., Nilson A.E., et al. Natural history of renal artery
aneurysm elucidated by repeated angiography and pathoanatomical studies. Eur
Urol 1975,11:244.
258. Henry M, Henry I, Klonaris C, et al. Renal angioplasty and stenting under protection:
the way for the future? Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2003 Nov; 60(3): P. 299312.
259. Herrera AH, Davidson RA. Renovascular disease in older adults. // Clin Geriatr
Med. - 1998 May; 14(2): P.237-254.
260. Higgins C.B., Kaufman L., Crooks L.E. Magnetic resonance imaging of the
cardiovascular system//Am. Heart J. 1985. V. 109. P. 136151.
261. Hillman B.J. Lesions causing renovascular hypertension. In Imaging and Hypertension.
Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1983.-49 p.
262. Hollenberg N.K. Medical therapy of renovascular hypertension: efficacy and safe of
captopril in 269patients. Cardiovasc Rev Rep;4: 85276, 1983.

252

263. Holley . ., Hunt J.., Brown A.L. etal. Renal artery stenosis: A clinical-pathologic
study in normotensive patients // Am. J. Med. 37:14. 1964.
264. Hollister DW, Godfrey M, Sakai LY, Pyeritz RE. Immunohistologic abnormalities of
the microfibrillar-fiber system in the Marfan syndrome. N Engi J Med 1990.323: P.
152.
265. Hood M.N., Ho V.B., Corse W.R. Three-dimensional phase-contrast magnetic
resonance angiography: a useful clinical adjunct to gadolinium-enhanced threedimensional renal magnetic resonance angiography? // Mil Med. 2002 Apr; 167(4):
P. 343-9.
266. Hunt JC, Harrison EG Jr, Kincaid OW, etal. Idiopathic fibrous and fibromuscular
stenosis of the renal arteries associated with hypertension. Mayo Clin Proc 1972. 36:
P. 707.
267. Hupp T,AllenbergJR, Post , Roeren T, Meier M, CloriusJH. Renal artery aneurysm:
surgical indications and results. Eur J Vase Surg. 1992 Sep;6(5):47786.
268. HurwitzG.A., GhaliS. K, MattarA. G. etal. Dynamic renal imaging with technetium
99m-sestamibi in hypertension: potential for assessment of renovascular disorders, J.
Nucl. Med., 1994, 35(12): P. 1959-64.
269. HurwitzG.A., PoweJ. E., Wesolowski C.A., MattarA.G. Comparison of Tl201 renal
uptake with Tc99m DTPA angiorenography inpatients with hypertension. Measures
of renal asymmetry. Clin. Nucl. Med., 1992,17(6): 463468.
270. Imanishi M, Yano M, Okumura M, Kimura G, Kawano Y, Oda J, Hayashida K,
Ishida Y, Takamiya M, Omae T Aspirin renography in diagnosis of unilateral
renovascular hypertension. Hypertens Res. 1998 Sep;21(3):20913.
271. Ishikawa K. Natural history and classification of occlusive thromboaortopathy
(Takayasu's disease). Circulation 57:27. 1978.
272. Jackson ., Dugdale L. Renal artery digital-subtraction angiography: An outpatient
investigation for renovascular hypertension. Med J Aust 142:18, 1985.
273. Januszewicz W, Chodakowska J, Styczynski G. Secondary hypertension in the elderly.
J Hum Hypertens. - 1998 Sep; 12(9):603- 6.
21 A. Johnston W.K. 3rd, London E.T., Perez RV. Renal autotransplantation for
renovascular hypertension: extraperitoneal renal approach and use of the ovarian
vein for vascular reconstruction// J Am Coll Surg. 2002 Jan; 194(l):8892.
275. Judge R.D., Currier R.D., Grade W.A. etal. Takayasu's arteritis and the aortic arch
syndrome. Am. J. Med. 32:379, 1962.
276. Juvenois A, Ghysels M, Galle C, Tielemans C, Abramowicz D, Vereerstraeten P,
Depauw L, Van Herweghem JL. Successful revascularization for acute renal
allograft thrombosis after 32 hours of ischaemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999
Jan; 14(1): 199201.
211. Kanitkar M. Renovascular Hypertension. Indian Pediatr. 2005 Jan 7;42(1):47
54.
278. Kaplan N.A. Systemic Hypertension: Mechanisms and Diagnosis. In: Heart Disease.
A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. Ed. By E. Braunwald. 5th edition. W.D.
Saunders Company, 1997: 80739.Katayama H., Yamaguchi K., Kozuka T. et al.

253

Adverse reactions to ionic and nonionic contrast media: a report from the Japanese
committee on the safety of contrast media // Radiology. 1990. V. 75. P. 621
628.
279. Karasch T, Rubin J. Diagnosis of renal artery stenosis and renovascular hypertension.
Eur J Ultrasound. - 1998 Jul;7 Suppl 3:S27-39.
280. Katsenis K, Vlahakos DV, Antoniadis P, Kostopanagiotou G, AntoniouA, Chatziioannou
A, Arapoglou V, Agroyannis B, Dimakakos P. Renal-portal shunt ameliorates
renovascular hypertension in pigs. Artif Organs. 2005 Apr;29(4):3337.
281. Khamanarong K, Prachaney P, Utraravichien A, Tong- Un T, Sripaoraya Anatomy
of renal arterial supply. Clin Anat. 2004 May;l7(4):3346.
282. Khosla S. Renal artery stenosis: a review of therapeutic options. Minerva Cardioangiol.
2005 Feb;53(l):79-91.
283. Khosla S. Renal artery stenosis: a review of therapeutic options. Minerva Cardioangiol.
2005 Feb;53(l):79-91.
284. Khraisis MM, Gladman DD, Dagenais P, et al. HLA antigens in North American
patients with Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Rheum 35:573, 1992.
285. Kim DI, Lee SJ, Kim YI, Lee BB. Preservation of renal function in reimplantation
of renal artery of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2000
Feb;41(l):121-3.
286. Kim TS, Chung J W, Park JH, KimSH, Yeon KM, Han MC Renal artery evaluation:
comparison of spiral CT angiography to intra-arterial DSA.//J. Vase Interv Radiol.
1998 Jul-Aug;9(4):553-9.
287. Kim ., Murakami ., Takahashi S. etal. Effects of injection rates of contrast material
on arterial phase hepatic CT//A. J. R. - 1998. - V 171. P. 429-432.
288. Klein G.E., Karaic R., SchreyerH. Endovascular treatment of renal aneuriysms with
conventional microcoils and Gunglielmi detachable microcoils (GDC). 17th world
congress of the international union of angiology. London, April, 1995. 274 p.
289. Knipp BS, Dimick JB, Eliason JL, Cowan JA, Henke PK, Proctor MS, Stanley
JC, Upchurch GR. Diffusion of new technology for the treatment of renovascular
hypertension in the United States: surgical revascularization versus catheter-based
therapy, 1988-2001. J Vase Surg. 2004Oct;40(4):717-23.
290. Konen E., Rozenman J., Amitai M. et al. Virtual CT angioscopy of pulmonary arteries
in a patient with multiple pulmonary emboli// A. J. R. 1998. V. 171. P. 399
401.
291. Koumi S., Endo ., Okumura H., et al. A case of Takayasu's arteritis associated with
membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome // Nephron.
1990. - N 54: P. 344.
292. Kovacikova L, Kunovsky P, Skrak P, Haviar D, Martanovic P. Renovascular
hypertension in infant presenting with cardiogenic shock. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2005
May;21(5):322-4.
293. Koyanagi T, Nonomura K, Takeuchi I, et al. Surgery for renovascular diseases: a
single-center experience in revascularizing renal artery stenosis and aneurysm // Urol
Int. - 2002;68(1): P. 24-31.

254

294. Koyanagi T, Nonomura , Takeuchi I, Watarai Y, Seki T, Kakizaki H. Surgery

for renovascular diseases: a single-center experience in revascularizing renal artery
stenosis and aneurysm. Urol Int. 2002;68(1):2431.
295. Krijnen P, van Jaarsveld , Steyerberg EW. Man in 't Veld AJ, Schalekamp MA,
Habbema JD. A clinical prediction rule for renal artery stenosis. // Ann Intern
Med. - 1998. Nov 1;129(9):705-11.
296. Kruszewski K, Kalinowska J, Chabielska E, Kasacka I, Ostrowska H. Changes in
proteasome activity in the ischemic kidney of rat with experimental renovascular
hypertension. Rocz Akad Med Bialymst. 2004;49 Suppl 1:2524.
297. Krzesinski J.M. Diagnostic criteria for renovascular hypertension // Acta Chir Belg.
2002 Jun; 102(3): P. 159-66.
298. Kubale R. Aorta and its symmetrical branches / in book Color duplex sonography
by Wolf K.J. and Fobbe F. - 1995. P. 135-137.
299. Kulbaski MJ, Kosinski AS, Smith RB 3rd, Salam AA, Dodson TF, Lumsden AB,
Chaikof EL. Concomitant aortic and renal artery reconstruction in patients on an
intensive antihypertensive medical regimen: long-term outcome. Ann Vase Surg.
1998 May;12(3):270-7.
300. Kuyvenhoven JD, Ham HR, Piepsz A. The estimation of renal transit using
renographyour opinion. Nucl Med Commun. 2004 Dec;25(12):122331.
301. Lagneau P, Michel JB, Vuong PN. Surgical treatment of Takayasu's disease. Ann
Surg 205:157, 1987
302. Lagneau P., MichelJ.B., Charrat J.M. Use of polytetrafluoroethylene graft for renal
bypass. J. Vascular Surgery, 1987. V.5.- 5. - P. 738-742.
303. Lagneau P., Michel J.., Vuong P.N. Surgical treatment of Takayasu's disease //
Ann Surg 205:157, 1987.
304. Langer R, Perner F. Autotransplantation of the kidney 100 years after Imre Ullmann's
pioneering operation //' Orv Hetil. 2003 Jun 8; 144(23): P. 11159.
305. Lanser P., Yoganathan A.P. Vascular imaging by color Doppler and magnetic
resonance. Springer Verlag, 1991.
306. Lee B, Godfrey M, Vitale E, etal. Linkage of Marfan syndrome and a phenotypically
related disorder to two different fibrillin genes. Nature 1991.352: P. 330.
307. Leertouwer TC, Pattynama PM, van den Berg-Huysmans A. Incidental renal artery
stenosis in peripheral vascular disease: a case for treatment? Kidney Int. 2001
Apr; 59(4): 1480-3.
308. Leitao MJ, da Gama AD. (Surgical management of Takayasu 's arteritis with extensive
vascular involvement and bilateral renal artery stenosis) Rev Port Cir Cardiotorac
Vase. 2004 Jan-Mar;ll(l):35-9.
309. Lindpaintner K., Ganten D. The cardiac renin-angiotensin system; a synopsis of
current experimental and clinical data // NIPS 1991. 6.-P.227231.
310. Lumsden AB, Salam , Walton KG. Renal artery aneurysm: a report of 28 cases.
Cardiovasc Surg. 1996 Apr;4(2):1859.
311. Lupi-Herrera E, Sanchez-Torres G, Marcushamer J, et al. Takayasu's arteritis.
Clinical study of 107 cases//Am Heart J. 1977.93: P. 94.

255

312. Luscher Th. F., BoulanderC.M., Yasuaki D., etal. Endotelium-derived Contracting
factors//Hypertention. - 1992. - V. 19, N 2. - P. 117-131.
313. Magnetic resonance angiography/Ed. by Pavone E., BongardzG., MarchalG. Rome:
Syllabus ESMRMB, 1993.
314. Mailloux L. U. Atherosclerotic ischemic renal vascular disease: do published outcomes
justify the overzealous diagnostic approaches?//Semin Nephrol. 2003. May;23(3):
P. 278-82.
315. Malatino LS, Polizzi G, Garozzo M, Rapisarda F, Fatuzzo P, Bellanuova I, Cataliotti
A, Brozzetti A, Neri S, Malfa PA, Cotroneo GB. Diagnosis of renovascular disease by
extra- and intrarenal Dopplerparameters. Angiology. 1998 Sep;49(9):70721.
316. Mann S., Pickering T, Sos T. et al. Captopril renography in the diagnosis of renal
artery stenosis: accuracy and limitations. Am.J. Med., 1991, 90: 3040.
317. Manoharan G., Pijls N.H., Lameire N., et al. Assessment of renal flow and flow
reserve in humans//J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006. 7; 47(3): P. 620-5.
318. Marekovic Z, Mokos I, Krhen I, Goreta NR, Roncevic T. Long-term outcome after
surgical kidney revascularization for fibromuscular dysplasia and atherosclerotic
renal artery stenosis. J Urol. 2004 Mar; 171(3): 10435.
319. Marekovic Z., Mokos L, Krhen I., et al. Long-term outcome after surgical kidney
revascularization for fibromuscular dysplasia and atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis
//J Urol. 2004 Mar; 171(3): P. 1043-5.
320. Marone LK, Clouse WD, Dorer DJ, Brewster DC, Lamuraglia GM, Watkins
MT, Kwolek CJ, Cambria RP. Preservation of renal function with surgical
revascularization in patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease. J Vase Surg.
2004 Feb;39(2):322-9.
321. Martin R.S., Meacham P.W., DitesheimJ.A., etal. Renal artery aneurysm: Selective
treatment for hypertension and prevention of rupture // J. Vase. Surg. 1989. N 9.
P. 26.
322. Masaki T. The discovery the present state, and future prospects of endothelium // J.
Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1989. V. 13, Suppl. 5. P. S1-S4.
323. Maschio G. Effect of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor benazepril on the
progression of chronic renal insufficiency // N. Engl. J. Med., 1996. 1. P. 939
945.
324. Matsagas Ml, Mitsis M, Batsis C, Rigopoulos C, Kappas AM. A renal artery
aneurysm incidentally found at operation. Should it be resected? Int Angiol. 2004
Jun;23(2): 189-91.
325. Maxwell MH, Gonick HC, Wiita R, et al. Use of the rapid sequence intravenous
pyelogram in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension // N. Engi. J. Med.
1964. - 213. - P.270.
326. McCormack L. Renovascular hypertension and renal revascularization // Med. Clin.
North.Amer, 1961. 45. P.274.
327. McKusick V.A. A form of vascular disease relatively frequent in the Orient // Am
Heart J 63:57, 1962.

256

328. Meaney T.F., Baghery S.A.S. Radiology of renovascular hypertension. In Breslin D.J.,
Swinton N. W., Libertino J.A., et al., (eds): Renovascular Hypertension. Baltimore,
Williams & Wilkins, 1982, P. 78.
329. Mehta M, Darling RC 3rd, Roddy SP, Ozsvath KJ, Kreienberg PB, Paty PS, Chang
BB, Resnikoff M, Shah DM. Outcome of concomitant renal artery reconstructions
in patients with aortic aneurysm and occlusive disease. Vascular. 2004 NovDec;12(6):381-6.
330. Meier G H., Sumpio ., Setaro J. F. et al. Captopril renal scintigraphy: a new standard
for predicting outcome after renal revascularization//J. Vase. Surg. 1993,17 (2):
280-285.
331. Mercier C, Piquet P, Piligian F, Ferdani M. Aneurysms of the renal artery and its
branches. Ann Vase Surg. 1986Nov; 1(3):3217.
332. Montgomery RC, Richardson JD, HartyJI. Posttraumatic renovascular hypertension
after occult renal injury. J Trauma. 1998 Jul;45(l):10610.
333. Morales E., Pineda C, Martinez-Lavin M. Takayasu's arteritis in children // J
Rheumatol. - 1991. - V.18. - P. 1081.
334. Morel O, Furber A, L'Hoste P, Le Jeune JJ, Geslin P, Denizot B, Jallet P.
(Renovascular hypertension due to renal artery thrombosis) Arch Mai Coeur Vaiss.
1998 Apr;91(4):425-30.
335. Morikawa T, Imanishi M, Suzuki H, Okada N, Okumura M, Konishi Y, Yoshioka K,
Takai S, Miyazaki M. Mast cell chymase in the ischemic kidney of severe unilateral
renovascular hypertension. Am J Kidney Dis. 2005 Mar;45(3):e4550.
336. Muller B.T., ReiherL., Pfeiffer T. et al. Surgical treatment of renal artery dissection
in 25patients: indications and results // J Vase Surg. 2003 Apr;37(4): P. 7618.
337. Murakami T, Makino Y, Suto Y, Yasuda K. Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in
a patient with a congenital solitary pelvic kidney. A case report. J Cardiovasc Surg
(Torino). 2004 Oct;45(5):501-4.
338. Murphy T.J., Nacamura Y., Takeuchi K, et al. A cloned angiotensin receptor
isoformfrom the turkey adrenal grand is pharmacologically distinct from mammalian
angiotensin receptors//Mol. Pharmacol. 1993.V.44.P.17.
339. Murphy T.P., RundbackJ.H., CooperC etal. Chronic renal ischemia: implications for
cardiovascular disease risk// J Vase Interv Radiol. 2002 Dec; 13(12): P. 118798.
340. Murray SP, Kent , Salvatierra 0, Stoney RJ. Complex branch renovascular disease:
management options and late results. J Vase Surg. 1994 Sep;20(3):33845;
discussion 346.
341. Mussaume 0., BouttierS., DuchatelleJ.R, etal. Mesenteric infarction in Takayasu's
disease//Ann Vase Surg. - 1990. V.4. P.T17
342. Nakamoto H, Ferrario CM, Buckalew VM, Suzuki H. Role of nitric oxide in the
evolution of renal ischemia in two-kidney, one-clip renovascular hypertension.
Hypertens Res. - 1998Dec;21(4):267-77.
343. Nakao K, Ikeda M., Kimata S., et al. Takayasu's arteritis. Clinical report of eightyfour cases and immunological studies of seven cases // Circulation. 1967.
VJS.-P.U41.

257

344. Nally J. V.Jr. Provocative captopril testing in the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension
// Urol. Clin. North. Am. - 1994. - V.21(2).-P227-234.
345. Negoro H, Iwamura H, Oka H, Kawakita M, Ariyoshi K, Koda Y, Imai Y.
Traumatic renal artery thrombosis with renovascular hypertension, lnt J Urol. 2004
Oct;ll(10):903-5.
346. Nemeek A.A., Hoimburg C.E. Reversible renal fibromuscular dysplasia //Am J
Roentgenol. - 1986. - V. 147.-P.737.
347. NHLBI Workshop on Renovascular Disease: Summary report and recommendations
//Hypertension. 1984. V.7.-P.452.
348. Nilsson A. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of the kidneys. Eur Radiol. 2004 Oct; 14
Suppl 8.P104-9.
349. Nolan BW, Schermerhorn ML, Rowell E, Powell RJ, Eillinger ME, Rzucidlo
EM, Wyers MC, Zwolak RM, Walsh DB, Cronenwett JL. Outcomes of renal artery
angioplasty and stenting using low-profile systems. J Vase Surg. 2005 Jan;41(l):46
52.
350. Nord E.P Renal actions of endothelin// Kidney Int. 1993. V.44. P. 451.
351. Nordhus 0., Ekestrom S., Liljeqvist L., Tidgren B. Renal artery reconstruction in
renovascular hypertension. Scand J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1978; 12(2): 1119.
352. Novick A.C. Atherosclerotic renovascular disease // J Urol. 1981. V.26.
P. 567.
353. Novick AC. Surgical revascularization for renal artery disease: current status. BJU
Int. 2005 Mar;95 Suppl 2:75- 7.
354. Oguzkurt L, Tercan F, Gulcan O, Turkoz R. Rupture of the renal artery after cutting
balloon angioplasty in a young woman with fibromuscular dysplasia. Cardiovasc
Intervent Radiol. 2005 May-Jun;28(3):3603.
355. Ohta Y, Tsuchihashi ., Ohya Y.,etal. Trends in the pathophysiological characteristics
of malignant hypertension // Hypertens Res. 2001 Sep;24(5):P. 48992.
356. Olin JW. Atherosclerotic renal artery disease // Cardiol Clin. 2002 Nov;20(4): P.
547-62.
357. 'Neill J A Jr. Long-term outcome with surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension.
J Pediatr Surg. - 1998 Jan;33(l):106ll.
358. OrtenbergJ, Novick AC, Straffon RA, Stewart BH. Surgical treatment of renal artery
aneurysms. Br J Urol. 1983 Aug;55(4):3416.
359. Oskin TC, Hansen KJ, DeitchJS, Craven , Dean RH. Chronic renal artery occlusion:
nephrectomy versus revascularization. J Vase Surg. 1999 Jan;29(l):1409.
360. Palmer F.J. The RACR survey of intravenous contrast media reactions: final report
//Austral. Radiol. - 1988. - V.32.-P 426-428.
361. Panja M., Kar A.K., Dutta A.L., et al. Cardiac involvement in nonspecific aortoarteritis// lnt J Cardiol. - 1992. V.34.-P.289.
362. Park S.H., Chi J.G., Choi Y. Primary intimal fibroplasia with multiple aneurysms of
renal artery in childhood//Child Nephrol Urol. 1990. V. 10.-P.51.
363. Pascual A, Bush HS, Copley JB. Renal fibromuscular dysplasia in elderly persons.
Am J Kidney Dis. 2005 Apr;45(4).

258

364. PatelST, MillsJLSr, Tynan-Cuisinier G, Goshima KR, Westerband A, Hughes JD.

The limitations of magnetic resonance angiography in the diagnosis of renal artery
stenosis: comparative analysis with conventional arteriography. // J Vase Surg. 2005
Mar;41(3):462-468.
365. Paulsen D., Klow N.E., Lien ., Fauchald P. Treatment of renal artery stenosis //
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. - 2001 Nov 20;121(28):P 3264-9
366. Pfeiffer T, Reiher L, Grabitz K, Grunhage B, Hafele S, Voiculescu A, Furst G,
Sandmann W. Reconstruction for renal artery aneurysm: operative techniques and
long-term results. J Vase Surg. 2003 Feb;37(2):293-300.
367. Pfeiffer ., Muller . ., Huber R. Management of patients with renal artery stenosis.
Reappraisal of operative treatment // Herz. 2004 Feb;29(l):7689.
368. Pfeiffer ., Reiher L., Grabitz K, et al. Reconstruction for renal artery aneurysm:
operative techniques and long-term results // J Vase Surg. 2003 Feb;37(2):
P. 293-300.
369. Pidus A., Owens D., Fajman W. et al. The association of renovascular disease with
asymmetric renal uptake of adenosine 20 IT I scintigraphy // J. Nucl. Med. 1991, 32
(5): P. 1104.
370. PiercyKT, Hundley JC, Stafford JM, Craven , Nagaraj SK, Dean RH, Hansen KJ.
Renovascular disease in children and adolescents. J Vase Surg. 2005 Jun;41(6):973
82.
371. Pliskin M.J., Dresner M.L., Hassell L.H. et al. A giant renal artery aneurysm
diagnosed post partum //J Urol. 1990,144: P. 1459.
372. Plouin PF, Clement DL, Boccalon H, et al. A clinical approach to the management
of a patient with suspected renovascular disease who presents with leg ischemia // Int
Angiol. 2003 Dec;22(4):P. 333-9.
373. Poutasse E.F. Renal artery aneurysms// J Urol. 1975, 443:113.
374. Prince MR. Renal MR angiography: a comprehensive approach. J Magn Reson
Imaging. - 1998 May-Jun;8(3):511-6.
375. Procter CD, Hollier LH. Takayasu's arteritis and temporal arteritis.
376. Pun E, Dowling RJ, Mitchell PJ. Acute presentations of renal artery stenosis in
three patients with a solitary functioning kidney. Australas Radiol. 2004 Dec;48(4):
523-7.
377. Puppinck P, Chevalier J, Ducasse E, Smith M, WarembourgA, Coco B, Dasnoy D, de
la Croix de Ravignau D, Mclrvine A. Connection between a long-standing traumatic
arteriovenous fistula and development of aneurysmal disease. Ann Vase Surg. 2004
Sep;18(5):604-7. Epub 2004Aug 6.
378. PyeritzR.E. Marfan syndrome. N Engi J Med 323:987, 1990.
379. RatcliffPJ. Molecular biology of erythropoetin // Kidney Int. 1993; 44:887.
380. Re R.N. Cellular biology of the renin-angiotensin systems // Arch. Intern. Med.
1984. - V 144, N. 10- P. 2037-2041.
381. Reilly LM, Cunningham CG, Maggisano R, Ehrenfeld WK, Stoney RJ. The role of
arterial reconstruction in spontaneous renal artery dissection. J Vase Surg. 1991
Oct;14(4):468-77; discussion 477-9.

259

382. Renard , Lestrat JP, Clavier E, Heautot JF, Thiebot J, Carsin M. (Renal
arteriovenous fistula associated with fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal arteries) J
Radiol. 2004 Oct;85(10 Pt 1): 1733-5.
383. Richard S. Vascular effects of calcium channel antagonists: new evidence // Drugs.
2005;65 Suppl 2: P. 1-10. Review.
384. Rigatelli G. Aortoiliac angiography during coronary artery angiography detects
significant occult aortoiliac and renal artery atherosclerosis in patients with coronary
atherosclerosis. // Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2004 Aug;20(4):299303.
385. Rizzoni D, Muiesan ML, Porteri E, Salvetti M, Castellano M, Bettoni G, Tiberio G,
Giulini SM, Monteduro C, Garavelli G, Agabiti-Rosei E. Relations between cardiac
and vascular structure inpatients with primary and secondary hypertension. // J. Am.
Coll Cardiol. - 1998 Oct;32(4):985-92.
386. Robitaille P, Lord H, Dubois J, Rypens F, Oligny LL. A large unilateral renal artery
aneurysm in a young child. Pediatr Radiol. 2004 Mar;34(3):2535. Epub 2003
Oct 28.
387. Robitaille P., Lord H., Dubois J., et al. A large unilateral renal artery aneurysm in
a young child// Pediatr Radiol. - 2004 Mar;34(3): P. 2535.
388. Roccatello D., PicciottoG., RabbiaC, etal. Prospective study on captopril renography
in hypertensive patients // Am J Nephrol 12(6):406, 1992.
389. Rodriguez-Iturbe ., Quiroz Y., Kim C.H., Vaziri N.D. Hypertension induced by
aortic coarctation above the renal arteries is associated with immune cell infiltration
of the kidneys//Am JHypertens. 2005 Nov; 18(11): P. 1449-56.
390. Rollin O.C, Garofalo G., Roccatello P. et al. Color-coded Doppler sonography in
monitoring native kidney biopsies // Nephrol-Dial- Transplant. 1994. V. 9.
9. P. 12603.
391. Romero-Teran 0, Torres-Contreras LM, Mora-Fol JR, Andrade-Sepulveda VR,
Baeza-Herrera (Calcified renal artery aneurism and high blood pressure. A case
report and review of the literature) Cir Cir. 2004 May-Jun;72(3):21720.
392. Rose CD, EichenfieldAH, Goldsmith DP, etal. Early onsetsarcoi-dosis with aonitis
Juvenile systemic granulomatosis?// J Rheumatol. 1990.17:P. 102.
393. Rossignol P., La Batida Alanore A., Roueff S. Management of atherosclerotic renal
artery stenoses//J Mai Vase. 2002 Feb;27(l): P. 711.
394. Safian R. D. Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis //Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc
Med. - 2003 Apr; 5(2): P. 91-101.
395. Sakai L. Y., Keene D.R., Engvall E. Fibrillin, a new 350-kD glyco-protein component
of extracellular microfibrils // J Cell Biol. 1986.103:2499.
396. Sakemi ., Baba N. Effects of antihypertensive drugs on the progress of renal failure
in hyperlipidemic Imal rats // Nephron. 1993. V. 63. P. 323329.
397. Salifu MO, Haria DM, Badero O, Aytug S, McFarlane SI. Challenges in the diagnosis
and management of renal artery stenosis. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2005 Jun;7(3):
219-27.
398. Sangle SR, D'Cruz DP. Renal artery stenosis: a new facet of the antiphospholipid
(Hughes) syndrome. Lupus. 2003;12(ll):8034.

260

399. Santucci R.A., Fisher M.. The literature increasingly supports expectant (conservative)
management of renal trauma. A systematic review //J Trauma. 2005. Aug;59 (2):
P. 493-503.
400. Scarpelli PT, Livi R, Caselli GM, Chiari G, Gallo M, Teghini L, Becucci A, Rega
L. Hypertensive vascular crisis secondary to chronic total renal artery occlusion. J
Nephrol. - 1998 Nov-Dec;ll(6):325-9
401. SchwerkW.B., Restrepo .., Stellwaag M. et al. Renal artery stenosis: grading
with image-directed Doppler US evaluation of renal resistive index // Radiology.
1994. - V. 190. - 3. P. 785-790.
402. ScicliA.G, Carretero O.A. Renalkallikrein-kinin system//Kidney Int. 1986; 29:
P. 120.
403. Senekowitsch C, Assadian A, Wlk MV, Assadian 0, Ptakovsky H, Hagmuller
GW. Renal artery surgery in the era of endovascular intervention. Vasa. 2004
Nov;33(4):226-30.
404. Senekowitsch C, Assadian A, Wlk MV, Assadian O, Ptakovsky H, Hagmuller
GW. Renal artery surgery in the era of endovascular intervention. Vasa. 2004
Nov;33(4):226-30.
405. Senitko M., Fenves A.Z. An update on renovascular hypertension // Curr Cardiol
Rep. 2005. Nov;7(6):P 405-11.
406. Setaro J., Saddler M., Chen et al. Simplified captopril renography in diagnosis
and treatment of renal artery stenosis // Hypertension 1991,18:289298.
407. Shelhamer JH, Volkman DJ, ParrilloJE, et al. Takayasu's arteritis and its therapy
//Ann Intern Med 1985.103: P. 121.
408. Shimoyama M, Igawa G, Hashimoto M. Acute aortic dissection induced renovascular
hypertension. Heart. 2004 Feb;90(2): 194.
409. Simeoni S, Girelli D, Lino M, Olivieri 0, Corrocher R. Recovery of renal function after
3 months of dialysis in a patient with atherosclerotic renovascular disease following
aortoiliac bypass and left renal artery reimplantation. Eur J Vase Endovasc Surg.
2004 Nov;28(5):562-4.
410. Simon N, Franklin SA, Bleiter KH, et al. Cooperative Study of Renovascular
Hypertension: Clinical characteristics of renovascular hypertension // JAMA. 1972.
220: P. 1209.
411. Simonson M.S., Dunn M.J. Endothelin peptides and the kidney // Annu Rev
Physiol. - 1993; 55: P. 249.
412. Sivamurthy N., Surowiec S.M., Cluakova E. et al. Divergent outcomes after
percutaneous therapy for symptomatic renal artery stenosis // J Vase Surg. 2004.
39: P. 565-74.
413. Slavis SA, Ganesan GS, Swift C, Ruppert RC. Renal artery stenosis and ipsilateral
renal cell carcinoma: description of an in situ partial nephrectomy and splenorenal
arterial bypass. Scientific World Journal. 2004 Jun 7;4 Suppl 1:3115.
414. Smith W., Winfield A.C., Price R.R. Evaluation of digital venous angiography for
the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension // Radiology 1982. 144:P. 51.

261

415. Smith W.L. Prostanoid biosynthesis and mechnism of action// Am. J. Physiol
1992. - V. 263. - P. 181.
416. Soulen MC, Cohen DL, Itkin M, Townsend RR, Roberts DA. Segmental arterial
mediolysis: angioplasty of bilateral renal artery stenoses with 2-year imaging followup. J Vase Interv Radiol. 2004 Jul; 15(7): 7637.
All. Soussou I.D., Starr D.S., Lawrie G.M., et al. Renal artery aneurysm. Long-term
relief of renovascular hypertension by in situ operative correction //Arch. Surg.
1979,114: P. 1410.
418. Soussou ID, Starr DS, Lawrie GM, Morris GC Jr. Renal artery aneurysm. Long-term
relief of renovascular hypertension by in situ operative correction. Arch Surg. 1979
Dec;114(12):1410-5.
419. Spence J.D. Treatment options for renovascular hypertension // Expert Opin
Pharmacother. 2002 Apr;3(4): P. 4116.
420. Stanley J.C, Fry W.J. Pediatric renal artery occlusive disease and renovascular
hypertension. Etiology, diagnosis and operative treatment// Arch. Surg. 1981.116:
P. 669.
421. Stanley J.C, Whitehouse W.M. Jr. Occlusive and aneurysmal disease of the renal
arterial circulation. DM 30:1, 1984. 1, P. 30.
All. Starr D.S., LawrieG.M., MorrisG.C Surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension.
Long-term follow-up of 216 patients up to 20 years // Arch.Surg. 1980. V.
115. - P. 494-6.
423. Stewart B.H., Dustan H.P., Kiser W.S. et al. Correlation of angiography and natural
history in evaluation of patients with renovascular hypertension //J Urol. 1970.104:
P. 231.
A1A. Subramanian R, White CJ, Rosenfield K, Bashir R, Almagor Y, Meerkin D, Shalman
E. Renal fractional flow reserve: A hemodynamic evaluation of moderate renal artery
stenoses. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2005 Apr;64(4):4806.
425. Sullivan R.R., Johnson M.B., Lee K.P., Rails P.W. Color Doppler sonographic
findings in renal vascular lesions // J Ultrasound Med. 1991, 10: P. 161.
426. Svetkey L.P., Wilkinson R.Jr., Dunnick N.R. et al. Captopril renography in
the diagnosis of renovascular disease //Am. J. Hypertens. 1991,4 (12 Pt. 2):
P. 711-5.
All. SzaboZ, XiaJ, Mathews WB, Brown PR. Future direction of renal positron emission
tomography // Semin Nucl Med. 2006 Jan;36(l): P. 3650.
428. Takahashi F, Hasebe N, Ogawa Y, Tsuji S, Kido S, Aburano T, Kikuchi K. Renal
artery stenosis emerged after angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor treatment for
myocardial infarction: a case report. Angiology. 2005 May-Jun;56(3):34750.
429. Takeuchi Y., Matsuki K., Saito Y., et al. HLA-D region genomic polymorphism
associated with Takayasu's arteritis//Angiology 1990. 41:P. 421.
430. Tan K.T., van ., Brown S. et al. Magnetic resonance angiography for the
diagnosis of renal artery stenosis: A meta-analysis. ECR. 2000. 281.
431. Tanemoto M, Abe T, Chaki T, Satoh F, Ishibashi T, Ito S. Cutting balloon angioplasty
of resistant renal artery stenosis caused by fibromuscular dysplasia //J Vase Surg.
2005 May;41(5):898-901.

262

432. Tanemoto , Abe T, Satoh F, S. Plasma renin activity revealed renal artery
stenosis concealed by aneurysms. Urology. 2005 Mar;65(3):592.
433. Tanigawa K, Eguchi K, Kitamura Y, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging detection of
aortic and pulmonary artery wall thickening in the acute stage of Takayasu's arteritis
//Arthritis Rheum 1992. 35: P. 476.
434. Teoh MK. Takayasu's arteritis with renovascular hypertension: results of surgical
treatment. Cardiovasc Surg. 1999 Oct;7(6):62632.
435. Textor SC. Ischemic nephropathy: where are we now?// J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004
Aug;15(8):1974-82.
436. Textor SC. Revascularization in atherosclerotic renal artery disease. Kidney Int.
1998 Mar;53(3):799-8U.
437. The Fifth report of the Joint National Committee on detection, evaluation and
treatment of high blood pressure//Archives Internal Medicine, 1993. V. 153.
-P. 154-183.
438. Timpanidou P., Maspes F., Damilakos P., Simonetti G. Percutaneous transluminal
renal angioplasty. The Italian experience in 13 centres. 17th world congress of the
international union of angiology. London, April, 1995. P. 275.
439. Tshomba Y, Melissano G, Civilini E, Setacci F, Chiesa R. Fate of the visceral
aortic patch after thoracoabdominal aortic repair. Eur J Vase Endovasc Surg. 2005
Apr;29(4):383-9.
440. Tsoukas Al, Hertzer NR, Mascha EJ, O'Hara PJ, Krajewski LP, Beven EG.
Simultaneous aortic replacement and renal artery revascularization: the influence
of preoperative renal function on early risk and late outcome. J Vase Surg. 2001
Dec;34(6): 1041-9.
441. Unnikrishnan M, Purushotham S, Kumar Gupta A. Superior mesenteric artery
stenting to augment splenorenal arterial bypass for intractable complex renovascular
hypertension // Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003 Dec;24(6): P. 10469.
442. Urnehara I., Shibuya H, Nakagawa T. et al. Comprehensive analysis of perfusion
scintigraphy in Takayasu's arteritis// Clin Nucl Med. 1991. 16: P. 352.
443. Vasbinder GB, Nelemans PJ, Kessels AG, et al. Diagnostic tests for renal artery
stenosis in patients suspected of having renovascular hypertension: a meta-analysis
//Ann Intern Med. 2001 Sep 18; 135(6): P. 401-11.
444. Vasbinder GB, Nelemans PJ, Kessels AG, Kroon AA, Maki JH, Leiner T, Beek FJ,
Korst MB, Flobbe K, de Haan MW, van Zwam WH, Postma CT, Hunink MG,
de Leeuw PW, van Engelshoven JM. Renal Artery Diagnostic Imaging Study in
Hypertension (RADISH) Study Group. Accuracy of computed tomographic angiography
and magnetic resonance angiography for diagnosing renal artery stenosis. Ann Intern
Med. 2004 Nov 2;141(9):674-82; discussion 682.
445. Vetrovec G. Renal artery stenting: continuing to evaluate the benefits. // J Invasive
Cardiol. 2004 Jul; 16(7):372.
446. Vidt DG. Renal disease and renal artery stenosis in the elderly. Am J Hypertens.
1998 Mar; 11(3 Pt 2):46S-51S.

263

447. Vinijchaikul . Primary arteritis of the aorta and its main branches (Takayasu's
arteriopathy). A clinicopathologic autopsy study of eight cases // Am. J. Med. 1967.
43: P. 15.
448. Voiculescu A, Hollenbeck M, Kutkuhn B, et al. Successful treatment of renovascular
hypertension has no effect on insulin sensitivity // Eur J Clin Invest. 2003Oct;33(10):
P. 848-54.
449. VuongPN, Desoutter P, Mickley V, Bultmann B, Rothenberger-Janzen K, Guyot H,
Janzen J. Fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal artery responsible for renovascular
hypertension: a histological presentation based on a series of 102 patients. Vasa. 2004
Feb;33(l):13-8.
450. VuongPN, Desoutter P, Mickley V, etal. Fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal artery
responsible for renovascular hypertension: a histological presentation based on a series
of 102patients// Vasa. 2004 Feb;33(l): P. 138.
451. Webb J.A., Talner L.B. The role of intravenous urography in hypertension // Radiol
Clin North Am. - 1979. -V.17.-P 187.
452. Weinrauch LA, D'Elia J A. Renal artery stenosis: fortuitous diagnosis, problematic
therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004 May 5;43(9): 1614-6.
453. Weisbord SD, Ramkumar M, Lapidus SA, McBride DJ, Palevsky PM. Functional
renal artery obstruction following percutaneous kidney biopsy. Nephrol Dial Transplant.
2005 Jun;20(6): 1274-5. Epub 2005 Apr 19.
454. White C.J., Ramee S.R., Collins T.J. et al. Renal artery stent placement. 17th world
congress of the international union of angiology. London, April, 1995. P. 274.
455. Wong JM, Hansen KJ, Oskin TC, Craven , Plonk GW Jr, Ligush J Jr, Dean
RH. Surgery after failed percutaneous renal artery angioplasty. J Vase Surg. 1999
Sep;30(3):468-82.
456. Yim PJ, CebralJR, Weaver A. etal. Estimation of the differential pressure at renal
artery stenoses// Magn Reson Med. 2004 May;51(5): P. 96977.
457. Yim PJ, CebralJR, Weaver A, Lutz RJ, Soto 0, VasbinderGB, Ho VB, Choyke PL.
Estimation of the differential pressure at renal artery stenoses. Magn Reson Me J.
2004 May;51(5):969-77.
458. Yoshida S, Sakuma K, Veda 0, Sakurai M. A successful management of concomitant
renovascular hypertension and symptomatic subclavian steal syndrome due to
Takayasu's arteritis using balloon angioplasty and axillo-axillary bypass grafting.
Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2003 Oct;9(5):3346.
459. Zoccali C, Mallamaci F., Finocchiaro P. Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis:
epidemiology, cardiovascular outcomes, and clinical prediction rules // J Am Soc
Nephrol. - 2002 Nov;13 Suppl 3: PS179-83.
460. Zuccala A, Zucchelli P. Ischemic nephropathy: diagnosis and treatment. J Nephrol.
1998 Nov-Dec;ll(6):318-24.
461. ZumrutdalA., Tercan F., Oguzkurt L. et al. Report of a case with surprising etiology
of renovascular hypertension // Clin Nephrol. 2005. Dec; 64(6): P. 444 7.

-
- . . .
. .
. ,
. .
. .
. .
-
77.99.02.953..001179.03.05 15.03.2005 .
19.04.07. 70 100'/16.
. . Newton.
16,5 . . 1500 . -508.

119435, , . , 18
./: 245-67-75
E-mail: miapubl@mail.ru
http://www. medagency. ru
-: www.medkniga.ru
-
420066, . , . , 2