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Fluid mechanics
Properties of fluid Density or mass density Specific weight or weight density Specific volume Specific gravity Viscosity Units of viscosity Kinematic viscosity Newtons law of viscosity Variation of viscosity with temperature Thermodynamic properties Compressibility and bulk modulus Surface tension Surface tension on liquid droplets Surface tension on hollow bubble Surface tension on liquid jet Capillarity Types of fluids Ideal fluid Real fluid Newtonian fluid Non Newtonian fluid Ideal plastic fluid Pressure and its measurements Definition of pressure Pascals law Types of pressure Absolute Atmospheric Vacuum Measurement of pressure Manometers Simple manometer Piezometer U- Tube Manometer Single column manometer Differential manometer U tube differential manometer Inverted U-tube differential manometer Temperature lapse-Rate Mechanical gauges Diaphragm pressure gauge Bourdon tube pressure gauge Dead weight pressure gauge Bellows pressure gauge Centre of pressure Total pressure Forces on immersed surfaces Surface submerged in liquid Horizontal Inclined Curved Lock gates problems Buoyancy Definition Centre of buoyancy Met centre met centric height (also analytical method) Floatation Conditions of equilibrium of floating and submerged bodies Stability of Submerged body Floating body Experimental method of metacentric height Oscillation (Rolling) of floating body Kinematic s of flow Definition Methods of describing fluid motion Types of fluid flow Steady and unsteady flows Uniform and non-uniform flows Laminar and turbulent flows Compressible and incompressible flows Rotational and irrotational flows One, two, three- dimensional flows Rate of flow or Discharge (Q) Continuity equation Continuity equation in three dimensions (Cylindrical and Polar co-ordinate) Local and Convective acceleration Velocity potential function and Stream function Equipotential line Line of constant stream flow Flow net

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Relation between stream function and velocity potential function Types of motion Linear translation Linear deformation Angular deformation Shear deformation Rotation Vorticity Vortex flow Forced vortex flow Free vortex flow Equation of motion for vortex flow Equation of forced vortex flow Closed cylindrical vessels equation of free vortex flow Potential flow Cases of potential flow Uniform flow Parallel to x axis Parallel to y axis Source flow Sink flow Superimposed flow Source and sink pair Doublet Potential flow chapters (Bansal) Dynamics of fluids Equations of fluids motions Eulers equation Bernoullis equation Assumptions Bernoullis equation for real fluids Practical application of Bernoullis equation Venturimeter Orifice meter/plate Pitot tube Momentum equation Moment of momentum equation Free liquid jets Flow through pipes Introduction Loss of energy in pipes Loss of head due to friction Minor energy losses Loss of Head due to sudden enlargement Loss of Head due to sudden contraction Loss of Head at the entrance of pipe Loss of Head at the exit of the pipe Loss of Head due to an obstruction in pipe Loss of Head due to bending of the pipe Loss of Head in various pipe fittings Hydraulic gradient Line (H.G.L) and Total Energy Line (T.E.L) Flow though Siphon Series and parallel pipes Compound pipes Equivalent pipes Branched pipes Flow through nozzles Water Hammer in pipes Gradual closure of valve Sudden closure of valve and pipe is rigid Sudden closure of valve and pipe is elastic Pipe network Boundary layers Laminar boundary layer Turbulent boundary layer Laminar sub layer Boundary layer thickness Displacement thickness Momentum thickness Energy thickness Drag force On flat plate Turbulent boundary layer Separation of boundary layer Flow of viscous fluid though circular pipes Flow of viscous fluid b/w to parallel plates Kinetic energy correction and Momentum correction factors Power absorbed in the viscous flow Methods of determination of coefficient of viscosity Turbulent flow Reynolds experiment Frictional loss in pipe flow Expressions of equations Shear stress in the turbulent flow Velocity distribution of turbulent flow in Rough pipes Smooth pipes In terms of average velocity By power law Resistance of smooth and rough pipes Notches and weirs Classifications

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Flow (discharge) over Rectangular notch/weir Triangular notch/weir & advantages Trapezoidal notch /weir Stepped notch/weir Effects of discharge Time required emptying a tank for above notches Flow (discharge) over Rectangular weir Cipolletti weir Broad crested weir Narrow crested weir Ogee weir Flow in open channels Introduction Classification of open channel flow Flow though open channel by Chezys formula Most economical sections of channels Non uniform flow through pen channels Hydraulic jump or standing wave Dimensional and model analysis Dimensionless numbers Reynolds number (Re) Froudes number (Fe) Eulers number (Eu) Webers number (We) Machs number (M) Methods of dimensional analysis Rayleighs method Buckinghams -theorem Similitude Model analysis Characteristic curves of centrifugal pump Main characteristic curves Operating characteristic curves Constant efficiency curves Cavitation Precaution Effects Hydraulic machines subjected to cavitations Cavitation in turbines Cavitation in centrifugal pumps Maximum suction lift Net positive suction head

Reciprocating pumps Introduction Parts of reciprocating pump and working Discharge through pump Work done by reciprocating pump Discharge work done and power Slip or negative slip Classification of reciprocating pump Variation of velocity and acceleration in suction and delivery Indicator diagrams Effects of acceleration Effects of friction Maximum speed Air vessels Comparison b/w Centrifugal pump and Reciprocating pump Turbines Introduction Impulse turbine Reaction turbine Pelton wheel Velocity triangles and work done Important points to remember Design of pelton wheel Radial flow reaction turbine Main parts of radial flow turbine Inward radial flow turbine Degree of reaction Outward flow Reaction turbine Francis turbine Important relations of reaction turbine Axial flow reaction turbine (Kaplan turbine) Draft tube Types Draft tube theory Efficiency Specific speed (derivation, significance)

Fluid Machinery and steam generators Hydraulic pump Types Centrifugal pumps Reciprocating pumps Centrifugal pumps Introduction Parts of pump Work done on water Definition of heads Efficiencies of centrifugal pump Minimum speed of starting Multistage centrifugal pump For high head For high discharge Specific speed (Ns) Priming of centrifugal pump

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Unit speed Unit discharge Unit power Uses Characteristic curves of hydraulic turbines Main characteristic curves Operating characteristic curves/ constant speed curves Constant efficiency curves Governing of turbines Steam generators Fire tube boilers water tube boilers Flow through Nozzles and diffusers Wetness and condensation Types of steam and gas turbines Compressors Reciprocating Centrifugal Axial flow Multistage compression Reheat, regeneration efficiency governance