Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________

CHAPTER 18

CHANGE OVER TIME

SECTION

Darwins Voyage
(pages 616-626)

181

This section discusses Charles Darwin and his theory of natural selection, which is based on what he saw during his trip around the world. Darwins Observations
(page 617)

1. Is the following sentence true or false? Charles Darwin was not surprised by the variety of living things he saw on his voyage around the world.

2. A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring is called a(n) .

3. Is the following sentence true or false? Darwin observed a great diversity of organisms on the Galapagos Islands.

Similarities and Differences

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(page 618)

4. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about Darwins observations. a. Many Galapagos organisms were similar to organisms on mainland South America. b. Iguanas on the Galapagos Islands had small claws for climbing trees. c. Darwin thought Galapagos animals and plants came from mainland South America. d. All tortoises living in the Galapagos Islands looked exactly the same. 5. Darwin noticed many differences among similar he traveled from one Galapagos island to the next. as

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Guided Reading and Study Workbook

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Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________

CHAPTER 18, Change Over Time (continued)

Adaptations

(page 619)

Look at the bird beaks below. Match the bird beaks with the kind of food the bird eats. Kind of Food 6. insects 7. seeds Bird Beaks

a.

b.

8. A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce is a(n) .

Evolution

(pages 619620)

9. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about Darwins conclusions. a. Darwin understood immediately why Galapagos organisms had many different adaptations. b. Darwin thought that Galapagos organisms gradually changed over many generations. c. Darwin believed that evolution had occurred on the Galapagos Islands. d. Darwin knew how certain traits were selected for in nature.
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10. Circle the letter of a well-tested concept that explains many observations. a. idea b. evolution c. scientific theory d. hypothesis

Natural Selection

(pages 620621)

11. In his book, The Origin of Species, Darwin proposed that evolution occurs by means of .

12. Is the following sentence true or false? Individuals with variations that make them better adapted to their environment will not survive.

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Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________

Match the factors that affect the process of natural selection with their definitions. Definitions 13. Caused by limited food and other resources 14. Differences between individuals of the same species 15. Species produce more offspring than can survive. Factors a. overproduction b. competition c. variations

The Role of Genes in Natural Selection

(page 624)

16. Is the following sentence true or false? Only traits that are controlled by genes can be acted upon by natural selection. 17. Is the following sentence true or false? Darwin knew all about genes and mutations.

Natural Selection in Action

(page 624)

18. During a drought on one of the Galapagos Islands in 1977, only finches with able to survive. and beaks were better

19. Is the following sentence true or false? Natural selection can affect a
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group of organisms in as short a time as one year.

How Might New Species Form?

20. When does a new species form?

(page 625)

21. Give an example of how a group can be separated from the rest of its species.

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Name ____________________________________ Date __________ Class ___________________

CHAPTER 18, Change Over Time (continued)

Continental Drift

(page 626)

22. Pangaea gradually split apart in a process called 23. What happened to plant and animal species during continental drift?

Reading Skill Practice

The glossary on pages 712738 of your textbook gives the definitions of all the key terms. You can use the glossary when you need to find the meaning of a key term. Find and write the definitions of the terms adaptation, evolution, natural selection, and variation. Do your work on a separate sheet of paper.

SECTION

The Fossil Record

(pages 627-634)
Prentice-Hall, Inc.

182

This section explains what fossils are and how scientists determine a fossils age. It also describes the geologic time scale, a calendar of Earths history. Introduction
(page 627)

1. Some of the most important clues to Earths past are 2. Circle the letter of each item that can form a fossil. a. bone b. shell c. footprint
(pages 627629)

d. stone

How Do Fossils Form?

3. Is the following sentence true or false? Only the soft parts of an animal remain to form a fossil.
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