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Possible causes
Injection Pressure low Barrel temperature low Mould manifold temp. low Mould cavity temp. low
Possible Solutions
Increase injection pressure Increase barrel temperature Increase mould manifold temperature Increase mould cavity temperature. Increase injection speed Increase back pressure Clean vent on split, core and cavity Check that no foreign object is in gate area. Check that the gate pin is moving all the way back (In valve gate hot runner) Increase holding pressure Increase holding time Decrease mould temperature Check cooling water flow / temperature. Increase cooling time Clean vents on split, core and cavity Decrease Injection pressure Decrease injection speed Clean cores Clean splits Clean cavity Decrease mould temperature Decrease barrel temperature Increase clamp pressure Check hoses on mould for damage Check mould for leaks Check that dehumidifier is working properly Check that the machine enclosures has no major gaps
2. Sink mark Depression in the preform surface / body 3. Flash Fins along the partings line created by out flowing polymer.
4. Water mark Wavy water marks, due to absorption of water by hot melt.
Holding pressure low Holding time low High mold temperature Inadequate coolant supply Cooling time low Blocked venting Injection pressure high High injection speed Unwanted material in cores Unwanted material in splits Unwanted material in cavity High mold temperature High barrel temperature Clamping pressure low Leaking hoses Leaking mould Insufficient dehumidification Mold enclosure inadequate
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6. Flow lines poor. Wavy flow lines, observed in the polarized light.
7. Heat splay White / orange shaded flow marks, visible to naked eyes. 8. PET inclusions Un-melted polymer & fine dusty appearance in preform.
Check temperature of mould cavity heaters and Manifold Check barrel temperature Check that no foreign material is in gate area Check barrel temperature Check mould temperature Increase back pressure Check mixing head of the screw / screw is not broken. Inspect the check valve on the screw (not Husky Machine)
9. Concentricity 10. Crystalline gate White crystalline appearance of area around gate.
Decrease injection speed Check that the injection core is not bent and straighten it. Check that the cavity heater is working Increase the cavity temperature Increase the manifold temperature Check that the drier is working Decrease injection hold pressure Check that no foreign object obstructs the cavity gate Increase cooling time Check water to injection core and cavity Check cooling tube in gate is straight and flow is ok.
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13. Stress pattern Waviness in Polarized light. 14. Stringing Long fine string extending from the gate.
Decrease injection pressure Reduce shot size Decrease injection hold time Reduce cavity temperature Increase cooling time Increase injection hold time Check water flow to cavities Check that gate valves are working Check drier temperature and dew point Clean drier air filters Check for air leaks on drier Check for air leaks on machine hopper Check air flow to hopper Increase drier process temperature Increase barrel temperature Shut machine down for 1 hour and dry material Increase back pressure
Increase holding pressure Increase holding time Increase cooling time Lower cavity heater temperature Check for foreign material in gate area.
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21. Gas burn 22. Cracks between threads & NSR (Horizontal) 23. Vertical crack in the preform lip surface. 24. High AA
High injection speed Contaminated splits Improper air venting in neck rings, causing melt flow unequally and form a weld line at this point. Extreme high packing at neck finish area, leading to expansion crack. More prevalent in unbalanced gating system. High residual AA in resin High barrel temperature High plasticizing back pressure & speed High injection speed High manifold & nozzle tip temperature Long cycle time High extruder / screw cushion Low inlet resin temperature Unsuitable screw
Decrease injection speed Clean splits Check equal air vents along the circumference of the neck ring core insert. Clean dirt accumulations around vent area. Reduce packing pressure. Reduce barrel / melt temperature.
Check for resin AA levels Reduce the barrel temperature Reduce back pressure Reduce screw RPM Reduce injection speed Reduce mold manifold temperature Reduce cycle time Reduce cushion Increase inlet resin temperature
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Possible causes
Pearlescence results from stretching of molecules faster than they can respond past it's natural stretch limit. Small tears appear on material surface. This can also be due to the Pre bottle condition considerably smaller than the mold cavity, > 20 %.
Possible Solutions
Material too thin at pearlescent area. Increase heat other than where pearl is evident. Material too thick at pearlescent area. Increase heat at pearl area. Increase overall preform temperature. Pearlescence on the bottle shoulder may be the result of a blow air leak through nose from either pre-valve, high blow valve or stretch rod. Reduce Pre blow volume, increase Pre blow time and reduce Pre blow pressure. Ensure Pre blow bottle is not to large. Excessive petal formation in Pre blow will cause pearl in the petal area. Pearlescence in the body in the form of a ring is the result of insufficient Pre blow. Reduce over all perform temperature allowing the bottle to be blown closer to its natural stretch limit. Under this condition slight pearlescence may be evident Check Preform Problem & Remedy point no.22. There may be chances a fine crack at injection molding stage, is not noticed. Check crack presence by polarized light table. Reduce lamp heat in zone 1. Raise the level of lamp in zone 1. Check preform mandrel are not too cold. Reduce preform temperature. Reduce body heat.
2. Excessive fill point drop Low fill volume of the bottle 3. Clear break along NSR ( rough feel the crack surface) 4. Burst below NSR (smooth feel of crack surface) 5. Low burst pressure (BODY)
Low levels of orientation results in the material not having enough strength to resist the stretch force. Weld line formation along this circumference due to low melt temperature, low fill velocity, improper venting. (Preform defect) Over heating of area near the NSR, leading to separation of softened and hard amorphous portions. Insufficient orientation (Too hot) Low IV
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Incorrect heating profile, resulting in a poor distribution of material. Over stretching of the body / shoulder. Excessive stretching of the taper. Stations producing a smaller Pre blow container will be typically affected. Poor shield positioning, allowing excessive stretching of the thin part of the taper. First impacted mark is evident and is not centered to the gate, an alignment problem is usually the cause. Inadequate mould cooling, If the gate is centered to the stretch rod impact mark and yet not centered to the mould base at the end of blow. If the first impact mark is centered, the stretch rod has lost control of the gate during blow. Often gate control is lost due to excessive rate of growth of expanding film during pre blow. Ideally growth should start high in the preform and should reach the base after the stretch rod has reached the base.
8. Thin shoulder
Move shield into a thicker part of the preforms taper. Reduce pre blow delay time Reduce stretch rod pressure Increase Pre blow pressure Reduce heat in the neck. If thickening occurs below desired area.
9. Swung gate
Reduce low bottle size Increase air delay time Reset stretch rod height Low blow pressure too high Air delay time too short Worn stretch rod guides Excessive preform eccentricity Thick crystallinity near gate
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Over heating of the preform end cap, material wraps around the end of the stretch rod. In effect another thick/ thin transition forms Overheating of the finish area which allows blow pressure air to stretch the material. Oven ambient temperature to high. Incorrect preform loading, too much of the finish is exposed. Misalignment of the preform, blow mould and blow nozzle usually caused by poor transfer arm positioning. Blow mold position. Nozzle position. Over stretching of the preform by the stretch rod prior to pre blow. Low blow delayed or missing
Misalignment of the preform to the mould or nose. Distortion below the flange Insufficient mould cooling One mould half with poor cooling Excessive material remained in the neck and shoulder.
Reduce air delay time Reduce stretch rod pressure Move shield into a thicker part of the taper Increase heat in the body or base Increase low blow pressure Reduce heat in the neck Realignment of the preform to the nose or mould. Reduce material thickness in the shoulder by reducing heat in the body. Increase high blow time Improve mould cooling
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Preform temperature above crystal growth range for to long. Insufficient cooling of preform outside surface for the amount of heat absorbed by the P.E.T. Poor venting of mold.
Pressure remaining in the bottle when blow moulds open. Insufficient high blow / cooling time Material too hot and/or too thick Insufficient or no low blow Insufficient heat beside choke
Increase low blow pressure Increase heat in the body Reduce heat in the base and/ or neck. Reduce air delay time Reduce stretch rod pressure
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Insufficient high blow pressure. Rate of high blow too slow, material movement stalls before reaching the corners. Often as a result of blow nozzle leak. Insufficient high blow time. Heavy baseweight. High blow pressure inadequate to move material into the corners. Inconsistent preform rotation through the oven. Insufficient surface cooling of the preform. Insufficient orientation and/or material thickness to deliver the required physical strength Preform temperature too high. Heavy base weight.
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Increase heat beside or below the gate Reduce stretch rod pressure Check preform for excessive crystallinity, if so change preforms. Increase stretch rod, mould base gap
Fix swung gate. Reduce preform temperature to pearlescence, reduce base weight if necessary. Increase high blow time Reduce heat in the preform lower body Line lubricants generally cause severe stress cracking in all feet. Increase base weight
30. Streaks
(Thin thick vertical lines)
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Possible causes
Curing time not enough. Insufficient gate cooling. Higher hold pressure. Higher back pressure Drooled material clogging HR nozzle top surface. Resin decomposing Restriction in melt flow in HR. Higher injection velocity. Poor drying. Sudden variation in melt temperature in melt path. Restriction in melt flow in HR. Higher injection velocity. Sudden variation in melt temperature in melt path. Water in blow air. Dust in blow air. Dirt and pitting in blow mold
Possible Solutions
Increase cooling time. Reduce hold pressure Reduce back pressure Replace damaged Nomex paper / NF ring and clean HR nozzle surface. Reduce barrel temperature. Reduce back pressure & Speed. Reduce HR temperature. Reduce nozzle temperature. Reduce injection velocity & pressure. Check dryer performance. Balance flow path temperature. Maintain not more than 10 deg C variation in flow path. Clean HR flow path. Reduce injection velocity. Balance flow path temperature. Maintain not more than 10 deg C variation in flow path. Check moisture trap / dryer performance in air line. Check air filter performance. Clean and polish blow cavity.
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