DETERMINANTS
AND MATRICES
BY
A. C. AITKEN, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.
READER IN STATISTICS AND ACTUARIAL MATHEMATICS
AT EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY
EDITION
OLIVER AND BOYD
EDINBURGH AND LONDON
NEW YORK: INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INO.
1944First Evrirron - . 1939
SECOND Eprrron . e 1942
Tiutrp Evirion - - 1gvte
2285
PRINTED IN GRRAT NRITAI AY
OUNER AND guyT 17 LurnninestCONTENTS
CHAPTER I
DEFINITIONS AND FUNDAMENTAL OPERATIONS
OF MATRICES
PAGE
1. Introductory. i" 1
2, Linear Equations and Transformations - 1
8. The Notation of Matrices : 3
4. Matrices, Row and Column Vectors, Sealars 4
5. The Operations of Matrix Algebra 6
6. Matrix Pre- and Postraultiplication 8
7. Product of Three or More Matrices =. ll
8, Transposition of Rows and Columns 14
9. Transpose of a Product: Reversal Rule 16
10. Algebraic Expressions in Matrix Notation 18
11. Partitioned Matrices and Multiplication 21
OHAPTER I
DEFINITION AND PROPERTIES OF DETERMINANTS
12. ‘Tho Solution of Simultanoous Equations 27
13. Saliont Properties of Hliminants . . 28
14, Invorsions and Class of Permutations . 29
15. Definition and Notation of Determinant 30
16. Identity of Class of Conjugate Permutations . 34
17. Elomentary Properties of Determinants i 36
18. Primonoss of a Determinant Looe 37
19. Various Expansions of a Determinant . 38
20. Pivotal Evaluation of Determinants . . 45