Networking Midterm Preparation: 1- What is a Computer networking? Why do we need it? 2- How many type of Network?

Please explain in detail 3- What are the common types of the Network cable? 4- Explain about the cable specifications (10BaseT, 10Base2, 10Base5, 10BaseF) 5- What the difference between Repeater, Hub, Bridge, Switch, and Router? Answers: 1- A computer network consists of two or more computing devices connected to each other using network mediums to share resources and information We need it because: Enhance communication. Computer networks use electronic mail (e-mail) as the choice for most of the communication. By using networks, information can be sent to a larger audience in an extremely fast and efficient manner. Share resources. A copy of data or application stored at a single central location is shared over a network. Computer peripheral devices, referred to as additional components, can be attached to a computer and be shared in a network in order to reduce the cost. Facilitate centralized management. Networks are used to assist in management tasks associated with their own operation and maintenance. Using networks results in increased efficiency and a reduction in maintenance costs. Software can be installed at a central location using servers, where the installation files are made accessible over the network. 2- There are 5 types of network (PAN, LAN, WAN, MAN, and WLAN) Explain each network: Personal Area Network (PAN) is a network that is used for communicating among computers and computer devices (including telephones) in close proximity of around a few meters within a room PANs can be wired or wireless - PANs can be wired with a computer bus such as FireWire and a universal serial bus: USB PANs can also be wireless through the use of bluetooth (a radio standard designed for low power consumption for interconnecting computers and devices such as telephones, printers or keyboards to the computer) or IrDA (infrared data association) technologies Local area network (LAN): A LAN covers a relatively small area such as a classroom, school, or a single building. LANs are inexpensive to install and also provide higher speeds. Metropolitan area network (MAN): A MAN spans the distance of a typical metropolitan city. - The cost of installation and operation is higher. - MANs use high-speed connections such as fiber optics to achieve higher speeds. Wide area network (WAN): - WANs span a larger area than a single city. - These use long distance telecommunication networks for connection, thereby increasing the cost.

- The Internet is a good example of a WAN. Wireless LAN (WLAN) : Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) : - A wireless technology that connects computers without cables Access Point (AP) : - A device (base station) that connects wireless devices together - Usually connected to a wired-network ESSID (Extended Service Set ID) : - A name for the AP, eg. mobilenet Hotspot : - The area covered by wireless access points Standard 802.11b - 11Mbps 2.4G 802.11g - 54Mbps 802.11a - 54Mbps 5G Security WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) WPA (Wi-Fi Protected Access)

3- The common types of Network cable are unshielded twisted pair (UTP), shielded twisted pair (STP), coaxial cable, and fiber optic. 4- Explain about the cable specifications (10BaseT, 10Base2, 10Base5, 10BaseF) 10BaseT: used for Unshielded Twisted Pair, the maximum length is 100 meters 10Base2: used for Thin Coaxial, the maximum length is 185 meters 10Base5: used for Thick Coaxial, the maximum length is 500 meters 10BaseF: used for Fiber Optic, the maximum length is 2000 meters * The 10 comes from the maximum transmission speed of 10 Mbit/s (millions of bits per second). 5- The difference between Repeater, Hub, Bridge, Switch, and Router: - Repeater: is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances. - Hub: hub is a repeater, which is a OSI model device, the simplest possible. A hub takes the data that comes into a port and sends it out all the other ports in the hub. It doesn't perform any filtering or redirection of data. Although it's actually a little more complicated, you can think of a hub like a piece of wire. A better analogy might be that of an Internet Chat room. Everything that everyone who joins a particular chat is seen by everyone else. If there are too many people trying to chat, things get bogged down. More info on hubs can be found here. - Bridge: (sometimes called "Transparent bridges") work at OSI model Layer 2. This means they don't know anything about protocols, but just forward data depending on the destination address in the data packet. This address is not the IP address, but the MAC (Media Access Control) address that is unique to each network adapter card. - Switch: is the same thing as Bridge, but usually have multiple ports with the same "flavor" connection (Example: 10/100BaseT). - Router: is a device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and itsISP's network. Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more networks connect, and are the critical device that keeps data flowing between networks and keeps the networks connected to the Internet.