M.

KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF EEE

II YEAR/IV SEMESTER EE2257 CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

LAB MANUAL

PREPARED BY Ms.K.MARULIYA BEGAM, Mr.M.RAMESH, Ms.K.UMA MAHESWARI,

LECT/EEE

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KARUR. DEPARTMENT OF EEE II EEE / IV SEM EE 2257 CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS: 1. DETERMINATION OF TRANSFER FUNCTION OF DC SERVO MOTOR 2. DETERMINATION OF TRANSFER FUNCTION OF AC SERVO MOTOR

3. ANALOG SIMULATION OF TYPE-0 AND TYPE-1 SYSTEM 4. DETERMINATION OF TRANSFER FUNCTION OF DC GENERATOR

5. DETERMINATION OF TRANSFER FUNCTION OF A) ARMATURE CONTROLLED DC MOTOR B) FIELD CONTROLLED DC MOTOR 6. STABILITY ANALYSIS OF LINEAR SYSTEM 7. DC AND AC POSITION CONTROL SYSTEMS

8. STEPPER MOTOR CONTROL SYSTEM 9. DIGITAL SIMULATION OF FIRST ORDER SYSTEM

10. DIGITAL SIMULATION OF SECOND ORDER SYSTEM

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

TRANSFER FUNCTION OF AC SERVO MOTOR

AIM : To derive the transfer function of AC Servo motor. APPARATUS REQUIRED : 1.AC Servomotor trainer kit 2.Multimeter 3.patch cards THEORY : It is an electromechanical device.Which convert electrical signal into angular displacement. An AC servomotor basically a two phase induction motor except for certain special design features.The rotor of the servomotor is built with high resistance ,so that X / R ratio is small whichResult in linear speedtorque characteristics . The stator consists of two pole pairs mounted on the inner pheriphery of the stator,such that Their axes are at an angle of 90o in space.Each pole pairs carries a winding.One winding is calledReference winding and the other is called control winding. The rotor construction is usually squirrel cage .The squirrel cage rotor is made of laminations.The rotor bars are placed on the slots and short circuited at both ends by end rings . The diameter of the rotor is small in order to reduce inertia and to obtain good accelerating characteristics.The Drag cup construction is employed for very low inertia application.In this type Of construction the rotor will be in the form of hollow cylinder made of aluminium.The aluminium cylinder itself act as short circuited rotor conductors. TRANSFER FUNCTION OF AC SERVOMOTOR : Let M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

Tm = Torque developed by servomotor Q = Angular displacement of rotor W = Angular speed Tl = Torque required by the load J = Moment of inertia B = Viscous frictional coefficient K1 = Slope of control phase voltage vs torque characteristic K2 = Slope of speed torque characteristics

Torque developed by motor , Tm = K1ec K2 d / dt .. 1 Load torque, Tl = J d2 / dt + B d / dt. 2 Equating the equation 1 & 2 J d2 / dt + B d / dt = K1ec K2 d / dt . 3 On taking laplace transform of above equation,we get Js2 (s) + Bs (s) = K1Ec(s) K2s (s) ( Js2+ Bs+K2 ) (s) = K1Ec(s) (s) = Ec(s) K1 s( Js+ B+K2s )

(s) K1 / (B+K2 ) = Ec(s) s( J S/B+K2 + 1) (s) Km = Ec(s) s( ms + 1) Where , Km = K1 / B+K2 = Motor gain constant m = J / B+K2 = Motor time constant PROCEDURE : 1.Connections are made asper the circuit diagram. M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

2.Determination of K1 (a) Connect G1 K1 of pulse isolation output to G1 K1 OF SCR1. (b) Connect G2 K2 of pulse isolation output to G2 K2 OF SCR2 (c) Connect the power card to the backside of trainer kit (d) Motor pin is connected to the trainer kit (e) Switch on the supply (f) Measured the initial speed and add the load gradually. (g) AC voltmeter is connected across the windings (h) Take the following readings Vc,speed and load (i) Plot the graph phase voltage vs torque 3.Determination of K2 (a) Switch on the supply (b) Switch on the pulse S2 (c) Apply phase voltage to control phase using potentiometer. (d) Note down the load value (e) Plot the graph torque vs phase voltage (f) Switch off the power supply. MODEL GRAPH :

TABULAR COLUMN : RADIUS r= Control voltage Vc1= Load(kg) Torque(Nm)

Angular velocity in rad/sec

Speed(rpm)

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

Angular velocity in rad/sec

Speed(rpm)

Control voltage Vc2= Load(kg) Torque(Nm)

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

RESULT : Thus the transfer function of AC Servomotor is obtained .

TRNSFER FUNCTION OF SELF EXITED DC GENERATOR

AIM To derive the transfer function of self exited DC Generator. APPARATUS REQUIRED : S.no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Name of the apparatus Rheostat Rheostat Voltmeter Voltmeter Ammeter Ammeter Tachometer Connecting wires 1 auto transformer 1 Resistive Load Range 290 ,2A 360 ,1.4A (0-300)v (0-300)v (0-10)A (0-2)A (0-230)/270v Type mc mI mI mc Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 few 1 1

THEORY : Generator is an electrical machine which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy .Depending upon the field winding excitation,it can be classified into two types. i) Self Exited Generator ii) Separately Exited Generator The field windings are energized from generator itself is called self exited generator.Here M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY 7

Our aim is determine the transfer function of self exited generator. Let Vf = Field input voltage If = Field current Rf = Field Resistance Lf = Field Inductance Eg = Generated emf in the armature P = no of poles N = Speed in rpm = Flux in web Kg = Generator constant

Applying kvl for field equivalent circuit Vf = If Rf+Lfdi / dt 1 The generator output voltage is given by Eg = p zn / 60*A From above equvation generator voltage is directly proportional to the flux. Eg , If , Eg = KgIf 2 Taking laplace transform of equ 1 & 2 Vf (s) = If (s) Rf+s If Lf(s) 3 Eg(s) = KgIf(s) . 4 If(s) = Eg(s) / Kg .. 5 Equation 5 values substitute in equ 3 Vf (s) = (Eg(s) / Kg) Rf+ (Eg(s) / Kg) sLf Vf (s) = (Eg(s) / Kg) (Rf+ sLf ) Eg(s) Kg = Vf (s) (Rf+ sLf ) FORMULA USED (1) Field impedence Zf = Vf / If (2) Field inductance Xf = Zf2 Rf2 (3) Lf = Xf / 2 f (4) Tf = Lf / Rf (5) Kg = Eg / If

PROCEDURE : 1.The connection are made asper the circuit diagram. M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY 8

2.Switch on the main supply 3.Motor is started by using 3 point starter 4.To vary the motor field rheostat and set the rated speed 5.To vary the Generator field rheostat . 6.Note the various readings and enter into the tabular column 7.Switch off the supply 8.Disconnect the circuit and return the compnonents

TABULAR COLUMN : (1) To find Kg : S.No Generated voltage (Eg) Field current ( If)

( II ) To find Rf : S.no Field current ( If) Field voltage (Vf) Field Resistance ( Rf)

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(I11) To find Zf : S.no Field current ( If) Field voltage (Vf) Field Impedence ( Zf)

MODEL GRAPH :

MODEL CALCULATION:

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

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RESULT : Thus the transfer function of self exited DC generator is obtained .

TRANSFER FUNCTION OF SEPARATELY EXITED DC GENERATOR

AIM : To derive the transfer function of separately exited DC Generator. APPARATUS REQUIRED : S.no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Name of the apparatus Rheostat Rheostat Voltmeter Voltmeter Ammeter Ammeter Tachometer Connecting wires 1 auto transformer 1 Resistive Load Range 290 ,2A 360 ,1.4A (0-300)v (0-300)v (0-10)A (0-2)A (0-230)/270v Type mc mI mI mc Quantity 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Few 1 1

THEORY : Generator is an electrical machine which convert mechanical energy into electrical energy .Depending upon the field winding excitation,it can be classified into two types. iii) Self Exited Generator M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY 11

iv) Separately Exited Generator The field windings are energized from Eeternal DC source is called separately exited generator.Here Our aim is determine the transfer function of self exited generator. Let Vf = Field input voltage If = Field current Rf = Field Resistance Lf = Field Inductance Eg = Generated emf in the armature P = no of poles N = Speed in rpm = Flux in web Kg = Generator constant Applying kvl for field equivalent circuit Vf = If Rf+Lfdi / dt 1 The generator output voltage is given by Eg = p zn / 60*A From above equvation generator voltage is directly proportional to the flux. Eg , If , Eg = KgIf 2 Taking laplace transform of equ 1 & 2 Vf (s) = If (s) Rf+s If Lf(s) 3 Eg(s) = KgIf(s) . 4 If(s) = Eg(s) / Kg .. 5 Equation 5 values substitute in equ 3 Vf (s) = (Eg(s) / Kg) Rf+ (Eg(s) / Kg) sLf Vf (s) = (Eg(s) / Kg) (Rf+ sLf ) Eg(s) Kg = Vf (s) (Rf+ sLf )

FORMULA USED (1) Field impedence Zf = Vf / If (2) Field inductance Xf = Zf2 Rf2 (3) Lf = Xf / 2 f (4) Tf = Lf / Rf (5) Kg = Eg / If M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

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PROCEDURE : 1.The connection are made asper the circuit diagram. 2.Switch on the main supply 3.Motor is started by using 3 point starter 4.To vary the motor field rheostat and set the rated speed 5.To vary the Generator field rheostat . 6.Note the various readings and enter into the tabular column 7.Switch off the supply 8.Disconnect the circuit and return the compnonents

TABULAR COLUMN : (1) To find Kg : S.No Generated voltage (Eg)

Field current ( If)

( II ) To find Rf :

S.no

Field current ( If)

Field voltage (Vf)

Field Resistance ( Rf)

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(I11) To find Zf : S.no Field current ( If) Field voltage (Vf) Field Impedence ( Zf)

MODEL GRAPH :

MODEL CALCULATION

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

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RESULT : Thus the transfer function of separately exited DC generator is obtained . TRANSFER FUNCTION OF ARMATURE CONTROLLED DC MOTOR AIM : To derive the transfer function of armature controlled DC motor. APPARATUS REQUIRED : S.no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Name of the apparatus Rheostat Rheostat Voltmeter Voltmeter Ammeter Ammeter Tachometer Connecting wires 1 auto transformer 1 Resistive Load Range 50 ,5A 360 ,1.4A (0-300)v (0-75)v (0-10)A (0-2)A (0-230)/270v Type mc mc mc mc Quantity 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 few 1 1

THEORY : In armature controlled DC motor,the desired speed is obtained by varying armature M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY 15

Voltage and keeping field current is constant. We know that Eb = p zn / 60*A From above equation DC motor speed is directly propotional to the armature voltage. Let Ra = Armature Resistance La = Armature Inductance Eb = Back emf Ia = Armature current T = Torque developed in the motor J = Momemt of inertia B = Dashpot = Angular Displacement Kt = Torque constant Kb = Back emf constant

From equivalent circuit Differential equation of equivalent circuit can be written as ia +La dia/dt + eb = Va .. 1 Differential equation of mechanical system can be written as J d2 /dt2 + B d / dt = T.. 2 Torque is directly propotional to the armature current T Ia , T Ia T = Kt Ia. 3 Motor back emf is directly propotional to the speed ( Angular velocity ) Eb = Kb d / dt .. 4 Taking laplace transform froom equ 1 , 2 & 3 RaIa(s) + LsIa(s) + Eb(s) = Va(s) . 5 Js2 (s) + Bs (s) = T ( s) 6 T(s) = KtsIa(s). 7 Eb(s) = Kbs (s)... 8 Equvating equvation 6 & 7 KtsIa(s) = Js2 (s) + Bs (s) Ia(s) = Js2 (s) + Bs (s) / Kts . 9 Equation 9 & 8 values substitute in equ 5 ( Ra + Ls)Ia(s) + Eb(s) = Va(s) ( Ra + Ls) Js2 (s) + Bs (s) / Kts + Kbs (s) = Va(s) M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

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 (s )[( Ra + Ls) Js2) + Bs + Kbs ] / Kts = Va(s) (s ) Kt s = 2 Va(s) [( Ra + Ls) Js ) + (B + Kb) s ] Retardation Test ( To find moment of inertia ) Retardation test is used to find the moment of inertia ( j ). The motor is made to run at rated speed. Interchange the position 1 to 2 and 1i to 2i Measure the speed ,voltage ,current & time

PROCEDURE : 1.The connection are made asper the circuit diagram. 2.Switch on the main supply 3.Motor is started by using 3 point starter 4.To vary the motor field rheostat and set the rated speed 5.To vary the armature field rheostat by keeping field is constant 6.Note the various readings and enter into the tabular column 7.Switch off the supply 8.Disconnect the circuit and return the compnonents

TABULAR COLUMN : ( I ) To find Kb S.no Armature current ( Ia) Armature voltage ( Va) Speed ( N ) =2 N/60 Eb =Va - IaRa

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( I I ) To find moment of inertia ( j ) :

S.no

N1
(Rpm)

N2
(Rpm)

I1
( A)

I2
( A)

T1
(Sec)

T2
(Sec)

V1
( volts)

V2
( volts)

( III ) To find Ra : S.no Armature current ( Ia) Armature voltage ( Va) Armature Resistance ( Ra)

(IV) To find Zf : S.no Armature current ( Ia) Armature voltage ( Va) Armature Impedence ( Za)

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

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MODEL GRAPH :

MODEL CALCULATION :

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

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RESULT : Thus the transfer function of armature controlled DC motor is obtained .

TRANSFER FUNCTION OF FIELD CONTROLLED DC MOTOR

AIM : To derive the transfer function of field controlled DC motor. APPARATUS REQUIRED : S.no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Name of the apparatus Rheostat Rheostat Voltmeter Voltmeter Ammeter Ammeter Tachometer Connecting wires 1 auto transformer 1 Resistive Load Range 50 ,5A 360 ,1.4A (0-300)v (0-75)v (0-10)A (0-2)A (0-230)/270v Type mc mc mc mc Quantity 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 few 1 1

THEORY : M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY 20

In Field controlled DC motor,the desired speed is obtained by varying field current and keeping armature is constant. We know that Eb = p zn / 60*A From above equation DC motor speed is inversly propotional to the field current. Let Rf = Armature Resistance Lf = Armature Inductance Ra = Armature Resistance La = Armature Inductance Ia = Armature current T = Torque developed in the motor J = Momemt of inertia B = Dashpot = Angular Displacement Kt = Torque constant Kb = Back emf constant

From equivalent circuit Differential equation of equivalent circuit can be written as ia +La dia/dt + = Vf .. 1 Differential equation of mechanical system can be written as J d2 /dt2 + B d / dt = T.. 2 Torque is directly propotional to the armature current T Ia , T Ia T = Kt Ia. 3 Taking laplace transform froom equ 1 , 2 & 3 RaIa(s) + LsIa(s) = Va(s) . 4 Js2 (s) + Bs (s) = T ( s) 5 T(s) = KtsIa(s). 6 Equvating equvation 6 & 7 KtsIa(s) = Js2 (s) + Bs (s) Ia(s) = Js2 (s) + Bs (s) / Kts . 7 Equation 7 values substitute in equ 4 ( Ra + Ls)Ia(s) + Eb(s) = Va(s) ( Ra + Ls) Js2 (s) + Bs (s) / Kts) = Va(s) (s )[( Ra + Ls) Js2) + Bs ] / Kts = Va(s) M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

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 (s ) = Va(s)

Kt s [( Ra + Ls) Js2) + (Bs ]

Retardation Test ( To find moment of inertia ) Retardation test is used to find the moment of inertia ( j ). The motor is made to run at rated speed. Interchange the position 1 to 2 and 1i to 2i Measure the speed ,voltage ,current & time PROCEDURE : 1.The connection are made asper the circuit diagram. 2.Switch on the main supply 3.Motor is started by using 3 point starter 4.To vary the motor field rheostat and set the rated speed 5.To vary the field rheostat by keeping armature is constant 6.Note the various readings and enter into the tabular column 7.Switch off the supply 8.Disconnect the circuit and return the compnonents TABULAR COLUMN : ( I ) To find Kb S.no Armature current ( Ia) Armature voltage ( Va) Speed ( N ) =2 N/60 Eb =Va - IaRa

( II ) To find Ra : S.no Armature current ( Ia) Armature voltage ( Va) Armature Resistance ( Ra) 22

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

(III) To find Za : S.no Armature current ( Ia) Armature voltage ( Va) Armature Impedence ( Za)

MODEL GRAPH :

MODEL CALCULATION :

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

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RESULT : Thus the transfer function of Field controlled DC motor is obtained.

STABILITY ANALYSIS OF LINEAR SYSTEM

AIM: To analyze the stability of linear system using Root locus. APPARATUS REQUIRED: 1. Computer system with MATLAB software 2. Power supply THEORY: MATLAB is software package for high performance numerical computation and visualization .It provides an interacting environment with hundred of built in fun for technical Computation, graphics and animation. The name MATLAB stands for matrix laboratory. The user can write their own function in the MATLAB language. M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY 24

MATLAB is a matrix-based system for mathematical and engineering calculation. Each variable is treated as a matrix which the only data type handled by it. The graphical output can be obtained by running different set of routines. MATLAB can be used as an application development because of graphical user interface tools. The typical are in the field of mathematics and computation development of algoritm, modeling simulation and its prototyping, data analysis, scientific and engineering problems, application development tools. Several toolboxes are also available from the different Manufacture. Tool box is a group of MATLAB function which are predefined that can be used for Obtaining solution in the different applications, control systems, neural network, fuzzy logic and Digital signal processing.

PROGRAM : num = [ 0 0 0 0 1 ]; den = [ 1 1.1 10.3 5 0 ]; rlocus = (num,den) grid PROCEDURE : 1.Switch on the main supply 2.Open the MATLAB command window 3.Create a new M file .The file that is containing MATLAB language codes are called M file. 4.Type the program and check the error. 5.After saving the program ,debug and run to see the output .6.Verify the output waveform obtained through MATLAB with theoretical output 7.Shutdown the computer 8.Switch off the supply

OUTPUT WAVEFORM :

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

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RESULT: Thus the Stability analysis of linear system using MATLAB was studied.

DC & AC POSITION CONTROL SYSTEM

AIM: To study the characteristics of synchros as error detector. APPARATUS REQUIRED: DC Servoposition kit Synchro transmitter and receiver 1set. Patch cards As required. Multimeter 1. PROCEDURE: To obtain the characteristics of synchro transmitter. 1. The main supply to the system is connected with the help of cable provided.

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

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2. The main supply to the unit is switched ON & supply to the transmitter is also switched ON. The magnitude of the AC voltage supplied to the rotor is fixed as 40v. 3. The magnitude of the AC voltage between each of the stator terminal Vs1s2,Vs2s3 & Vs3s1 are measured and tabulated for different rotor positions at equal intervals. 4. The graph, angular position Vs rotor voltages for all the three phases are plotted. To obtain the input-output characteristics of Synchro Transmitter & Reveiver Pair: 1. The terminals of transmitter s1,s2 & s3 are connected to s1,s2 & s3 of receiver using patch cards respectively. 2. The main supply is switched ON. 3. The rotor supply of both transmitter and receiver are also switched ON. 4. The rotor of receiver is tightly held at 0 degree. 5. The rotor position of synchro transmitter(pointer) is moved in steps of 10 degree and the new rotot position of receiver is observed. 6. The output voltage is also observed and t varies sinusoidally with angular error. 7. The plot input angular position in degrees is plotted.

MODEL GRAPH:

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

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RESULT: Thus the characteristics of Synchro as Ac position control systems were studied.

DIGITAL SIMULATIUON OF OF IST ORDER SYSTEM

AIM : To digitally simulate the time response characteristics of first order system for different inputs using MATLAB. APPARATUS REQUIRED : 1.Computer system with MATLAB software 2.Power supply THEORY :

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

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MATLAB is software package for high performance numerical computation and visualization .It provides an interacting environment with hundred of built in fun for technical Computation, graphics and animation. The name MATLAB stands for matrix laboratory. The user Can write their own function in the MATLAB language. MATLAB is a matrix-based system for mathematical and engineering calculation. Each variable is treated as a matrix which the only data type handled by it. The graphical output can be obtained by running different set of routines. MATLAB can be used as an application development because of graphical user interface tools. The typical are in the field of mathematics and computation development of algoritm, modeling simulation and its prototyping, data analysis, scientific and engineering problems, application development tools. Several toolboxes are also available from the different Manufacture. Tool box is a group of MATLAB function which are predefined that can be used for Obtaining solution in the different applications, control systems, neural network, fuzzy logic and Digital signal processing. PROGRAM : ( i ) Step response of first order system num = [ 0 1 ]; den = [ 1 1 ]; step (num,den ); grid

PROCEDURE : 1.Switch on the main supply 2.Open the MATLAB command window 3.Create a new M file .The file that is containing MATLAB language codes are called M file. 4.Type the program and check the error. 5.After saving the program ,debug and run to see the output .6.Verify the output waveform obtained through MATLAB with theoretical output 7.Shutdown the computer 8.Switch off the supply

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

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OUTPUT WAVEFORM :

RESULT : Thus the unit step response of a first order system using MATLAB were studied and its curves were plotted.

DIGITAL SIMLATION OF II ORDER SYSTEM

AIM : To digitally simulate the time response characteristics of second order system for different inputs using MATLAB APPARATUS REQUIRED : 1.Computer system with MATLAB software 2.Power supply THEORY : M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY 30

MATLAB is software package for high performance numerical computation and visualization .It provides an interacting environment with hundred of built in fun for technical Computation, graphics and animation. The name MATLAB stands for matrix laboratory. The user Can write their own function in the MATLAB language. MATLAB is a matrix-based system for mathematical and engineering calculation. Each variable is treated as a matrix which the only data type handled by it. The graphical output can be obtained by running different set of routines. MATLAB can be used as an application development because of graphical user interface tools. The typical are in the field of mathematics and computation development of algoritm, modeling simulation and its prototyping, data analysis, scientific and engineering problems, application development tools. Several toolboxes are also available from the different Manufacture. Tool box is a group of MATLAB function which are predefined that can be used for Obtaining solution in the different applications, control systems, neural network, fuzzy logic and Digital signal processing. PROGRAM : Step response of second order system num = [ 0 0 1 ]; den = [ 1 0.5 1 ]; step ( num,den ); grid

PROCEDURE : 1.Switch on the main supply 2.Open the MATLAB command window 3.Create a new M file .The file that is containing MATLAB language codes are called M file. 4.Type the program and check the error. 5.After saving the program ,debug and run to see the output .6.Verify the output waveform obtained through MATLAB with theoretical output 7.Shutdown the computer 8.Switch off the supply M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

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OUTPUT WAVEFORM :

RESULT : Thus the unit step response of a second order system using MATLAB were studied and its curves were plotted.

M.KUMARASAMY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ******EE2257- CONTROL SYSTEMS LABORATORY

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