Durham University

Magnetic and Electrical Measurement Techniques

Ian Terry Room 28, Department of Physics

Outline of PG Lecture Course

Magnetic Characterization
General Definitions & Units Classification of Materials Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy Magnetic Domains Magnetostriction Magnets & Measurement of Magnetic Field Strength Methods for Measuring Magnetization and Susceptibility Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy Magnetostriction Domain Imaging

Electrical Characterization
General Definitions Metals, Semiconductors/Insulators Measuring Resistivity Ohmic Contacts Point Contacts Contactless Methods Hall Effect and Magnetoresistance

Experimental Considerations

References

Experimental Techniques in Condensed Matter Physics at Low Temperatures, Frontiers in Physics vol. 67, eds. R.C. Smith and E.N. Smith, (Addison-Wesley, Redwood City, 1988) The Electrical Resistivity of Metals and Alloys, P.L. Rossiter, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1988) Experimental Low Temperature Physics, A. Kent, (MacMillan, Chatham, 1993) Experimental Techniques for Low-Temperature Measurements, J.W. Elkin, (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2006) Magnetic Materials: Fundamentals and Device Applications, N. Spaldin, (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2003) Modern Magnetic Materials, R. OHandley, (Wiley, New York, 2000)

General Definitions

Magnetic Moment of Bohr Atom

Units

Basic Classification of Magnetic Materials I (at small values of H)

Antiferromagnetic (polycrystalline)

Basic Classification of Magnetic Materials II (at small values of H)

Spontaneous Magnetisation

Neutron Scattering (100) reflection

Paramagnetism I

Paramagnetism II

Quantum picture: Only certain are allowed

Paramagnetism III
Magnetisation of a quantum system

Van Vleck & Pauli Paramagnetism

Diamagnetism

Superconductivity

Irreversible Type II Superconductor e.g. Pb-8.23 wt % In alloy

Exchange Interactions

(using mean field result)

Ferromagnetism I

Ferromagnetism II

Ferromagnetism III

3% Si-Fe

Ferromagnetism IV