Flange

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DOCS MATL SOC PIPE FLANGES FITTINGS VALVES EQPT SPECIALS STEEL DIN STEAM OTHERS
FLANGES GENERAL Flanges general Pressure Class Flanges types Bolt Hole Orientation Flange Faces Flange Face Finish Gaskets and Bolts Torque Tightening Bolt Tensioning Materials acc. to ASTM DEFINITION & DETAILS OF SPECIAL FLANGES Orifice Flanges and Plates Spectacle blind-spades-spacers LWN-Weldo-Exp-Red Flanges
Texas Flange
Texas Flange provides ASME Code and Non Code Industrial flanges for the Petrochemical, Process, and Waterworks industries.
Definition and details of flanges

FLANGES GENERAL
A flange is a method of connecting pipes, valves, pumps and other equipment to form a piping system. It also provides easy access for cleaning, inspection or modification. Flanges are usually welded or screwed. Flanged joints are made by bolting together two flanges with a gasket between them to provide a seal.
Image of a typical flange connection.
Pipe flanges are manufactured in all the different materials. Some flanges are made of cast and ductile iron, but the most used material is forged carbon steel and have machined surfaces.
TYPES OF FLANGES
The most used flange types in Petro and chemical industry are:
Welding Neck Flange Slip On Flange Socket Weld Flange Lap Joint Flange Threaded Flange Blind Flange
All types except the Lap Joint flange are provided with a raised flange face.
Image of most common flange types.
More about flange faces, you will find in the main menu "Flanges", or in the page menu on the right of this page.
SPECIAL FLANGES
Except the flanges, which are mentioned above, there are still a number of special flanges such as:
Orifice Flanges Spectacle Blinds (part of flange connection) Spades and Ring Spacers (part of flange connection) Long Welding Neck Flanges Weldoflange / Nipoflange Expander Flange Reducing Flange
More about special flanges, you will find in the main menu "Flanges", or in the page menu on the right of this page.
MATERIALS FOR FLANGES

The most common materials used in flanges produced is carbon steel, stainless steel, cast iron, aluminium, brass, bronze, plastic et cetera. In addition, flanges, like fittings and pipes, for specific purposes sometimes internally equipped with layers of materials of a completely different quality as the flanges themselves, which are "lined flanges". The material of a flange, is basically set during the choice of the pipe, in most cases, a flange is of the same material as the pipe.
All flanges, discussed on this website fall under the ASME en ASTM standards, unless otherwise indicated. ASME B16.5 describes dimensions, dimensional tolerances et cetera and ASTM the different material qualities.
DIMENSIOS OF FLANGES
Each flange according to ASME B16.5 has a number of standard dimensions. If a draftsman in Japan or the work preparer in Canada or a pipefitter in Australia is speaking about a Welding Neck flange 6"-150#-S40 according to ASME B16.5, then it goes over the flange which in the image here below is shown.
If the flange is ordered, the supplier want to know the material quality. For example ASTM A105 is a forged carbon steel flange, while A182 is a forged stainless steel flange. So, in a correct order to a supplier two standards must be specified: Welding Neck flange 6"-150#-S40-ASME B16.5 / ASTM A105.
BOLTED FLANGE CONNECTIONS

A bolted flange connection is a complex combination of many factors (Flange, Bolts, Process, Temperature, Pressure, Medium). All these various elements are interrelated and depend upon one another to achieve a successful result. The reliability of the flanged joint depends critically upon competent control of the joint making process. Quoting from John H. Bickford's book, "An Introduction to the Design and Behavior of Bolted Joints": That all important clamping force which holds the joint together - and without which there would be no joint - is not created by a good joint designer, nor by high quality parts. It is created by the mechanic on the job site, using the tools, procedures, and working conditions we have provided him with... And further: The final, essential creator of the force is the
mechanic, and the time of creation is during assembly. So it's very important for us to understand this process. The industry has recognized the critical nature of installation and assembly for several years. In Europe, the emphasis has been on ensuring that joint making is undertaken by trained and validated technicians and this has led to the publication of a European Technical standard: TS EN 1591 Part 4 entitled "Flanges and their joints. Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections. Qualification of personnel competency in the assembly of bolted joints fitted to equipment subject to the Pressure Equipment Directive (PED)". The standard provides a methodology for the training and assessment of technicians involved in the making and breaking of flange joints and can be viewed as being analogous to the training required for welders involved with pressure vessel work. Its publication demonstrates the importance placed upon the competent control of joint making process in ensuring leakfree performance from the flange. The gasket is but one of many reasons a bolted flange joint connection can leak. Even when all the complex inter-related components of a bolted joint flange connection work in perfect harmony, the single most important factor leading to success or failure of that bolted flange connection will be attention given to proper installation and assembly procedures by the person installing the gasket. If done properly, the assembly will remain leak-free for the target life expectancy.
FLANGED CONNECTIONS VERSUS WELDED CONNECTIONS

There are no standards that define whether or not flange connections may be used. In a newly built factory is customary to minimize flange connections, because only one weld is needed to connect two pieces of pipe. This saves the costs of two flanges, the gasket, the stud bolts, the second weld, the cost of NDT for the second weld, etc.. Some other disadvantages of flange connections:
Each flange connection can leak (some people claim that a flange connection is never Flanged pipe systems need much more space (just think of a pipe rack). Insulation of flanged pipe systems is more expensive (special flange caps). A new line can contain multiple pipe spools and can be manufactured in a workshop. This pipe spools can be assembled in the plant without the need to be welded. NDO (X-ray, Hydro test etc.) in the plant is not necessary, because this has been done Blasting and painting in the plant is not necessary, because even this has been done in
100 percent leak proof).
Of course, flange connections have great benefits; some examples:
in the workshop. a workshop (only paint damages during installation should be repaired). As with many things, everything has its pros and cons.
Werner Slken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved. We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. Albert Einstein | top of page |
FLANGES GENERAL Flanges general Pressure Class Flanges types Bolt Hole Orientation Flange Faces Flange Face Finish Gaskets and Bolts Torque Tightening Bolt Tensioning Materials acc. to ASTM
Dylan Group
Our range of steel piping products is one of the world's largest, and is sourced only from carefully selected manufacturers.
DEFINITION & DETAILS OF SPECIAL FLANGES Orifice Flanges and Plates Spectacle blind-spades-spacers LWN-Weldo-Exp-Red Flanges
Definition and details of flanges - Pressure class PRESSURE CLASS

The Pressure Class or Rating for flanges will be given in pounds. Different names are used to indicate a Pressure Class. For example: 150 Lb or 150 Lbs or 150# or Class 150, all are means the same. Forged steel flanges are made in seven primary ratings:
150Lbs - 300Lbs - 400Lbs - 600Lbs - 900Lbs - 1500Lbs - 2500 Lbs
The concept of flange ratings likes clearly. A Class 300 flange can handle more pressure than a Class 150 flange, because a Class 300 flange are constructed with more metal and can withstand more pressure. However, there are a number of factors that can impact the pressure capability of a flange.
EXAMPLE
Flanges can withstand different pressures at different temperatures. As temperature increases, the pressure rating of the flange decreases. For example, a Class 150 flange is rated to approximately 270 PSIG at ambient conditions, 180 PSIG at approximately 400F, 150 PSIG at approximately 600F, and 75 PSIG at approximately 800F. In other words, when the pressure goes down, the temperature goes up and vice versa. Additional factors are that flanges can be constructed from different materials, such as stainless steel, cast and ductile iron, carbon steel et cetera. Each material have different pressure ratings.
PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE RATINGS
Pressure-temperature ratings are maximum allowable working gage pressures in bar units at the temperatures in degrees celsius. For intermediate temperatures, linear interpolation is permitted. Interpolation between class designations is not permitted. Pressure-temperature ratings apply to flanged joints that conform to the limitations on bolting and on gaskets, which are made up in accordance with good practice for alignment and assembly. Use of these ratings for flanged joints not conforming to these limitations is the responsibility of the user. The temperature shown for a corresponding pressure rating is the temperature of the pressure-containing shell of the component. In general, this temperature is the same as that of the contained fluid. Use of a pressure rating corresponding to a temperature other than that of the contained fluid is the responsibility of the user, subject to the requirements of applicable codes and regulations. For any temperature below -29C, the rating shall be no greater than the rating shown for -29C. As an example, below you will find two tables with material groups acc. to ASTM, and two other tables with flange pressure-temperature ratings for those ASTM materials acc. to ASME B16.5.
ASTM Group 2-1.1 Materials

Nominal Designation C-Si Forgings A105(1) Castings A216 Gr.WCB(1) Plates A515 Gr.70(1)
ASTM Group 2-
Nominal Forg Designation
16Cr-12Ni- A182 2Mo Gr.F
C-Mn-Si C-Mn-Si-V 3Ni
A350 Gr.LF2(1) A350 Gr.LF6 Cl 1(3) A350 Gr.LF3
A516 Gr.70(1),(2) A537 Cl.1(4) -
18Cr-13Ni- A182 3Mo Gr.F 18Cr-8Ni
A182 Gr.F
NOTES: (1) Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 425C, the carbide phase of steel may be converted to graphite. Permissible but not recommended for prolonged use above 425C. (2) Do not use over 455C. (3) Do not use over 260C. (4) Do not use over 370C.
NOTE:
(1) Do not
Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM Group 2-1.1 Materials

Working pressures by classes, BAR
Temp.C -29 to 38 50 100 150 200 250 300 325 350 375 400 425 450 475 500 538
150 19.6 19.2 17.7 15.8 13.8 12.1 10.2 9.3 8.4 7.4 6.5 5.5 4.6 3.7 2.8 1.4
300 51.1 50.1 46.6 45.1 43.8 41.9 39.8 38.7 37.6 36.4 34.7 28.8 23 17.4 11.8 5.9
400 68.1 66.8 62.1 60.1 58.4 55.9 53.1 51.6 50.1 48.5 46.3 38.4 30.7 23.2 15.7 7.9
600 102.1 100.2 93.2 90.2 87.6 83.9 79.6 77.4 75.1 72.7 69.4 57.5 46 34.9 23.5 11.8
900 153.2 150.4 139.8 135.2 131.4 125.8 119.5 116.1 112.7 109.1 104.2 86.3 69 52.3 35.3 17.7
Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM Group 2-2.3 Materials

Working pressures by classes, BAR
Temp.C -29 to 38 50 100 150 200 250 300 325 350 375 400 425 450
150 15.9 15.3 13.3 12 11.2 10.5 10 9.3 8.4 7.4 6.5 5.5 4.6
300 41.4 40 34.8 31.4 29.2 27.5 26.1 25.5 25.1 24.8 24.3 23.9 23.4
400 55.2 53.4 46.4 41.9 38.9 36.6 34.8 34 33.4 33 32.4 31.8 31.2
600 82.7 80 69.6 62.8 58.3 54.9 52.1 51 50.1 49.5 48.6 47.7 46.8
900 124.1 120.1 104.4 94.2 87.5 82.4 78.2 76.4 75.2 74.3 72.9 71.6 70.2
Werner Slken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved. We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. Albert Einstein | top of page | | sitemap | about | news | jobs | abbreviations | fun | question | conversion | links | copyright | se arch | contact |
FLANGES GENERAL Flanges general Pressure Class Flanges types Bolt Hole Orientation Flange Faces
Flange Face Finish Gaskets and Bolts Torque Tightening Bolt Tensioning Materials acc. to ASTM DEFINITION & DETAILS OF SPECIAL FLANGES Orifice Flanges and Plates Spectacle blind-spades-spacers LWN-Weldo-Exp-Red Flanges
Texas Flange
Definition and details of flanges - Types of flanges FLANGE TYPES

As already before described, the most used flange types acc. to ASME B16.5 are: Welding Neck, Slip On, Socket Weld, Lap Joint, Threaded and Blind flange. Here below you will find a short description and definition of each type, completed with an detailed image.
WELDING NECK FLANGE

Welding Neck Flanges are easy to recognize at the long tapered hub, that goes gradually over to the wall thickness from a pipe or fitting. The long tapered hub provides an important reinforcement for use in several applications involving high pressure, sub-zero and / or elevated temperatures. The smooth transition from flange thickness to pipe or fitting wall thickness effected by the taper is extremely beneficial, under conditions of repeated bending, caused by line expansion or other variable forces. These flanges are bored to match the inside diameter of the mating pipe or fitting so there will be no restriction of product flow. This prevents turbulence at the joint and reduces erosion. They also provide excellent stress distribution through the tapered hub and are easily radiographed for flaw detection. This flange type will be welded to a pipe or fitting with a single full penetration, V weld (Buttweld).
Image of details Welding Neck flange.
SLIP On FLANGE
The calculated strength from a Slip On flange under internal pressure is of the order of twothirds that of welding neck flanges, and their life under fatigue is about one-third that of the latter. The connection with the pipe is done with 2 fillet welds, as well at the outside as also at the inside of the flange. The X measure on the image, are approximately: Wall thickness of pipe + 3 mm. This space is necessary, to do not damage the flange face, during the welding process. A disadvantage of the flange is, that principle always firstly a pipe must be welded and then just a fitting. A combination of flange and elbow or flange and tee is not possible, because named fittings have not a straight end, that complete slid in the Slip On flange.
Image of details Slip On flange.
Socket Weld FLANGE

Socket Weld flanges were initially developed for use on small-size high pressure piping. Their static strength is equal to Slip On flanges, but their fatigue strength 50% greater than doublewelded Slip On flanges. The connection with the pipe is done with 1 fillet weld, at the outside of the flange. But before welding, a space must be created between flange or fitting and pipe. ASME B31.1 1998 127.3 Preparation for Welding (E) Socket Weld Assembly says: In assembly of the joint before welding, the pipe or tube shall be inserted into the socket to the maximum depth and then withdrawn approximately 1/16" (1.6 mm) away from contact between the end of the pipe and the shoulder of the socket. The purpose for the bottoming clearance in a socket weld is usually to reduce the residual stress at the root of the weld that could occur during solidification of the weld metal. The image shows you the X measure for the expansion gap. The disadvantage of this flange is right the gap, that must be made. By corrosive products, and mainly in stainless steel pipe systems, the crack between pipe and flange can give corrosion problems. In some processes this flange is also not allowed. I am not an expert in this matter, but on the internet, you will find a lot of information about forms of corrosion. Also for this flange counts, that principle always firstly a pipe must be welded and then just a fitting.
Image of details Socket Weld Flange. Remark(s) of the author...
Lap Joint FLANGE
Lap Joint Flanges have all the same common dimensions as any other flange named on this page however it does not have a raised face, they used in conjunction with a "Lap Joint Stub End". These flanges are nearly identical to a Slip On flange with the exception of a radius at the intersection of the flange face and the bore to accommodate the flanged portion of the stub end. Their pressure-holding ability is little, if any, better than that of Slip On flanges and the fatigue life for the assembly is only one tenth that of welding neck flanges. They may be used at all pressures and are available in a full size range. These flanges slip over the pipe, and are not welded or otherwise fastened to it. Bolting pressure is transmitted to the gasket by the pressure of the flange against the back of the pipe lap (Stub End). Lap Joint flanges have certain special advantages:
Freedom to swivel around the pipe facilitates the lining up of opposing flange bolt Lack of contact with the fluid in the pipe often permits the use of inexpensive In systems which erode or corrode quickly, the flanges may be salvaged for re-use.
holes. carbon steel flanges with corrosion resistant pipe.

Image of details Lap Joint Flange. Remark(s) of the author...
Stub End
A Stub End always will be used with a Lap Joint flange, as a backing flange. This flange connections are applied, in low-pressure and non critical applications, and is a cheap method of flanging. In a stainless steel pipe system, for example, a carbon steel flange can be applied, because they are not come in contact with the product in the pipe. Stub Ends are available in almost all pipe diameters. Dimensions and dimensional tolerances are defined in the ASME B.16.9 standard. Light-weight corrosion resistant Stub Ends (fittings) are defined in MSS SP43.
Image of Stub End with Lap Joint Flange.
THREADED FLANGE
Threaded Flanges are used for special circumstances with their main advantage being that they can be attached to the pipe without welding. Sometimes a seal weld is also used in conjunction with the threaded connection. Although still available in most sizes and pressure ratings, screwed fittings today are used almost exclusively in smaller pipe sizes.
A threaded flange or fitting is not suitable for a pipe system with thin wall thickness, because cutting thread on a pipe is not possible. Thus, thicker wall thickness must be chosen...what is thicker ? ASME B31.3 Piping Guide says: Where steel pipe is threaded and used for steam service above 250 psi or for water service above 100 psi with water temperatures above 220 F, the pipe shall be seamless and have a thickness at least equal to schedule 80 of ASME B36.10.
Image of details Threaded flange. Remark(s) of the author...
BLIND FLANGE
Blind Flanges are manufactured without a bore and used to blank off the ends of piping, valves and pressure vessel openings. From the standpoint of internal pressure and bolt loading, blind flanges, particularly in the larger sizes, are the most highly stressed flange types. However, most of these stresses are bending types near the center, and since there is no standard inside diameter, these flanges are suitable for higher pressure temperature applications.
Image of details Blind flange. Werner Slken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved. We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. Albert Einstein | sitemap | about | news | jobs | abbreviations | fun | question | conversion | links | copyright | se arch | contact |
FLANGES GENERAL Flanges general Pressure Class Flanges types Bolt Hole Orientation Flange Faces Flange Face Finish Gaskets and Bolts Torque Tightening
Bolt Tensioning Materials acc. to ASTM DEFINITION & DETAILS OF SPECIAL FLANGES Orifice Flanges and Plates Spectacle blind-spades-spacers LWN-Weldo-Exp-Red Flanges
Texas Flange
Definition and details of flanges - Bolt holes BOLT HOLES FOR FLANGES
Just as already circumscribed, ASME B16.5 is also de standard for the number and the diameter of the bolt holes in a flange. The numbers and diameters diverge per Pressure Class, but is for every typ of flange in a specific Pressure Class the same. The bolt holes are be similar divided over the diameter of the bolt circle, and the number is always an even number (4, 8, 12, 16 et cetera).
BOLT HOLE ORIENTATION

During the prefab of a flange to for example a elbow, the position of the bolt holes are of particular importance. Maybe you have ever seen the following on a drawing:
All flange bolt holes straddle the centerlines

That means: 1. For a vertical flange face (the flange face in the vertical and the line is horizontal) the bolt holes want to be orientated to straddle the vertical and horizontal centerlines.
Image of correct vertical position. Image of incorrect vertical position.
2. For a horizontal flange face (the flange face is horizontal and the line is vertical above or vertical down) the bolt holes want to be orientated to straddle the Plant North centerlines. See below on this page, a image of a plant north situation.
Image of correct horizontal position. Image of incorrect horizontal position.
It is very important, that is not deviated from the standard bolt hole orientation. Only on explicit request, e.g. of the customer, may be a different orientation be applied. In 99 percent of all cases, where you will see a different orientation, you can assume that it is a mistake. This centerline rule for flanges, understood and followed by all responsible equipment manufacturers and piping fabricators.
PLANT NORTH
A plant north, is a horizontal reference point, and is derived from an official geographical reference point. A plant north is applied...see more about plant coordinates in the main menu "DOCS".
1 = Official reference point 2 = South West angle of new plant X = East West distance from new plant to reference point Y = North South distance from new plant to reference point
Definition and details of flanges - Flange Faces -
FLANGE FACES
Different types of flange faces are used as the contact surfaces to seat the sealing gasket material. ASME B16.5 and B16.47 define various types of flange facings, including the raised face, the large male and female facings which have identical dimensions to provide a relatively large contact area. Other flange facings covered by these standards include the large and small tongue-andgroove facings, and the ring joint facing specifically for ring joint type metal gaskets.
RAISED FACE (RF)

The raised face flange face is the most common type used in process plant applications, and is easily to identify. It is referred to as a raised face because the gasket surfaces are raised above the bolting circle face. This face type allows the use of a wide combination of gasket designs, including flat ring sheet types and metallic composites such as spiral wound and double jacketed types. The purpose of a RF flange is to concentrate more pressure on a smaller gasket area and thereby increase the pressure containment capability of the joint. Diameter and height are in ASME B16.5 defined, by pressure class and diameter. Pressure rating of the flange determines the height of the raised face. The typical flange face finish for ASME B16.5 RF flanges is 125 to 250 in Ra (3 to 6 m Ra). Raised Face height For the height measures H and B of all described dimensions of flanges on this website, with exception of the Lap Joint flange, it is important to understand and remember the following: In Pressure Classes 150 and 300 Lbs, the height of raised face is approximately 1.6 mm (1/16 inch). In these two Pressure Classes, almost all suppliers of flanges, show in their catalog or brochure, the H and B dimensions including the raised face height. See figure 1 on the image below.
In Pressure Classes 400, 600, 900, 1500 & 2500 Lbs, the height of raised face is approximately 6.4 mm (1/4 inch). In these Pressure Classes, most suppliers show the H and B dimensions excluding the raised face height. See figure 2 on the image above.
FLAT FACE (FF)

The flat face flange has a gasket surface in the same plane as the bolting circle face. Applications using flat face flanges are frequently those in which the mating flange or flanged fitting is made from a casting. Flat face flanges are never to be bolted to a raised face flange. ASME B31.1 says that when connecting flat face cast iron flanges to carbon steel flanges, the raised face on the carbon steel flange must be removed, and that a full face gasket is required. This is to keep the thin, bittle cast iron flange from being sprung into the gap caused by the raised face of the carbon steel flange.
RING-TYPE JOINT (RTJ)

The ring type joint flanges are typically used in high pressure (Class 600 and higher rating) and/or high temperature services above 800F (427C). They have grooves cut into their faces which steel ring gaskets. The flanges seal when tightened bolts compress the gasket between the flanges into the grooves, deforming (or Coining) the gasket to make intimate contact inside the grooves, creating a metal to metal seal. An RTJ flange may have a raised face with a ring groove machined into it. This raised face does not serve as any part of the sealing means. For RTJ flanges that seal with ring gaskets, the raised faces of the connected and tightened flanges may contact each other. In this case the compressed gasket will not bear additional load beyond the bolt tension, vibration and movement cannot further crush the gasket and lessen the connecting tension. Ring Type Joint gaskets Ring Type Joint gaskets are metallic sealing rings, suitable for high-pressure and hightemperature applications. They are always applied to special, accompanying flanges which ensure good, reliable sealing with the correct choice of profiles and material. Ring Type Joint gaskets are designed to seal by "initial line contact" or wedging action between the mating flange and the gasket. By applying pressure on the seal interface through bolt force, the "softer" metal of the gasket flows into the microfine structure of the harder flange material, and creating a very tight and efficient seal. Most applied type is style R ring that is manufactured in accordance with ASME B16.20 used with ASME B16.5 flanges, class 150 to 2500. Style
R ring type joints are manufactured in both oval and octagonal configurations. The
octagonal cross section has a higher sealing efficiency than the oval and would be the preferred gasket. However, only the oval cross section can be used in the old type round
bottom groove. The newer flat bottom groove design will accept either the oval or the octagonal cross section. The sealing surfaces on the ring joint grooves must be smoothly finished to 63 Microinches and be free of objectionable ridges, tool or chatter marks. They seal by an initial line contact or a wedging action as the compressive forces are applied. The hardness of the ring should always be less than the hardness of the flanges. Style R ring type joints are designed to seal pressure up to 6,250 psi in accordance with ASME B16.5 pressure ratings and up to 5,000 psi.
TONGUE-AND-GROOVE (T&G)
The tongue and groove faces of this flanges must be matched. One flange face has a raised ring (Tongue) machined onto the flange face while the mating flange has a matching depression (Groove) machined into it's face. Tongue-and-groove facings are standardized in both large and small types. They differ from male-and-female in that the inside diameters of the tongue-and-groove do not extend into the flange base, thus retaining the gasket on its inner and outer diameter. These are commonly found on pump covers and valve bonnets. Tongue-and-groove joints also have an advantage in that they are self-aligning and act as a reservoir for the adhesive. The scarf joint keeps the axis of loading in line with the joint and does not require a major machining operation. General flange faces such as the RTJ, T&G and the F&M shall never be bolted together. The reason for this is that the contact surfaces do not match and there is no gasket that has one type on one side and another type on the other side.
MALE-AND-FEMALE (M&F)
With this type the flanges also must be matched. One flange face has an area that extends beyond the normal flange face (Male). The other flange or mating flange has a matching depression (Female) machined into it's face. The female face is 3/16-inch deep, the male face is 1/4-inch high, and both are smooth finished. The outer diameter of the female face acts to locate and retain the gasket. Custom male and female facings are commonly found on the heat exchanger shell to channel and cover flanges.
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF T&G AND M&F FLANGE FACES

Advantages: Better sealing properties, more precise location and exact compression af sealing material, utilization of other, more suitable sealing and spezialized sealing material (O-rings). Disadvantages: Commercial availabillity and cost. Normal raised faced is far more common and ready
available both regarding valves, flanges and sealing material. Another complexity is that some rigid rules must be applied to the piping design. Do you order valves to be female end both sides, or on one side maybe, in which case do you point all male ends in the flow direction, or what. Same applies to any flanged joint / vessel connection of course.
Other flange descriptions: Flanges general | Pressure Class | Flanges types | Bolt Hole Orientation | Flange Faces | Flange Face Finish | Gaskets and Bolts | Torque Tightening | Bolt Tensioning | Materials acc. to ASTM Werner Slken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved. We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. Albert Einstein | top of page |
Definition and details of flanges - Flange face finish FLANGE FACE FINISH
The ASME B16.5 code requires that the flange face (raised face and flat face) has a specific roughness to ensure that this surface be compatible with the gasket and provide a high quality seal.
Image of serrated texture on Raised Face.
A serrated finish, either concentric or spiral, is required with 30 to 55 grooves per inch and a resultant roughness between 125 and 500 micro inches. This allows for various grades of surface finish to be made available by flange manufactures for the gasket contact surface of metal flanges.
THE MOST USED SURFACES ARE
Stock Finish The most widely used of any flange surface finish, because practically, is suitable for all ordinary service conditions. Under compression, the soft face from a gasket will embed into this finish, which helps create a seal, and a high level of friction is generated between the mating surfaces. The finish for these flanges is generated by a 1.6 mm radius round-nosed
tool at a feed rate of 0.8 mm per revolution up to 12 inch. For sizes 14 inch and larger, the finish is made with 3.2 mm round-nosed tool at a feed of 1.2 mm per revolution. Spiral Serrated This is also a continuous or phonographic spiral groove, but it differs from the stock finish in that the groove typically is generated using a 90-deg tool which creates a "V" geometry with 45 angled serration. Concentric Serrated As the name suggests, this finish is comprised of concentric grooves. A 90tool is used and the serrations are spaced evenly across the face. Smooth Finish This finish shows no visually apparent tool markings. These finishes are typically utilized for gaskets with metal facings such as double jacketed, flat steel and corrugated metal. The smooth surfaces mate to create a seal and depend on the flatness of the opposing faces to effect a seal. This is typically achieved by having the gasket contact surface formed by a continuous (sometimes called phonographic) spiral groove generated by a 0.8 mm radius round-nosed tool at a feed rate of 0.3 mm per revolution with a depth of 0.05 mm. This will result in a roughness between Ra 3.2 and 6.3 micrometers (125 - 250 micro inch).
FLANGES GENERAL Flanges general Pressure Class Flanges types Bolt Hole Orientation Flange Faces Flange Face Finish Gaskets and Bolts Torque Tightening
Bolt Tensioning Materials acc. to ASTM DEFINITION & DETAILS OF SPECIAL FLANGES Orifice Flanges and Plates Spectacle blind-spades-spacers LWN-Weldo-Exp-Red Flanges

GASKETS
To realize a leak-free flange connection gaskets are necessary. Gaskets are compressible sheets or rings used to make a fluid-resistant seal between two surfaces. Gaskets are built to operate under extreme temperature and pressures and are available in a wide range of metallic, semi-metallic and non-metallic materials. The principle of sealing, for example, is the compression from a gasket between two flanges. A gaskets fills the microscopic spaces and irregularities of the flange faces and then it forms a seal that is designed to keep liquids and gases. Correct installation of damage free gaskets is a requirement for a leak-free flange connection. On this website gaskets according to ASME B16.20 (Metallic and semi-metallic gaskets for Pipe flanges) and ASME B16.21 (Nonmetallic flat gaskets for pipe flanges) will be defined. On the Gaskets page you will find more details concerning types, materials and dimensions.
BOLTS
To connect two flanges with each other, also bolts are necessary. The quantity will be given by the number of bolt holes in a flange, diameter and length of bolts is dependent of flange type and Pressure Class of flange. The most used bolts in Petro and chemical industry for ASME B16.5 flanges are stud bolts. Stud bolts are made from a threaded rod and using two nuts. The other available type is the machine bolt that using one nut. On this site only stud bolts will be discussed. Dimensions, dimensional tolerances et cetera have been defined in the ASME B16.5 and ASME 18.2.2 standard, materials in different ASTM standards. On the Stud bolts page you will find more details concerning materials and dimensions. See also Torque Tightening and Bolt Tensioning in the mainmenu "Flanges" or on the right of this page.
www.enerpac.com
Definition and details of flanges - Torque Tightening TORQUE TIGHTENING

To obtain a leak-free flange connection, a proper gasket installation is needed, the bolts must be assign on the correct bolt tension, and the total bolt strength must be evenly divided over the whole flange face. With Torque Tightening (the application of preload to a fastener by the turning of the fastener's nut) the correct bolt tension can be realized. Correct tightening of a bolt means making the best use of the bolt's elastic properties. To work well, a bolt must behave just like a spring. In operation, the tightening process exerts an axial pre-load tension on the bolt. This tension load is of course equal and opposite to the compression force applied on the assembled components. It can be referred to as the "tightening load" or "tension load"
TORQUE WRENCH
Torque Wrench is the general name for a hand-guided screwing tool, and used to precisely set the force of a fastening such as a nut or bolt. It allows the operator to measure the rotational force (torque) applied to the bolt so it can be matched to the specifications.
Image of manual and hydraulic wrench.
The selection of the proper flange bolt tigtening technique requires experience. The successful application of any technique also requires qualification of both the tools that will be used and the crew who will do the work. The following summarizes the most commonly used flange bolt tightening techniques.
Manual Wrench Impact Wrench Hammer Wrench Hydraulic Torque Wrench Manual Beam and Gear-Assisted Torque Wrench Hydraulic Bolt Tensioner
TORQUE LOSS
Torque loss is inherent in any bolted joint. The combined effects of bolt relaxation, (approximately 10% during the first 24 hours after installation), gasket creep, vibration in the
system, thermal expansion and elastic interaction during bolt tightening contribute to torque loss. When torque loss reaches an extreme, the internal pressure exceeds the compressive force holding the gasket in place and a leak or blow-out occurs. A key to reducing these effects is proper gasket installation. By bringing the flanges together slowly and parallel when installing a gasket and taking a minimum of four bolt tightening passes, following the correct bolt tightening sequence, there is a payoff in reduced maintenance costs and increased safety. Proper gasket thickness is also important. The thicker the gasket, the higher the gasket creep which in turn can result in torque loss. On standard ASME raised face flanges a 1.6 mm thick gasket is normally recommended. Thinner gasket materials can take a higher gasket load and therefore higher internal pressures.
LUBRICATION REDUCES FRICTION

Lubrication reduces the friction during tightening, decreases bolt failure during installation and increases bolt life. Variation in friction coefficients affect the amount of preload achieved at a specific torque. Higher friction results in less conversion of torque to preload. The value for the friction coefficient provided by the lubricant manufacturer must be known to accurately establish the required torque value. Lubricant or anti-seizure compounds should be applied to both the nut bearing surface and the male threads.
TIGHTENING SEQUENCE
The first pass, lightly tighten the first bolt then move directly across or 180 degrees for the second bolt, then move 1/4 turn around the circle or 90 degrees for the third bolt and directly across for the fourth. Continue this sequence until all bolts are tightened. When tightening a four-bolt flange, use a criss-cross pattern.
Tightening Sequence
PREPARATION FLANGE BOLT-UP

In a flanged connection, all components must be correct to achieve a seal. The most common cause of leaky gasketed joints is improper installation procedures. Before beginning a bolting process, the following preliminary steps will avoid future problems:
Clean the flange faces and check for scars; the faces must be clean and free of defects Visually inspect all bolts and nuts for damaged or corroded threads. Replace or repair Remove burrs from all threads. Lubricate the threads of the bolt or stud, and the surface of the nut face adjacent to Install the new gasket and be sure gasket is properly centered. DO NOT REUSE old
(burrs, pits, dents, et cetera). bolts or nuts as necessary.
the flange or washer. Hardened washers are recommended in most applications. gasket, or use MULTIPLE gaskets.
Check flange alignment according to ASME B31.3 Process Piping:
...flange faces must be parallel within 1/16" per foot of diameter, and flange bolt holes must be aligned to within 1/8" maximum offset.
nut.
Adjust the position of the nuts to insure that 2-3 threads is visible above the top of the
Irrespective which method of tightening is used, above determined checks and preparations always must be done.
Remark(s) of the author... Werner Slken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved. We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. Albert Einstein | top of page |
Definition and details of flanges - Bolt Tensioning BOLT TENSIONING

What is Bolt Tensioning
Tensioning is the direct axial stretching of the bolt to achieve preload. Inaccuracies
created through friction are eliminated. Massive mechanical effort to create torque is replaced with simple hydraulic pressure. A uniform load can be applied by tensioning multiple studs simultaneously.
Tensioning requires longer bolts, and a seating area on the assembly around the nut. * Preload (residual load) = Applied Torque minus Frictional Losses *
Tensioning can be done using detachable Bolt Tensioners or Hydraulic Nuts. What is Load Loss
Load loss is a loss of bolt elongation depending on factors such as thread deflections,
radial expansion of the nut, and embedding of the nut into the contact area of the joint. Load loss is accounted for in calculation and is added to the preload value to determine the initial Applied Load. The preload depends on Applied Load and Load Loss (load loss factor).
TENSIONING OPERATION
Tensioning permits the simultaneous tightening of multiple bolts; the tools are connected in sequence via a high-pressure hose assembly to a single pump unit. This ensures each tool develops the exact same load and provides a uniform clamping force across the joint. This is especially important for pressure containing vessels requiring even gasket compression to affect a seal. General Procedure
Step 1: The bolt tensioner is fitted over the stud Step 2: Hydraulic pressure is applied to the tensioner which then stretches the stud Step 3: The stud's nut is wound down against the joint face Step 4: Pressure is released and the tool removed
The bolt behaves like a spring, when the pressure is released the bolt is under tension and attempts to contract, creating the required clamping force across the joint.
Less than 100% Tensioning

Not all applications allow for the simultaneous fit of a tensioning device on each bolt, in these cases at least two tensioning pressures are applied. This is to account for a load loss in those bolts already tensioned as the next sets are tightened. The load losses are accounted for in calculation and a higher load is applied to allow the first sets to relax back to the target preload.
Set-up using a 50% tensioning procedure
Half the bolts are tensioned simultaneously, the tools are relocated on the remaining bolts and they are subsequently tensioned.
Set-up using a 100% tensioning procedure All bolts are tensioned simultaneously.
Source: www.enerpac.com
PREPARATION FLANGE BOLT-UP

In a flanged connection, all components must be correct to achieve a seal. The most common cause of leaky gasketed joints is improper installation procedures. Before beginning a bolting process, the following preliminary steps will avoid future problems:
Clean the flange faces and check for scars; the faces must be clean and free of defects Visually inspect all bolts and nuts for damaged or corroded threads. Replace or repair Remove burrs from all threads. Lubricate the threads of the bolt or stud, and the surface of the nut face adjacent to Install the new gasket and be sure gasket is properly centered. DO NOT REUSE old Check flange alignment according to ASME B31.3 Process Piping:
(burrs, pits, dents, et cetera). bolts or nuts as necessary.
the flange or washer. Hardened washers are recommended in most applications. gasket, or use MULTIPLE gaskets. ...flange faces must be parallel within 1/16" per foot of diameter, and flange bolt holes must be aligned to within 1/8" maximum offset.
nut.
Adjust the position of the nuts to insure that 2-3 threads is visible above the top of the
Irrespective which method of tightening is used, above determined checks and preparations always must be done.
Remark(s) of the author... Werner Slken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved. We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. Albert Einstein | top of page |
Definition and details of flanges - Materials ASTM GRADES

Dimensions from carbon steel and stainless steel flanges are defined in the ASME B16.5 standard. The material qualities for these flanges are defined in the ASTM standards. These ASTM standards, define the specific manufacturing process of the material and determine the exact chemical composition of pipes, fittings and flanges, through percentages of the permitted quantities of carbon, magnesium, nickel, et cetera, and are indicated by "Grade". For example, a carbon steel flange can be identified with Grade F9 or F11, a stainless-steel flange with Grade F316 or Grade F321 et cetera. Below you will find as an example a table with chemical requirements for flanges according to ASTM A182 Grade F304, F304L, F316L, and a table with frequent Grades, arranged on pipe and pipe-components, which belong together as a group. As you may be have noted, in the table below, ASTM A105 has no Grade. Sometimes ASTM A105N is described;
"N" stands not for Grade, but for normalized. Normalizing is a type of heat treatment, applicable to ferrous metals only. The purpose of normalizing is to remove the internal stresses induced by heat treating, casting, forming et cetera. Chemical requirements composition, %
Grade F304 (A) Carbon, max Manganese, max Phosphorus, max Sulfur, max Silicon, max Nickel Chrome Molybdenum
(A) Nitrogen 0.10% max.
ASTM Grades
Grade F304L (A) 0.035 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 8 - 13 18 - 20 -
Grade F316L (A) 0.035 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 10 - 15 16 - 18 2.00-3.00
0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 8 - 11 18 - 20 -
Material
Pipes
Fittings
Flanges
Valves
Carbon Steel
A106 Gr A A106 Gr B A106 Gr C
A234 Gr WPA A234 Gr WPB A234 Gr WPC
A105 A105 A105
A216 Gr WCB A216 Gr WCB A216 Gr WCB
Carbon Steel Alloy High-Temp
A335 Gr P1 A335 Gr P11 A335 Gr P12 A335 Gr P22 A335 Gr P5 A335 Gr P9
A234 Gr WP1 A234 Gr WP11 A234 Gr WP12 A234 Gr WP22 A234 Gr WP5 A234 Gr WP9
A182 Gr F1 A182 Gr F11 A182 Gr F12 A182 Gr F22 A182 Gr F5 A182 Gr F9
A217 Gr WC1 A217 Gr WC6 A217 Gr WC6 A217 Gr WC9 A217 Gr C5 A217 Gr C12
Carbon Steel Alloy Low-Temp
A333 Gr 5 A333 Gr 3
A420 Gr WPL6 A420 Gr WPL3
A350 Gr LF2 A350 Gr LF3
A352 Gr LCB A352 Gr LC3
Austenitic Stainless Steel
A312 Gr TP304 A312 Gr TP316 A312 Gr TP321
A403 Gr WP304 A403 Gr WP316 A403 Gr WP321
A182 Gr F304 A182 Gr F316 A182 Gr F321
A182 Gr F304 A182 Gr F316 A182 Gr F321
A312 Gr TP347
A403 Gr WP347
A182 Gr F347
A182 Gr F347
MATERIALS ACCORDING TO ASTM

Pipes
A106 = This specification covers carbon steel pipe for high-temperature service. A335 = This specification covers seamless ferritic alloy-steel pipe for high-temperature A333 = This specification covers wall seamless and welded carbon and alloy steel pipe A312 = Standard specification for seamless, straight-seam welded, and cold worked
service. intended for use at low temperatures. welded austenitic stainless steel pipe intended for high-temperature and general corrosive service. Fittings
A234 = This specification covers wrought carbon steel and alloy steel fittings of A420 = Standard specification for piping fittings of wrought carbon steel and alloy A403 = Standard specification for wrought austenitic stainless steel piping fittings. A105 = This specification covers standards for forged carbon steel piping components,
seamless and welded construction. steel for low-temperature service. Flanges that is, flanges, fittings, valves, and similar parts, for use in pressure systems at ambient and higher-temperature service conditions.

Valves
A182 = This specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges, A350 = This specification covers several grades of carbon and low alloy steel forged or
forged fittings, and valves and parts for high-temperature service. ring-rolled flanges, forged fittings and valves for low-temperature service.
A216 = This specification covers carbon steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, or
other pressure-containing parts for high-temperature service and of quality suitable for assembly with other castings or wrought-steel parts by fusion welding.
A217 = This specification covers steel castings, martensitic stainless steel and alloys
steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for high-temperature and corrosive service.
A352 = This specification covers steel castings for valves, flanges, fittings, and other A182 = This specification covers forged or rolled alloy and stainless steel pipe flanges,
pressure-containing parts intended primarily for low-temperature service. forged fittings, and valves and parts for high-temperature service. Bolds & Nuts
A193 = This specification covers alloy and stainless steel bolting material for pressure
vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings for high temperature or high pressure service, or other special purpose applications.
A320 = Standard Specification for Alloy-Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for A194 = Standard specification for nuts in many different material types.
Low-Temperature Service.
DEFINITION AND DETAILS SPECIAL FLANGES Orifice Flanges and Plates Spectacle blind-spades-spacers LWN-Weldo-Exp-Red Flanges DEFINITION & DETAILS FLANGES Flanges general Pressure Class Flanges types Bolt Hole Orientation Flange Faces Flange Face Finish Gaskets and Bolts Torque Tightening Bolt Tensioning Materials acc. to ASTM

WHAT ARE SPECIAL FLANGES
On this page are the special flanges discussed, and parts that may include a flange connection. Special Flanges are basically identical to standard flanges, but have a number of special features.
ORIFICE FLANGE
Image of set of Orifice Flanges.
Orifice Flanges are intended for use instead of standard pipe flanges when an orifice plate or flow nozzle must be installed. Pairs of pressure "Tappings", mostly on 2 sides, directly opposite each other, are machined into the orifice flange. This makes separate orifice carriers or tappings in the pipe wall unnecessary. On the image above a set Orifice Flanges is shown, where the tappings are sealed with a plug, and where a jack screw is machined. This jack screw is used to facilitate separating the flanges for inspection or replacement of the "Orifice Plate" and gaskets. The range of orifice flanges covers all standard sizes and ranges, and all common flange materials. Flanges are available in Welding Neck, Slip On, and Threaded form, and are typically supplied with two " NPT tappings in each flange. ASME B16.36 covers Dimensions and dimensional tolerances from orifice flanges (similar to those covered in ASME B16.5) that have orifice pressure differential connections. Coverage is limited to the following flanges:
Welding Neck Classes 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, 2500 Slip On Class 300 Threaded Class 300
ORIFICE PLATE
Image of a concentric orifice plate.
A Orifice Plate is typically a circular, flat plate with a handle. The most common orifice plate is the square-edged concentric bored orifice plate, others are Eccentric Orifice Plate, Segmental Orifice Plate et cetera. and typically, it is made of a durable metal such as stainless steel. They are normally mounted between a set of Orifice Flanges and are installed in a straight run of smooth pipe to avoid disturbance of flow patterns from fittings and valves. The image of a cross-section of a set of Orifice Flanges, gives you a good impression. Orifices Plates are used to create a differential pressure that relates to the velocity of the gas from which a flow rate can be calculated. As the following gas passes through the restriction in the line caused by the orifice plate, the difference in the upstream and downstream pressure can be measured at set points, called taps, and a flow rate at the point can be determined. As the plate serve as a restriction in a pipeline, then we talk about a Restriction Orifice Plate, abbreviated (RO). Concentric Orifice Plate The most common orifice plate is the square-edged concentric bored orifice plate. The
concentric bored orifice plate is the dominant design because of its proven reliability in a variety of applications and the extensive amount of research conducted on this design. The concentric plate is also easily reproduced at a relatively low cost. The concentric orifice is used to measure a wide variety of single phase, liquid and gas products, typically in conjunction with flange taps. Eccentric Orifice Plate Eccentric orifices are used to measure the flow fluids that carry solids and are also used to measure gases which carry liquids. With the eccentric orifice at the top of the plate, it can measure liquids that carry gas. It should be noted that the eccentric orifice has a higher degree of uncertainty as compared to the concentric orifice. Segmental Orifice Plate Segmental orifice plates are used to measure the flow of light slurries and fluids with high concentration of solids. The design of segmental orifice eliminates the damming of foreign matter and provides more complete drainage than the eccentric orifice plate. The segmental orifice is considerably more expensive than the eccentric orifice and has slightly greater uncertainty.
DEFINITION AND DETAILS SPECIAL FLANGES Orifice Flanges and Plates
Spectacle blind-spades-spacers LWN-Weldo-Exp-Red Flanges DEFINITION & DETAILS FLANGES Flanges general Pressure Class Flanges types Bolt Hole Orientation Flange Faces Flange Face Finish Gaskets and Bolts Torque Tightening Bolt Tensioning Materials acc. to ASTM

SPECTACLE BLINDS
Spectacle Blinds are generally applied to permanently separating pipesystems, or just to connect with each other.
Image of a Spectacle Blind.
A Spectacle Blind is a steel plate cut into two discs of a certain thickness. The two discs are attached to each other by section of steel similar to the nose piece of a pair of glasses. One of the discs is a solid plate, and the other is a ring, whose inside diameter is equal to that of a flange. Spectacle Blinds be applied in systems, which regularly need to be separated from other installations. Normally, a Spectacle Blind is mounted in the "open" position so that flow through the pipe is possible. If the Spectacle Blind in the "close" position is rotated, the pipe is blanked off and no flow is possible. Maintenance on a pipesystem can be a reason to rotate the spectacle in the "close" position. This run will take place through the hole, that is drilled in the connection piece. By loosening of all bolts, and partial removal of their, the Spectacle Blind can be rotated. After replacing the gaskets (new gaskets are to recommend), the bolts can be re-assembled and tightened.
Remark(s) of the author...
SPADES (SINGLE BLINDS) / RING SPACER

Spades and Ring Spacers are basically the same as Spectacle Blinds, except that both are not attached to each other.
Image of a Spade. Image of a Ring Spacer.
Spades and Spacers be applied in systems where maintenance is often not necessary, or in applications with large pipe sizes. Depending on the flange size and the Pressure Class,
Spades can weigh hundreds of pounds. To prevent unnecessary weight to a flange connections, usually will be chosen not for a Spectacle Blind, but for 2 separate parts. So as for the Spectacle Blind already described, maintenance on a pipesystem can be a reason to temporarily replace a Ring Spacer for a Spade. By loosening of all bolts, and half of the bolts temporarily remove, the Spade or Spacer can be placed. After replacing the gaskets (new gaskets are to recommend), the bolts can be re-assembled and tightened. A small problem is that we basically can not see, or a Spade or a Spacer mounted between the flanges. Therefore the handles are often specially marked, or both have a different design; a customer often provides its own specification. What should never lack is, that in the handle, the diameter and the Pressure Class of a Spade or Spacer is engraved; this applies also for the Spectacle Blind.
SURFACES / DIMENSIONS / MATERIAL

The sealing surfaces of a Spectacle Blind, Spade or Ring Spacer are usually conducted in accordance with the Face Finish from the flange. The diameter always is slightly larger than the Raised Face of a flange; by a correct assembly, the bolts are just not touched by the Blind or Spacer. The diameter of them, is depending on the flange size, and the thickness from the Pressure Class of a flange. Dimensions from Spectacle Blinds, Spades and Ring Spacers, you will find in the main menu "Flanges" ASME B16.48 covers pressure-temperature ratings, materials, dimensions, dimensional tolerances, marking, and testing for operating line blanks in sizes NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24 for installation between ASME B16.5 flanges in the 150, 300, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500 Pressure Classes. Spectacle Blinds, Spades and Ring Spacers should be made from a plate or forging specification, approved for use by ASME B31.3, of essentially the same chemical composition as the mating flanges and piping involved.
DEFINITION AND DETAILS SPECIAL FLANGES Orifice Flanges and Plates Spectacle blind-spades-spacers LWN-Weldo-Exp-Red Flanges DEFINITION & DETAILS FLANGES Flanges general Pressure Class Flanges types Bolt Hole Orientation Flange Faces Flange Face Finish Gaskets and Bolts Torque Tightening Bolt Tensioning Materials acc. to ASTM

LONG WELDING NECK FLANGE
Image of a long Welding Neck flange.
Long Neck Welding (abbreviated LWN) flanges are similar to a standard Welding Neck flange, but the "Neck" is considerably longer. This type is often used as a nozzle for a barrel or column. In addition, there are the type LWN Heavy Barrel (HB) and the Equal LWN Barrel (E); they have a different shape and a thicker "Wall".
WELDOFLANGE / NIPOFLANGE
Image of a Weldo / Nipo flange.
The Weldoflange and Nipoflange is a combination of a Welding Neck flange and a supposedly Weldolet or Nipolet. The 2 components are manufactured in one piece, and not welded. These flanges are primarily in Branchconnections. On the website of Promat BD you can find more information about the various performances, dimensions et cetera. Furthermore, they have an expanded range of special flanges, fittings and branch connections.
EXPANDER FLANGE
Image of Expander Flanges.
Expander Flanges is a Welding Neck pipe flange where the nominal size of the non-flanged end is larger than the nominal size of the flanged end. They can be used to change the size of a pipe run. These are usually used to increase the line size to the first or second larger size. This is an alternative to using a separate reducer and weld neck flange combination. The expander flange can be used to connect pipe to pumps, compressors and valves.
REDUCING FLANGE
Image of a Reducing Flange.
Reducing Flanges are suitable for changing line size, but should not be used if abrupt transition would create undesirable turbulence, as at pump connections. A reducing flange consists of a flange with one specified diameter having a bore of a different and smaller, diameter. Except for the bore and hub dimensions, the flange will have dimensions of the larger pipe size.
Dimensions Weld Neck flanges and Stud bolts according to ASME B16.5
IMPORTANT Information
Pressure Class Diameter - A Diameter - D Thickness - B Diameter - G Diameter - K Height - H Bolt Holes Diameter - L Stud bolt Dia x Length
150 30 90 9.6 11.2 35.1 60.3 46 47.6 4 15.9 1/2" 55
300 38 95 12.7 14.3 35.1 66.7 51 52.6 4 15.9 1/2" 65
400 38 95 14.3 20.7 35.1 66.7 52 58.4 4 15.9 1/2" 75
600 38 95 14.3 20.7 35.1 66.7 52 58.4 4 15.9 1/2" 75
900 38 120 22.3 28.7 35.1 82.6 60 66.4 4 22.2 3/4" 110
1 2 2 3 8
3 1
Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 - O.D

Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated. T = Nominal wall thickness of pipe. Bevel for Wall Thicknesses T from 5 mm to 22 mm inclusive. The length of the stud bolt does not include the height of the chamfers (points).
DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES WELDING NECK FLANGES ACC. TO ASME B16.5
Outside Diameter 24 = 1.6 mm | > 24 = 3.2 mm Diameter of Contact Face
Inside Diameter 10 = 0.8 mm | 12 thru 18 = 1.6 mm Diameter of Hub at Base
Raised Face = 0.8 mm 6.35 mm Raised Face, Tongue & Groove / Male-Female = 0.4 mm Diameter of Hub at Point of Welding 5 = + 2.4 mm / - 0.8 mm | 6 = + 4.0 mm / - 0.8 mm Thickness 18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0 | 20 = + 4.8 mm / - 0
Dimensional tolerances are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated.
24 = 1.6 mm | > 24 = 3.2 mm
Drilling Bolt Circle = 1.6 mm | Bolt Hole Spac Eccentricity of Bolt Circle with Resp 2 = 0.8 mm max. | 3 = 1.6 mm ma Length thru Hub 10 = 1.6 mm | 12 = 3.2 mm
OTHER FLANGES DIMENSIONS ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5 Welding Neck Flange | Slip On Flange | Socket Weld Flange | Lap Joint Flange | Threaded
Flange | Blind Flange Werner Slken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved. We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. Albert Einstein | top of page |
Dimensions Slip On flanges and Stud bolts according to ASME B16.5
Pressure Class Diameter - A Diameter - D
150 30 90
300 38 95
400 38 95
600 38 95
900 38 120
Thickness - B Diameter - G Diameter - K Height - H Bolt Holes Diameter - L Stud bolt Dia x Length
9.6 11.2 35.1 60.3 14 15.6 4 15.9 1/2" 55
12.7 14.3 35.1 66.7 21 22.6 4 15.9 1/2" 65
14.3 20.7 35.1 66.7 22 28.4 4 15.9 1/2" 75
14.3 20.7 35.1 66.7 22 28.4 4 15.9 1/2" 75
22.3 28.7 35.1 82.6 32 38.4 4 22.2 3/4" 110
Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 I

Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated. The length of the stud bolt does not include the height of the chamfers (points).
DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES OF SLIP ON FLANGES ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5
Outside Diameter 24 = 1.6 mm | > 24 = 3.2 mm Diameter of Contact Face 1.6 mm Raised Face = 0.8 mm 6.35 mm Raised Face, Tongue & Groove / Male-Female = 0.4 mm Diameter of Counterbore Same as for Inside Diameter Thickness 18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0 | 20 = + 4.8 mm / - 0
Inside Diameter 10 = 0.8 mm | 12 = + 1.6
Outside Diameter of Hub 12 = + 2.4 mm / - 1.6 mm | 1
Drilling Bolt Circle = 1.6 mm | Bolt Ho Eccentricity of Bolt Circle wi 2 = 0.8 mm max. | 3 = 1.6
Length thru Hub 18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0.8 mm | 2
OTHER FLANGES DIMENSIONS ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5

Welding Neck Flange | Slip On Flange | Socket Weld Flange | Lap Joint Flange | Threaded Flange | Blind Flange Werner Slken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved. We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. Albert Einstein | top of page |
Dimensions Socket Weld flanges and Stud bolts according to ASME B16.5
150 30 90 9.6 11.2 35.1 60.3 14 15.6 4 15.9 1/2" 55
300 38 95 12.7 14.3 35.1 66.7 21 22.6 4 15.9 1/2" 65
400 -
600 38 95 14.3 20.7 35.1 66.7 22 28.4 4 15.9 1/2" 75
900 -
Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 (ID = 2

DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES OF SOCKET WELD FLANGES ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5
Outside Diameter 24 = 1.6 mm | > 24 = 3.2 mm
Diameter of Contact Face 1.6 mm Raised Face = 0.8 mm 6.35 mm Raised Face, Tongue & Groove / Male-Female = 0.4 mm Diameter of Counterbore Same as for Inside Diameter Thickness 18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0 | 20 = + 4.8 mm / - 0

Welding Neck Flange | Slip On Flange | Socket Weld Flange | Lap Joint Flange | Threaded Flange | Blind Flange Werner Slken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved. We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. Albert Einstein | top of page |
Dimensions Lap Joint flanges and Stud bolts according to ASME B16.5
Pressure Class Diameter - A
150 30
300 38
400 38
600 38
900 38
Diameter - D Thickness - B Diameter - G Diameter - K Height - H Bolt Holes Diameter - L Stud bolt Dia x Length
90 11.2 35.1 60.3 16 4 15.9 1/2" 55
95 14.3 35.1 66.7 22 4 15.9 1/2" 65
95 14.3 35.1 66.7 22 4 15.9 1/2" 75
95 14.3 35.1 66.7 22 4 15.9 1/2" 75
120 22.3 35.1 82.6 32 4 22.2 3/4" 110
Nominal Pipe Size 1/2 (ID = 22

DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES OF LAP JOINT FLANGES ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5
Outside Diameter 24 = 1.6 mm | > 24 = 3.2 mm Diameter of Contact Face 1.6 mm Raised Face = 0.8 mm 6.35 mm Raised Face, Tongue & Groove / Male-Female = 0.4 mm Diameter of Counterbore Same as for Inside Diameter Thickness 18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0 | 20 = + 4.8 mm / - 0

Welding Neck Flange | Slip On Flange | Socket Weld Flange | Lap Joint Flange | Threaded Flange | Blind Flange Werner Slken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved. We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. Albert Einstein | top of page | | sitemap | about | news | jobs | abbreviations | fun | question | conversion | links | copyright | se arch | contact |
Dimensions Threaded flanges and Stud bolts according to ASME B16.5
150 30 90 9.6 11.2 35.1 60.3 14 15.6 4 15.9 1/2" 55
300 38 95 12.7 14.3 35.1 66.7 21 22.6 4 15.9 1/2" 65
400 38 95 14.3 20.7 35.1 66.7 22 28.4 4 15.9 1/2" 75
600 38 95 14.3 20.7 35.1 66.7 22 28.4 4 15.9 1/2" 75
900 38 120 22.3 28.7 35.1 82.6 32 38.4 4 22.2 3/4" 110 Nominal
DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES OF THREADED FLANGES ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5
Outside Diameter 24 = 1.6 mm | > 24 = 3.2 mm
Inside Diameter Within Limits on Boring Gau
Diameter of Contact Face 1.6 mm Raised Face = 0.8 mm 6.35 mm Raised Face, Tongue & Groove / Male-Female = 0.4 mm Outside Diameter of Hub 12 = + 2.4 mm / - 1.6 mm | 14 = 3.2 mm Thickness 18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0 | 20 = + 4.8 mm / - 0
Drilling Bolt Circle = 1.6 mm | Bolt Ho Eccentricity of Bolt Circle wi 2 = 0.8 mm max. | 3 = 1.6 Diameter of Counterbore Same as forInside Diameter

Welding Neck Flange | Slip On Flange | Socket Weld Flange | Lap Joint Flange | Threaded
Flange | Blind Flange
Dimensions Blind flanges and Stud bolts according to ASME B16.5
Pressure Class Diameter - D Height - B Diameter - G Diameter - K Bolt Holes
150 90 9.6 11.2 35.1 60.3 4
300 95 12.7 14.3 35.1 66.7 4
400 95 14.3 20.7 35.1 66.7 4
600 95 14.3 20.7 35.1 66.7 4
900 120 22.3 28.7 35.1 82.6 4
Diameter - L Stud bolt Dia x Length
15.9 1/2" 55
15.9 1/2" 65
15.9 1/2" 75
15.9 1/2" 75
22.2 3/4" 110
Nominal Pipe
DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES OF BLIND FLANGES ACCORDING TO ASME B16.5
Outside Diameter 24 = 1.6 mm | > 24 = 3.2 mm Diameter of Contact Face 1.6 mm Raised Face = 0.8 mm 6.35 mm Raised Face, Tongue & Groove / Male-Female = 0.4 mm Diameter of Counterbore not applicable Thickness 18 = + 3.2 mm / - 0 | 20 = + 4.8 mm / - 0
Inside Diameter not applicable

Welding Neck Flange | Slip On Flange | Socket Weld Flange | Lap Joint Flange | Threaded Flange | Blind Flange Werner Slken 2008 - 2012. All rights reserved. We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them. Albert Einstein | top of page | | sitemap | about | news | jobs | abbreviations | fun | question | conversion | links | copyright | se arch | contact |
DIMENSIONS SPECTACLE BLINDS Pressure Class 150 Pressure Class 300 Pressure Class 600 Pressure Class 900 Pressure Class 1500 Pressure Class 2500 DIMENSIONS OF SPADES AND RING SPACERS Pressure Class 150 up to 2500 Lbs
La Meccanica Padana
estabilished in 1954, is highly specialized in manufacture of components for the petrochemical sector.
Dimensions of Spectacle blinds according to ASME B16.48

for installation between ASME B16.5 flanges
Pressure Class 150 - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24

NPS
Outside A 45 54 64 73 83 102 107 133 159 172 194 219 276 337 406 448 511 546 603
Inside B 16 21 27 42 48 61 73 89 102 114 141 168 219 273 324 356 406 457 508
Centerline C 60 70 80 90 100 120 140 150 175 190 215 240 300 360 430 475 460 580 635
Thickness t 3 3 3 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 9.7 9.7 9.7 12.7 12.7 15.7 19.1 19.1 22.4 25.4 28.4
Web Width W 38 38 38 38 38 51 51 64 64 64 76 76 76 102 102 108 108 114 121
1/2 3/4 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
24
General notes:
714
610
750
31.8
140
Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated. D = Hole size (where required) should be the same as the flange bolt hole. In practice, Wt = Thickness of the web (or tie bar) should be 6 mm minimum, or equal to Spectacle Blinds should be made from a plate or forging specification, approved for
these dimensions have been rounded round off upwards. Thickness (t) if less than 6 mm. use by ASME B31.3, of essentially the same chemical composition as the mating flanges and piping involved.
Depending on a customer specification, some dimensions can be different from what
on this page is defined.
DIMENSIONS OF SPECTACLE BLINDS Pressure Class 150 up to 2500 Lbs
La Meccanica Padana
estabilished in 1954, is highly specialized in manufacture of components for the petrochemical sector.
Dimensions of Spades & Ring spacers acc to ASME B16.48

for installation between ASME B16.5 flanges

NPS
Outside A 45 54 64 73 83 102 107 133 159 172 194 219 276 337 406 448 511 546 603 714 Outside A 51
Inside B 16 21 27 42 48 61 73 89 102 114 141 168 219 273 324 356 406 457 508 610 Inside B 16
Center to End C 126 131 136 145 145 155 170 170 202 202 225 225 267 322 357 378 410 427 455 512 Center to End C 129
Thickness t 3 3 3 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 9.7 9.7 9.7 12.7 12.7 15.7 19.1 19.1 22.4 25.4 28.4 31.8 Thickness t 6.4
Handle Width W 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 38 38 38 38 38 44 44 44 44 51 51 51 Handle Width W 32
1/2 3/4 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

NPS
1/2
3/4 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
64 70 79 92 108 127 146 162 178 213 248 305 359 419 483 536 594 651 772
21 27 42 48 61 73 89 102 114 141 168 219 273 324 356 406 457 508 610 Outside A 51 64 70 79 92 108 127 146 159 191 238
136 139 150 150 158 177 177 205 205 240 240 281 333 363 395 422 450 480 540 Inside B 16 21 27 37 43 55 67 83 96 108 135
6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 9.7 9.7 9.7 12.7 12.7 15.7 15.7 22.4 25.4 28.4 31.8 38.1 41.1 44.5 50.8 Center to End C 129 136 139 150 150 158 177 177 211 211 248
32 32 32 32 32 32 32 38 38 38 38 38 44 44 44 44 51 51 51 Thickness t 6.4 6.4 6.4 9.7 9.7 9.7 12.7 12.7 15.7 15.7 19.1

NPS
1/2 3/4 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
264 318 397 454 489 562 610 679 787 Outside A 60 67 76 86 95 140 162 165 203 244 286 356 432 495 518 572 635 696 835 Outside
162 212 265 315 346 397 448 497 597 Inside B 16 21 27 37 43 55 67 83 108 135 162 212 265 315 346 397 448 497 597 Inside
248 288 352 381 398 435 459 493 547 Pressure Class 900 - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24 Center to End C 134 137 142 151 151 174 186 186 217 259 259 307 370 401 412 440 471 501 571 Pressure Class 1500 - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 24 Center to End
22.4 28.4 35.1 41.1 44.5 50.8 53.8 63.5 73.2 Thickness t 6.4 6.4 6.4 9.7 9.7 12.7 12.7 15.7 19.1 22.4 25.4 35.1 41.1 47.8 53.8 60.5 66.5 73.2 88.9 Thickness
NPS
1/2 3/4 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
NPS
A 1/2 3/4 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24 61 67 76 86 95 140 162 172 206 251 279 349 432 518 575 638 702 752 899 Outside A 67 73 83 102 114 143 165 194 232 276
B 16 21 27 35 41 53 63 78 102 128 154 203 255 303 333 381 429 478 575 Inside B 16 21 27 35 41 53 63 78 102 128
C 135 137 142 151 151 174 190 190 219 256 256 303 370 412 442 472 504 530 603 Pressure Class 2500 - NPS 1/2 up to NPS 12 Center to End C 137 140 145 161 161 175 201 201 232 273
t 6.4 9.7 9.7 9.7 12.7 12.7 15.7 19.1 22.4 28.4 35.1 41.1 50.8 60.5 66.5 76.2 85.9 95.3 111.3 Thickness t 9.7 9.7 9.7 12.7 15.7 15.7 19.1 22.4 28.4 35.1
NPS
1/2 3/4 1 1 1 2 2 3 4 5
6 8 10 12
General notes:
314 384 473 546
154 198 248 289
273 321 390 427
41.1 53.8 66.5 79.2
Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated. Spade Handles shall be solid with no openings.
Remark(s) of the author...
Further General notes:
Ring Spacer Handles shall have a single through indicator hole located near the end of Wt = Thickness of the handle should be 6 mm minimum, or equal to Thickness (t) if Spades and Ring Spacers should be made from a plate or forging specification,
the handle. The hole diameter shall not be less than 12 mm. less than 6 mm. approved for use by ASME B31.3, of essentially the same chemical composition as the mating flanges and piping involved.
Depending on a customer specification, some dimensions can be different from what
on this page is defined.

Dimensions of Welding Neck and Blind flanges acc to ASME B16.47 series A
Pressure Class 150 - NPS 26 up to NPS 60
NPS 26
OD 660.4 OD
D 870 D
B
(WNF)
B
(BLF)
H 119 120.6 H
A 676 A
G 749 G
K 806.4 K
L 34.9 L
66.7 68.3 B
(WNF)
66.7 68.3 B
(BLF)
| NPS
26
| 28 | 30 | 32 | 34 | 36 | 38 | 40 | 42 | 44 | 46 | 48 | 50 | 52 | 54 | 56 |
58
| NPS 60 |
IMPORTANT Information !
Pressure Class
150
| Pressure Class 300 | Pressure Class 400 | Pressure Class 600 | Pressure Class 900
General notes:
Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated. For dimensions "B" and "H", see important information on the top right of the image. ASME B16.47 Series A flanges ( NPS 26) are MSS SP-44 flanges.
ASME has incorporated the MSS-SP44 specification into B16.47 Series A and the API 605 Specification into B16.47 series B. These specification include only Welding Neck and Blind Flanges.
The length of the stud bolt does not include the height of the chamfers (points). Dimensions for Pressure Classes 400, 600 and 900 NPS 38 and larger for Series B
flanges are the same as for the Series A flanges. Indications:
OD = Diameter at Weld Bevel D = Overall Diameter of Flange B (WNF) = Minimum Thickness of Welding Neck Flange
B (BLF) = Minimum Thickness of Blind Flange H = Length thru Hub A = Diameter at Base of Hub G = Outside Diameter of Raised Face K = Bolt Circle Diameter L = Diameter of Bolt Holes
Dimensions of Welding Neck and Blind flanges acc to ASME B16.47 series B
Pressure Class 150 - NPS 26 up to NPS 60
NPS 26
OD 661.9 OD
D 785 D
B
(WNF)
B
(BLF)
H 87 88.6 H
A 684 A
G 711 G
K 744.5 K
39.8 41.4 B
(WNF)
43 44.6 B
(BLF)
22.2 L
| NPS
26
| 28 | 30 | 32 | 34 | 36 | 38 | 40 | 42 | 44 | 46 | 48 | 50 | 52 | 54 | 56 |
58
| NPS 60 | IMPORTANT Information !
Pressure Class
150
| Pressure Class 300 | Pressure Class 400 | Pressure Class 600 | Pressure Class 900
General notes:
Dimensions are in millimeters unless otherwise indicated. For dimensions "B" and "H", see important information on the top right of the image. ASME B16.47 Series A flanges ( NPS 26) are MSS SP-44 flanges.
ASME has incorporated the MSS-SP44 specification into B16.47 Series A and the API 605 Specification into B16.47 series B. These specification include only Welding Neck and Blind Flanges.
The length of the stud bolt does not include the height of the chamfers (points). Dimensions for Pressure Classes 400, 600 and 900 NPS 38 and larger for Series B
flanges are the same as for the Series A flanges. Indications:
OD = Diameter at Weld Bevel D = Overall Diameter of Flange B (WNF) = Minimum Thickness of Welding Neck Flange B (BLF) = Minimum Thickness of Blind Flange
H = Length thru Hub A = Diameter at Base of Hub G = Outside Diameter of Raised Face K = Bolt Circle Diameter L = Diameter of Bolt Holes
Dimensions of Orifice Welding Neck flanges - RTJ type - 600 LBS - according to ASME B16.36
OUT
MIN THK FLG
NPS 1 2 3 4 6
SIDE DIA
HEIGHT FLG
GROOVE NO
PITCH DIA
GROOVE DEPTH
GROOVE WIDTH
RADIUS BOTTOM
HEIGHT OVAL RING
HUB DIA
HUB DIA
DIA OF TAPPING
BO
CIR
O 125 165 210 275 355 1 1/2 155 2 1/2 190
T 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6 38.1 47.7
H 81 84 84 87 87 102 117 R16 R20 R23 R26 R31 R37 R45
P 50.80 68.27 82.55 101.60 123.83 149.23 211.12
E 6.35 6.35 7.92 7.92 7.92 7.92 7.92
F 8.74 8.74 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91
R 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
W 25.4 25.4 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0
X 54 70 84 100 117
A 33.5 48.3 60.3 73.0 88.9
Tg 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 9.5 12.7 12.7
88
11
12
14
16
152 114.3 222 168.3
21
29
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
420 510 560 605 685 745 815
55.6 63.5 66.7 69.9 76.2 82.6 88.9
133 152 156 165 178 184 190 203
R49 R53 R57 R61 R65 R69 R73 R77
269.88 323.85 381.00 419.10 469.90 533.40 584.20 692.15
7.92 7.92 7.92 7.92 7.92 7.92 9.53 11.13
11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 13.49 16.66
0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.5
27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 30.2 30.2 31.8 36.5
273 219.1 343 273.0 400 323.8 432 355.6 495 406.4 546 457.2 610 508.0 718 609.6
12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7
34
43
48
52
60
65
72
940 101.6
83
GENERAL NOTES:

NOTES:
Dimensions are in millimeters, except for bolts and bolt holes. Weld neck flanges NPS 3 and smaller are identical to Class 300 flanges except for All other dimensions are in accordance with ASME B16.5. Ring joint flange in NPS 24 will require an angular meter tap. Other NPT sizes may be furnished if required. The length of the stud bolt does not include the height of the chamfers (points). Bolt lengths for raised face flanges include allowance for orifice and gasket thickness
bolting and may be used for such service.
of 6 mm (0.25 in.) for NPS 1 to NPS 12 and 10 mm (0.38 in.) for NPS 14 to NPS 24. Bolt lengths for ring-type joint flanges include allowance of 15 mm (0.62 in.) for NPS 1 to NPS 10, 19 mm (0.75 in.) for NPS 12 to NPS 18, and 22 mm (0.88 in.) for NPS 20.
Bore (B) is to be specified by the purchaser.
TOLERANCES Tolerances on all dimensions shall be as shown in ASME B16.5 except for those shown below. Pressure Tap Location Tolerance on location of center of pressure tap hole from flange face shall be:
0.5 mm (0.02 in.) for flanges smaller than NPS 4 0.8 mm (0.03 in.) for flanges NPS 4 and larger Bore diameter tolerance (welding neck flanges only) is 0.5% of nominal value.
Bore Diameter Other pressure classes: | 900 Lbs | 1500 Lbs | 2500 Lbs
OUT
MIN THK FLG
NPS 1 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
SIDE DIA
HEIGHT FLG
GROOVE NO
PITCH DIA
GROOVE DEPTH
GROOVE WIDTH
RADIUS BOTTOM
HEIGHT OVAL RING
HUB DIA
HUB DIA
DIA OF TAPPING
CI
O 125 155 165 190 240 290 380 470 545 610 640 705 785 855
T 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.6 38.1 44.5 55.6 63.5 69.9 79.4 85.8 88.9 101.6 108.0
H 81 84 84 87 102 114 140 162 184 200 213 216 229 248 292 R16 R20 R23 R26 R31 R37 R45 R49 R53 R57 R62 R66 R70 R74 R78
P 50.80 68.27 82.55 101.60 123.83 149.23 211.12 269.88 323.85 381.00 419.10 469.90 533.40 584.20 692.15
E 6.35 6.35 7.92 7.92 7.92 7.92 7.92 7.92 7.92 7.92 11.13 11.13 12.70 12.70 15.88
F 8.74 8.74 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 16.66 16.66 19.84 19.84 26.97
R 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.4
W 25.4 25.4 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 33.3 36.5 39.7 39.7 47.6
X 54 70 84
A 33.5 48.3 60.3
Tg 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 9.5 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7
11
12
100 73.0 127 88.9 159 114.3 235 168.3 298 219.1 368 273.0 419 323.8 451 355.6 508 406.4 565 457.2 622 508.0 749 609.6
14
19
23
31
39
46
53
55
61
68
74
1040 139.7
90
GENERAL NOTES:

NOTES:
Dimensions are in millimeters, except for bolts and bolt holes. All other dimensions are in accordance with ASME B16.5. Ring joint flanges larger than NPS 12 will require angular meter taps. Other NPT sizes may be furnished if required. The length of the stud bolt does not include the height of the chamfers (points). Bolt lengths for raised face flanges include allowance for orifice and gasket thickness
of 6 mm (0.25 in.) for NPS 3 to NPS 12 and 10 mm (0.38 in.) for NPS 14 to NPS 24. Bolt lengths for ring-type joint flanges include allowance of 15 mm (0.62 in.) for NPS 3 to NPS 10 and 19 mm (0.75 in.) for NPS 12.
OUT
MIN THK FLG
NPS 1 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24
SIDE DIA
HEIGHT FLG
GROOVE NO
PITCH DIA
GROOVE DEPTH
GROOVE WIDTH
RADIUS BOTTOM
HEIGHT OVAL RING
HUB DIA
HUB DIA
DIA OF TAPPING
CIR
O 150 180 215 245 265 310 395 485 585 675 750 825 915 985
T 38.1 38.1 38.1 41.3 47.7 54.0 82.6 92.1 108.0 123.9 133.4 146.1 162.0 177.8
H 83 89 102 105 117 124 171 213 254 283 298 311 327 356 406 R16 R20 R24 R27 R35 R39 R46 R50 R54 R58 R63 R67 R71 R75 R79
P 50.80 68.27 95.25 107.95 136.53 161.93 211.14 269.88 323.85 381.00 419.10 469.90 533.40 584.20 692.15
E 6.35 6.35 7.92 7.92 7.92 7.92 9.52 11.13 11.13 14.27 15.88 17.48 17.48 17.48 20.62
F 8.74 8.74 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 13.49 16.66 16.66 23.01 26.97 30.18 30.18 33.32 36.53
R 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4
W 25.4 25.4 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 28.6 33.3 33.3 39.7 44.4 50.8 50.8 54.0 58.7
X 52 70
A 33.5 48.3
Tg 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 9.5 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7
10
12
105 60.3 124 73.0 133 88.9 162 114.3 229 168.3 292 219.1 368 273.0 451 323.8 495 355.6 552 406.4 597 457.2 641 508.0 762 609.6
16
19
20
24
31
39
48
57
63
70
77
83
1170 203.2
99
GENERAL NOTES:
Dimensions are in millimeters, except for bolts and bolt holes. All other dimensions are in accordance with ASME B16.5.

NOTES:
Ring joint flanges larger than NPS 6 will require angular meter taps. Other NPT sizes may be furnished if required. The length of the stud bolt does not include the height of the chamfers (points). Bolt lengths for raised face flanges include allowance for orifice and gasket thickness
of 6 mm (0.25 in.) for NPS 1 to NPS 12 and 10 mm (0.38 in.) for NPS 14 to NPS 24. Bolt lengths for ring-type joint flanges include allowance of 15 mm (0.62 in.) for NPS 1 to NPS 6.
NPS 1 2 3 4 6 8 10 12
OUT SIDE DIA
MIN THK FLG
HEIGHT FLG
GROOVE NO
PITCH DIA
GROOVE DEPTH
GROOVE WIDTH
RADIUS BOTTOM
HEIGHT OVAL RING
HUB DIA
HUB DIA
DIA OF TAPPING
BO CIR
O 160 235 305 355 1 1/2 205 2 1/2 265
T 38.1 44.5 50.8 57.2 66.7 76.2
H 92 111 127 143 168 190 273 318 419 464 R18 R23 R26 R28 R32 R38 R47 R51 R55 R60
P 60.33 82.55 101.60 111.13 127.00 157.18 228.60 279.40 342.90 406.40
E 6.35 7.92 7.92 9.53 9.53 11.13 12.70 14.27 17.48 17.48
F 8.74 11.91 11.91 13.49 13.49 16.66 19.84 23.01 30.18 33.32
R 0.8 0.8 0.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.4 2.4
W 25.4 27.0 27.0 30.2 30.2 33.3 36.5 39.7 47.6 50.8
X 57 79 95 114 133
A 33.5 48.3 60.3 73.0 88.9
Tg 6.4 6.4 6.4 6.4 9.5 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7
10
14
17
19
22
165 114.3 235 168.3 305 219.1 375 273.0 441 323.8
27
485 108.0 550 127.0 675 165.1 760 184.2
36
43
53
61
GENERAL NOTES:

NOTES:
Dimensions are in millimeters, except for bolts and bolt holes. All other dimensions are in accordance with ASME B16.5. Ring joint flanges larger than NPS 3 will require angular meter taps. Other NPT sizes may be furnished if required. The length of the stud bolt does not include the height of the chamfers (points). Bolt lengths for raised face flanges include allowance for orifice and gasket thickness
of 6 mm (0.25 in.) for NPS 1 to NPS 12. Bolt lengths for ring-type joint flanges include allowance of 15 mm (0.62 in.) for NPS 1 to NPS 3.

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Definition and details of flanges

MATERIALS FOR FLANGES

BOLTED FLANGE CONNECTIONS

FLANGED CONNECTIONS VERSUS WELDED CONNECTIONS

100 percent leak proof).

Of course, flange connections have great benefits; some examples:

Definition and details of flanges - Pressure class PRESSURE CLASS

150Lbs - 300Lbs - 400Lbs - 600Lbs - 900Lbs - 1500Lbs - 2500 Lbs

ASTM Group 2-1.1 Materials

Nominal Forg Designation

16Cr-12Ni- A182 2Mo Gr.F

C-Mn-Si C-Mn-Si-V 3Ni

A350 Gr.LF2(1) A350 Gr.LF6 Cl 1(3) A350 Gr.LF3

A516 Gr.70(1),(2) A537 Cl.1(4) -

18Cr-13Ni- A182 3Mo Gr.F 18Cr-8Ni

Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM Group 2-1.1 Materials

Pressure-Temperature Ratings for ASTM Group 2-2.3 Materials

Definition and details of flanges - Types of flanges FLANGE TYPES

WELDING NECK FLANGE

Socket Weld FLANGE

Lap Joint FLANGE

holes. carbon steel flanges with corrosion resistant pipe.

BOLT HOLE ORIENTATION

All flange bolt holes straddle the centerlines

Definition and details of flanges - Flange Faces -

RAISED FACE (RF)

FLAT FACE (FF)

RING-TYPE JOINT (RTJ)

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF T&G AND M&F FLANGE FACES

THE MOST USED SURFACES ARE

Definition and details of flanges

Definition and details of flanges - Torque Tightening TORQUE TIGHTENING

LUBRICATION REDUCES FRICTION

PREPARATION FLANGE BOLT-UP

(burrs, pits, dents, et cetera). bolts or nuts as necessary.

Check flange alignment according to ASME B31.3 Process Piping:

Definition and details of flanges - Bolt Tensioning BOLT TENSIONING

Less than 100% Tensioning

Set-up using a 50% tensioning procedure

PREPARATION FLANGE BOLT-UP

(burrs, pits, dents, et cetera). bolts or nuts as necessary.

Definition and details of flanges - Materials ASTM GRADES

Grade F304L (A) 0.035 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 8 - 13 18 - 20 -

Grade F316L (A) 0.035 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 10 - 15 16 - 18 2.00-3.00

0.08 2.00 0.045 0.030 1.00 8 - 11 18 - 20 -

A106 Gr A A106 Gr B A106 Gr C

A234 Gr WPA A234 Gr WPB A234 Gr WPC

A105 A105 A105

A216 Gr WCB A216 Gr WCB A216 Gr WCB

Carbon Steel Alloy High-Temp

A335 Gr P1 A335 Gr P11 A335 Gr P12 A335 Gr P22 A335 Gr P5 A335 Gr P9

A182 Gr F1 A182 Gr F11 A182 Gr F12 A182 Gr F22 A182 Gr F5 A182 Gr F9

Carbon Steel Alloy Low-Temp

A420 Gr WPL6 A420 Gr WPL3

A350 Gr LF2 A350 Gr LF3

A352 Gr LCB A352 Gr LC3

Austenitic Stainless Steel

A312 Gr TP304 A312 Gr TP316 A312 Gr TP321

A403 Gr WP304 A403 Gr WP316 A403 Gr WP321

A182 Gr F304 A182 Gr F316 A182 Gr F321

A182 Gr F304 A182 Gr F316 A182 Gr F321

MATERIALS ACCORDING TO ASTM