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t of the Indian Armed Forces. With about 1,100,000 soldiers in active service[2] and about 960,000 reserve troops,[2] the Indian Army is the world's second largest standing volunteer army.[1]
[3]
Its primary mission is to ensure the national security and defence of the Republic of India from external
aggression and threats, and maintaining peace and security within its borders. It also conducts humanitarian rescue operations during natural calamities and other disturbances. The President of India serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the Army. The Chief of Army Staff (COAS), a General, is a four star commander and commands the Army. There is typically never more than one serving general at any given time in the Army. Two officers have been conferred the rank of Field Marshal, a 5-star rank and the officer serves as the ceremonial chief. The Indian Army came into being when India gained independence in 1947, and inherited most of the infrastructure of the British Indian Army that were located in post-partition India. It is a voluntary service and although a provision for military conscriptionexists in the Indian constitution, it has never been imposed. Since independence, the Army has been involved in four wars with neighboring Pakistan and one with thePeople's Republic of China. Other major operations undertaken by the Army includeOperation Vijay, Operation Meghdoot and Operation Cactus. Apart from conflicts, the Army has also been an active participant in United Nations peacekeeping missions.
Corps of Engineers
8 April 1948
February 1948
13 October
Regiment
1948
3rd Battalion, 1st Gorkha Captain Gurbachan Singh Rifles (The Malaun Salaria Regiment)
20 October 1962
Ladakh, India
23 October 1962
18 November 1962
Rezang La
10 September 1965
15 October 1965
16 December 1971
17 December 1971
23 June 1987
Major Ramaswamy
25
Sri Lanka
Parmeshwaran
Regiment
November 1987
Khaluber/Juber 3 July 1999 Top, Batalik sector, Kargil area,Jammu and Kashmir
developments
Futuristic Infantry Soldier As a System (F-INSAS) is the Indian Army's principal modernization program from 2012 to 2020. In the first phase, to be completed by 2012, the infantry soldiers will be equipped with modular weapon systems that will have multi-functions. The Indian Army intends to modernize all of its 465 infantry and paramilitary battalions by 2020 with this program.
India is currently re-organising its mechanised forces to achieve strategic mobility and high-volume firepower for rapid thrusts into enemy territory. India proposes to progressively induct as many as 248 Arjun MBT and develop and induct the Arjun MKII variant, 1,657 Russian-origin T-90S mainbattle tanks (MBTs), apart from the ongoing upgrade of its T-72 fleet. The Army recently placed an order for 4,100 French-origin Milan-2T anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs). Defence ministry sources said the Rs 592-crore (approximately US$120 million) order was cleared after the 2008 Mumbai attacks, with the government finally fast-tracking several military procurement plans.[55]
The Army gained the Cabinet Committee on Security's approval to raise two new infantry mountain divisions (with around 15,000 combat soldiers each),[56] and an artillery brigade in 2008. These divisions were likely to be armed with ultralight howitzers. In July 2009, it was reported that the Army was advocating a new artillery division, said defence ministry sources.[57] The proposed artillery division, under the Kolkata-basedEastern Command, was to have three brigadestwo of 155mm howitzers and one of the Russian "Smerch" and indigenous "Pinaka" multiple-launch rocket systems.
The Indian Army plans to develop and induct a 155mm indigenous artillery gun within the next three and a half years.[58]
T-90 bhishma - India plans to induct Total 1657 tanks by 2020. 620 already in service. Arjun MBT - 248 On order - 170 inducted. Arjun MBT mk 2 - Trials by 2011. Production By 2014. FMBT - The FMBT will be a lighter tank of 50 tons. Development work started.
Cruise Missiles
Prahaar (missile) - With a range of 150 km.[59] Shaurya (missile) - It has a range of between 750 to 1900 km.
Indian Ballistic Missile Defense Program - The Indian Ballistic Missile Defense Program is an initiative to develop and deploy a multi-layered ballistic missile defense system to protect India from ballistic missile attacks.
Vehicles Mahindra Axe - Light utility vehicle to be purchased. Kroton - Possible sale of 80 mine laying vehicles from Poland. Light Tank - 300 tanks (200 tracked 100 wheeled) to be deployed on china border. AHS Krab - Possible sale of 110 from Poland. deal along with kroton . PZA Loara - Possible sale of 100 from Poland. deal along with Kroton.
Artillery
Under the Field Artillery Rationalization Plan, Indian Army plans to procure 3000 to 4000
155 mm Towed, Wheeled and Tracked Artillery Systems.The requirement for artillery guns to be met with indigenous development and production. M777 howitzer - 145 British designed howitzers were planned to be acquired. Modern Sub Machine Carbine - The Modern Sub Machine Carbine (MSMC) is the latest combined venture of ARDE & OFB, developed for the Indian Army on a platform of experiences from the INSAS rifle. Army Aviation
Tender for 197 light transport helicopter Along with 125 for Air Force.To Replace Cheetak and Cheetah Helicopters of Armed Forces.
HAL light observation helicopter (LOH) or Light Utility helicopter (LUH) - Requirement for 384 helicopters including for army and air force.
HAL has obtained a firm order to deliver 114 HAL Light Combat Helicopters to the Indian Army.[60]
Indian Army statistics Active Troops Reserve Troops Indian Territorial Army 1,100,000[49] 960,000 787,000**
Ballistic missiles
~100 (Agni-I, AgniII, Agni-III) ~1,000 Prithvi missile series ~1,000 BrahMos ~1,600+ 100,000
** includes 387,000 1st line troops and 400,000 2nd line troops
[edit]Statistics
Soldiers from the 4th Rajput Infantry Battalion of the Indian Army handling INSAS rifles during a training mission.
4 RAPIDs (Reorganised Army Plains Infantry Divisions) 18 Infantry Divisions 10 Mountain Divisions 3 Armoured Divisions 2 Artillery Divisions
3 Air Defence Brigades and 2 Surface-to-Air Missile Groups 5 Independent Armoured Brigades 15 Independent Artillery Brigades 7 Independent Infantry Brigades 1 Airborne Brigade 4 Engineer Brigades 41 Army Aviation Helicopter Units
[edit]Sub-units 93 Tank Regiments (??) 32 Mechanised Infantry Battalions 50 Artillery Regiments 3 Parachute Battalions 7 Special Forces Battalions 23 Combat Helicopter Units 50 Air Defence Regiments
[edit]Rank
structure
The 1st Battalion of 1 Gorkha Rifles of the Indian Army take position outside a simulated combat town during a training exercise.
Main article: Army ranks and insignia of India The various rank of the Indian Army are listed below in descending order: Commissioned Officers
Field Marshal1 General (the rank held by Chief of Army Staff) Lieutenant-General Major-General Brigadier Colonel Lieutenant-Colonel Major Captain Lieutenant
Subedar Major/Honorary Captain3 Subedar/Honorary Lieutenant3 Subedar Major/Risaldar Major Subedar/Risaldar Naib Subedar/Naib Risaldar
Soldiers of the Indian Army's Assam Regiment stand guard near the India Gatewar memorial in Delhi.
2. Armoured CorpsAhmednagar 3. Regiment of ArtilleryDevlaliNasik 4. Corps of Signals 5. Corps of EngineersPuneMadras Engineer GroupBangaloreBengal Engineer
GroupRoorkeeBombay Engineer GroupPune
6. Corps of Army Air Defence-Center at Gopalpur in Orissa State.GopalpurOrissa 7. Mechanised Infantry - Regimental Center at Ahmednagar.Ahmednagar 8. Army Aviation Corps(India)
The Indian Territorial Army has units from a number of corps which serve as a part-time reserve.Indian Territorial Army Services 1. Army Dental Corps
2. Army Education Corps - Centered at Pachmarhi.Pachmarhi 3. Army Medical CorpsLucknow 4. Army Ordnance Corps - Centered at Jabalpur and Secunderabad (HQ).JabalpurSecunderabad 5. Army Postal Service 6. Army supply Corps - Centered at Bangalore and GayaBangaloreGaya 7. Corps of Electronics and Mechanical Engineers - Centered at Bhopal
and Secunderabad.Secunderabad
8. Corps of Military PoliceIndian Corps of Military Police 9. Intelligence Corps - Centered at Pune.Pune 10. Judge Advocate General's Dept. - Centered at the Institute of Military
Law kamptee, Nagpur.kampteeNagpur
11. Military Farms Service - Centered at the Military Farms School and Center, Meerut Cantt.
ajor/Regimental Daffadar Major 2 Regimental Quartermaster HavildarRegimental Quartermaster Daffadar2 Company Havildar Major/Squadron Daffadar Major Company Quartermaster Havildar/Squadron Quartermaster Daffadar Havildar/Daffadar
Other Personnels
Naik/Lance Daffadar Lance Naik/Acting Lance Daffadar Sepoy (infantry and other arms)/Sowar(Indian Army Armoured Corps)
Notes:
1.
Only two officers have been made Field Marshal so far: Field Marshal K M Cariappathe first Indian Commander-in-Chief (a post since abolished)and Field Marshal S H F J Manekshaw, the Chief of Army Staff during the Army in the 1971 war with Pakistan.
2.
3.
This has now been discontinued. Non-Commissioned Officers in the rank of Havildar are elible for Honorary JCO ranks. Given to Outstanding JCO's Rank and pay of a Lieutenant, role continues to be of a JCO.
For the purpose of classification, Indian honours and awards can be divided into two categories : (a) (b) Gallantry awards. Non-gallantry awards.
The gallantry awards are again divisible into tow categories: (a) (b) 1. 2. 3. Those for gallantry in the face of the enemy. Those for gallantry other than in the face of the enemy. Param Vir Chakra. Maha Vir Chakra. Vir Chakra.
4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3.
Sena, Nao Sena and Vayu Sena Medal. Mention in Dispatches. Chiefs of Staff Commendation Card. Ashoka Chakra * Kirti Chakra * Shaurya Chakra *
* These were originally named Ashoka Chakra Class I, Class II, Class III Among non-gallantry awards, the following can be mentioned : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Bharat Ratna. Padma Vibhushan. Padma Bhushan. Param Vishisht Seva Medal. Padma Shri. Sarvottam Yudh Seva Medal. Uttam Yudh Seva Medal. Ati Vishisht Seva Medal. Yudh Seva Medal.
10. Vishisht Seva Medal. 11. 30 Years Long Seva Medal. 12. 20 Years Long Service Medal. 13. 9 Years Long Service Medal. 14. Meritorious Service Medal. 15. Long Service and Good Conduct Medal. 16. General Service Medal - 1947. 17. Samar Seva Medal. 18. Sainya Seva Medal.
19. Videsh Seva Medal. 20. Commendation Card. 21. Raksha Medal. 22. Poorvi Star. 23. Paschimi Star. 24. Sangram Medal. 25. Wound Medal. 26. 25th Independence Anniversary Medal. Attached to a colorful ribbon, a medal, short of the symbol or motif it bears, is a piece of metal. Due thought seems to have been given to this aspect when the gallantry awards were instituted. The superb choice of Vajra (thunderbolt) to serve as the motif for the Param Vir Chakra amply proves this. Great mythology surrounds this mysterious weapon of Vedic origin. It was the Amogha Astra (unfailing weapon) used by Indra to kill vitra, the demon of drought, to release lifegiving waters for the benefit of mankind. In Puranic literature it is said that this Vajra was made out the the Asthis (bones) of Dadhici, a sage of high attainments, for the benefit of the word. The choice of star as a symbol for the Maha Vir Chakra and Vir Chakra as also for Vishisht Seva Medal series is again meaningful. The star, a heavenly body known for its firm, steady and fixed position, symbolically denotes everlasting glory. In Indian mythology, Dhruva, the son of King Uttanapada and Queen Suniti, was given a place in northern horizon by Lord Vishnu in appreciation of his firm determination and supreme effort. The polar star is therefore, called Dhruva Tara in Indian mythology. Another widely used motif on Indian medals is the Ashoka Chakra. This is a twenty-four-spoked wheel occurring on the National Flag and the Ashoka Chakra series of medals. This wheel generally symbolised a sense of activity and forward movement. In 4th century BC, the Buddhists adopted this symbol in the service of religion, calling it the Dharma Chakra. The preaching of the gospel by Lord Buddha was denoted with the Chakra (wheel) symbol and the act was called Dharma Chakra Parvartana. The Ashokan Lions form the obverse or the reverse device in most of the medals. This motif when represented along with the motto 'Satyameva Jayate' represents the National Emblem. Three lions facing the four directions are again Buddhist in significance. They symbolise the universal application of the Dharma comprehending all the four directions i.e. east, west, north and south. In respect of medals, the symbol represents service of a very high order. Ribbons are integral to the scheme of medals and decorations. In fact, ribbons when worn on the chest by a soldier adequately convey stories of heroism associated with him. It is notable that all ribbons are intended to convey some motif or symbol by means of colours. A ribbon, generally speaking, is a combination of meaningful colour imprinted on silk, Saffron, green, blue, red and white are the most commonly used colours in the Indian ribbons. Of these red stands for courage and bravery, saffron for self-effacement and dedicated service; green for growth and auspiciousness; white for glory and purity and blue for devotion and sacrifice. Occasionally red symbolises the Indian Army, dark blue the Indian Navy and sky blue the Indian Air Force. Stripes on ribbons generally denote the class of the award. The ribbons are worn by the awardees on their left breast in a specified sequence, the position and priority being the centre of the chest.
In India there also exists the custom of granting 'Battle Honours','Theatre Honours', and 'Honour titles' to various Army units for distinguished performance on the battlefield. In India, the practice came into vogue in the nineteenth century. The recipient regiments display a selected number of battle honours on their colours, standards and kettle drums. These emblazoned battle honours present an epitome of the history of the regiment.
Indian Army celebrates January 15 every year as Army Day to commemorate the Day, when Gen (later Field Marshal) K M Cariappa became the first Commander-inChief of Indian Armed Forces after Independence, taking over the command of Armed Forces from Gen Sir F R R Bucher, the last British Commander-in-Chief, in 1949.
Mitalli becomes the first woman officer to get gallantry award HISAR: Even before the Army decides to create history by according permanent commission to women and allowing them in the combat arms, Mitali Madhusmita's Sena Medal, the first to be awarded for gallantry to a woman Army officer, has broken another male bastion that promises to remain etched in the Indian military history.
This comes amid the raging debate over women's permanent commission in the Indian Army and vindicates the stance of all aspiring permanent commission women officers. The history was created on Friday morning at the 'Yodha' hall of the 'DOT' division of southwestern command, when Lt General SK Singh, General Officer Commanding in Chief (GOC-in-C) conferred the medal on Major Mitali Madhumita in the investiture ceremony held at the Hisar cantonment.
An officer of Army Education Corp (AEC), Mitali has been given gallantry award for the exemplary courage, grit and valor displayed by her after the attack on the Indian embassy by terrorists in Kabul ( Afghanistan) on February 26, 2010. She helped in saving lots of lives of those severely wounded in that attack. She was on United Nations (UN) mission at that time. A total of 19 persons including seven Indians had been killed in that incident. At that time, she was not a part of combat arms but her job was to teach at facilities in Kabul. But when the incident took place, she immediately rushed to the spot and saved the lives of those buried under the debris after the attack without caring for her life. Impressed with Major Mitali's valor beyond the call off the duties, GOC- in-C, Lt Gen SK Singh could not restrained himself from praising the woman officer's bravery in his special address to the soldiers of the southwestern command. On this occasion, Gen Singh also awarded eight other officers with the Sena Medal (gallantry) in the impressive ceremony held here. Proud moment for Anjali Dass, mother of Major Mitali It was proud moment for Anjali Dass, mother of Major Mitali, who had come all the way from Bhuwneshwar (Orissa) to witness the history created by her daughter. In a candid chat with the TOI, Anjali Dass said, "When Mitali born, she gave me the pride of motherhood and today she made me proud by achieving this feat". Mitali is eldest of three sisters. Both of her younger sisters are working in corporate sector. A retired professor of economic, Anjali Dass further informed that she also wanted Mitali to become a lecturer after completing her masters in English literature but she preferred to join army and excelled. She also informed that Mitali was a NCC cadet during her college days and had also attended a youth exchange programme at Canada at that time. Read more: Mitalli becomes the first woman officer to get gallantry award - The Times of India Mitalli becomes the first woman officer to get gallantry award - The Times of India
Awarded by India Type Eligibility Awarded for Status Medal Military personnel only "... acts of gallantry in the presence of the enemy on land, at sea or in the air."
[1]
Establish ed
The Maha Vir Chakra (MVC) is the second highest militarydecoration in India and is awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea or in the air. It may be awardedposthumously. Literally Maha Veer means extraordinarily brave.
Table of Contents
1 Appearan ce
Appearance
The medal is made of standardsilver and is circular in shape.Embossed on the obverse is a five pointed heraldic star with circular center-piece bearing the gilded state emblem of India in the center. The words "Mahavira Chakra" are embossed in Devanagari and English on the reverse with two lotus flowers in the middle. The decoration is worn on the left chest with a half-white and half-orange riband about 3.2 cm in width, the orange being near the left shoulder.