Construction of new solutions to the fully nonlinear generalized Camassa-Holm equations by an indirect F function method

Emmanuel Yombaa,b
a

Institute for Mathematics and its applications, University of Minnesota,

400 Lind Hall 207 Church Street S.E. Minneapolis, MN 554556-0436 U.S.A.
b

Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundr PO. ee

BOX 454 Ngaoundr Cameroon. ee

ABSTRACT An indirect F function method is introduced to solve the generalized Camassa-Holm equation with fully nonlinear dispersion and fully nonlinear convection C(l, n, p). Taking advantage of elliptic equation, this F function is used to map the solutions of the generalized Camassa-Holm equation to those of the elliptic equation. As a result, we can successfully obtain in a unied way and for special values of the parameters of this equation, many new exact solutions expressed by various single and combined non-degenerative Jacobi elliptic function solutions and their degenerative solutions (soliton, combined soliton solutions and triangular solutions) as the modulus m is driven to 1 and 0.

INTRODUCTION

It is well known that the investigation of the travelling wave solutions of nonlinear evolution equations (NLEEs), which is an important tool in characterizing many complicated phenomena and dynamical processes in physics, mechanics, chemistry, biology, etc., plays an essential role in the study of these physical problems. Hence, seeking for solutions of the NLEEs may enable help physicists and engineers to better understand the mechanism that governs these physical problems. Especially, nding explicit solutions to nonlinear models has become one of the most exciting and extremely active areas of research investigation, since they may provide better knowledge to the physical problems and possible physical applications. Recently, both mathematicians and physicists have made many attempts in this direction. A number of works have been done on the construction of exact solutions of NLEEs and eective and powerful methods have been developed, such as inverse scattering method [1], Bcklund transformaa tion [2], Darboux transformation [3,4], Hirota bilinear method [5], homogeneous balance method [6], Jacobi elliptic function method [7], tanh-function method [8,9], extended tanh-function method [10-13], improved extended tanh-function method [14-18], the sine-cosine function method [19]. Very recently, a unied F-expansion method [20-27] has been established to obtain Jacobi elliptic functions, solitons and periodic functions to a large variety of NLEEs whose odd-and even-order derivative terms do not coexist. The main idea of this method is to take full advantage of the elliptic equation which has more new solutions, to construct exact solutions to the NLEEs. 2

Thus multiple exact solutions can be obtained in a unied way and much tedious and repeated calculation can be avoided. In the present paper, a generalized Camassa-Holm equation with fully nonlinear dispersion and fully nonlinear convection term C(l, n, p) [28] is considered

Ut + kUx + 1 Uxxt + 2 (U l )x + 3 Ux (U n )xx + 4 U (U p )xxx = 0. where k, 1 , 2 , 3 , and 4 are arbitrary real constants.

(1)

Eq.(1) is a class of physically important equation. In fact, if one takes 1 = 1, 2 = 3/2, 3 = 2, 4 = 1, l = 2, n = p = 1, (1) becomes the new shallow water equation, namely Camassa-Holm equation

Ut + kUx Uxxt + 3U Ux = 2Ux Uxx + U Uxxx ,

(2)

which has been proposed by Camassa-Holm [29]. They used Hamiltonian methods to derive the new completely integrable dispersive wave equation for water by retaining two terms that are usually neglected in small amplitude shallow water limit. They showed that for all k, Eq.(2) is integrable, and for k=0, (2) has travelling solutions, which are called peakons. When 1 = 1, 2 = a, 3 = 2, 4 = 1, l = L + 1, n = p = 1, (1) becomes another form of generalized Camassa-Holm equation,

Ut + kUx Uxxt + aU L Ux = 2Ux Uxx + U Uxxx ,

(3)

studied by Tian and Song [30]. They derived some new exact peaked solitary wave solutions. When k = 0, 1 = 1, 2 = 3/2, 3 = 2, 4 = , l = 2, n = p = 1, (1) becomes

Ut Uxxt + 3U Ux = (2Ux Uxx + U Uxxx ),

(4)

which has been derived by Dai and Huo [31] when they studied disturbances in an initially stretched or compressed rod which is composed of a compressible Mooney-Rivlin material. By using a non-dimensionalization process and the reductive perturbation technique, they obtained a new type of nonlinear dispersive Eq. (4). They also showed that Eq.(4) has a variety of travelling waves including solitary shock waves, solitary waves, periodic shock waves etc. Liu and Chen [32] showed that Eq.(4) also gener-

ated compactons structures by using bifurcation method of planar dynamical systems and numerical simulation of dierential equations. When k = 0, 1 = 1, 2 = 3/2, 3 = 4 = 0, l = 2, n = p = 1, Eq.(1) becomes the BBM equation [33] a well known model for surface wave in channel. More recently, by using four direct ansatze, Tian and Yin [28] obtained abundant solutions: compactons (solutions with absence of innite wings), solitary patterns solutions having innite slopes or cups, solitary waves and singular periodic wave solutions and obtained kink compacton solutions and non-symmetry compacton solutions. In the same paper, they also studied other form of fully nonlinear generalized Camassa-Holm equation and showed that their compacton solutions are governed by linear equations. The present paper is motivated by the desire to extend the Tian and Yin 4

work [28] to make further progress. More importantly, it is the objective of this work to show that abundant families of Jacobi, combined Jacobi elliptic functions, solitary wave and combined solitary wave solutions and triangular functions arise from Eq.(1). To achieve our goal, instead of taking specic functions as Tian and Yin did in [28], we will use a form of indirect F function method (not the F-expansion method because the complexity of Eq.(1) can not allow the use of this method). But our indirect F method will be very close to the F-expansion method in the sense that, the indirect F function method will also take advantage of nonlinear ordinary dierential equation (ODE). Thus, one will only need to calculate the function which is a solution of the ODE, instead of calculating the Jacobi elliptic function one by one; secondly, the coecients of the ODE can be selected so that the corresponding solution is a Jacobi elliptic function, exactly as in F -expansion method. The paper is organized as follows: In section 2, a derivation of the proposed method for nding exact solutions is presented. Finally, some discussions and conclusions are given in section 3.

General formulas of the solutions

We rstly make the following formal travelling wave transformation U (x, t) = U (), = 1 x+2 t, (5)

where i , (i=1,2) are undetermined constants Substituting (5) into Eq.(1),

we have the ODE for U (). 2 U +k1 U + 1 2 2 U + 2 1 (U l ) + 3 3 U (U n ) + 4 3 U (U p ) = 0. (6) 1 1 1

Then a suitable ansatz for the unknown U () will solve Eq.(6). Let us assume that Eq.(6) has the solution in the form

U () = A(F ())B ,

(7)

where A and B are parameters to be determined later. We also propose that the function F should be mapped to the solutions of the following elliptic equation F
2

b = r + aF 2 + F 4 , 2

(8)

r, a and b are constants. Substituting the ansatz (7) along with Eq.(8) into Eq.(6), collecting coecients of power of F with the aid of Mathematica, we can deduce the following polynomial equation

2ABr 1 2 2 [23B+B 2 ]F B + 2AB[k1 +2 +aB 2 1 2 2 ]F B+2 +ABb 1 2 2 [2+ 1 1 1 3B+B 2 ]F B+4 +[2lBAl 2 ] F 2+Bl +2A1+n B 2 nr 3 3 [nB1]F B(n+1) +[2aA1+n B 3 n2 3 3 ] 1 1 F 2+B(n+1) + A1+n B 2 nb 3 3 [nB + 1]F 4+B(n+1) + 2A1+p Bpr 4 3 [2 3Bp + 1 1 B 2 p2 ]F B(1+p) +[2aA1+p B 3 p3 4 3 ] F 2+B(p+1) + 1 A1+p Bpb 4 3 [2 + 3Bp + B 2 p2 ]F 4+B(1+p) = 0 1 (9)

One may easily see that in the specic cases, where r = 1, a = 1 and b = 0 which lead to F = cos , when r = 1, a = 1 and b = 0 which lead to F = sin , when r = 1, a = 1 and b = 0 which lead to F = cosh and 6

when r = 1, a = 1 and b = 0 which lead to F = sinh , then we are in the situation of ansatz 1, ansatz 2, Ansatz 3 and ansatz 4 in [28] respectively. We are interested on the general case where r a b = 0. In view of the study of Eq.(9), we may observe carefully the dierent powers of F intervening in this equation. Then, it appears that it is power 2 + Bl, 2 + B(n + 1) and 2 + B(1 + p) whose coecients are singles which may determine our discussion. Thus, from Eq.(9), we get the follows possible cases to be discussed.

Case 1 2 + Bl = 2 + B(n + 1) = 2 + B(1 + p), we have l = n + 1, p = n, Case 2: 2+Bl = 2+B, 2+B(n+1) = 2+B(1+p), we have l = 1, p = n, Case 3: 2 + Bl = 2 + B(1 + p), 2 + B(n + 1) = 2 + B, we have l = 1 + p, n = 0, Case 4: 2 + Bl = 2 + B(1 + n), 2 + B(p + 1) = 2 + B, we have l = 1 + n, p = 0. But the cases 3.and 4 produce no solution.

From the case 1, choosing l = 1 + n and p = n, substituting in Eq.(9) and collecting all terms with same power of F , we obtain the following equation

2ABr 1 2 2 [23B+B 2 ]F B +2AB[k1 +2 +aB 2 1 2 2 ]F B+2 +ABb 1 2 2 [2+ 1 1 1 3B + B 2 ]F B+4 + 2A1+n Bnr3 [ 3 B(nB 1) + 4 (2 3Bn + B 2 n2 )]F B(n+1) + 1 2A1+n B[(n+1) 2 1 +aB 2 n2 3 ( 3 +n 4 )] F 2+B(n+1) +A1+n Bnb3 [B 3 (Bn+ 1 1 1) + 4 (2 + 3Bn + B 2 n2 )]F 4+B(1+n) = 0 (10)

From (10) it appears that when setting to zero the coecient of F B i.e. 2ABr 1 2 2 [2 3B + B 2 ] = 0 which leads to [2 3B + B 2 ] = 0 (B = 1 1 or B = 2) then the coecient of power F B+4 should be dierent of zero i.e. ABb 1 2 2 [2 + 3B + B 2 ] = 0. Thus the power of F B+4 should be 1

shifted to another power, this may help the coecient of this power to enter another relationship with other terms. Thus the following two subcases may be satised First subcase B+4 = B(n+1) when B = 1, = n = 4; l = 5, p = 4 when B = 2, = n = 2; l = 3, p = 2

Substituting the rst type of relation of the rst subcase in Eq.(10) and solving the set of given system of equations we obtain the following results

5 1 =
2

2 , a 4

2 =

k 1+a1 2 , A 1 1

1 2

b 1 2 r 4 1

1 4

3 = 6 4 .

(11)

a, b and r are arbitrary constants. Substituting the second type of relation of the rst subcase in Eq.(10) and solving the set of given system of equations we obtain the following results

1 =

3 4

2 , a 4

k1 2 = 1+4a 2 , A2 =
1 1

kb 1 r(3 1 2 +4 4 )

3 = 3 4 .

(12)

a, b and r are arbitrary constants.

second subcase B + 4 = 2 + B(n + 1) when B = 1, = n = 2; l = 3, p = 2 when B = 2, = n = 1; l = 2, p = 1

Substituting the rst type of relation of the second subcase in Eq.(10) and solving the set of given system of equations we obtain the following results

2 = A

2 (3

2 2 8a 4 1 ) , 3b 1 1

A2 = 2 1

3bk 1 3 2 +2 [a(3 1 2 8 4 )+8 1 4 2 (3bra2 )] 1 1

, (13)

3 = 4 4

1 ,

a, b and r are arbitrary constants.

Substituting the second type of relation of the second subcase in Eq.(10) and solving the set of given system of equations we obtain the following results

1 2 = 1 (4ar 4 k) , 1+4a 2 1 1

A=

3bk 1 2 1 , 2 +2 [2a(2 1 2 4 )+4 1 2 2 (3br2a2 )] 1 1

3 = 2 4

(14)

1 ,

a, b and r are arbitrary constants

Now, if we put the coecient of F B+4 to zero i.e. [2 + 3B + B 2 ] = 0 (B = 1 or B = 2) then the coecient 9 2ABb 1 2 2 [2 3B + B 2 ] of 1

power F B+4 should be dierent of zero, in order to allow this coecient to enter new relationship with other coecients of the other power of F , we have the following two subcases

third subcase B = 2 + B(n + 1) when B = 1, = n = 2; l = 3, p = 2 when B = 2, = n = 1; l = 2, p = 1 Substituting the rst type of relation of the third subcase in Eq.(10) and solving the set of given system of equation we obtain the following results

2 = 3

k1 (8a 4 2 3 2 ) 1 , A2 +a2 (3 1 2 8 4 )+8 1 4 (3bra2 ) 2 1

6kr 1 2 1 , 3 2 +a2 (3 1 2 8 4 )+8 1 4 (3bra2 ) 1

3 = 4 4 . 1 , a, b and r are arbitrary constants.

(15)

Substituting the second type of relation of the third subcase in Eq.(10) and solving the set of given system of equations we obtain the following results 2 = 12br
k1 (2a 4 2 2 ) 1 4 2 2 1 4 1 (1+4a 1 1 )(2a 4 1 2 )

,A =

6kr 1 2 1 4 12br 1 4 1 (1+4a 1 2 )(2a 4 2 2 ) 1 1

3 = 2 4 . 1 , a, b and r are arbitrary constants.

(16)

fourth subcase

10

B = 4 + B(n + 1)

when B = 1, = n = 4; l = 5, p = 4 when B = 2, = n = 2; l = 3, p = 2

Substituting the rst type of relation of the fourth subcase in Eq.(10) and solving the set of given system of equations we obtain the following results
1 4

2 =

k 1+a1 2 , 1 1

A=

rk 1 4b 4 (1+a 1 2 ) 1

, (17)

3 = 6 4 where 1 , satises the following relation

2 + a(5 1 2 32 4 )2 32a2 1 4 4 = 0, 1 1 a, b and r are arbitrary constants.

(18)

Substituting the second type of relation of the fourth subcase in Eq.(10) and solving the set of given system of equations we obtain the following results

k1 2 = 1+4a 2 ,
1 1

A2 = b

rk 1 2 4 (1+a 1 1 )

, (19)

3 = 3 4 ,

where 1 , should satisfy the following relation

3 2 + 4a(3 1 2 4 4 )2 64a2 1 4 4 = 0, 1 1

(20)

11

a, b and r are arbitrary constants.

From the case 2, taking l = 1 and p = n, substituting these relations in Eq.(9) and collecting all terms with same power of F , we obtain the following equation

2ABr 1 2 2 [23B +B 2 ]F B +2AB [ 2 1 +k1 +2 +aB 2 1 2 2 ]F B+2 + 1 1 ABb 1 2 2 [2 + 3B + B 2 ]F B+4 + 2A1+n Bnr3 [ 3 B(nB 1) + 4 (2 3Bn + 1 1 B 2 n2 )]F B(n+1) + 2aA1+n B 3 n2 3 [ 3 + n 4 ] F 2+B(n+1) + A1+n Bnb3 [B 3 (Bn + 1 1 1) + 4 (2 + 3Bn + B 2 n2 )]F 4+B(1+n) = 0 (21)

Proceeding in the same manner as above, for [2 3B + B 2 ] = 0 (B = 1 or B = 2) then the coecient of power F B+4 which should be dierent of zero, may enter into another relation if only we have the following relations First subcase B + 4 = B(n + 1) when B = 1, = n = 4; l = 1, p = 4 when B = 2, = n = 2; l = 1, p = 2

Substituting the rst type of relation of the rst subcase in Eq.(21) and solving the set of given system of equations we have found that there is no solution for this rst subcase. second subcase B +4 = 2+B(n+1) when B = 1, = n = 2; l = 1, p = 2 when B = 2, = n = 1; l = 1, p = 1

12

Substituting the rst type of relation of the second subcase in Eq.(21) and solving the set of given system of equations we obtain the following results

2 =

8aA2 4 1 , 3b 1

A2 =

3b 1 (k+ 2 ) 8 2 [a(3bra2 ) 1 2 ] 1

, (22)

3 = 4 4

1 ,

a, b and r are arbitrary constants.

Substituting the second type of relation of the second subcase in Eq.(21) and solving the set of given system of equations we obtain the following results

2 =

2aA 4 1 , 3b 1

A=

3b 1 (k+ 2 ) 2 2 [a2(3br2a2 ) 1 2 ] 1

, (23)

3 = 2 4

1 ,

a, b and r are arbitrary constants.

If now, its [2 + 3B + B 2 ] = 0 (B = 1 or B = 2) then its the coecient of power F B which should be dierent of zero, may enter into another relation if only we have the following relations third subcase B=2+B(n+1) when B = 1, = n = 2; l = 1, p = 2 when B = 2, = n = 1; l = 1, p = 1

Substituting the rst type of relation of the third subcase in Eq.(21) and solving the set of given system of equations we have found the following 13

results
a1 (k+ 2 2 = a(3bra2 )) 2 ,
1 1

A2 =

3r 1 2 4a 4 1

, (24)

3 = 4 4

1 ,

a, b and r are arbitrary constants.

Substituting the second type of relation of the third subcase in Eq.(21) and solving the set of given system of equations we obtain the following results

2 =

a1 (k+ 2 ) a2(3br2a2 ) 1 2 1

A=

3r 4 2 , a 4 1

3 = 2 4

(25)

1 ,

a, b and r are arbitrary constants.

fourth subcase B = 4 + B(n + 1) when B = 1, = n = 4; l = 1, p = 4 when B = 2, = n = 2; l = 1, p = 2

Substituting the rst type of relation of the second subcase in Eq.(21) and solving the set of given system of equations we have found that there is no solution for this subcase.

Since in all this cases, r, a and b are arbitrary constants, we may choose them properly such that the corresponding solution F of the ODE (8) is one 14

of the Jacobi elliptic, combined Jacobi elliptic functions.

If r = 1, a = (1 + m2 ), b = 2m2 , then the solution is

U1 = A[sn( | m)]B , or cn( | m) dn( | m)

B

(26.a)

U2 = A[cd( | m)]B A

(26.b)

where 0 m 1, is called modulus of Jacobi elliptic sine functions, and sn( | m) is Jacobi elliptic functions see [34,35].

If r = 1 m2 , a = 2m2 1, b = 2m2 , then the solution is

U3 = A[cn( | m)]B , where cn( | m) is Jacobi elliptic cosine functions see [34,35].

(27)

If r = m2 1, a = 2 m2 , b = 2, then the solution is

U4 = A[dn( | m)]B , where dn( | m) is Jacobi elliptic function of third kind see [34,35].

(28)

If r = m2 , a = (1 + m2 ), b = 2, then the solution is

15

1 U5 = A[ns( | m)] A sn( | m)

B

(29.a)

or dn( | m) cn( | m)
B

U6 = A[dc( | m)]B A

(29.b)

If r = m2 , a = 2m2 1, b = 2(1 m2 ), then the solution is

B

1 U7 = A[nc( | m)] A cn( | m)

B

(30)

If r = 1, a = 2 m2 , b = 2(m2 1), then the solution is

B

1 U8 = A[nd( | m)] A dn( | m)

B

(31)

If r = 1 m2 , a = 2 m2 , b = 2, then the solution is cn( | m) sn( | m)

B

U9 = A[cs( | m)]B A

(32)

If r = 1, a = 2 m2 , b = 2(1 m2 ), then the solution is sn( | m) = A[sc( | m)] A cn( | m)

B B

U10

(33)

If r = 1, a = 2m2 1, b = 2m2 (m2 1), then the solution is sn( | m) dn( | m)

B

U11 = A[sd( | m)]B A

(34)

If r = m2 (m2 1), a = 2m2 1, b = 2, then the solution is dn( | m) = A[ds( | m)] A sn( | m)
B B

U12

(35)

16

If r = 1/4, a = (1 2m2 )/2, b = 1/2, then the solution is

U13 = A[ns( | m) cs( | m)]B .

(36)

If r = (1 m2 )/4, a = (1 + m2 )/2, b = (1 m2 )/2, then the solution is

U14 = A[nc( | m) sc( | m)]B . If r = m4 /4, a = (m2 2)/2, b = 1/2, then the solution is

(37)

U15 = A[ns( | m) + ds( | m)]B .

(38)

If r = m2 /4, a = (m2 2)/2, b = m2 /2, i2 = 1 then the solution is

U16 = A[sn( | m) icn( | m)]B .

(39)

In addition, we see that other solutions are obtained in case of degeneracies: when m 0, the Jacobi elliptic and combined Jacobi elliptic functions degenerate to the trigonometric functions of the given NLPDE (1) i.e. sn( | m) sin(), cn( | m) cos(), dn( | m) 1, ns( |

m) csc( | m), cs( | m) cot(), ds( | m) sec(),

when m 1, the Jacobi elliptic and combined Jacobi elliptic functions degenerate to the soliton and combined soliton wave solutions of the given NLPDE (1) i.e. sn( | m) tanh(), cn( | m) sech(), dn( | m) sech(), ns( | m) coth(), cs( | m) csch(), ds( | m) csch().

17

So we can derive solutions expressed in terms of trigonometric functions and hyperbolic functions. We omit them for simplicity. It is worth noticing that the Jacobi transformation dn( | m) = cn( m | m1 ) [36] implies that any solution found by the dn-function may be transformed into an equivalent one that can be obtained by cn-function. Moreover, since other Jacobi elliptic function and combined Jacobi elliptic function solutions obtained here for the point of view of mathematics as solutions of Eq.(8) have singularities, and its well known for the point of view of physics that the singular solutions cannot have any meaning in the applications, we may focus only on non singular solutions among the listed mathematical solutions. When B > 0 (i.e. B = 1 or B = 2) non singular solutions are given by (26.a), (27) and (28). When B < 0 (i.e. B = 1 or B = 2) non singular solutions are selected to be (29.a), (30) and (31). Other interesting fact here is that by selecting B = 1 (or B = 2), the solutions (29.a), (30) and (31) are reduced to the same family of solutions as (26.a), (27) and (28) respectively when B = 1 (or B = 2). Taking into account the above mentioned remarks, we have plotted for B = 1 and B = 2, some gures to illustrate our study or to raise the physics value of our study.

18

Figure 1: The plot of sn, tanh , cn and sech solutions respectively. These non singular solutions are the structure graphes of Eq.(11) that is Ut +kUx + 1 Uxxt + 2 (U 5 )x = 4 (6Ux (U 4 )xx U (U 4 )xxx ), the two rst graphes are obtained for the values 1 = 1.00, 2 = 1.50, 4 = 0.75, k = 2.00, meanwhile the last two graphes have the same parameter values except that 4 = 0.75.

Figure 2: The plot of sn2 , tanh2 , cn2 and sech2 solutions respectively. These non singular solutions are the structure graphes of Eq.(12) that is Ut +kUx + 1 Uxxt + 2 (U 3 )x = 4 (3Ux (U 2 )xx U (U 2 )xxx ), the two rst graphes are obtained for the values 1 = 1.00, 2 = 1.50, 4 = 0.75, k = 2.00, meanwhile the last two graphes have the same parameter values except that 4 = 0.75, k = 2.00.

Figure 3: The plot of sn, tanh , cn and sech solutions respectively. These non singular solutions are the structure graphes of Eq.(13) that is Ut + kUx + 1 Uxxt + 2 (U 3 )x = 4 (4Ux (U 2 )xx U (U 2 )xxx ), the two rst graphes are obtained for the parameter values 1 = 1.00, 2 = 1.5, 4 = 0.75, k = 2.00, 1 = 0.65, meanwhile the last two graphes have the same parameter values but for 4 = 0.75, k = 2.00

19

Figure 4: The plot of sn2 , tanh2 , cn2 and sech2 solutions respectively. These non singular solutions are the structure graphes of Eq.(14) that is Ut + kUx + 1 Uxxt + 2 (U 2 )x = 4 (2Ux (U )xx U (U )xxx ), the two rst graphes are obtained for the values 1 = 1.00, 2 = 1.50, 4 = 0.75, k = 2.00, 1 = 0.65, meanwhile the last two graphes have the same parameter values except that 4 = 0.75, k = 2.00.

Figure 5: The plot of sn, tanh , cn and sech solutions respectively. These non singular solutions are the structure graphes of Eq.(22) that is Ut +kUx + 1 Uxxt + 2 (U )x = 4 (4Ux (U 2 )xx U (U 2 )xxx ), the two rst graphes are obtained for the values 1 = 1.00, 2 = 1.50, 4 = 0.75, k = 2.00, 1 = 0.65, meanwhile the last two graphes have the same parameter values but for 4 = 0.75, k = 2.00.

Figure 6: The plot of sn2 , tanh2 , cn2 and sech2 solutions respectively. These non singular solutions are the structure graphes of Eq.(23) that is Ut + kUx + 1 Uxxt + 2 (U )x = 4 (2Ux (U )xx U (U )xxx ), the two rst graphes are obtained for the values 1 = 1.00, 2 = 1.50, 4 = 0.75, k = 2.00, 1 = 0.65, meanwhile the last two graphes have the same parameter values except that 4 = 0.75, k = 2.00.

20

Conclusion

In this work, we have applied an indirect F function method very close to the F -expansion method to solve the generalized Camassa-Holm equation with fully nonlinear dispersion and fully nonlinear convection term C(l, n, p). By using this F function method, we have been able to obtain in a unied way simultaneously many periodic wave solutions expressed by various single and combined non degenerative Jacobi elliptic function solutions and their degenerative solutions (When the modulus m is driven to 1 and 0). This method gives elliptic solutions for specic values of the parameters n, p, l and for arbitrary values of 1 and 2 , but 3 and 4 must be proportional with the proportionality constants for various cases given explicitly. In the various Camassa-Holm classes listed below, 3 is replaced by the appropriate expression of 4 . The following Camassa-Holm Family of equations has been solved by this indirect F function method Ut + kUx + 1 Uxxt + 2 (U 5 )x = 4 (6Ux (U 4 )xx U (U 4 )xxx ), Ut + kUx + 1 Uxxt + 2 (U 3 )x = 4 (3Ux (U 2 )xx U (U 2 )xxx ), Ut + kUx + 1 Uxxt + 2 (U 3 )x = 4 (4Ux (U 2 )xx U (U 2 )xxx ), Ut + kUx + 1 Uxxt + 2 (U 2 )x = 4 (2Ux (U )xx U (U )xxx ), Ut + kUx + 1 Uxxt + 2 (U )x = 4 (4Ux (U 2 )xx U (U 2 )xxx ), Ut + kUx + 1 Uxxt + 2 (U )x = 4 (2Ux (U )xx U (U )xxx ).

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Acknowledgements The author would like to thank the referee for his/her valuable suggestion. He is grateful to Professor George Sell of the School of Mathematics for valuable discussions. He will like to thank Profs. Douglas Arnold, Debra Lewis and Pamela Cook of the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications of Minneapolis for their warmhearted help. This research was supported in part by the Institute for Mathematics and its Applications with funds provided by National Science Foundation.

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[34] F. Bowman, Introduction to Elliptic Functions with Applications, University, London, 1959. [35] V. Prasolov, Y. Solovyev, Elliptic Functions and Elliptic Integrals, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 1997. [36] K.W. Chow, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 69 (2000) 1313; K.W. Chow, Phys. Lett. A 326 (2004) 404. Hi Janet, Thank you for the draft. is my reaction. - Problem 23: b) Since there are 3 transformations, the question can count only 3 points instead of 5. The additional points of the question b) may be put in question c (now named second b) and in question d (now named c). Please also update the questions (repetition of question b in the problem). - Problem 25: c) ... that the rst one is red and the other two are white should be replaced by that one red marble and two white marbles are drawn. - For Multiple choice problems Problem 17: there is a problem here. P(show prot)+P(absorb a loss)=1, but in the problem that sum is greater than 1. Please check. Here are my solutions for multiple choice Problems. 1) d 2) b 3) c 4) e 5) a 6) c 7) e 8) e 9) d 10) a 11) d 12) c (please can you include the parentheses in the function log) 13) b 14) e 15) a 16) e 17) 18) d 19) d 20) a. Here are the statistics (without problem 17) 4 answers with a 2 answers with b 3 answers with c 5 answers with d 5 answers with e. Millions Thanks for your job. best, Emmanuel.

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