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Arch Fourth Year Research Report Comparative Analysis of Human Thermal Comfort: Mbarak Hinawy Rd & Cathedral Road (Mombasa) Project 4.5.0 2009 / 2010
Contents
Introduction Climatic Analysis Moi International Airport Meteorogical Station (Analysis of Data) Analysis of Mbarak Hinawy Road Street Facade Character Individual Building Analysis Analysis of Cathedral Road Street Facade Character Individual Building Analysis Comparative Analysis Conclusions Acknowledgements
Missing: -3 buildings from old town -3 buildings from Cathedral Road -Comparative Analysis -Panorama/Street facade character for both streets -Conclusions NB: Some headings can be clicked to go to the respective page
3 4 7 8 9 54 55 68 72 73
Introduction
- Global Horizontal Radiation is said to be the sum of direct and diffuse through atmosphere and clouds) radiation only - Direct Normal Radiation is radiation directly from the sun - Diffuse Radiation is radiation that has been scattered through atmosphere and clouds
The graph above shows the daily diurnal temperature changes (for each month). It compares dry and wet Bulb temperatures. As noted earlier this kind of climate has a diurnal variation of about 5 C between the dry bulb temperatures during the day and during the night. Also juxtaposed alongside this is the analysis of the daily radiation levels and how they vary throughout the year. Due to the high levels of radiation, the planning of Old Town Mombasa uses narrow streets to minimize heat gain from radiation. This also allows relief to the users of the streets as it is usually 5-10C cooler than unshaded areas.
Wind prevails from North Easterly and South Easterly directions. These monsoon winds vary with the sea-land breeze during the day and land-sea breezes during the night. The land-sea breeze is around 1-2m/s whereas the sea-land breeze is around 4-8m/s. The daily average is around 3-4m/s.
Heights The building has four floors which are partialy stepped to conform with the slope of the site. However, the changes in heights at different points makes the building fall out of place as compared to others in the area. Surface finishes The facade is predominantly plastered and painted. Few sections are however done in wood and painted. ARCHITECTURAL
2 meter high column, diameter 300mm at the base and 250mm at the top
3000mm wide by 2500mm height grating Glass panes arranged in patterns timber casement window. 1200mm wide, 1500mm high with a 40mm frame. Painted timber frame
Glass pane
SPATIAL
The entire bulding is 14,500mm wide The building is five storeys high, with a storey height of Approximately 3000mm with the ground floor being about 5000mm high
Coral rag, cement, lime plaster, mud & wa brick facing. ordered;-use of glass
FLOORS
CEILING
Cream The verandah floor is finished with terrazo. & green on the 1st and
The exterior wall is a 400mm thick coral stone, Finished with plaster and a white paint render.
Corner Window.
FLOORS
Smooth
Dark brown
Smooth White CEILING The entrance is articulatedpaintuse of a cantilevered by whitewash CANOPY. LANDSCAPING Hard landscape is used all round due to high human and has been To conform to the street character an attemptvehicular trac.Materials used are cabro blockroad & lime plaster on steps. Made to have the extended balcony at level with the Neighbouring buildings. Also by use of narrow vertical WINDOW SIZE DOOR SIZE Windows.
Can Canopy at the Entrance. Wood Entrance Door (Swahili with Arabic mo
A)coral rubble in lime motar B)lime plaster work 2)ROOF A)Galvanised iron sheets B)black paint on fascia
3)BALCONY A)Balustrade made of curved mvule painted white B)Brackets made of hardwood mvule timber 3)WINDOWS A)Steel burglar proofing at entry painted black INTERNAL 1)Floor Cement screed and PVC tiles
louvred timber panel windows +5300 intricately decorated balustrade painted white +4000 intricately curved timber brackets painted black 400mm deep niche on wall metallic windows painted black
SPATIAL
Character of Building Facades. The building is a single storey that has a double-pitched roof with gable ends. Because of the use of the building, it has been positioned away from the main street (behind the other buildings). Consequently, there is minimal decoration the facades. The window are rectangular and are all uniform in size. Surface Finishes. The facade was initially nished by use of a smooth lime based plaster. However, degradation of the surface nish has left the walling material bare and hence there have been attempt to use motar to plaster the facades. Metalic burglar proong added on wooden panel windows. Heights. In comparison with the other surrounding buildings, it is genarally shorter because its has a single level. However, its oor to ceiling height of 4500mm is generally higher than the adjuscent buildings. This could be because of the large volume required for storage goods. Orientation The warehouse building has the longer axis oriented in the North-South orientation
WALLS
FLOORS
FLOORS
Coral rag, cement, lime plaster, mud & wa Lime plaster Texture Colour used as nish. Smooth on the higherbrick facing. Cream & green on the 1st and Ceiling Surface nish levels, i.e 1st & 2nd ConstrucMaterial 2nd shops on the ground oor Floors oor. respec Rough on the ground Ceramicupto about 900mm Cement Screed. level Coral rag, cement, lime Lime white wash. due to chapping and Timber,cement,plaster & wire mesh. Lime white wash. surfaceplaster. dierent textures. Smooth Dark brown
Cement Screed. Cement Screed. IronWhite on wooden trusses Sheets
CEILING CEILING/ROOF Coral lime stone has been used to costruct the walls. LANDSCAPING
Window & door frame, sash frame and panel all made of solid wood. Additional metalic burglar proong Hard landscape is used all round due to high human and vehicular trac.Materials used are cabro has been added.
1.980
WINDOW SIZE
DOOR SIZE
Texture Height=approx. 1800mm Width=approx. 1400mm Relatively Smooth NB:AllWALLS are same windows in size.
SUNSHADING ELEMENTS
FLOORS
Relatively Smooth
2.000
2.100 0.400
9.500
Latest interventionof motar plaster on the degraded surfaces of the walls
2.500
4.500
0.160
3.400
Gutters and downpipe as drain for water from the roof to the storm water drain below.
Hardwood panel door as entrance door to one of the residential units Steel plate and h.s entrance door to detail
4.800
0.150
1800mm high steel casement window placed 600mm above current storey with a curved top to mimic islamic fenestration along the whole facade
1951
DALAL HOUSE
3.400
SPATIAL
Character of Building Facades . in tems of character , the building is taller than the adjacent buildings rising to three storeys as compared to the rest which rise to only two. The windows and doors all read as one due to the treatment by use of the islamic arch over the top. In terms of facade articulation, all the windows are aligned vertically and the same applies also to the doors. The doors are uniform in size but different in articulation given their different treament.ons are symetrically ordered with the main entry door and balcony access Surface Finishes. The facade is entire and is finished by use of smooth plaster. The renders used for the ground floor are differentiated in terms of colour but are of similar consistency, i.e. they are lime based renders. Heights. In comparison to other facades on this street, it is of greater height(3 stories). Windows are of the same height and width. Arches above the windows and doors decrease in size floor to floor with the 2nd floor having the smallest arches Orientation: The street facing facade is generally oriented eastwest.
Decorative carving on the lamu door . Representative of wealth and is suitable only for shop front entrances.
25.718
Entrance wicket gate to the side and to the vertical ciculation i.e the vertical staircase.
Decorative carving over the entrance to the business premise i.e the curio shop. The same type of Lamu door carving is typical of Bussiness premises.
SURFACE FINISH WALLS Lime white wash. Ceramic tiles. Lime plaster used as finish. Ceiling Floors Ceramic tiles. Lime white wash. Texture Smooth on the higher levels, i.e 1st & 2nd floor. Rough on the ground level upto about 900mm due to chapping and different surface textures. Smooth Smooth paint whitewash
CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Coral rag, cement, lime plaster, mud & wattle& brick facing.
Steel compartment for the foldable roller steel garage door. Metallic flat section wound decoration which is typical of swahili fenestration
FLOORS CEILING
Cement Screed. Timber,cement,plaster & wire mesh. Colour Cream & green on the 1st and 2nd shops on the ground floor respectively
as
WALLS
25mm door
wide
frame
to
the
steel
FLOORS
165mm high entrance steps treads to the
CEILING
LANDSCAPING Hard landscape is used all round due to high human and vehicular traffic.Materials used are cabro blockroad & lime plaster on steps. WINDOW SIZE Height=approx. 1800mm Width=approx. 1400mm NB:All windows are same in size. SUNSHADING ELEMENTS DOOR SIZE Height=approx. 2400mm Width=approx. 1800mm NB:All doors are double doors.
Metallic flat section baluster. Pattern on false pillar articulating the side entrance. Metallic flat section wound decoration which is typical of swahili fenestration
Recessed window and door openings by approx. 200mm. Shade created due to the height of adjacent and opposite buildings.
slab
as
WICKET GATE AT THE SIDE OF THE BUILDINGASACCESSTOVERTICAL CIRCULATION MOULDING DESIGN ON PERIPHERAL WALL AND STAIR BALUSTRADE
7700mm Timber Framed Casement windows Timber Balcony built using Teak imported from India Carved Timber Balustrades
5000mm
500mm Thick Coral block wall with lime plaster and paint 1000mm Stone Base carved from one piece D-01 Column Base
50
50
700
D-01
145
50
50 50
1,800
50
915
700
50
65
90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
65
50
9mm Dia. Steel Rods 50mm x 75mm Timber Frame Inward opening Timber Casement Windows
85 90 70 625 90 625 70 90 1,660 Recent Steel Mesh screen door(usually left open)
695
70
90 2,245 3,185
D-02
Detail of Window, Column Base, Wooden Balustrades and Fascia Board 1:20 Images of Detaied areas: Brass Knockers, Windows, Column Capital and base, Wooden Balustrades, Fascia Board and Door
Concrete Steps
CONTEXTUAL This is a fairly old building, about 150 years (Source: one of the neighbours). It exhibits none of the characteristic features of an old Town architecture. Though the building has balconies and wooden doors and windows, they are sordidly out of touch with the glorious treatment old details in Old Town. The building in study is one of those that face the ocean directly and are accessed way off the Mbarak Hinawy Street. The building was originally used for residential purposes and is still being used for the same. The street is empty throughout the day i.e. very little activity goes on the area is quiet at night. SPATIAL CHARACTER OF BUILDING FACADES Height Ground floor height is about 3.5m while first and second floor are also 3.5m in height, but the building is about 8- 8.5 m high. Street geometry The facade as a whole takes an orthogonal form that been enhanced by the shape that the individual windows, door and balcony take. The orientation of most doors, windows and balconies directly face the ocean. Different levels of privacy needed have been achieved, before you get to the building is a fence, the entry to the house is burglar proofed and most doors to the outside are permanently sealed. ARCHITECTURE The building is a single story, and looks different from the buildings on the Mbarak Hinawy Street, has a private dwelling feel and is enhanced with the presence of a chain link fence and burglar proofing on the veranda at the ground floor. Walls The walls are made of masonry and finished with cement based plaster. This has then been painted cream. The floor has been finished with cement and red oxide. Timber The main type of wood used is the Teak from India .The wood has been used on the doors and windows. Landscaping Features The building faces the sea front. Vegetation includes variations of palm trees and others. Features include a drainage channel running along the edge of the building and Mazeras paved pedestrian walkway. The street is paved using Cabro Interlocking concrete blocks.
6,000
9,500
SIDE ELEVATION
Sea Level
3,000
12,500
FRONT ELEVATION
Timber Door
4,900
7,600
3,000
BACK ELEVATION
40
40
60
60 40 60 340 340
60
40
WINDOW
40
60
900
60
40
300
6800
1,000
300mm high concrete crenellations. Islamic influence. Timber louvred windows with corrugated iron sheet overhang as sun-shading supported by timber brackets that have been nailed together. Recessed balcony overlooking the ocean
-The building is situated directly opposite the site. It lies on one side of the road that slips in from Mbarak Hinawy. and is used as a residential apartment of sorts. It houses 10 tenants on the first floor onwards, the ground floor is currently unoccupied. The building has a courtyard on the western side, and acts as the main residential entrance location. -The building doesnt have a lot of activity going on within its compound. On its immediate exterior, however, there is a public space that has been landscaped and stepped down to the ocean, and it acts as a buffer as well as a social gathering space. :-The building has been constructed with coral stone, which is a material that is common within old town Mombasa. The windows are a mix of timber panels, timber louvres, glass louvres and panels. Due to security risks, there are steel grills that have been put up on the ground floor windows. There are two entrances. The buildings orientation maximizes on the views into the ocean
Coral stone with lime plaster work in disrepair. Basic landscaping has been done on side of the road.
Concrete crenelations give the building a islamic character giving the building a 'home base' within the immediate surroundings.
Egg crate wall, with different shapes the wall has shards of glass on the top side to act as theft deterrent.
This platform is within the private premises of the building the residents of the building keep to themselves, and the gate is almost always locked with no activity being visible from the outside. Coral stone retaining wall with weepers at 900mm from the top, These drain the platform that serves the private residence. This platform is part of the area of land set out for the public and is thus frequented by the public.
900 4,650
Indian Ocean, coral stone protects the retaining wall from the direct hit from the waves that would otherwise cause damage to the retaining wall.
2,100
4,540
The building has 2 facades that are exposed to public view, Main entrance door, intricately designed with islamic influences. I) The street facade ii) The ocean facing facade. The street facade has been treated with coral render and plaster, unfortunately that facade has been left derelict and due to the organic nature of the materials used on the wall, discolouration due to moss has occurred. The facade has three different sets of windows on all three levels, the window heights are not proportional to the widths, as is with most of the residential houses in and around Old Town, Mombasa. The windows vary from timber shutters, to glass panels that have steel grills. These grills are common on the ground floor windows. -These windows have been irregularly placed in terms of height from finished ground floor level. Hence the facade is not symmetrical. -The ocean side facade has symmetry, and character. Doric columns have been placed on the ground level. They bulge in the middle and have a space of 6,600mm between each other. They have stone bases and tops, that have not been designed are basically simplistic. They rise 4,500mm high and support a cantilever that houses the top 2 floors. The overhang then becomes the defining element for the entrance, that has been raised 4 steps high at 220mm riser heights. The door has been intricately designed as with most houses that ascribe to Islamic culture. The section shows the width of the verandah.
1,500
3,280
2,673
900
CONTEXTUAL/ FUNCTIONAL Building Location The building is a 3 storey development located along MBARAK HINAWY ROAD, on the southern side towards the ocean. The building has its main facade facing the main street. The general orientation of the building is N and S; The longer facades are towards the east and west while the short facades are towards the north and south. The main access for the building is through MBARAK HINAWY ROAD, which is a fairly busy street with a mixture of commercial and residential activity. The immediate neighbours for the building include the famous Mombasa hotel, the swahili cultural institute (on the opposite side of Mbarak Hinawy) and the mandhri mosque to the far right. SPATIAL Building Height The building height is averagely 11m, with the ground floor going up to 4.0 m, the first storey is 3.5m and the second storey going up to 3.5 m. The roof extends to a height of 2.0 m. The height of the ground floor is a response to the hot humid climate at the coast; to give enough headroom for natural cooling and ventilation. The building is raised off the main street leve by around 600mm and is accessed by stone steps which also act as seats for relaxation during the day. Building Usage The ground floor hosts business activities like the beauty parlour and curio shop. The first floor and second floor purely residential and is accessed from the alleway on the leading to the ocean. The balconies form an important area for outdoor activities during the day. They are also used for drying wet laundry.
Stone steps at the main entrance; keeps off storm water at street level
GALVANISED
2.000
NEW CONSTRUCTION
BALCONY
3.000
CORAL STONE PRE DOMINANTLY USED 600MM PROTRUDING CANOPY LIME PLASTER SURFACE FINISH TRIPLE SASH CASEMENT WINDOWS
0.500
MBARUK HINAWY
3.000
4.000
BUTTRESES
1.600
2.100
DECORATED
VERTICAL WALLING
2.200
BARAZA
0.600 0.900 3.000
EARTH
steps in front of the door, used for sitting during the day
DETAILS
Triangular butress
R.C structural concrete pillars supporting the roof above Door opening to the balcony with ventilation louvres to detail Wire mesh on balustrade-rusty and assumes a rustic surface finish Balustrades to detail Wooden cross beams Concrete beams
The Arab-Swahili door to detail The indian neo-classical door to detail Pilaster to detail
PLANTER
0.050
0.050
Decorative motiffs floral motiffs, photo illustrated Engravings Wooden door leafs with less decorative elements Wooden frame with decorative floral motiffs
LOCKING MECHANISM
0.050
0.170
0.540
0.140
0.580
0.170
0.050
INDIAN NEO-CLASSICAL DOOR Has little decoration on it with quite alot of geometric qualities
0.070
2.230
Door leafs patterned with regular square wooden panes 10mm radius nodes for fastening the wooden panes
FLORAL MOTIFFS ON THE ARAB-SWAHILI DOOR ARAB-SWAHILI DOOR Consist of a rope or chain motif running along the frame heavily carved lintel with abstract floral, geometric and linear patterns
0.070
0.020 0.050
0.180
0.070
0.180
0.020 0.050
0.180
0.070
0.180
0.070
0.070
2.230
LOCKING MECHANISM
R 0.680
Concrete floral motiff Concrete Swahili arch Capital of pilaster with a recessive pattern 75mm by 25mm wooden vertical members 10mm radius fastener cross metal plates Vertical grooves
PILASTERS Concrete pilasters placed on both sides of opening, decorated with grooves running vertical and recessions at capitals, and flanging bases, painted white
0.225
0.225
0.440
0.510
0.025
1.870
0.260
0.050
1.000
0.050
0.310
0.115
Base of Pilaster
Entrance to the well A cross section of the mould on the pediment texture on lime plaster shaped to mimic masonry keys
CONTEXTUAL, SPATIAL & FUNCTIONAL STUDIES Built sometimes after old Mandhry Mosque which was built in 1507. Exact date of construction is not known. The well was used for domestic water needs as well as for ablution purposes before entering the mosque. It is currently not in use. a recent water tank is found just near it The well is just ext to old Motco headquarters. The well was used for water provision although currently it is not into use. The structure houses the actual well so that water is still kept clean. Several water taps are also integrated into it from where water after being pumped and transferred to the tank can be transferred. The well was most important in old times, few wells still remain in od town Mombasa. Its positioning next to the Mosque defines the area even more as a public space where even women can meet to draw water as men walk to the mosque. However, the space is still constricted to form a good open space and an iron gate makes the space seem unfriendly for maximum social interaction. The space however is an important landmark in old town. ARCHITECTURAL Construction material is coral stone finished with coral lime plaster as in most old buildings in old town. It is painted white. The motifs and the decoration moulds are all done in plaster. The architectural style for the well that is very common in old town draws heavily from classical style with a motif of the corinthian classical order on one of the walls. The details of this motif incorporate leave materials and flower materials which is common in classical architecture and in Islamic architecture The architectural style: islamic architecture that makes use of the following aspects: 1. Arabesque: it is an artistic motif that is characterized by the application of repeating forms and fancifully combined patterns; these forms often echo those of plants and animals. Islamic art employs mathematical geometry as portrayed by these motifs that are abstracted. Examples: The column capital motifs on each side of the feature. 2. The hierachy from ground floor to upper floors is also well depicted where the columns of the ground floor have masonry depiction though done on plaster, and the top most level has the columns narrowing. this was also common in medieval architecture borrowing from clasical times. 3. Symmetry is also strong on this piece of art work. The careful detailing and rich decorations and motif work show the importance of the well not just as a water point but as an architectural defining structure. The building also shows signs of old age and lack of repair and dereliction. It is not being used for water purposes but still forms an important part of old architecture.
motif on one of the columns. notice the flower imagery so common in classical architecture
The columns showing the vertical hierarchy from ground level to other levels
presence of a balcony still explains a merit along Mbarak Hinawy street where 230mm by 230mm. most of the buildings have balconies on the The block wall aids in frontage making balconies an architectural constant. The orientation of the balconies ventillation and lighting of the enables them to recieve breezes from the ocean. circulation area Soft landscaping-palm trees planted at the edge of the verandas. Terraces floor finished with red oxide. Provides views to the ocean and informal gathering spaces. Character of the building facade Building materials coral stone finished in white lime plaster. Height 950mm high parapet wall 8.25m The adjacent water storage is among the main vertical elements of this street. Flooring Window: made of white painted wooden frames Exterior-cement sand screed with glass panes that open outwards. Interior-terrazo
1800mm high security wall Door: made from white painted teak from Burma Soft landscaping: aids in cooling of the verrandah and also adds interest to the plain facade.
ARCHITECTURAL
3000 1200 1800 1200 1800 1200 2800 Finishes: plaster on masonry Colour: white washed walls Texture: smooth Materials: masonry, plaster
2000
100 100
100
1500
150
300
150
300
150
300
150
300
700
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
500
1500
wooden panelled door to detail painted G.I sheet covering on wooden louvres
wooden louvres for ventilation fitted with mosquito netting in the inside
Building with 2-3 oors with ground oor occupied with commercial ac activitiesand upper levels and serving as residen residential, ground level 4metres highwith a canopy and upper level 3metres high.Width 15metres , makes ra of 1:2 with the height,the ra is widely used in composing ratio ratiois the facade giving the building a sense of human scale Plot dimensions dictate the kind of street thereof ,beacons dene street congura conguration Street orienta orientation dictate the entries to face mbarak hinawy street with openings to the street.
SPATIAL
FLOORS
ARCHITECTURAL Ceramic
RATIONALE
CEILING
FINISHES
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Colour Smooth with white lime and the higher walls plastered on 1st & 2nd Cream & green on the 1st and not easy to levels, i.e 2nd shops Use of the screed painted cream on areas with opening on the ground oor be explored maintain pvc could oor. and oor nished the ground respec Rough on withcement screed level upto about 900mm due to chapping and carefull selec of materials coral stone,lime and cement dierent surface vital. textures. Smooth White
COMMENTS
LANDSCAPING greenries on the courtyard ,cabbro more greeneries could aide in LANDSCAPING paving on main public areas SOFT AND air circula ,present condi HARD of landscaping features not bollards on the main street dening Hard landscape is used all round due to high human and vehiculargood trac.Materials used are cabro porch
blockroad & lime plaster on steps. WINDOW SIZE Height=approx. 1800mm Width=approx. 1400mm NB:All windows are same in size. DOOR SIZE Height=approx. 2400mm Width=approx. 1800mm NB:All doors are double doors.
cantilevered balcony
1,200
70 70 70 360 70 70
70
360
70
70 1,200
70
360
70
70
70
600
70
1,200
70
500
70
500
70
70
1,000
1,800
2,000
This mvule window has a horizontal concrete cantilever that acts as a sunshading device
1000mm high coral stone wall with a flat concrete roof 450mm wide concrete cantiliver acting as a sunshading device
SPATIAL
The facade facing the Mbarak Henawy Road stands out as a well maintained facade compared to the others that are growing with vegetation.The heights of the Ground floor are 5000mm, with the upper three floors spanning 4500mm high.The street creates a channeling effect which is demonstarted by the coolness of the street all the way from the open area around Fort Jesus..The building"s architect has built on the boundary spanning 14000mm.Worthy to note is that there is a cantilever that spans 3500mm but skewed at the corner.This area is outside the site.
External wall in coral rock ,coral rug fixed in lime mortar then painted in lime.The front facade is well maintained to prevent any growth of natural vegetation due to the rich nutrients in the coral material
ARCHITECTURAL
The surface finish is lime wash on all facade,The flooring on the outside is slate pieces whereas the shops are finished in non slip ceramic tiles.150mm thick coral stone are used in two adjacent layers giving a total of 300mm thick wall which is cladded in coral rug on lime mortar which is later given white lime wash.Concrete sunshaders which are finally roofed with portugease roofing tiles to prevent the effect of the salty water and the high humidity within the coastal region. concrete Canopies appear 'on the Ground floor at a hieight of 3500mm to cover the shoppers and the people walking along the streets..Landscaping features are non existent on this building as the architect has left no space in which softscape or hardscape can be placed.
900mm high precast concrete balustrades curved to Architect's details The arches enclose a social place in which members can catch the afternoon breeze as they chat.This resonates so well with the climate anld social setting of the coastal people
The building is for economic use: fish preservation SPATIAL height 8000mm width 17000mm ARCHITECTURAL
0.200
1,250
0.300
Walls are 300mm thick and made from coral walls are finshed in rough cast concrete or spatter dash. The building is generally plain with only one door and a few concrete ventilations.it has no shading devices or canopies There is an attempt to finish it in black ceramic tiles on one end The roof as of many other surrounding buildings is made from corrugated ironn sheets which is rusted and is in tatters at some points
3.300
3.500
600 550
0.200
25
concrete framing
2.000
620
0.070
0.075
0.075 0.375 50
620
0.050
Door (detail 2)
type 2(detail 2)
Windows
WINDOW DETAILS.
1,600 50 700 800 50 50 700 800 50 50 50 50 800 330 40 330 50 50 50 285 285
50
700 800
50
50
700 800
50
1,600
50
330 40 800
330 50
2,000
SPATIAL Height: The height of the building ranges from 3.5m to 9m high. The roof is pitched and there are gutters at the ends of the pitches for rainwater collection. Street geometry. The facade faces the government square. It has openings that are systematically placed. The windows are made of wood and the gate is made of metal bars. The main wooden panel door is made from teak. The facade is characterised by the colour blue which is painted on all frames and doors. Orientation. The street facing facade is oriented in the north south direction.
1,000
500
400
400
500
20
285
50
50
1,300
W 5. Glass Panel window with wooden frame two horizontal panels, four vertical Panels.
30 32 90
50
285
20
285
20
20
1,000
1,500
1,370
1,370
1,500
10 90 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 30 32
1,200
88
45 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 75 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 110
710
790
75
900
230 25
50 50 50 50 400 500 50 50
800
50 50
300
200
200
300
20
2,100
88
1,500
1,500
1,200
3,000
W 2. Window with woden shutters (22)t. The shutters are not closeable rather they are fixed.
600
50
800 900
50
2,025
2,025
20
50 50
500
50 50
380
50
500 600
50 30
90
10 90 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 175 30 1,000 2,000 1,000
W 3. Window with metal bars (9). The frame of the window is made of wood.
790
MATERIAL OF GATE. Metallic bars welded together, painted in Blue. Spikes at strategic areas of the gate for security.
WOODEN DOOR MATERIAL. The door is made of wood(teak) that is painted in blue. The door opens inward hence the absence of hinges on the exterior panel.
ARCHITECTURAL Exterior finishes. The building was built using lime and coral which has been painted in White with the exception of the window frames and doors which are Blue. Roof. The roof is a pitched roof which is blue in color. At the blank wall area, The roof is maroon in color. The roof is corrugated galvanized iron Sheets. It is a rather mordern inclusion in the old town, it was roofed Differently some time back. It is a rather mordern building that shifts from the norm of swahili Architecture in the old town area.
1,980
575
500
400
20
50
100 20
50
400
W 5. W 2. W 1. W 2.
W 5.
W 5.
W 5.
W 5.
W 5.
W 5.
W 5.
W 3.
W 3.
W 3.
W 6.
W 6.
W 6.
1,980
640
2,100
50
50
MOTIF CURVINGS DONE ON MVULE TIMBER APPLIED FOCIA BOARD FOR AESTHETICS
SPATIAL Unit Eight has a curio shop on the ground floor whose shop fronts the main street... The upper floors have residential units whose access is secluded from the public space, i.e the street for privacy of the residents.. ARCHITECTURAL
WALLS
SURFACE FINISH CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL Lime white wash. Ceramic tiles, wood Coral rag, cement, lime plaster, mud & wattle& blocks. Lime plaster used as f nish on brick facing. walls,Ceiling and Floors wood blocks, Ceramic tiles. Lime white wash. Cement Screed. Timber,cement,plaster & wire mesh.
Colour Texture Fairly Rough on the White except for the brick ground level upto about faced seat wall 900mm due to chapping and dierent surface textures.
FLOORS CEILING
STREET LEVEL.
LANDSCAPING Hard landscape is used along the main street due to high human and vehicular trac.Material used are cabro blockroad & lime plaster on steps. on the other hand plantings are used at the entrance to the residential units. DOOR SIZE WINDOW SIZE Height=approx. 1800mm Width=approx. 1400mm Height=approx. 2400mm NB:All windows are same in size. Width=approx. 1800mm except the ones on the shop front NB:All doors are double Height=approx. 2400mm doors. Width=approx. 1500mm SUNSHADING ELEMENTS Recessed window and door openings. Shade created due to the height of adjacent and opposite buildings and overhang of the balconies.
DOUBLE LEAF MVULE DOOR . THE MAIN ENTRANCE TO THE CURIOR SHOP.
THE FRONT FACADE OF THE STRUCTURE FONTS A NARROW STREET FOR BOTH PEDESTRIANS AND VEHICLES NOTE THE SEATWALL ON FRONTING THE STREET AND THE DECORATED WOODEN DOOR..
THE BALCONY FACES THE STREET AND ITS BUILT IN WOOD AND FOR SAFETY , A WOODEN RAILING IS USED .. THE STAIR IS OUTSIDE PERHAPS TO GIVES MORE ROOM FOR THE INTERIO.. NOTE THE PLANTINGS AT THE LANDING... THESE SOFTENS THE RATHER HARD MASSIVE STRUCTURE..
THE STRRET FORMS A THOROUGHFARE FOR OTHE FORMS OF INFRUSTRUCTURE AND COMMUNICATION ROUTES
100
100
600
3200
FRAME
MILDSTEEL METAL
2100
GRILL
80
500
80
500
80
100
750
2300
100
WIRE GAUZING TO KEEPOUT INSECTS WOODEN FINS ON 50 MM THICK WOODEN FINS ON WINDOWS WINDOW
1000
SHUTTERS
0.079
100
50
80
200
200
50
850
WOODEN WINDOW
900
50
800
50
450
50
10
10 125
660
10
660
600
660
SPATIAL
Building height approximately 10m high with two floors; ground floor approx 4m high first floor also approx 4m high. Roof seems to go up 2m. The building has a line of symmetry that bisects it in the middle. The lower floor serves as a commercial space, housing a boutique while the upper floor is residential. The residential level has two en suite rooms, a sitting room and a kitchen.
500mm
ARCHITECTURAL
Faade The main exterior wall finish is fair faced lime plaster over which paint has been applied. The windows on the ground level are mostly as they originally were with hardwood (Indian teak) frame and shutters. Ironmongery has been applied to deter thieves from the shop. It is replaced regularly due to rust. The iron sheet canopies are also a later addition and were designed and approved by MOTCO. They were put in place to keep rain out of the shop. The wooden shutters on the upper floor windows have been replaced by glass panes in aluminium louvre frames. Ferrous metal was avoided as it would rust. The balcony is a masterpiece. The balustrade is made of cast iron. Because of its weight wooden beams have been introduced across it to prevent its falling over. The balustrade is anchored on Indian teak columns. The floor of the balcony rests on cantilevered Indian teak beams. The upper surface of the balcony was originally finished in clay but due to water percolation this clay was replaced with concrete. Walls There are differing accounts regarding the construction of the walls but the most plausible suggests that the walls consist of a coral rag core covered with a thick plaster layer on both sides. The plaster is made from a mixture of coral lime, clay and coral dust. The walls themselves are between 500 and 550 mm thick and on the front and back facades there wall forms a bench at the base. The walls flare out at the bottom. According to one source, this was a measure employed to prevent water from seeping into the house. Roof According to a source, the roof was made of clay tile before the current concrete tile roof was installed.
PROTRUDING WOOD SECTION METAL BITS FOR EMBELISHMENT MITRE JOINT USED TO JOIN THE WOOD PANELS
110.0 165.0
80.0 GLAZING
60.0
80.0
ARCHITECTURAL Minimal embelishment have been used to articulate the facades of this building as compared to its immediate neighbours. Most of the embelishment has been done on the doors, windows and the fascia board. Detailing of the doors vary greatly but with the main entrance door having more intricate embelishment compared to the other two. Solid timber panels were used to construct the doors. The windows were ROOF OVERHANG made from timber louvers tilted at an angle for privacy. Metal grills have CORRUGATED IRON SHEETS been used to secure the doors and the windows. There is some intricate curving on the wooden fascia boards FASCIA BOARD
GLAZING TIMBER LOUVERS TIMBER SHUTTER
TIMBER LOUVERS
STREET LEVEL
Walls The major construction material used for the walls is coral rug finished with lime plaster which is then white washed. The thickness of the wall is averagely 500mm which is fairely thick enough for structural stability and also to offer high mass cooling. Roofing The roofing materila is basically iron shheets supported by wood purlins resting on wooden truss system. The slope of the roof is fairely gently enough to allow water to drain off. Floor finish The floor finish for the verandah is cement screed. The verandah is lifted off the main street level by 100 mm to keep off stormy water drainage
1.205
2.200
0.850
1.800 15.000
REPAIRS
ALLEY FACADE
The attempt to introduce new support structure kills the architectural detail of the original design. Use of RHS steel bar inplace of curved timber is out of scale
SPATIAL Character Of Building Facades Height Ground floor height is 4.0m while first and second floor are 3.5m each in height. Street geometry The facade as a whole takes an orthogonal form that's been enhanced by the shape that the individual windows, and door openings. The two storm water drainage pipes that drain the roof terrace help enhance symmetry and balance on this front facade. On the ground level where we have the jeweler store, the symmetry created on the first and second floor facades is lost but balance is still maintained in the positioning of the shops main door and the windows which have been modified, artificial ventilation and burglar proofed for security. All doors ,windows and balconies directly facing the street have their different levels of privacy needed achieved by having a hierarchy of activities in order of privacy required. ARCHITECTURAL SURFACE FINISHES Smooth lime plaster painted white Interior stairs are made from Mangrove timber CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Walls: Coral rug stones finished with lime plaster Floors: Coral rug on boriti with Cement screed finish Roof: Flat roof and pitched mabati roof for part roof terrace
FRONT FACADE
LANDSCAPING FEATURES This is the only building on government square that has vegetation in form of shrubs as softlandscaping. The shrubs have a built in planter thats been finished in Mazeras stone creating interest. This stands out as a new addition done when the jewellary shop was being refurbished.
SIDE FACADE
permanent ventilation shafts. This area was added after construction, it is basically a corrugated iron sheet roof, that covers the roof slab. The activities that go on within the thus defined space is mostly the drying of clothes.
Stone architrave encasing the door. The daka on this door are on either side of the door, and perpendicular to the door plane.
-The building has 2 facades that are exposed to public view, I) The street facade (Mbarak Hinawy) ii) The Alley facade (Bordered by Old Town Boutique) -The construction materials include: I) Coral stone (exterior and interior walls) ii) Lime (mortar) iii) Lime (plaster) iv) Indian teak (Window frames) v) Steel grills (Window) vi) Corrugated Iron sheets (Roofing) -The street facade has been under maintained, as the vegetation growth indicates. And a unique feature that this side of the building has is that, it does not have an entrance or an exit directly onto the main street as is the case with most if not all of the other buildings that are on Mbarak Hinawy street. As a result there is little to no activity that occurs in front of the building, and the space has been used as a car park area. There is a storm water drainage channel that runs along the facade, it seems to be a constant feature in most of the buildings on the street. The windows do not adhere to any proportions and seem arbitrarily placed. They vary in heights and in widths. The alley facade however has some form of architectural merit, with the door being articulated with a well designed symmetrical architrave that spans around the door. The entrances have been placed, whether by design or default, on a side that is overlooked by the adjacent neighbouring building and hence some form of community policing takes place there.
13
Second Level
7 720mm
CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL ISSUES The building houses a furniture shop that deals exclusively in swahili furniture. On the subsequent upper 2 oors it houses two residential units accessed through the alley with a staircase leading to the rst unit and another more private staircase leading to the second. The building is anked on one side by the mosque and the rest of the sides it is surrounded by residential blocks, that bring some activity, by the presence of children playing
SPATIAL
Having a footprint of about 105 sq.m the building has rooms avereging round 10 sq.m, based on the maximum length of the banaa(mangrove beams) which is a maximum of 3m. Therefore this is the module for the rooms, althought the extension at the top has some modern dimensions that are not based on the lenght of the mangroove poles. The buildings rst oor was repurposed to the shop and it maintained the original dimensions of the residential units upto the point of having the niches and archway leading from one room to another
First Level
3 750mm
Ground Level
540mm
SCALE 1:100
10 441mm
4 700mm
ARCHITECTURAL
The buildings structure is mainly of coral rag joined with crushed coralstone mixed with clay and sand mortar, making the walls quite thick averaging between 500-560mm thick. On the outside and in the inside the walls have been render in plaster that has been painted.The walls have been poorly mainted leading to the growth of plants ont he building. The oor slabs are made of coral rag and then a similar mortar used on the wall is poured and underneath the beams ae exposed. The exterior is very uneventful with mouldings going across the building indicating that it probably had some British inuence. The windows are mainly of louvred glass on a metal frame that is set into a wooden frame. It has 3 types of door. The Store front door is an intricately designed Lamu door, while the other one is a metal grille door and next to it as a panelled wooden door that is cogniscent to British inuence. The sunshading elements are made out of wrought timber poles (75mm x 75mm thick) and corrugated iron sheets that are poorly maintained. While the sun shader on the ground oor has a nicely decorated facia board with some persian inuence. The steps into the building have some really high risers averaging at about 220mm while the steps inside the building are 240mm high making them uncomfortable and hazardous to children.
Cement moulding suggesng that the building was of a later period, maybe built during the Brish colonial era.
Banaa
Intricately designed Swahilli door made of Indian teak has been protected from vandalism by using a metal door.
Swahili arch.
4,500
Air vents.
Air vents.
1,965
1,700 50
700
1,500
1,150
700
1,150
1,350
1,150
700
Steel grills
2,785
2,485
50
1,800
50
1,050 1,150
50 1,250
150
1,900
150
10,910
arches are reccessed by 300mm to the inside with coral rubble as walling materail finished with plastered lime
75mm teak wood slate intended to demarcate lower and upper part of the structure and also intended for aesthethic purposes
1350 75
200 1,050 25
1000
200
900
800 800
200
300
250
100
250
100 600
400
90
600
600mm high skirting cantilevering by 400mm to the outside for the purpose of resting the quran during recitation
quran holder which is reccessed by 200m which is flush with the wall
These archs are communicating a transition of space from the prayer room into the courtyard.normally open voids are left but due to the influence of islamic architecture arches are treated with small minarettes at the summit of the arch
870 1,370
75 500
600 3,000
Arch thickness 600mm Columns are cladded with cornice moulding intended for ornamentation purposes
85
85
25
85 85
500
1000 75 600 75
600 50 725
200 90
3,000
75
400
1,200 75
arched lintel carved with rossetes of the lotus flower
200 25 200 75
Minaret.
100
50
The building initially belonged to Sir Ali, a famous Swahili leader in the Slave trade era. The house and the adjoining one were bought from him by Mr. Ali Samir Walif, a famous medicine man and a prophet. Who lived there with his extended family. The ground oor houses Gallery Sana while the rst and second oor are residential spaces currently occupied by Mr.Walifs grandchildren and their wives.
SPATIAL
ELEVATION CROSS SECTION 1. Indoor-Prayers done in individual prayer rooms of the residential space,General family social activities like watching T.V, relaxing and general lounging,Gallery Sana used as an exhibition space. 2. Balcony- Cloths hanging,Socializing when not in use as a cloths hanging space CHARACTER OF BUILDING FACADES From the street only the sana gallery can be accessed ,the entry to the top levels which is the residential part is at the back of the building. Height The ground oor is raised 600mm from street level by three steps 170mm,200mm and 230mm respectively Ground oor height is 3.5m while rst and second oor are 3m each in height.
BALCONY There is only one balcony on second floor that faces the street. Its balustrades have been curved out of wood mimicking a Swahili motif one that several buildings on the street have for the balustrades. The balcony is used as space to hang clothes to dry and also space to catch some air and socialize. 1st floor windows
ARCHITECTURAL
DOOR The main entrance to gallery Sana on ground oor is an Indian neo-classical door thats arched at the top and has comparatively light decoration and moldings as the other doors in the neighborhood. The top resembles a fanlight made of wood while the door itself is simple paneled wood with glazed area thats been burglar proofed for security reasons. The door has been enhanced by pilasters arched at the top and detailed to arched the entrance. MOULDINGS The ground oor and rst oor are separated with mouldings
WINDOWS Second floor: The windows are recessed off the street as there is a balcony but are Wooden windows divided into halves with the upper half having glass panes and the lower half with wooden panels. First floor: - Wooden windows divided into halves with the upper halve having glass panes and the lower half. Ground floor: Glass windows with a wooden frame and steel burglar proofing. Each window has been enhanced by pilasters arched at the top and detailed to resemble the doors arches this helps create balance on the facade. .Permanent Openings to the stairwell 1st floor opening to the stairwell decorated with steel grills forming a beautiful pattern 2nd floor is a opening with concrete decorations inspired from a circle motifs
glass panes
1st oor windows They are 1 by 2m high divided into 2.The bo part is made of two wooden panels while the top part is made of two panels each made up of three glass panes on wooden frames.
1100
100
2400
400 100 250 300 1000 100 100 100 50 100 100 50 150 50 50
2000
1200
300
900
2400
100
2400
100
2400
100
1200 75 1000
wall bracket
250
wooden brackets supporting the projection.
horizontal projections that act like sun-shading and are made of concrete. wooden window with panes on lower level and glass on the upper levels.
mouldings.
2800
2100
2100
parallel parking used on storm-water one side of Mbarak drainage. Henawy road.
wooden panel door on the outside with two other layers one of grills and the other of a wooden door.
the windows have a mesh followed by grills and the a wooden panel window on the inside.
1400
1300
1300
wooden mouldings
SPATIAL
Africa Hotel has no courtyard so most outdoor acvies occur on balconies on the top two levels or on the back alley. Car parking is done on the street below the balcony which exte 1.2metres from the external wall. Total building height is 12 metres; First f loor - 5metres Second f loor- 4metres Third Floor - 3metres
The wooden balcony is painted green in colour and extends to the street. It is flanked on both sides by other buildings with no side alleys.
ARCHITECTURAL
Geometric designs on the balcony Finely curved wooden brackets supporting the Balcony. Rounded iron bars (diameter - 24mm)
1.500
Balcony- Curved wooden balcony extending 1.2 metres into the street. First f oor balcony is open with geometric designed mofs below the railing while the top f oor balcony is closed with wooden shu ers (later changed to the current wooden frame glazed windows) for the more private external activities. - The balcony is completely covered by the roof. It is supported by f nely curved brackets. - It is supported by f nely curved wooden brackets. Roof: - Pitched roof with corrugated iron sheets on wooden rafters Walls:- coral stone with lime mortar and a smooth lime plaster on the surface. It is white washed corresponding to the conservation theme of the Old Town buildings. Landscaping:- Hardscaped surfaces.Cement plastered steps lead to Cabbro blocked alleyway.
0.750
0.750
2.100
1.080
0.745
0.900
2.000
3.000
2.100
0.750
2,000
750
Detail: Wooden Bracket - the brackets reveal an Indian influence in the use of vegetal designs. The brackets support the balcony as well aesthetically enhance the building
3,000
Iron hinge
200
80 50
520
Door panel
1.500
2.400
DOOR 1F
metal rods 1F
-The rst two steps are extended the whole length of the facade to provide for additional seat space, facing the street. -The door organizes the building symmetrically except for the upper oors which have posts asymmetrical due to added reinforcement. -From an aerial view, the form of the building is cuboidal with the shorter sides being the front and back facades.
2.150
WINDOW 1F
BALCONY
2F
ARCHITECTURAL -The main prominent feature on the front facade is the intricately carved Swahili door, made of routed hardwood and brass knockers, which have been removed temporarily due to ongoing renova -The balconies are made of reinforced concrete slab, that support the hardwood balustrades and posts. -The windows are panelled and lourved with metal rods added for security on the ground oor. -Services to the building are restricted to the back facade, thus preserving aesthetic of the front facade.
3.000
1.100
DOOR GF
4.000 1.100 5.000
1.170
1F
1.570
1F
GF
WINDOW GF
FRONT FACADE SIDE
1.150
SPATIAL
The ground f oor has two shops, while the upper f oors house a number of apartments The shops doors open directly from the street with two steps and an overhead g.i canopy that acts as a transition. The height of the ground f oor is notably greater than that of the ones above; an attribute that is related to the commercial nature of the space. The shopfronts make up a major part of the facade design and in a broader perspective the street character . This is seen more clearly when one studies the patterns and consistencies between this and adjacent buildings.
Although this building is in the Swahili architecture context, there are elements of Indian origin seen in the details of the house. These include the Ornamentation on the balustrade on the second f oor balcony, the plasterwork detail as well as signage at the top of the building.
ARCHITECTURAL
The building is considerably smaller than many in the area with a distinct contrast between the commercial ground level which runs f ush with the street and the residential upper f oors that are recessed by approximately 3.5 meters; an indication of the public and private natures respectively. Finishes The wall render is lime plaster which features certain patterns in some areas such as the balconies and openings. The walls are painted with emulsion which is in dire need of a fresh coat thanks to the humid conditions in the area that have caused some discoloration. The balconies These serve well for sunshading as well as leisure apace. They are 1500mm deep and have a 700mm high dwarf wall with a 2 inch circular section hand rail at the top.. Fenestrations The windows are rectangular in shape with an exception of the small circular windows on the front wall that encloses the stairwell. On the front, there are 1500X900 windows with a sill height 850mm above the story levels. They are steel casement windows with four horizontal divisions (375 mm each) The uppermost part has two top hung windows while the rest make up another two swinging windows. The lower part on the other hand is made up of two equa sized side hung steel casement swinging windows. They are burglar proofed using wire A straight Swahili door is seen throughout the building with those on the shop fro being 1500X1800 double doors. mesh. A g.i canopy is present on all external door in the building to shield o sharp glare from the inside.
1,150
1,300
3,000
1,900
3,000
800
1,350
Awning/canopy above the shop entrance. Material: Galvanized Iron sheet with 2'X1' timber 45 trussing.
SPATIAL
ARCHITECTURAL
Fig 1.2 Building canopy that shades the street and its character Decorative freizes wooden balcony open with geometric design Fine steel brackets supports the balcony. Curved wooden facial board for decoration Fine carved wooden brackets to support the balcony Steel door
scale 1:200 scale 1:100
Brackets
DOORS
Iron rod security grills with wooden window on the sides. Balcony
Balcony support
Balustrade
scale 1:100
scale 1:100
scale 1:100
This building is located on Mbarak Hinway road immediately behind the Forex Buraeu directly opposite the entrance to Fort Jesus. This structure was built in 1898 during British Colonial rule.
SPATIAL It was initially was the f rst police station in Mombasa. Its use was then changed and it became the Nazareth bar and finally became a curio shop. The building is currently not in use and has been overrun by plants that have set root in the walls due to neglect.
Balcony The building once had a triangular balcony siliar to the porch beneath it. The balcony helped create shade allowing cool fresh air to enter the it. Steel I section supports for destroyed balcony on West facing facade Doors Intricately decorated arches over the doors, door frames and architraves. Motifs are of plant vines, leaves or f owers.
ARCHITECTURAL
WALLS
Coral stone upto 600700mm thick bound with lime and earth mortar. Walls are plastered smooth and painted except for the top f oor which is still under construction. The building has intricately decorated arches over the doors and architraves. the doors are carved from indian teak, motifs are engraved into the framework, and in the panels. The door's nobs are made from brass, Brass studs area also arranged along the height of the door.
DOOR SIZE
DOORS
250x250mm Wooden ornate column supports for the balcony with beautifully carved capitals. Remnants of Staircase leading to balcony from front porch
Type 1: 2400mm by 1800mm, Double folding doors Type 2; 2400mm by 1400mm, Double door Type 3; 2400mm by 950mm, single leaf door on Balcony
WINDOW SIZE
This Building has a unique traingular front porch that takes the prof le of the site bordering the street.
WINDOWS
All are made from wood, have arches above them and some have 20mm diameter steel rods spaced at 80mm centre to centre to act as burglar proof ng. Currently there is no roof and top f oor is open to the sky. The f oors are of lime screed Hard landscape is used all round due to high human and vehicular trac. Tarmac and cabro blocks are the landscaping materials that have been used. Recessed window and door openings by 150mm. Prior to the balcony's destruction, it provided shade that that helped cool air before it entered the building.
ROOF
FLOOR LANDSCAPING
SUNSHADING ELEMENTS
SPATIAL FEATURES the building is measures 10mx17m making it an almost square in shape. this gives it a shape that is almost the architecture of the Old town. the building however has a roof that leaves very little to admire compared to the Old town but for a few buildings like the one directly behind it. square grilled it fairly responds to the street Geometry in that it is recessed from the window to the three streets that defines it. it fails to respond to the monument at the junction as it has a perfect shape compared to the monument
vault
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES Though non conforming with regards to the old town architecture, the bureau tries to mimic it by having a white surface finish to its plaster applied onto the thick masonry walls. the careful choice of window types depicts a secure mood and still maintains the vernacular. in terms of height, the building fails in every way as its scale fails to meet that of the rest of the buildings. the doors are mainly grilled to feature the secure nature of the building that it contains. there is a great effort to make the building corespond to the neighbourhood but to the best of the analysis, the building fails to capture the mood of the site
152
1, 17 5
1,700
eave detail
Fig 01: facade view of the building from both cathedral and nkrumah road
White render on th slab defining the balc Ex 1200mm * 1500m casement sliding wind
900mm high stainles balustrade balcony. 600mm high box shad ex 3600mm * 2000mm aluminium casement s Ex 1200mm * 1500 casement sliding wind at the
Balcony detail
682.1 700.7
1,800.0
917.9
3,700.0
1,217.9
1,800.0
382.1
2,600.0
382.1
1,800.0
1,217.9
3,700.0
917.9
1,800.0
682.1
600.0
600.0
2,400.0
2,400.0
Ex
1200mm
1500mm aluminium casement window. 3700mm wide fully glazed aluminium sliding sliding
600.0
2,400.0
600.0
casement door
2,400.0
2,563.8
600.0
Brick
600.0
clad
central
3,000.0
planter to detail 01 steps along the street level to the entrance wood casement window
Colour Texture plastered and painted to White except for the brick a smooth f nish faced seat wall
ARCHITECTURAL
FLOORS CEILING Smooth Smooth paint whitewash Dark brown afor timber blocks White
crete line
LANDSCAPING
Hard landscape is used along the main street due to high human and vehicular trac.Material used are cabro blockroad. The seat wall is faced in burnt bricks. planting is also introduced. WINDOW SIZE Height=approx. 1800mm Width=approx.1800mm DOOR SIZE Height=approx. 2400mm Width=approx. 1800mm
LANDSCAPING detail 02
SUNSHADING ELEMENTS Recessed window and door openings. on the glazed surfaces, curtains are introduced
0.600 0.100
0.230
0.600
COMPACTED GRAVEL
PLANTERS
0.050
0.650
0.500
0.200
0.200
CAPITAL
0.900
REBATE
0.300
LINTEL
TRANSOM 75X65MM
STILE
1.800
The surface finishes include plastered concrete surfaces, white cream, brown and grey painted steel surfaces, concrete finish floor surfaces There is attempt at landscaping at the front yard and space facing cathedral road.Flowers, shrubs and climbers have been planted on Natural soil. The verandah is paved and the gate is steel with a security fence made of masonry base and steel grills sharp pointed at the top edges. The locking mechanism is relative lock relying on parallelism of the adjacent leafs. Rc concrete columns are also evident at both sides of the gate for structural support.
security seems to be the main issue in the urban / new town, presence of metal and electric fence on all the sides is an evidence to this
1,865
CONTEXTUAL/FUNCTIONAL The building is located on the corner of Cathedral Road adn Cathedral lane. It is right opposite the ACK Cathedral along Cathedral Road. It is surrounded mainly by commercial developments like Gulf bank, Oriental House and so on. The ground floor of the building is used as a commercial space housing TNT courier services and Habib Bank Limited. The rest of the floors are used as residential spaces, with the balconies of the building facing the main street.
Rough cast wall plaster.
1,000
150
150
2,050
3,000
150
150
1,000
1,000
1,000
1,135
250
1,450
100
1,450
250
1,450
100
1,450
250
1,450
100
1,450
250
2,050
1,865
SPATIAL The building height is averagely 14m, with all the floors going to 3.0m. The building has a flat roof with a parapet of about 1.2m. The building has a "U' shape for the plan which is a response to the hot humid climate at the coast; to allow for better ventilation and stack effect. There are 18 residential units, which are two bedroomed, with a shared bathroom, a kitchen and a living room. The living rooms are open to the balcony. The residentials are accessed from the back of the building via the central courtyard. It can also be accessed from the front of the building. The staircase is also the fire escape. ARCHITECTURAL
SURFACE FINISH
150
850
100
150
1,135
150
850
100
1,865
150
2,050
3,450
3,450
150
150
150
150
1,620
1,450
100
1,450
250
1,450
100
1,450
250
1,450
100
1,450
250
1,300
WALLS
100
2,050
2,050
FLOORS CEILING
Granito tile(on ground floor) Cement Screed. and ceramic tiles on upper floors. Terazzo used in more public areas like corridoors and stairs
150
150
150
1,050
1,050
150
3,450
3,450
3,450
500
500
250
500
250
500
500
1,000 1,400
250
1,000 1,400
2,400
2,400
500
500
250
500
250
500
500
3,450
WALLS
White smooth finish on White smooth finish and Grey finish below the most of the building rough except below the windows. windows where it is rough.
FLOORS
CEILING LANDSCAPING
Hard landscape is used all round due to high human and vehicular traffic.Materials used are cabro blockroad & lime plaster on steps. SUNSHADING ELEMENTS Recessed window and door openings by approx. 200mm. Shade created due to the height of adjacent and opposite buildings.
View of Courtyard
315 315 25 315 705 1,345 2,050 25 450 25 450 25 1,450 100 450 25 25 450 100 3,000
Detail of Residential Steel Casement Window.
315 25
50
315 25
1,000
315
50
25
450 500
25
25 450 1,450
25 450
25
50
50
50
488
50
488
50
425 475
50 50 1,000
425 50 475
50
50
488
50
50
488
2,400
50
25
315
25
25
315
25
315
25
25
25
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank the University of Nairobi, School of Built Environment and the Department of Architecture & Building Science for helping realise the trip to Mombasa. We would also like to thank the lecturers that accompanied us and led us during the length of the project, namely: Dr Robert Rukwaro, Nobert Musyoki, Robert Kariuki, Musau Kimeu. We would also like to thank Mr. Kasim of MOTCO and the people of Old Town Mombasa for their hospitality and the multitude of information that they helped us gather.