Biomedical Waste

Biomedical waste 1. What are you understand with term of waste? 2. Who many types of waste? 3. What is Biomedical waste? 4. Classification of Biomedical waste? 5. Colour coding of Biomedical waste according MCI? 6. Storage or segregation of Biomedical waste? 7. Treatment of Biomedical waste? 8. Transportation of Biomedical waste? 9. Disposal of Biomedical waste? 10. Biomedical waste act? 11 Aware to Biomedical waste According NABH The Hospital Authorized prescribed authority for management and Handling of Biomedical waste 2. Proper Segregation of Biomedical waste from the patient care areas and how? 1. 3. Biomedical waste storage and treatment and transportation?

Biomedical Waste Rules 1998

In 28th July 1998, ministry of environment & forest specified the guidelines on biomedical waste disposal that stressed on    Segregation Collection and Storage Disinfection Disposal

BMW Rules have been adopted and notified with the objective to stop the indiscriminate disposal of hospital waste/ bio-medical waste and ensure that such waste is handled without any adverse effect on the human health and environment. Waste: Any items or things for which the immediate owner can find no use. Biomedical waste: Any waste which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals in research activities is called biomedical waste.

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Biomedical Waste Rules 1998 o Biomedical waste should not be mixed with other wastes o Segregated into containers/bags at the point of generation and labeled by generators of waste. o Transport of untreated biomedical waste in authorized vehicle o No storage of untreated biomedical waste beyond 48 hours Local Municipal body to pick and transport segregated non biomedical solid waste and duly treated biomedical wastes for disposal at municipal dump site Need for Hospital Waste Management Control nosocomial disease Reduce community exposure Reduce HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis transmission Control zoonoses (infections from animals) Prevent illegal repacking and resale Avoid negative long term health effects e.g. cancer from the environmental release of toxic substances e.g. mercury 7. Waste in mans environment constitute a positive health hazard particularly the hospital refuge. 8. Organic portion of solid waste ferments and favors fly breeding. 9. Garbage attracts rats. 10. Flies and dust can convey pathogens to men. 11. Air pollution 12. Water pollution. 13. Street urchins handling the refuge spread diseases 14. Increasing need of using disposable materials in health care sector 15. Increasing awareness of & concern for environment protection 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Classification of Hospital Waste 1. General waste 2. Pathological waste 3. Radioactive waste 4. Chemical waste Distribution of Hospital Waste ` ` ` ` ` 80% - general, non hazardous waste. 15% - pathological and infectious waste. 1% - sharps waste. 3% - chemical or pharmaceutical waste. 1% - others.

5. 6. 7. 8.

Infectious waste Sharps Pharmaceutical waste Pressurized waste

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Segregation o o o o Wastes should be segregated and clearly labeled at source. A system of colour code for containers and types of wastes should be followed. Properly covered containers preferably foot operated ones .

Handling of Waste         Should be handled by trained persons. Suitable personal protective clothing and equipments. Proper sealing of polybags and covering of waste containers. Proper labeling of containers. Precautions to avoid spilling and leakage. Hygienic wash after waste handling. Vaccination of waste handlers for HBV & TT. Disposable items to be shredded to avoid reusing / recycling.

Transportation of Waste ` ` ` ` ` ` ` By means of wheeled trolleys, containers or carts not used for any other purpose. Easy to load, secure and unload. Free from sharp edges. Easy to clean, disinfect & drain. Labeled with bio-hazard symbol. Separate vehicle for clinical & general waste. Details of type of waste & disposal, date, time & person responsible be recorded.

Storage of waste The holding of bio medical waste for such period, at the end of which wastes is treated and dispose of. 1. Interior storage at the point of generation in color coded containers 2. Central storage waste bags are stored until collection for transport to an off side treatment is scheduled for final disposal Recommended duration of store: 48 hrs: in winters 24 hrs: in summers

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Recommendation of Storage Facilities ` ` ` ` ` ` Storage area impermeable, hard floor with good drainage, easy to clean & disinfect. Easy access for waste collection vehicles and staff incharge. Inaccessible for unauthorized persons, animals, birds & insects. Good lighting but protection from sun. Situated away from kitchen and food stores. Supply of cleaning equipments, protective clothing and waste bags located closely.

Off site Transportation ` ` ` ` Waste transportation from central storage area to site of final disposal Separate vehicle for clinical and general waste and with hard top. A consignment note to accompany vehicle. Sealed bags or containers should have label with particulars :waste category, : Date of generation, : Place in hospital (ward) : date of collection : Waste description : Waste destination, senders name with contact no. Modes of Disposal  Recycling  Disposal under regulated conditions  Disposal in the form of garbage  Deep Burial

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