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Price
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OF
ssc-144
BY R. W. VANDER.BECK
SHIP
STRUCTURE
COMMITTEE
For
sale
by
the
U.
S.
Department
of
Commerce, 25, D. C.
Office
of
Technical
Services,
Washington
Serial
No. SSC-144
Final Report of Project SR- 141 to the SHIP STRUCTURE COMMITTEE on MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF HIGH- MANGANESE SEMIKILLED STEEL PLATE
transmitted
through
Committee on Ship Steel Division of Engineering and Industrial Research National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council uncle r Department of the Navy Bureau of Ships Contract NObs- 84321 Index No. S-R 009 0301, Task 2004
U.S.
Department
Services
ABSTRACT Test results taining rolled obtained on seven production and 1.00 to 1.3570 heats of semikiiledsteel manganese indicate conthat as-
in thicknesses tensile
over 1 to 1- 1/2 in. would meet but might not have suffisubstitute for as-rolled ABS
C steel in thicknesses
weight tests peratures than those interpretation with l-in. nesses steel
agreement,
were appreciably
of reduced
thickness.
of notchtoughne specimens,
ss behavior was obtained using drop-weight and, on this basis, was the experimental as suitable that
thick
over 1 to 1-1/2
about
It is
believed
further
testing
of plates
It does appear,
steel
in the normalized
or normalized
C steel,
.. . .
CONTENTS
J?zE
Introduction. Melting Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...* of Heats . . . . . . .....
. . .
1 2 2 5 6 7 9 13 13 18 18 21 24 24 24 24 27 29
30 31
and Processing
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
q
Conducted
. . . . . . . . . .....00DD.**oc-0
Discus sionof
Test Results
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
q q
Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tensile Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . v-Notch Charpy Impact Tests . . . . . Ferrite Grain Size ..;.... . . . . . . Drop-Weight Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . Explosion Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tests on Normalized Plate.. . . . . . Comparison of Transition Temwratures Underbead-Cracking Susceptibility . Interpretation of Test Results.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ..* . . . . . .
q
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ..tct. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . .
s .. . . . . . . . . . . .
Tension Tests . . . . . . . . . . . V- Notch Charpy Tests . . . . . . Drop -Weight Tests . . . . . . . . Tests on Normalized Plate.. . Fracture Transition Temperatures .* . ...*. Underbead C-king Summary and Conclusions Acknowledgments Reference Appendix s . . . ...* .
q
. ...***.
. ...*...
d
31 33
c.
..00
-. *-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...-
34
A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
36
.-. ....-
SR-
141
PROJECT ADVISORY COMMITTEE Steels for the COMMITTEE ON SHIP STEEL over 1 in.
Semiskilled
Chairman: M. W. Lightner Vice President, Research and Technology United States Steel Corporation Members: W. J. Harris, Jr. Battelle Memorial W. S. Pellini Superintendent, Naval Research Institute Division
Metallurgy Laboratory
Division
Department
INTRODUCTION
Harris
and Williams
1 issued
under
on Ship Steel
Research
Aspects
of Ship Steels
to Ship Failures. . . _
it is recommended
low-carbon,
high-manganese,
or as a substitute substitute
A semiskilled
emergency States
Harris
and Williams
their analysis
behavior
of plates
V-notch
not exceeding
During the period in which the above mental re suits were obtained sernikilled indicate heats containing
could be obtained
a maximum of about O. 207o C and about desired to maintain the tensile properties
specified
composition re suits,
seemed
On the basis
Harris
and Williams
program aimed at gaining native for ABS Class Accordingly, a number of production semiskilled variety d.
production
experience
with a proposed
C steel.
so that production
experience
could be obtained
product evaluate
The present
study describes
the test
results
obtained
on seven
300-ton
MELTING AND PROCESSING The seven heats of semiskilled District Works steel
OF HEATS
of United
composition
requirements
maximum C
Heats A, B, and C were melted so that the optimum could be determined. of tensile proper-
of O. 12,
for meeting
as Heat B exhibited
combination
the remaining
to an aim C content
heats
Major interest
were rolled
with regard to
of the plate in the ingot is given in Table Product yield from ingot to plate for these
normal steel.
different
on ABS Class
TESTS CONDUCTED The various cooperative organizations that conducted Steel tests on these steels in this
Corporation
Laboratory (Wat. 2.
(NRL),
Arsenal in Table
Ars. ).
The tests
by each
designations
1, some tests
were performed
product
in addition
to the tests
on the plates
in the as-rolled
-3TABLE 1 LOCATION OF PLATE SAMPLES TESTED Plate Thickness, in. 3/4 1 1-1/4
1-1/2
Heat A, B, C
I!2wL
R R s s s s T R R R R R R R R R R
Position of Slab in Ingot Middle Middle ToP Middle Middle Bottom Middle ToP ToP ToP Middle Middle Bottom Bottom ToP Middle Bottom
Plate
Cut
Te steal By Uss others Uss Uss Others Uss Others Uss Others Uss Uss Others Others tTSS Uss Uss Uss
TOP Bottom ~ ToP ToP Bottom::, Bottom Whole Slab:: ToP Middle: : Bottom ToP Bottom>:+< Top::x Bottom ToP ToP Bottom
D, E
3/4
1-1/4
1-1/2
F, G
No asterisk
- Tests on hot-rolled product. ~ - Tests on hot-rolled product from Heats A, B, C, and on normalized product from Heat A. ~~- Tests on hot-rolled and normalized product.
The crackPuzak and Babecki, scribed measured V-notch ated. The crack-
starter
drop-weight
test
described procedures
by de-
in the reference
temperature
fracture
may be readily
starter
explosion
tests
developed
were
to determine
the fracture-arrest
above which
Type Test Chemical Tensile Ferrite V-Notch Analysis Properties Grain Size Charpy
Uss Athru
Plate NYNSY
A, B, C
A, D, E A, D, E
A, I), E A, D, E ( 3/4)
A, D, E
A thru G
crack
propagation
is called
The van der Veen te st5 also which is selected at that temperature Since
a fracture
transition
below the notch is 67 mm, the tranat a temperature c orre spending to ap-
in ef feet,
proximately
defines
a crack-arrest
or frac-
obsewed is usually
high cooling
-b-
ABs
Specification Before
1948
1948
Class
0.24
0.23
--
to
1/2 1/2 to 1
1948
Class
Over
0=19 0.17
0.18 0018
0022* 0022*
0.60-0.904
0.10-0.35
:Fine-grain Upper
Limit of Mn maybe
Where plates of over 1-3/8 in. thickness required that such plates be producedto thickness are to be produced to specially c Plates specified to be normalized
are used unimportant structural parts, it maybe Plates over 2 in. in special specifications. agreed upon specifications. a maximum carbon of O.Z4.
may have
Tension-Test Requirements Tensile Strength, psi 58,000 58,000 to 71,000 71, 000
~0
OF TEST RESULTS will be made to the steels and the properties steels reviewed produced
reference requirements,
to the 1956 ABS specification will be compared reference, in Table 1948, 3. with those
of the experimental
therefore,
and strength
requirements
are listed in
requirements
were revised
which is limited
to thicknesses
Heat A
Mn
F --
0.12 0.10 0.16 0.20 0.16 0.14 0.21 0.2h o.21 0.19
0.12 0.13
Total
Si Cu Ni .Cr --
Al _
0.0L6 .0.015 .. 0.015 .. 0.014 -0.016 -0.015 0.019 0.018 0.019 0.018 0.015 0.018 0.019 0.016 0.013 0.015 0.015 0.014 0.015 0.016
0.031 0.030 0.028 0.040 0.025 0.024 -0.026 0.026 0.030 0.027 0.030 0.034 0.032 0.034 0.050 0.024 0.028 0.020 0.028 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01
-0.005 -0.008 -0.003 -0.009 -+ 0.004 -0.010 --0.006 ---u 0.0011 --0.003 --0.003 .+
--
B 1
3/4
1.1/2
c
1-1/4
1.24 1.31 1.38 1.34 1.39 1.28 1.28 1.29 1.23 1.18 1.20 1.19 1.16 1.27 1.25 1.23 1.10 1.10 1.06
-0.030 -0.019 -0.040 .0.030 0.032 0.032 0.035 0.028 0.029 0.035 0.038 0.031 0.025 0.022 0.019 0.027 0.023 0.020
0.15 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.21 0.19 0.17 0.21 0.19 0.16
~.
3/4 1-1/4
1-1/2
over steels,
1/2
to 1 in.,
inclusive,
is fairly
close
in composition
Composition Check seven heats analyses performed 4. by USS on the various The 1 1\2-in. -thick plate plate samples of the
of Heat A, which was melted to the lowest (O. 10~0) of all the plates,
C content,
C content
plate
of Heat C, which was melted to the highest (O. 24Yo). The observed extremes
C content,
C content
in C content
that the bottom of an ingot shows the lowest The other plates were in the range of 0.12
C content
Steel
.~psi
Quarter Line of Plate Elongation Tensile Yield Point, Strength, in 8 In. psi si $
Plate Elongation in 8 m. ~
32.5 36.5 37.2 38.7 34. O* 25.0* 30.5 36.0 35.2
38,300 35,400 34,200 32,300 40,100 41,400 36,800 36,700 45,600 42,6oo 39,600 42,500
37,300 35,600 34,500 30,200 40,200 Lb,300 42,300 35,600 34,200 45,700 45,300 42,100 41,000 38,000 39,300 42,2oo 37,600 34,000 37,100 37,400 33,500 33,200 44,800 39,200 34,200 40,300 35, 60G 32,700
62,200
37,500 37,700 34,900 31,900 38,700 45,1OG 44,200 36,300 33,000 45,300 46,200 45,600 40,300 37,600 40,200 40,500 38,300 33,400 36,000 39,200 33,500 33,400 44,400 38,400 35,000 40,800 34,000 33,200
62,8oo
62,400 62, OOO 56,200 67:7 75,100 66,400 61,300 7k, 400 81,300 82,200 71,400 67,200 67,700 71,000 6a, 900 64,400 61,000 6k, 400 64,000 60,900 73,500 68,200 65,100 69,900 6b> 400 59,800
74,300 74,100 66, PO 61,900 74,700 79,800 80,800 72,2oO 68,200 67,700 71,200 69,800 64,500 62,300 64,700 64,000 60,600
747200
c 1
30.0
20.O*
26.5 29.5 32.5 35.2 34.0 29.0 35.0 36.0 34.0 31.0 38.0 38.0 31.5 37.5 39.0 34.0 32.0 40.5
28.0 32.7 34.2 30.0 30.0 24. o 35.0 28.0 30.0 34.0 38.0 32.0 36.0 38.0 32.0 39.5 kl.o
3/4 TOP 39,~o 38,700 3/4 Bottorn 37,100 1-1/4 L1/2 35,000 3/4 TOP 3/4 Bdtom L1/4 1-1/2 3/4 L L]4 l-1/2 3/4 1-1/4 1-1/2 35,300 36,000 33>W 32,300 44,300 38, ~o 35,500 42,200 34,100 32,900
NOTE: AU values reported are For single tests. Yield-point values are based on upper-yieldpoint loads determined by drap-oT-the-beam method.
to O. 217o C content. about O. 30% greater steel. Some chemical have not been reported Uss. Tensile ~roperties The individual iation in Fig. Fig. in yield point,
samples
averaged
1. 25!f0, B
of the present
ABS Class
analyses
here since
are similar
results
are presented
in Table
5.
with C content
and in Fig.
-8I
no
I
=
u
N
LEO ENO: i
- EDGE VALES
4-I-+-L--I
-
O- ED(3E
& 0 -CENTERLINE
---___
-QU4MTERL,14E VALES
VALUES -_ rI SPECIFIED STREN07H TENSILE R#NGE
VALCS
_____
____
___
____
I ___
5olE-+-E-E+-+
--+4
50
40
0
- ___
30
.:
l-L___+_~__
A
40
id&kkid
30 0.16 0,10 0,20
c 3
1I i ,- ~
MINIMUM SPECIFIED ELONOATIOW 0.12 0,14 0.16 CARBON O.in CONTENT, % 0.20 0.22
0.22
0..?+
20
0.10
__ I
0,24
CARBON
CONTENT ,
FIG.
1 PROPERTIES
1.
~I(7J.
2.
*O
A- OUARTERLINE
O CENTERLINE
~ * , - - . - -...
50
10 ]
~ # ;+
- ---
10 10
--- ----
& ____________
MI N!MuM
____ ~-----
YIELD POINT
WEC,F,ED
.~++] $3d=:
40 -.. ~ 30 * 8. IP w - ?0 0.10 --_____ 0.12 _____ 0,14 0,16 CARBON ____ 0,18 CONTENT , % 0.20 MINIMuM WECW9E0 ELOHOATION --0,22 0,24
H OTT-T-TFlli
60
gVALUES
ALCS
SPECIFIED TENSILE.
STRENGTH RAIIGE
---T----r----r----t----[-L--l
z
,.
.+
w
-0.14 -----0,16 CARBON _____ 0,18 CONTENT,
E+>
.
0 MINIMUM SPECIFIED ELONGATION
10
-----o 0.10
----0,12
____ 0.20
____ 0.22
-1 0.24
FTG. 3. VARIATION IN TENSILE PROPERTIES WITH C CONTENT FOR 1 -1/4-IN. -THICK PLATES.
FIG. 4. VARIATION IN TENSILE PROPERTIES WITH C CONTENT FOR 1l/2-INm -THICK pLATEs
-9-
tensile plate
strength,
and elon-
investigated strength
C content
exceeded
strength
of 71, 000 psi. plates were top-plate contehts in these cuts from top slabs, for Heats and, as indicated
4, the carbon
plates
segregation
than in plates
plates
was higher on
plates
The strength
moreover,
positions. of chemical
to be associated reliance
with variations
will therefore
be placed
on the results
plate
which involve
other plate thicknesses, The 1 1/4-in. in tensile yield lower, hibited properties
3 exhibited
essentially
with carbon
content
plates
strength
was about
strength
The 1 1/2-in.
plates
in Fig.
and increase
in elongation,
would probably
the re suits
indicate steel
low-carbon, test
high-
hot-rolled
semiskilled
specificais
in plate thicknesses
over 1 through
between best
between
aim C content
specifications
to be about
0.1670. lJ-Notch Charpy Impact V-notch Tests test results for the specimens These prepared tables and give both
Charpy impact
-1o-
energy
absorption
values
appearance
of the bro-
The energy
absorption
for Heat A show considerable (O. 12Yo), and it is not temperature as it does for a
C content
so steeply steel. 9
Chemical seems
may contribute
The abrupt rise in energy even if accompanied Curves ture are plotted
by increased
with testing
tempera-
5, 6,
7, and 8 for the four differnote that two locations are the top and typical are
ent plate thicknesses. were tested bottom cuts curves also for Heats
plate,
D and E, as indicated.
figures,
representing
the average
involved
drawn.
The se typical
curves
of impact
behavior
An average
for other
ABS grades
and past
The information
by ABS and the other upon 7 plates noted that the V-notch thickness thick). is similar
produced
It will be in 1 1/4-in.
Charpy behavior
to that of present-day
B steel
The notch-toughness
experimental plate.
impact tests
Average ABS and NRL data for Heats A, B, and C are plotted 11, 12, and 13 to show the extent of agreement among
-11160
HEAT A B ...----
I
160 HEAT A B ------c 120 = c >: * . 40 .80
TEST
TEMPERATuRE.
TEST TEMPEHAWRE, F
I 2C g = >. : Y . 40 ~
c D - E F G 1
I s : >.
, #
: : .
0 -00
-40
0 TEST
40 TEMPERATuRE,
80 F
120
160
TESTTEMPERATURE,
1201
: =
+
So :
$
R
_ -- ,1-
.. 120 . ---
CLASS C, 1~-, NORM. CLASS C, I 1 +, AS ROLLED 0.20% MAX. c, 1.oo-I,35%Mn, I+ 8!+ 1S56 CL4S$ B, ~l 1948 CLASS B, ~- l ABS BEFORE 1948.1 !A /
80
.//-f,.Ak
1+ in.
ABS
Y .
40
+
w 4C
// ___
0 -80 -40 0 TEST 40 TEMPERATURE, eo F 120 160 o -BO
-40
0
TEST
40 TEMPERATURE,
00 F
IEO
160
FIG . 9. TYPICAL V-NOTCH C HARPY CURVES FOR THE DIFFERENT PLATE THICKNESSES
FIG . 10. TYPICAL V-NOTCH CHARPY CURVES FOR EXPERIMENTAL AND ABS STEELS
-12160
140
I
1
I 20
A
100
;
80
I I
3/4-lNCH-THIC
K PLATES I .l/4-lNcH-T HICK PLATE s j 1 / , , l-l/2INCHTHIG K PLATES
60
40
LEGEND:
20
() o
O-u. ----m
1
FIG.
-40
40
-%
Igo
40 80 1:0
40
I 80
TEST TEMPERATURE, F
J 140 / /
120
n
100 80 ~ 60
.
l-1/4 -lNCH-THICK
PLATES
40 20
o
-40
40
-40
80
120
40
so
I20
40
80
120
TEST TEMPERATURE, F
FIG . 12.
-13120
I 00
... .d
80
..- .~ $? ./H .. :J
NGH-THICK-PLATES
60 q
l- I/4 IMCH-THICU PLATE$
40
O /A 1-/2-l I +1
ul
LE~END:
20
O-u. ---w s.s. U - A. B.S.
s
0 40
-40
80
- A-N. R. . L I I
0 40 80 120 160 200
120
TEST TEMPERATURE,
FIG . 13. CHARFY V-NOTCH CURVES FOR HEAT C , TESTED AT DIFFERENT LABORATORIES
test
re suits
transition
temperatures
temperature
determi-
The average
15 ft- lb temperature
experimental
plate is higher than the Harris and The 1 l\4-in. plate, however, meets
of 10 F maximum.
the objective. Ferrite Grain Size Ferrite sus the 15 ft-lb grain size values transition are also shown in Table in Fig. 14. 7 and are plotted verline has been The slope higher than of temperatures points
An average thicknesses.
this line is 36 F per unit grain size number, values cited in the past. However, hence,
which is somewhat
scatter;
be considered
The crack-starter
drop-weight
test nil-ductility
temperatures
(NDT)
are
-14-
Steel A
Uss
-25 -8 20 -30 -3 13
15 Ft- lb Charpy V-Notch Transition Temperature, F. ABs NRL Averaqe -22 -12 8
-22
-lo 10
18
-19 -3 15
-21 -5
-16 10
8
-lo 5 10 24 32
-14
11 -7
17 25
-7 19 28 -22, -18 18
-14, 15 30
16 2
-6 24
2
-11 -12 21 -2 18 26
22 22
NOTE:
For the 1 l/2inchthick plates of Heats A, B, and C, the plate samples tested at USS were obtained from different plates than the plate samples te steal at ABS and NRL (see Table 1). In all other cases, the different laboratoriess tested the same plates.
in T~ble 8. tests
in addition
to the tests
thickness,
of various
reduced
from these
It is interesting 1 1/4-,
to observe plates
and 1 l/2-in.
of the asrolled
plate
using full-thickness
-15-
at
15R-rc
-n.
at 50~
Heat A B c D E F G AvE.
&n.
>n
=in.
Z!@7ZUL
Wi=n
. 19*
.21++ -7
-20
-22
24 30 40 51 44 58 g k5
42 30 w
40 48 68 56 58 62 g 56
yo 36 58 ItJ ( 54 66 g 52
7.0
6.8
8.2 8.0
6.5
6.2
7.0 7.5 7.3
35
8,0 8.2
8.o 7.4
7.5
7.8 -I.-I 6.8 7.0 7.0 7.2
-11* -2*
.10
IL
7.8 7.8
7.7
6.5 6.3
6.5 6+8
-9
.
+Jy$.V~=&g~ values from USS, ABS, and N8L data, Table are based upon U,% data. determinations
6.
All other
Heat A
1
1 14
1-1/4
Thickness, F 1-1/2
2!!EE4!.!L
@ O* ()* -10*
1
10*
Q!i
20*
2!!!&
~ot+
_w_L
.~().K ~(y+
u
20.
3 C)* 10.,.
10* 10* O* 10*
O*
-~()+
14
211
O*
-10.X
20.
10* 10*
10*
-5 O* -5
10
30* 30*
20*
10*.
O*
o
10.,.
-10
E
. 10*
o 0
10*
10
10*
F G Average
0 0
-2
-10
o 0
2
-3
wide tested owr 4-in,
w Subsize
for
5/8
3-1/2 in,
NOTE: All NDT v&lues werm obtainedusing NRL normalizationpI-O&.we33 0.075-in, deflectionfor 5/8-in. thick subsize specimens. -
3/4through 1
specimens, 0.2-in.
-16-
o~ ~;/ I :-
SLOPE:
36 F
PER
uNIT
GRAIN I ,
SIZE
i+
FERRITE
GRAIN
SIZE,
ASTM
NUMBER
1
! I-I/2 1-1/4 3/4 THICK THICK THICK I PLATE PLATE PLATE I
o
50 A n 40 -------
30 L
+_J. cmrPIucMC o
SUBSIZE
-20L
-et-tl~ I I I
1/2 3/4 SPECIMEN I THICKNESS,
I
I -1/4 INCHES
I
1-1/2
plates,
however,
resulted
in noticeably exists
that a specimen the prescribed men-thickness for each plate A, B, and C. creases
An estimate
specimen
thickness
thickness,
to decrease increase
as the specimen
to 3/4 in.
thickness
further decreases
is apparently
-17-
latter
specimen change
is subsize
and of different
dimensions thickness
The using
average
in NDT attributed
the 3/4-in.
specimen
Specimen
(Subsize)
significant to evaluate
into account
necessary.
by the drop-weight
it must be decided
to use the full-thickness that have been machined further later. either actual
specimens
or to use subsize
specimens
down to some thickness For the present, or extrapolated, Thus, thickness correction mens.
on Heats
specimens
must be applied
For example,
the corrected
thickness
~Pellini has lately reduced the NDT test method to three specific sizes of 5/8x2 x5in.,3/4x2x5 in. ,andlx3x14 in. drop-weight specimens, These specimens te s-ted with appropriate stops are said to provide identical NDT values within the reproducibility range of ~ 10 F assigned to the test method. The use of the 3/4 x 3 x 14 in. specimen has been discontinued because it consistently gives NDT temperatures approximately 15 F below those of the now-standard tests. This behavior is ascribed to excessive flexibility of the specimen. The use of l-1/2-and 2-in. tests has also been discontinued in line with Pellinis concept that the extra thickness changes the test to one involving a large flaw size (the internal crack that forms before the specimen breaks across the surface). The larger flaw does re suit in increasing the NDT on the order of .20 to 30 F, but not higher because of the temperature effect on restricting the size of the internal flaw. In keeping with the intended use of the test as a smallflaw ductility-transition test, Pellini believes that analysis of the present report is best made in terms of the 5/8 and 1-in. tests.
-18obtained by adding 25 F to the NDT obtained correction may be applied of various with the 3/4-in. D and E based thicknesses. -thick specimens.
An average obtained
9 which lists
the average
specimens. is similar
The increase
to that obtained
V-notch
temperature.
constant
temperature
factors;
plate thickness
in specimen
transition
temperatures tests
for elastic
loading
( FTE},
as de10. These
by crack-starter
explosion
in Table
were conducted
plate
as plate thickness
thickness
were used.
between
as plate thickness
have indicated
were conducted
on 1 1/2-in. plates
FTE and NDT for the 1 l/2-in. be related Tests to service behavior Plate
is 10 F.
This observation
would have to
to determine
on Normalized V-notch
Charpy, tests
drop-weight,
tests
were conducted
of the experithe
van der Veen tests Charpy test re suits van der Veen test
The V-notch
in Table A-2 of the Appendix and the detailed 10. The transition temperature evaluations
results
TABLE 9 AVEIUIGE CRACK-STARTER DROP-WEIGHT NDT VALUES FOR FULL PLATE TEllCKNESSES NDT, F, for Indicated 1 in.
o -10 0
Heat A B c D E F G Average
14 14 24
-3 -3 0 0 -2 applied.
TABLE 10 CRACK-STARTER EXpLOSION TEST RESULTS FTE, F, for Indicated 1-1/4 30 30 50 30 (% 50 46 Plate Thickness in. ~ (30) (40) (70) m 48
Heat A B c D E Average
& 40
NOTE: Values in parentheses are less Precisely determined than the other values.
in Table
and normalized
product
so that an
may be com,pared. of 16 F.
lowered
specimens
-20-
TABLE 11 TRANSITION TEMPEIWTURES ON NORMALIZED VERSUS HOT-ROLLED PRODUCT 15Ft-lb V-NotchChwpy Drop-Weight van der .Veen FracLure
-40
-13
Heat A
Plate Tempera Lure,F NOT, F Thickness, ImprOveinches Hot-Rolled _ Norm. DEnt Hot-Rolled _ . Nom 3/4 -19 21
10
LOW-B1OW Appeamnce Temp, F Transition Improveu Improve- Temp, F ment Hor -Rolled Norm. Inent Normlized
0
20
40
42 50
34
71, 96 66 88 103
75 116
0 44 37 75 66 84
64 66
34
32
1-1/4
L-1/2
-3 15 -11
-12
30 59 -9 22 19
n 69
14
-22
1
11
20
3/4
1-1/4
-3
27
18 25 11 4 39 1.6 Avg.
-22
5-
50 2-( m
47 36 . 38
1-1/2
E
21 -2 18 26
-30
32
-22 -b.]+
50 49 30 Avg.
108
Avg.
59
specimns;
hence,
NDI
is
~omw~t
hfgh~~
~~
Grade
Plate Thickws$, inches 3/4 1 l-5/8 1 1 to 1-1/2 1 to @2 1-1/4 3/4 1-1/4 1-1/2
4,1:4 9 4, 9 1.4
No. of Plates
ASSClsss c,
Nornmlized
.3 7 4
40 to 75
45 56 52
-23 -20 8 -7 to
-2 20 20 3 3 3 5.9 93 102
20
AM class c,
As-Rolled
11
12
29 Many
49 9 7 -1
-18 -8 -19to -4
-9 8 23
0.20 I(BX c,
37 9 ! 3 3 3
2 2
3
4 ?
1,(J 46 48
29
-25 -lo .1
19
22
38
3 3 3
2 2 2
2 2 3
-16 -lo -3 6
-2 2 ltov
43
-15 5 25*
2 2 3
*
9 u. 12
1948
518 ~. ~
l/2 to 1 3/4 3/4 1 1/2
ABS ClassB
u
2 2
9 IL
Many 17
4
6 19 76 39 11
2 (3/4) 2 (l) to 61
5 20 -12 to 2
30
25 28 29 25 * 46
65
81
5 11
4 35
1956 Am
11
f.b.ny
claEEA
3/k
4, 9
Mmy
Ass Ef+forc1948
-.
Reference2. ~Speciuen thickuem of l-inchgave 7 F NIYT. CorrectIon factorof 18 F added. ++s&what U& becauseO.3-inchdeflection was mea.
-21-
ternperature
of the experimental
plates
30 F.
magni-
qualities
by the V-notch
condition
requirement
of an average
15 ft- lb tempera-
ture no higher than 10 F. The low-blow Arsenal as-rolled on normalized product. V-notch 3\4-in. Charpy tests plates, were conducted tests by Watertown on
On the average,
temperatures
fairly
obtained
but in-
Comparison Table
of Transition
Temperatures transition and, temperatures for comparison, steel obtained for the previ-
steels heats
ABS steels.
of experimental
in the table.
tion temperatures the range indicates for full-thickness considerably ized Class
of averages
averages.
out of line are the -26 F average C steel and the 18 F 15 ft-lb of steel are involved
15 ft-lb
temperature
for as-rolled
in each instance,
appear to be much too high compared temperatures, Because the NDT values of this departure 15 ft-lb
agree
from apparently
V-notch
Charpy
temperatures
for as-rolled
ized Class
C steel
in the forthcoming
in Figs.
16 and
of steel.
-2280 70 60 b.
a :
wu
a Id n
50
40
~b~p 49 19
z u 1m , +
30 20
la c -Ic
-2C
-3C
IA + a
a a x
u
E g z
;
1
I
I
~!/2 3/4
PLATE
I
THICKNESS.
I 1-1/4
INCHES
1-1/2
I 1-3/4 .
AVERAGE V-NOTCH C HARPY TRANSITION TEMPERATUllES FOR EXPERIMENTAL AND ABS STEELS.
FIG 16.
slopes specific
because
data on
in plate thicknesses
up to approxi-
B steel
15 ft-lb
should be little
error involved
-23-
30~
ABS
BEFORE 1948 \ +
20
h. .
n z
J=% I
1956
-10
PRODUCTION
HEATS,
,/ ~ I
1/2
3/4
I
PLATE
1:1/4
THICKNESS,
1-1)2
INCHES
1-3/4
extrapolating
the re suits
to 1-in. experimental
15 ft-lb
temperatures in behavior
at a different
heats,
in practice
beof the
steel,
The as-rolled than the experimental is generally behavior. The normalized peratures
C steel
has appreciably
better
15 ft-lb Class
production
heats,
thicknesses
in. , exhibits
much-improved
experimental Class
steels C steel.
tem-
-24test, 1 l/4-in. B. Class C steel has slightly experimental poorer notch toughness production plate than 3/4-in.
1956 Class
The 1 1/4-in.
1956 Class
B; in fact,
B at equivalent is better
experimental
steel,
than normal-
Susceptibility re suits of the underbead-cracking in Table 13 as a function These 18. tests on the experimental equivalent,
are listed
of the carbon
results
Curves
experimental underbead
at equivalent
INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS In interpreting sults 25-ton obtained heats the test re suits, emphasis has been placed heats upon the re-
previously,
between
re suits
indicate
that a suitable
composition
requirements
se rnikilled
over 1 to 1-1/2
Charpy Tests The suitability, with respect to assess to notch toughne SS, because of this steel for cargoproc on
is difficult kinds
evaluations
of notch-toughness
tests.
and Williams
elude d that the ships would be virtually from plate with a maximum average ture of 10 F. On this basis, Fig.
fracture
15 ft-lb
Charpy transition
Heat A
Carbon Equivalent, TO* 0.33 0.35 0.34 0.30 0.37 0.43 0.37 0.35 0.43 0.47 0.43 0.42
Per Cent Underbead Cracking** (With E6010 Electrodes) Initial We ldinq Temperature,
o
0 0 0
70 0 0 1
212 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
3 8 23 2 1 56 27 23 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 7 21 6 0 0
3 9 3 0 53 32 27 5 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 14 22 8 0 4
16 3 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0
0.39 0.40 0.42 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.36 0.33 0.42 0.40 0.38 0.39 0.37 0.34
3/4 Top 3/4 Bottom 1-1/4 \ 1-1/2 3/4 1-1/4 1-1/2 3/4 1-1/4 1-1/2 equivalent = 7oC+ 70Mn/6.
*Carbon **Average
of five specimens.
~_+
!-1~
PRODUCTION
J
.-
.1
-+ q
-// Ad
,
.35
q q q
-..,. }0+
.25 .30
~m
01
; q
.40
q q
**
l +d4i :-Lq
.30
.35
.40
.45
,50
CARBON
(C~Mn/6)
FIG . 18: EFFECT OF CARBON EQUIVALENT ON UNDERBEAD CRAC~NG TENDENCY FOR EXPERIMENTAL AND OTHER STEELS
up to 1-1/4
in.,
inclusive.
B steel
is
the experimental
over 1/2 to
in.,
One-in.
ft-lb
temperature
of 10 or 15 F, and experience factory Williams for ship service. conclusion Emphasis service
that this
steel
is quite satis-
mentioned
Charpy 15 ft-lb
criterion
is based
upon the
performance
of World War II type ship plate. indicate that the Charpy impact
failures
needed
in service
the energy
a 15 ft-lb
-27V-notch Charpy impact requirement based upon the reasoning used in the analy the suitability to
drop-weight brittle
tests
have gained
increasing
as
failure
temperatures
in service,
have corresponded
to or have been higher than the temperatures in service. ~s Drop-weight tests provide
which failures ent relative by comparing the V-notch weight ft-lb test
have occurred
a differ-
evaluation Figs.
of steels
16 and 17.
in effect,
at NDT varies
performance,
level
is not necessarily
selecting
transition however,
First, specimen
increased
to grain size
As specimen
thickness
procedures
which is definitely
because
it is based
upon average
resulting
from a number of
observations, tests
may raise
some question
as in Fig. so.
of a 7-5/8 -in.-
pressure-vessel 6 x 7-5/8
x 60 in. is the same ( 130 F) as that for a specimen 1-1/2 x 3-1/2 x 14 in. of the same steel actual-
14 in.
A specimen
The length
to be influencing
results.
-28may not increase at the same time. In a recent permit initiation private publication, Pellini et all e point out that large flaws will In a with specimen thickness provided the test span is increased
of brittle
fracture
communication, -thick
for a l-1/2-in.
over a
This large flaw would permit crack and thus indicate are usually involved, a higher-thanPellini now tested span re will
relatively
to base
subsize tested
over a 4-in.
gardle ss of the original undoubtedly this approach First, considered. have no better comparable suitable plate be needed
Additional
large- scale
testing
to resolve
but it seems
in analyzing
the present
the full-thickness
drop-weight-test
re suits heats
It will be noted that the production toughness than 1956 Class Experience service, B steel
of experimental
as at 3/4 in.
indicates
B is quite
for cargo-ship
is about
It would therefore
no higher than 10. F for the experimental steel could not be used in any greater
the Class C steel is only slightly tougher than the Class B, and it appears it ! would have an average NDT of 10 F at a thickness of approximately 1- 3/8 in. No data are available over 1 in. , but it looks for the normalized ABS Class thickness C steel exceeds for Class (Fig. C in the normalized condition for thicknesses
17) as though a 10 F NDT would not be obtained thickness reached at least 1- 3/4 in.
product
-27weight test results, in. thick this seems to be the correct toughness. procedure to follow for plates howan
to develop
Based
normalizing
of Class
C steel
average
temperature
results
specimens
as advocated
the following
NDT values
for l-in.
specimens
are obtained: Grade Thickness, 1 1 to 1-1/2, 1 to 1-3/8, 1 to 1-1/2, in. incl incl incl steel NDT, F 10 10 to 15 -5to o -20 to-25 appears to have just about
1756 Class B Experimental steel ABS Class C (as-rolled) (norm) OrI this basis, sufficient nesses notch toughness to 1-1/2 in.
the experimental
C in thick-
An average
and the NDT for the experimental out, however, since, that 1956 Class at thicknesses
It should also
be suitable
in heavier
nesses
it exhibits
essentially be-
as the experimental
upon compositional
of the experimental
should be only 6 F lower than that of 1956 Class difference in these two steels is the Mn content,
was found to have a much less 15 ft- lb temperature. Tests on Normalized Normalized Plate steel
effect
Charpy
production
heats
according
-30-
The latter
observation Charpy
is surprising 15 ft-lb
for normalized
Class
temperature
according
experimental
of as-rolled
C steel.
the requirement
feature
in view of the fact that the Class in. thick. Actually, Class
condition
up to 1-3/8
presinthickbe-
C steel
of the semiskilled,
Over 1- 3/8-in.
would be better
however, would up to
that either
Class
C or the normalized
steel
in thicknesses
1 3/4 in. Transition Temperatures gave high transition by the crackwere, temperatures explosion that were well tests. The
The van der Veen tests above the FTE values determined
starter
van der Veen transition than the NDT values, NDT for 3/4-in. plate
temperatures whereas
on the average,
about
70 F higher
specimens). arresting
good correlation
with crack
in wide plate
propagation
the low-blow
transition
is the same as the van der show appreciable scatter for re-
comparisons
There are too few data to draw any conclusions re suits. agree fairly
B steel
temperature.
explosion-te
-31data are lacking for as-rolled Class C, but; assuming a 40 F difference be-
tween FTE and NDT, the FTE would be about 45 F or the same as that for the experimental steel. comparative C steel data available, in the as-rolled it thus appears that condition cracks steels would have
ability
in the normalized
condition
(arresting
Underbead
would be about O. 35 and the maxiwould be O. 43. precautions Winterton~4 are generally points advisa-
upon these
data indicate
exceeds
Figure
18 certainly
Welding
precautions
the average
are about
of the differ-
in Mn contents. C steel.,
would not seem necessary to verify this conclusion cracking established obtained. Actual
for Class
Experimental
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS V-notch of an as-rolled Mn content steel Charpy and drop-weight semiskilled steel tests were conducted on seven heats to 1. 35% C
containing
to determine
its suitability
as a substitute
Class
in thicknesses
over 1 in.
-32Based upon the Harr s-Williams Cha~py 15 ft-lb brittle fracture temperature in ships, conclusion that an average virtual V-notch freedom from in plate temperature ABS Class
thicknesses
up to 1-1/4
From Fig.
plate is slightly
but about 20 F worse than that of 1 l/4-in. The V-notch Charpy 15 ft-lb temperature
N13T
do not,
however,
evaluations
arid it is
appropriate
into consideration
drop-weight-test steel
specimens,
B and 15 F worse than that of l-1/4-in. steel would not quite have sufficient substitute for as-rolled
a suitable
ABS Class
in thicknesses
l-in.
-thick
drop-weight-test
specimens
as advocated steel
by
small flaws,
ABS Class
should have just about sufficient stitute for Class C steel steel
thicknesses,
that Class
would be sufficiently
tough to use in
up to 1-1/2 of these
in. , inclusive. contradictory indications from the different of the same test, as a substitute is difficult nqtcha firm confor ABS in this intempera -
interpretations steel
in transition
Development
of a small-scale in notchtesting
that could properly as se SS such refinements for comparison, suitable large- scale
toughness
behavior
will require,
-33that would simulate Normalizing by all test Class steel steel, criteria, behavior in service. steel provides suitable notch toughness over as-rolled experimental Class C
the experimental
but there would be no ec onorriic advantage however, that the normalized substitute in.
C steel.
It does appear,
would be a suitable
and economical
could, might
however,
a favorable
C for thicknesses
for thicknesses
over 1- 3/8 in. are based upon notch-toughness comparative test that in this
as ABS Class
limits
in. thick. Welding precautions might be needed for the experimental This would involve steel when
the use of
electrodes
when welding
with cellulose-coated
A substantial drop-we ight test thickness than those that further most suitable ance of plates
effect
of specimen
thickness
so-called plate
normalization
specimens of 3/4-in.
specimens
to determine service
for evaluating
the actual
perform-
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Acknowledgment through whom the test is given to the following data were developed organizations and people program:
in this c operative
Naval Research
Corporation
Watertown
Arsenal
- J. F. Driscoll
REFERENCES 1. Harris, W. J., Jr., and Williams, Clyde, An Interpretive Report on the Metallurgical and Economic Aspects of Shi~Steels and Their Relation to . Ship Failures (Ship Structure Committee Report Serial No. SSC-80), Washington: National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, August 15, 1956. (This repofi also appears in Metal Progress, April 1959, pp. 66-71). Vanderbeck, R. W., Improved Notch Touqhness Q Experimental Semiskilled Steels over One Inch in Thickness (Ship Structure Committee Report Serial . No. SSC-101), Washington: National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, August 1, 1956. (This report also appears in The Weld. ~ 3. _ R@s@arch Supplem@nt~ JMNJarY 1958! PP. 10-S--20-S)
2.
A. J. , Normalization Puzak, P. P., and Babecki, Procedures for NRL Drop-Weight, The Welding Journal? Research Supplement, 38:5, pp. 209-s-219-s (May 1959). Puzak, P. P., and Pellini, W. S., Evaluation of the Significance of Charpy Tests for Quenched and Tempered Steels, The Welding Journal, 35:6, pp. 275-s-290-s (June 1956). Research Supplement, ?tibembo, E. A., and Ginsberg, F., Notch-Toughness Properties of ShipPlate Steel as Evaluation b~ the van der Veen Notched Slow-Bend Test . . . . (Ship Structure Committee Report Serial No. SSC - 108), Washington: National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, August 31, 1959. C. E., The Low-Blow Orner, G. M., and Hartbower, Proc. ASTM, vol. 58, p. 623 (1958). tures, Voldrich, -J G. B., Research Cold Cracking s~@@ment~ Transition Tempera-
4.
5.
6.
7.
in the Heat-Affected Zone, The Welding 26:3, pp. 153-s-169-s (March 1947). of Test-
8.
Armstrong, T. N., and Warner, W. L., Low Temperature Transition Normalized Carbon-Manganese Steels, ASTM Sumposium on Impact ing (Special Publication No. 176), pp. 40-58, June 27, 1955.
-359. Brown, D. P., Naval Architects Problems with Ship Plate, Proc. (Regional Technical Meetings), pp. 591-612, 1957. E. A., der Veen Notched Slow-Bend Van Steel Plate (Report for SSC Project SR- 141, Project Naval Shipyard, October 7, 1960.
Imbembo,
AISI
10.
11.
Imbembo, E. A., and Gabriel, J. J., Investigation of the Notch-Toughness Properties of ABS ~ Plate Steels (Ship Structure Committee Report Serial No. SSC- 142), Washington: National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, October 1, 1962. Staugaitis, C. L., Mill Sampling Techniques for Quality Determination Ship Steel Plate (Ship Structure Committee Rep~t Serial No. SSC - 141), Washington, D. C.: National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, February 28, 1962. Puzak, P. P., Schuster, M. E,, and Pellini, W. S., Applicability of Charpy Test Data, The Weldinq Journal, Research Supplement, 33:9, pp. 433-s--441-s (September 1954). Winterton, K., Weldability Prediction from Steel Composition Heat-Affected Zone Cracking, The Welding Journal, Research 40:6, pp. 253-s-258-s (June 1961). to Avoid Supplement, of
12.
13.
14.
15.
Puzak, P. P., Babecki, A. J., and Pellini, W. S., Correlations of BrittleFracture Service Failures with Laboratory Notch- Ductility Tests, The Welding Journal, Research Supplement, 37:9, pp. 391- s--41 O-s (September 1958). Pellini, W. Washington: S., Steele, L. E., and Hawthorne, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, J. R., (Report 5780), April 17, 1962.
16.
17.
Boulger, F. W., and Hansen, W. R., The Effect of Metallurgical Variables in Ship-Plate Steels on the Transition Temperatures in the Drop-Weight and . Charpy V-Notch Tests (Ship Structure Committee Report Serial No. SSC- l=), Washington, D. C. : National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, (to be published). Mosborg, R. J., Behavior g Riveted and Welded Structure Committee Report Serial No.~SC - 122), National Academy of Sciences-National Research 1960. Crack Arrestors (Ship Washington, D. C.: Council, August 31,
18.
-36TABLE A-1 USS V-NOTCH CHARPY IMPACT TEST RESULTS ON AS -ROLLED EXPERIMENTAL STEEL
Test Temp, Rest A
1 Inch
Enemv - Absorbed, Ft-lb
MA
Shear
5 Faergy Mmorbed, Ft-lb
Inch Shear
Fracture, $
Fracture,
Emeruv
F 60 40
30 20 10 0 -20 -30 -40 -60 1L4
Ft-lb
135,34,92 109,23,39
10-(
105,105
15,10,30 10,5,5
3-20,120,120 .W,80,G3 120,116,114 80,70>75 lW ,109,111 65,60,62 45,45,35 72,67,22 10,79,21 20,35,25 20,25,10 9,47,8 5,15,5 5,54,9 6,5,5 5,5,5
72,79,82 49,74,55 41,55,57 41,42,40 42,37,38 16,13.,21 11,7,13 5,4,10 69>66,53 70,44,53 51,50,44
70,80,80 50,65,& 50,55,55 45,45,45 30,30,30 .15,15,15 10,10,10 5,5,10 70,70,70 80,6Q,6Q 55,55,55
mu
85 80
63,76,fa
60 40 30 20 0 -lo
-20 -40
77,82, ~ 62,61,61 47,53,49 34,16,33 ~9,25,26 13,8,11 1.0,8,9 5,3,6 96>90>99 87,110,93 66,83,68 61,50,31 9,5L47 1.6,3LJ13 40,4,7,9, 25,38 5>7 6,6,5
70,75,70 @,@,55 50,50,50 40,35,4C 30,30,25 10,15,10 15,15,15 5,5,5 75,75,85 65,70,70 50,50,40 35,30,30 20,25,25 15,20,15 20,10,10,5, 10,10 5,5 5,5,5
42,44,45 37,23,30
I-2,13,23 7,6,9
4,4,5 66,73,63 59,66,67 49>44,38 50,40, ~8 40,47,42 31,25,23 10,21,7 8,~3>7,9, 7,8 4,6,7 85,57,63 58,49,64 41,49,38 37,37,36 37,18,29
16,11,13 7,11,9 12,17,7>6,
100
80 60 c 30 20 K! o -10
-20
65,60,50 55,60,50
55,35,6o 20,20,25
129,100,104 100,80,85 90,107,120 60,75,100 70,60,55 104, ,57 8ti 78,1-(,93 8k,67,16 8,10,29 7,41,46 13,6,8
55,30, P 60,40,25 15,20,20 15,20,20 10,10,10
y3;&
30,
10,10,10,5, 5,5 5,5>5 80,75,70 60,55>60 50,50,45 45,45,50 35>25,25 10,15,15 5,10,10 5,5,5,5, 5,5 5,5,5
.30 -40
E 100 80
5,5>5,5
139,125,117 90,8Q,80 130,123,107 80,8Q,EJ3 126,114,125 75,65,75 110,89,113 91,42,49 10,51,19 10,11,12 6~,;7,7,8 3,5,5
65,60,65 50,35,35
15,20,15 15,15,10 25,10,5,10,
116,105,128 85,70,100 65,60,65 97,79,85 80,66,97 51,11,34 77,14, U 10,7,13 12,21,9 11>6,15 8,5j5 5,3,3 50,45,60
30,25,30 50,35,30 20,20,20 15,10,15 io,lo,5 10,5,5 5,5,5
8#,58,87 ~7,57>65 72,88,78 20,40,61 41,15,67 26,16,67 17,13,11 11,10>10 6>7,7 5,6,4
70,65,70 80,70,60 60,95,70 40,45,50 50,4a,60 35, ~,50 30,30,25 30,30,30 10,10,10 5,5>5
10,10 5,5,5
7,9 4,3,4
-37-
Heat
F
Test Temp, F
Enerfw
Abeo&d, Ft-lb E8,94,95 82,85,@8 6T,81,75 E0,47,37 56,44,48 39,42,28, 13,26 3U,11,14 15,6,31 5,4,8 89,92,94 86,m,83 68,70,& ZZ%:E 20,50,30 21,35,~ ;:;:;15
1-1/4
Inch
*T=
Absorbed, R-lb 112)11.5 u8, 107,105 5@,95,m 79,84,91 83,25, w 25,48,15 U2,10, I4 lb,8,7 5,6,4 103, U7, llk 105, lca la, 94 .%9,76,92 37,95,9 71,&,40 16,19,14 5,5,6 4,3,3
EUlear
Fracture,
$
95>9, W
80,75,75 50,70,63 20,20,20 45,40,40 35,35,w,~o 15,10 20,20,20 50,47,45
$
AW,93 99,W,5Q
85>75,75 P,70,T3 4oJ40,4a w,30, y 23,23,20 10,10,10 5,5,5 103,93,$6 a5,w,w 85,70,& 55,65,65 W,50,5Q 45,45,45 m,a,m 10,10,10 5>5,5
140
MO
100
7-&
WOJ90 95,93>P 70>70,W 60,63,6a $:$:$ 20,23,x! 15,15,15 10,10,10 ~,m3,1cQ 93,85 75>~ &,55,a J+o,65,ti 35>35,25 m,20,20 15,15,15 10,10,10
3~
92,92, y? $,9J+,9 91,83,8!3 78,63,63 39,31,29 23,17,18 13,11,12 6,6,6 3,3,4 116,1m,5@ la, 104,103 108,61,92 39,70,7~ 27,27,21
18,19,16
0
-10 -20
140
120 % 40
20
a
0
-20
g ll;12
3;4,3
-38TABLE A-2 WATERTOWN ARSENAL V-NOTCH CHARPY IMPACT-TEST ON NORMALIZED EXPERIMENTAL STEEL
3/4 Inch
Test
RESULTS
1-1/2 Inch Shear
Fracture, %
1-1/4
Energy
Inch
Temp,
Heat F
Energy Absorbed,
Shear Fracture, %
F&lb
Shear Fracture, $
Energy Absorbed,
m-lb
100
192 200
100
139
100
179 141
40,100,100 25,100,~oo
100 100
20 20,10,15,15 20,5,5,10 0
0
0
176 158
131 138 121 127 ~06 69 44,42 18,12,5 4 3 138 113 M 101,82
100
100
85 85 65 20 10,10 5,5,5 5 0 100 90 100 75,65 65,60 45,65 65 45 25 20,25,50 50,40 35,10
7,8,3 4
7 2
100
95,87 39,97
68
59
100
45
30,30
18,113,97 To
6
30,80,65 40
15
65
40
15
20,10,15,15 10,15
25,25 10,10,15,15
10 0
5
5 0
break--stopped Pendulum.
3 2
5 0
GPo
940457
Chairman: J. R. Low, Jr-;. - :,:. ,> .... Metallur.gy and Ceramics General.Electric C( .,.
vice-
Presi$.en
A. R. Lytle Director