5 5.1 Calculate and plot the variation of the dry density of a soil in kg/m3 (Gs = 2.

65) at w =5, 10, 15, and 20% for degree of saturation, S = 80,90 and 100%

100%

kg/m3 (Gs = 2.65) w = 5,10,15, and20% , S = 80,90

5.2 For a slightly organic soil, Gs= 2.54.For this soil, calculate and plot the variation of  (%), with varying from 5 to 20% , (in kg/m3) again

GS = 2.54.For 20%

_zav ( kg/m3) W (%) w 5

5.3 The results of a standard Proctor test are in the following table. Determine the maximum dry unit weight of compaction and the optimum moisture content. Also, determine the void ratio and the degree

of saturation at the optimum moisture content. Given:

= 2.68. Volume of Proctor mold 1/30 1/30 1/30 1/30 1/30 1/30 Weight of wet soil in mold (lb) 3.69 3.82 3.88 3.87 3.82 3.77 Moisture content (%) 12 14 16 18 20 21

Proctor

: G_s = 2.68

5.4 Repeat Problem 5.3 given

= 2.67 with the following Volume of Proctor mold Weight of wet soil in mold (lb) Moisture content (%)

1/30 1/30 1/30 1/30 1/30 1/30 1/30

3.92 4.12 4.29 4.37 4.45 4.35 4.20

5.0 7.5 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0

G_s 5.3 = 2.67

5.5 The results of a standard Proctor test are given in the following table. Determine the maximum dry unit weight of compaction and the optimum moisture content. Also, determine the moisture content required to achieve 95% of Volume of Proctor mold 943.3 943.3 943.3 943.3 943.3 943.3 Mass of wet soil in mold )kg) 1.47 1..83 2.02 1.95 1.73 1.69 Moisture content (%) 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0 22.5

Proctor

95%

_ ( ( ) ) 5.6 The in situ moisture content of a soil is 16% and the moist unit weight is 17.3 kN/ . The specific gravity of soil solids is 2.72. This soil is to be excavated and transported to a construction site for use in a compacted fill. If the specifications call for the soil to be compacted to a minimum dry unit weight of 18.1 kN/ at the same moisture content of 16% , how many cubic meters of soil from the excavation site are needed to produce 200 of compacted fill ? ^ 3 16% / m 2.72 16%,

17.3

18.1

/ m

^ 3

 200

^3

5.7 A proposed embankment fill requires 5000 of compacted soil. The void ratio of the compacted fill is specified as 0.7. Four borrow pits are available as described in the following table, which lists the respective void ratios of the soil an the cost per cubic meter for moving the soil to the proposed construction site. Make the necessary calculations to select the pit from which the soil should be brought to minimize the cost. Assume
to be the same at all pits. Borrow pit A B C D Void ratio 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.85 Cost ( $/ ) 9 6 7 10

5000 m ^ 3 0.7

G_s

5.8 Following are the results of a field unit weight determination test performed by means of the sand cone method : - Calibrated dry density of Ottawa sand = 1731 kg / - Mass of Ottawa sand to fill the cone = 0.118 kg - Mass of jar + cone + sand ( before use ) = 6.08 kg - Mass of jar + cone + sand (after use) = 2.86 Kg - Mass of moist soil from hole = 3.34 kg - Moisture content of moist soil = 12.1 % Determine the dry density of compaction in the field. -- m^3 ---- +( = 0.118 . ) = 6.08 . ) = 2.86 . + + + ( = 3.34 . :

= 1731 kg /

= 12.1% -

5.9 The maximum and minimum dry unit weights of a sand were determined in the laboratory to be 17.8 and 14.6 kN / , respectively. What is the relative compaction in the field if the relative density is 72% ? 72% 14.6

17.8 ?

/ m ^ 3

5.10 The relative compaction of a sand in the field is 93.5% . Given that = 16.98 kN / and = 14.46 kN / , what is the dry unit weight in the field and the relative density of compaction? 93.5% _d (

) = 16.98 ^ 3,

/ m ^ 3 / m

_d ( ) = 14.46 ?

5.11 The relative compaction of a sand in the field is 94% . The maximum and minimum dry unit weights of

the sand are

= 18.6 kN / and

= 15.1 kN /

. For the field conditions, determine a. Dry unit weight b. Relative density of compaction c. Moist unit weight at a moisture content of 8% . . . 8% 94%

_d ( ) = 18.6 kN / m ^ 3

_d ( ) = 15.1 kN / m ^ 3

5.12 The backfill material for a vibroflotation project has the following grain sizes:    = 0.18 mm = 0.31 mm = 1.98 mm

Determine the suitability number,  . backfill : vibroflotation

D_10 = 0.18 D_20 = 0.31 D_50 = 1.98

. . . , S_n

5.13 Repeat Problem 5.12 using the following values.    = 0.17 mm = 0.47 mm = 0.72 mm . . . 5.12

D_10 = 0.17 D_20 = 0.47 D_50 = 0.72

5.14 Consider three Vibroflot probes in a deep sand deposit. The distance of the centroid to each probe is 1 m . Estimate the probable relative density of the sand that could be achieved by the three probes ( use Figure 5.39). Vibroflot 1

centroid

( 5.39

 6 1. Refer to the constant-head arrangement show in Figure 6.5. For a test, the following are given: y L = 20 in. y A = area of specimen = 4.6 . y Constant-head difference = h = 35 in. y Water collected in 3 min = 20 . L = 20 A = = 4.6 = h = 35 ^3 3 = 20 ^2 6.5 :

2. Refer to Figure 6.5. For a constant-head permeability test in a sand, the following are given: y L = 350 mm y A = 125 y h = 420 mm y Water collected in 3 min = 580 y Void ratio of sand = 0.61 Determine

a) Hydraulic conductivity ,k (cm/ sec) b) Seepage velocity 6.5 . ^3 3 = 580 . = 0.61 ^3 . L = 350 h = 420 , K ( . / ) head permeability test in the :

A = 125 .

3. In a constant

laboratory , the following are given: L = 250 mm and A = 105 . If the value of K = 0.014 cm/sec and a flow rate of 120 /min must be maintained through the soil , what is the head difference, across the specimen? Also, determine the discharge velocity under the test conditions. - . : L = 250 A = 105 . ^2 K

= 0.014 . / 4. For a falling-head permeability test, the following are given: y Length of the soil specimen = 15 in. y Area of the soil specimen = 3 y Area of the standpipe = 0.15 y Head difference at time t = 0 is 25 in. y Head difference at time t = 8 min is 12 in. a) Determine the hydraulic conductivity of the soil (in/min) b) Water was the head difference at time t = 4 min? ^2 ^2 t = 0 25 t = 8 12 : = 15 120 .^ 3/min ,

= 3

standpipe = 0.15

( / ) t = 4 ?

5. For a falling-head permeability test, the following are given: length of specimen = 380 mm ; area of specimen = 6.5 ; k = 0.175 cm/min. Water should be the area of the standpipe for the head to drop from 650 cm to 300 cm in 8 min ? 6.5 . : = 380 . ; = 6

^ 2; k = 0.175 . / standpipe

50 . 300 . 8 ? 6. For a falling-head permeability test, the following are given: y Length of soil specimen = 500 mm y Area of the soil specimen = 16 y Area of the standpipe = 0.97 y Head difference at time t = 0 is 760 mm y Head difference at time t = 8 min is 410 mm a) Determine the absolute permeability of the soil.

b) What is the head difference at time t = 6 min? Assume that the test was conducted at 20 , and at 20 
 =

9.789 kN/ and n = . ^2 ^2 . . ? :

 .

= 500

= 16 . 20 3 2 , 20 n = 1.005

standpipe = 0.97 .

t = 0 760 t = 6

t = 8 410

, _ (W) = 9.789 kN / m ^ 10 ^ (-3) N S/M^

7. A sand layer of the cross-sectional area shown in Fig . 6.31 has been determined to exist for a 500-m length of the levee. The hydraulic conductivity of the sand layer is 3 m/day. Determine the quantity of water which flows into the ditch in / min.

6.31 500

m^3/

8. A permeable soil layer is underlain by an impervious layer, as shown in Figure 6.32. With k = 6.8   cm /sec for the permeable layer,  . ^ (-4) . / = 10 calculate the rate of seepage through it in /hr/m width if H = 4.2 m and underlain 6.32 K = 6.8 10 m^ 3/hr/m H = 4.2 m

9. Refer to Figure 6.33. Find the flow rate in /sec/m length ( at right angles to the cross section shown) through the permeable soil layer. Given: H = 5.5 m,  = 3 m, h = 2.8 m, L = 52 m, cm/sec. 6.33 ^ 3/sec/m ( m ) , H_1 = 3 M, H , k = 0.05

: H = 5.5

= 2.8 M, L = 52 M = 5 , K = 0.05 . /

10.

The hydraulic conductivity of a sand at a void

ratio of 0.48 is 0.022 cm/sec. Estimate its hydraulic conductivity at a void ratio of 0.7. Use Eq. (6.31). (6.31) 0.48 0.022 . / 0.7 11.

For a sand, the following are given: porosity, n

= 0.31 and k = 0.13 ft/min. Determine k when n = 0.4. Use Eq. (6.31). = 0.13 12. : , n = 0.31 K n = 0.4 k (6.31) /

The maximum dry density determined in the

laboratory for a quartz sand is 1720 kg/ . In the field, if the relative compaction is 805, determine the hydraulic conductivity of the sand in the fieldcompaction condition (given that k = for the sand at the maximum dry condition is 0.04 cm/sec and
 = 2.66). Use Eq. (6.31a). 1,720 . / m 805,

^ 3

 ( 13.

k=

0.04 . / (6.31a)

g_(s) = 2.66) .

For a sandy soil, the following are given: y Maximum void ratio = 0.7 y Maximum void ratio = 0.46 y Hydraulic conductivity of sand at a relative density of 80 % = 0.006 cm/sec Determine the hydraulic conductivity of the sand at a relative density of 50% . Use Eq. ( 6.31a).

: = 0.7 = 0.46 80% = 50%

0.006 . / (6.31a)

14.

The sieve analysis for a sand is given in the

following table. Estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the sand at a void ratio of 0.5. Use Eq. (6.30) and SF = 6.5. U.S. Sieve no. 30 43 60 100 200 0.5 15. (6.30) = 6.5 Percent passing 100 80 68 28 0

For a normally consolidated clay, the following Void ratio, e 0.8 1.4 K (cm/sec)  

are given:

Estimate the hydraulic conductivity of the clay at a void ratio, e = 0.62. Use Eq. (6.33). :

, e - K ( . / ) ^ (-6)

0.8 1.2 10

1.4 3.6 10 0.62 16.

^ (-6) A, E =

(6.33)

Redo Problem 6.15 using Mesri and Olson s Mesri ( 6.

equation ( see Table 6.3). 6.15 3) 17. For a normally consolidated clay, the following Void ratio, e 1.2 1.9 1.9 18. , e - K ( . / ) ^ (-6) ^ (-6) K (cm/sec)   :

are given:

1.2 0.2 10 0.91 10

The in siu void ratio of a soft clay deposit is 2.1 cm/sec. What is the

and the hydraulic conductivity of the clay at this void ratio is 0.86  hydraulic conductivity if the soil is compressed to

have a void of 1.3. Use Taylor s equation given in Table 6.3. 2.1 10 19. that y  = 1.5 m y  = 2.5 m y  = 3.0 m y = y = y =   cm/sec cm/sec cm/sec 1.3 Siu 0.86

^ (-6) . / Taylor 6.3

A layered soil is show in Figure 6.34. Given

Estimate the ratio of equivalent hydraulic conductivity, H_1 = 1.5 H_2 = 2.5

6.34

H_3 = m 3.0

k_1 = k_2 = k_3 =

10 ^ (-5) . / 3.0 10 3.5 10 ^ (-3) . / ^ (-5) . / k_H (EQ) /

k_ (V (EQ).) 20. A layered the soil is show in Figure 6.35.

Estimate the ratio of equivalent hydraulic conductivity 21. k_H (EQ) / k_ (v(EQ).) and . 6.35

Refer to Example 6.10 and Figure 6.22. Using



the solution show there, determine 6.10 6.22 h_B h_ (A)

 7 1. Refer to the constant-head permeability test arrangement in a two-layered soil as show in Figure 7.2. During the test, it was seen that when a constant head of  = 180 mm was maintained , the magnitude of was 60 mm. If is 0.002 cm/sec, determine the value of given  = 70 mm and  = 100 mm 7.2 _1 H = 180 h_2 60 .

. ,

. k_1 0.002 . / k_2 H_1 = 70 . H_2 =100

2. Refer to Figure 7.20. Given: y  =6m y  = 1.5 m y D=3m y  =6m

Calculate the seepage loss per meter length of the sheet pile ( at right angles to the cross section shown). y  =6m y  = 1.5 m y D=3m y  =6m Draw a flow net. Calculate the seepage loss per meter length of the sheet pile ( at right angles to the cross section shown). 7.20 : H_1 = 6 H_2 = 1.5 D=3 D_1 = 6 ( ) )

H_1 = 6 H_2 = 1.5 D=3 D_1 = 6

3. Draw a flow net for the single row of sheet piles driven into a permeable layer as shown in Figure 7.20. Given: y  =3m y  =0m y D = 1.5 m y  = 3.75 m Calculate the seepage loss per meter length of the sheet pile ( at right angles to the cross section shown). H_1 = 3 D = 1.5 ) 7.20 :

H_2 = m 0 D_1 = 3.75

( a.  = 4 m b.  = 1.5 m

4. Refer to Figure 7.20. Given:

c. D = 3.6 m d.  = 6 m Calculate the seepage loss per meter length of the sheet pile ( at right angles to the cross section shown). Use Figure 7.12. 7.20 : H_1 = 4 H_2 = 1.5 D = 3.6 D_1 = 6 ( ) 7.12

5. For the hydraulic structure shown in Figure 7.21, draw a flow net for flow through the permeable layer and calculate the seepage loss in /day/m. 7.21,

m ^ 3/day/m

6. Refer to Problem 7.5. Using the flow net drawn, calculate the hydraulic uplift force at the base of

the hydraulic structure per meter length (measured along the axis of the structure). 7.5 ) , (

7. Draw a flow net for the weir shown in Figure 7.22. Calculate the rate of seepage under the weir. 7.22

8. For the flow net drawn in Problem 7.7, calculate the uplift force at the base of the weir per meter length (measured along the axis) of the structure. 9. For the weir shown in Figure 7.23, calculate the seepage in the permeable layer in /day/m for (a) x = 1 m and (b) x = 2 m. Use Figure 7.13. (b) x'= 2 7.23 ()x'= 1 7.13 m ^ 3/day/m 7.7, ( )

10.

An earth dam is shown in Figure 7.24. = 30 , = 45 ,  = 4 m , H = 8 cm/sec. Use , k

Determine the seepage rate, q , in /day/m length. Given: m,  = 12 m , and k =  Schaffernak s solution. Q, m ^ 45 , L_1 = 4 = 11. 28 k=  2 10 . 7.24 ,H=8 ^ (-4) / Schaffernak = 3/day/m : _1 =30 , _2 = , H_1 = 12 m

Repeat Problem 7.10 with the following: cm / sec.

= 35 ,  = 7 m , H = 8 m ,  = 12 m , and : _1 = 28 _2 = , H_1 = 12 m k

7.10 35 , L_1 = 7 = 1.5 12. 13. method.

,H =8

10 ^ (-4) . /

Repeat Problem 7.10 using L. Casagrande s 7.10 L. Casagrande's

Repeat Problem 7.11 using L. Casagrande s 7.11 L. Casagrande's

method.