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Integrating ADC
The is the basic idea behind the single-slope, referred to as an integrating ADC is as follows: Instead of using a DAC with a ramped output, we use an op-amp circuit configured as an integrator to generate a ramp waveform which is then compared against the analog input by a comparator. The time it takes for the ramp waveform to exceed the input signal voltage level is measured by means of a digital counter clocked with a precise-frequency square wave (usually from a crystal oscillator). The basic schematic diagram is shown here:
Clock
The Dual Slope Integrating ADC charges a capacitor for a fixed amount of time, then discharge while counting output bits
FLASH ADCs - High speed data acquisition systems like high-speed oscilloscopes and some RF test instruments use flash ADCs because of their fast digitizing rate, which now reaches 5 Gsamples/sec for off-the-shelf devices and 100s Gsamples/sec for proprietary designs. - The typical flash converter resolves analog voltages to 8 bits, although sizes are continuing to increase and some flash converters can resolve 10+ bits.
Typical Waveforms
Conversion takes place when input changes by approximately one LSB.