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Analysis Buffers
For EDTA titrations For Fluoride (TISAB) For Determination of Fe. On this page: Click the links below to jump to the relevant info:
The preparation of pH buffer solutions acetate buffers phosphate buffers solid mixture buffers
Phosphates
Phosphate salts are known by several names and the correct phosphate must be used to prepare buffer solutions. One phosphate cannot be substituted for another phosphate. Check formula of salt to be certain.
Formula Name of salt Other names
potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate monobasic potassium phosphate potassium dihydrogen KH2PO4 monopotassium phosphate phosphate acid potassium phosphate potassium biphosphate dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate potassium hydrogen dipotassium hydrogen phosphate phosphate dibasic potassium phosphate dipotassium phosphate potassium phosphate tribasic potassium phosphate tripotassium phosphate
K2HPO4
K3PO4
Standardization buffers
For pH=7.00 : Add 29.1 ml of 0.1 molar NaOH to 50 ml 0.1 molar potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Alternatively : Dissolve 1.20g of sodium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.885g of disidium hydrogen phosphate in 1 liter volume distilled water. For pH= 4.00 : Add 0.1 ml of 0.1 molar NaOH to 50 ml of 0.1 molar potassium hydrogen phthalate . Alternatively : Dissolve 8.954g of disodium hydrogen phosphste.12 H2O and 3.4023g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 1 liter volume distilled water.
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Buffering system Hydrochloric acid/ Potassium chloride Glycine/ Hydrochloric acid Potassium hydrogen phthalate/ Hydrochloric acid Citric acid/ Sodium citrate Sodium acetate/ Acetic acid Potassium hydrogen phtaalate/ Sodium hydroxide Disodium hydrogen phthalate / Sodium dihydrogen orthophospate Dipotassium hydrogen phthalate / Potassium dihydrogen orthophospate Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate / sodium hydroxide Barbitone sodium / Hydrochloric acid Tris (hydroxylmethyl) aminomethane / Hydrochloric acid Sodium tetraborate/ Hydrochloric acid Glycine/ Sodium hydroxide Sodium carbonate/ Sodium hydrogen carbonate Sodium tetraborate/ Sodium hydroxide Sodium bicarbonate / Sodium hydroxide Sodium hydrogen orthophosphate / Sodium hydroxide Potassium chloride/ Sodium hydroxide
Useful buffering pH range @ 25C 1.0 - 2.2 2.2 - 3.6 2.2 - 4.0 3.0 - 6.2 3.7 - 5.6 4.1 - 5.9 5.8 - 8.0 5.8 - 8.0 5.8 - 8.00 6.8 - 9.6 7.0 - 9.00 8.1 - 9.2 8.6 - 10.6 9.2 - 10.8 9.3 - 10.7 9.60 - 11.0 11.0 - 11.9 12.0 - 13.0
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50 ml 0.2 M KCl + 100 ml 0.1 M potassium mls of 0.2 M HCl hydrogen phthalate + mls of 0.1 M HCl. pH mls of 0.2M HCl added pH 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 3.60 3.70 3.80 3.90 4.00 mls of 0.1M HCl added 99.0 91.6 84.4 77.6 70.8 64.2 57.8 51.4 44.6 37.6 31.4 25.8 20.8 16.4 12.6 9.0 5.8 2.8 0.2
100 ml 0.1 M potassium . 100 ml 0.1 M 100 ml 0.1 M tris hydrogen phthalate + mls of KH2PO4 + mls of 0.1 (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane 0.1 M NaOH M NaOH. + mls of 0.1 M HCl. pH 4.10 4.20 4.30 4.40 4.50 4.60 4.70 4.80 4.90 5.00 5.10 5.20 5.30 5.40 5.50 5.60 5.70 5.80 5.90 mls of 0.1M NaOH added 2.6 6.0 9.4 13.2 17.4 22.2 27.2 33.0 38.8 45.2 51.0 57.6 63.2 68.2 73.2 77.6 81.2 84.6 87.4 pH mls of 0.1M NaOH added pH 7.00 7.10 7.20 7.30 7.40 7.50 7.60 7.70 7.80 7.90 8.00 8.l0 8.20 8.30 8.40 8.50 8.60 8.70 8.80 8.90 9.00 mls of 0.1 M HCl added 93.2 91.4 89.4 86.8 84.0 80.6 77.0 73.2 69.0 64.0 58.4 52.4 45.8 39.8 34.4 29.4 24.4 20.6 17.0 14.0 11.4
1.00 134.0 1.10 105.6 1.20 85.0 1.30 67.2 1.40 53.2 1.50 41.4 1.60 32.4 1.70 26.0 1.80 20.4 1.90 16.2 2.00 13.0 2.10 10.2 2.20 7.8
5.80 7.2 5.90 9.2 6.00 11.2 6.10 13.6 6.20 16.2 6.30 19.4 6.40 23.2 6.50 27.8 6.60 32.8 6.70 38.6 6.80 44.8 6.90 51.8 7.00 58.2 7.10 64.2 7.20 69.4 7.30 74.0 7.40 78.2 7.50 82.2 7.60 85.6 7.70 88.4 7.80 90.6 7.90 92.2 8.00 93.4
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BUFFERS 08 - 13
Buffer F: pH 8.0 - 9.10 100 mL 0.025 M Na2B4O7.10H2O (borax) + mls of 0.1 M HCl. pH 8.00 8.10 8.20 8.30 8.40 8.50 8.60 8.70 8.80 8.90 9.00 9.10 mls of 0.1M HCl added 41.0 39.4 37.6 35.4 33.2 30.4 27.0 23.2 19.2 14.2 9.2 4.0
Buffer G : pH 9.2 - 10.80 100 mL 0.025 M Na2B4O7.10H2O (borax) + mls of 0.1 M NaOH. pH 9.20 9.30 9.40 9.50 9.60 9.70 9.80 9.90 10.00 10.10 10.20 10.30 10.40 10.50 10.60 10.70 10.80 mls of 0.1M NaOH added 1.8 7.2 12.4 17.6 22.2 26.2 30.0 33.4 36.6 39.0 41.0 42.6 44.2 45.4 46.6 47.6 48.5
Buffer J : pH 12.00 - 13.00 50 mL 0.2 M KCl + volume indicated (in mL) 0.2 M NaOH. pH 12.00 12.10 12.20 12.30 12.40 12.50 12.60 12.70 12.80 12.90 13.00 mls of 0.2M NaOH added 12.0 16.0 20.4 25.6 32.4 40.8 51.2 64.4 82.4 106.0 132.0
100 mL 0.05 M 100 mL 0.05 M NaHCO3 + mls of 0.1 Na2HPO4 + mls of M NaOH. 0.1 M NaOH. pH 9.60 9.70 9.80 9.90 mls of 0.1M NaOH added 10.0 12.4 15.2 18.2 pH mls of 0.1M NaOH added
10.90 6.6 11.00 8.2 11.10 10.2 11.20 12.6 11.30 15.2 11.40 18.2 11.50 22.2 11.60 27.0 11.70 32.4 11.80 38.8 11.90 46.0 12.00 53.8
10.00 21.4 10.10 24.4 10.20 27.6 10.30 30.4 10.40 33.0 10.50 35.6 10.60 38.2 10.70 40.4 10.80 42.4 10.90 44.0 11.00 45.4
ph 3 4 5 6
vol. of 0.1M acetic acid 982.3 mls 847.0 mls 357.0 mls 52.2 mls
vol. of 0.1M sodium acetate 17.7 mls 153.0 mls 643.0 mls 947.8 mls
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10 4.77g sodium tetraborate and 183ml of 0.10M NaOH 11 2.10g sodium bicarbonate and 227ml of 0.10M NaOH
1. The Physical and Theoretical Laboratory, Oxford University. 2. "Electrolyte solutions" Robinson, R. A., and Stokes, R. H., 2nd ed., rev. London, Butterworths, 1968. 3. "Practical chemistry" J. Lambert and T.A. Muir, 3rd. Ed. Heineman, London. 4. pdf file, www.bc.ca/bcsc/resources/ (Canadian Teachers Federation).
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Signature: Dhanlal De Lloyd, Chem. Dept, The University of The West Indies, St. Augustine campus The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. Copyright: delloyd2000 All rights reserved.
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