Sun, Wind & Architecture - CP

October 24, 2007 6:53 Research Publishing: PLEA07: Program & Abstracts
2224 November 2007

National University of Singapore
Singapore
P L E A
SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE + URBAN DESIGN
i
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Passive and Low Energy Architecture: Sun, Wind and Architecture
Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on
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This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproducedin any formor by any means, elec-
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ISBN 978-981-05-9400-8
Printed in Thailand
ii
Preface
The Department of Architecture of the National University of Singapore is committed
to environmental sustainability in architecture and planning. We provide expertise
and visions from building integrated Photovoltaic to sustainable cities with particu-
lar focus on the Tropics and Subtropics.
It gives us great pleasure to host the 24th PLEA conference. PLEA stands for Passive
and Low Energy Architecture. Its international annual conferences provide an excel-
lent platform for exchange and networking and have been traveling through many
countries, mainly in Europe and the Americas.
PLEA2007 is actually the rst PLEAconference in Singapore and South East Asia. We
thus welcome Professionals, Academia, Industry and Members of the Government
from East and West to close ties under our ofcial conference theme Sun, Wind, and
Architecture.
PLEA 2007 comprises of a Design Symposium and Workshop which are run by prac-
tising architects and engineers, as well as 100 oral and 40 paper presentations from
250 foreign architects and researcher. Our international keynote speakers have back-
grounds in practise, academia and government and will focus on design, legislation
and users.
Dr. Mohamad Maliki Bin Osman, Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of National De-
velopment and Professor Koen Steemers, President of PLEA and Professor of Sus-
tainable Design at the University of Cambridge (UK) will be the Guests-of-Honour of
our PLEA 2007 Opening Ceremony.
Welcome to Singapore and PLEA 2007 Conference, Design Symposium and Work-
shop!
Dr. Stephen K. Wittkopf
Chairman, PLEA 2007
iii
School of Design and Environment
(SDE), Block SDE3, Level 4, LT424
07:30 09:00
09:00 10:00
10:00 10:30
10:30 12:00
15:50 16:30
10:15 10:45
13:30 14:00
Session P1
Poster Presentation Mini-Papers
Session P2
Poster Presentation Mini-Papers
15:50 16:30
19:00 21:00
10:15 10:45
14:00 18:00
19:00 21:00
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Opening Ceremony @ University Cultural Centre (UCC), National University of Singapore
Welcome and Introduction
PLEA Achievements and Challenges
Guest-of-Honour: Professor Koen Steemers, Current PLEA President, University of Cambridge, UK
Singapores Sustainable Built Environment
Guest-of-Honour: Dr. Mohamad Maliki Bin Osman, Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of National Development
Keynote Speeches @ University Cultural Centre (UCC), National University of Singapore
Keynote 1: The European Strategy towards Sustainability in the Built Environment
Professor Paula San Payo CADIMA, European Commission, Brussels; Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
Keynote 2: People, Systems, Environment - Exploring the Patterns and Impact of Control-Oriented Occupant Actions in Buildings
Univ. Professor DI Dr. Ardeshir Mahdavi, Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Keynote 3: Advanced Sustainable Building Design to Create the Desired Japan 2050 Future
Professor PhD Toshiharu Ikaga, Keio University, Japan
Morning Break
Lunch Break
Design Symposium
Chairperson: ONG Boon Lay Design Posters
Presentation (5 mins each)Guest Speakers:
Kevin LOW (Malaysia) YANG Pow Sing
(Singapore) Round Table Discussion
10:45 12:35
Session 2B
Climate Responsive Architecture, Solar
Architecture
Session 2C
Sustainable Building Assessment, Methods
and Policies
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Session 4A
Design Support Tools and Simulation
Session 4B
Passive and Low Energy Architecture Case
Studies
Session 4C
Daylighting and Ventilation
Session 3C
Sustainable Building Assessment, Methods
and Policies
Session 2A
Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency
16:30 18:00
08:45 10:15
Session 3A
Design Support Tools and Simulation
Evening Break
14:00 15:50
Session 5A
Comfort Models, Quantitative and
Qualitative Performance
Session 5B
Materials and Greening
Session 5C
Climate Responsive Architecture,
Solar Architecture
Workshop
19:00 20:30
Lunch Break and Transfer to School of Design and Environment for Parallel Technical Sessions
12:35 13:30
Design Symposium
Chairperson: ONG Boon LayLead
Speaker - Alexandros N TOMBAZIS
(Greece) Guest Speakers: Anthonio ISMAIL
(Indonesia) Poul E. KEISTENSEN (Malaysia)
14:00 15:50
Session 1A
Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency
Session 1B
Climate Responsive Architecture, Solar
Architecture
Session 1C
Sustainable Planning and Urban Design
Session 3B
Passive and Low Energy Architecture Case
Studies
Registration @ University Cultural Centre (UCC), National University of Singapore
Workshop
Session 6B
Passive and Low Energy Architecture
Case Studies
Session 6C
Sustainable Building Assessment,
Methods and Policies
Evening Break
Annual PLEA Meeting @ University Cultural Centre (UCC), National University of Singapore
16:30 18:00
Session 6A
Comfort Models, Quantitative and
Qualitative Performance
12:00 14:00
Conference Dinner (Transport Provided)
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08:45 10:15
Session 7A
Session 7B
Architectural Education for Sustainable Design
Session 7C
User-Building-Interaction and Post
Occupancy Evaluation
Morning Break
Morning Break
12:35 14:00 Lunch Break
10:45 12:35
Session 8A
Session 8B
Architectural Education for Sustainable Design
Session 8C
User-Building-Interaction and Post
Occupancy Evaluation
Conference Dinner (Transport Provided)
Post Conference Tours (Cost not Included in Conference Fees )
Urban Redevelopment Authority Singapore City Gallery http://www.ura.gov.sg/gallery/
National Library of Singapore http://www.nlb.gov.sg
Horticulture Park http://www.nparks.gov.sg
LaSalle College of the Arts http://www.lasalle.edu.sg
iv
Technical Program
v
vi
October 24, 2007 6:53 Research Publishing: PLEA07: Program &
Abstracts
Thursday, 22 November 2007
Registration
Time 07:3009:00 hrs
Venue University Cultural Centre (UCC), National University of Singapore
Opening Ceremony
Time 09:0010:00 hrs
Welcome and Introduction 09:0010:00 hrs

Time 09:0010:00 hrs
PLEA Achievements and Challenges
Guest-of-Honour: Professor Koen Steemers
Current PLEA President, University of Cambridge, UK
Time 09:0010:00 hrs
Singapores Sustainable Built Environment
Guest-of-Honour: Dr. Mohamad Maliki Bin Osman
Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of National Development
Morning Break 10:0010:30 hrs

Time 10:3012:00 hrs
Keynote 1: The European Strategy towards Sustainability in
the Built Environment
Professor Paula San Payo CADIMA, European Commission,
Brussels; Technical University of Lisbon, Portugal
vii
viii Technical Program
Time 10:3012:00 hrs
Keynote 2: People, Systems, Environment Exploring the
Patterns and Impact of Control-Oriented Occupant Actions in
Buildings
Univ. Professor DI Dr. Ardeshir Mahdavi,
Vienna University of Technology, Austria
Time 10:3012:00 hrs
Keynote 3: Advanced Sustainable Building Design to Create
the Desired Japan 2050 Future
Professor PhD Toshiharu Ikaga, Keio University, Japan
Lunch Break
12:0014:00 hrs
Session [1A] Renewable Energies and Energy Efciency
Date/Time Thursday, 22 November 2007 / 14:00 15:50 hrs
Venue School of Design and Environment (SDE), Block SDE3, LT424
Chair(s) To be advised
[P0333] Improving Energy Yields from Wind Turbines in Urban Areas
Alan Harries, Neil Campbell and Sinisa Stankovic
[P0153] From Thermal Collectors Integration to Active Facade Systems
Maria Cristina Munari Probst and Christian Roecker
[P0173] An Empirical Approach to BIPV Application and Performance in
Malaysia
Lim Chin Haw, Elias Salleh, M. Fakri Zaky and Zalina Shari
[P0525] Strategic Energy Planning Decision-Making from Early Design to
Detailed Design Stages
Kirk Shanks and Patrick Daly
Break and Transfer to School of Design and Environment for Parallel Technical Sessions
Technical Program ix
[P0500] Building within an Energetic Context Low-exergy Design Based
on Local Energy Potentials and Excess or Shortage of Energy
Andy van den Dobbelsteen, Sabine Jansen, Anne-Lor` ene Vernay
and Leo Gommans
Session [1B] Climate Responsive Architecture, Solar Architecture
[P0519] Climate-Responsiveness of Building Elements
Remco Looman, Hans Cauberg, Andy van den Dobbelsteen,
Arjan van Timmeren and Martin Tenpierik
[P0167] Passive Architecture and Local Identity: The design of Jin-Chang
Culture Centre, Gan-Su, China
Li Zhang
[P0501] Home of the 21st Century The Design of a Portable, Flexible,
Environment-Interactive and User-Friendly Dwelling
Onno Faber, Andy van den Dobbelsteen, Machiel van Dorst and
Jan van de Voort
[P0263] Making Sense: A Passive Response to Modern Living in South
Florida
Mate Thitisawat, Francis Lyn and Stirling Moore
[P0315] Morphologic Alternatives to Maximize Solar Space Heating in Urban
Buildings of Arid Zone Cities
Arboit Mariela, Diblasi Angela, Mesa Alejandro and de Rosa Carlos
Session [1C] Sustainable Planning and Urban Design
[P0435] The Biomimetic Solar City: Solar Derived Urban Form Using a
Forest-Growth Inspired Methodology
Craig Lee Martin and Greg Keeffe
x Technical Program
[P0136] Towards Formulating an Urban Climatic Map for High Density
Cities An Experience from Hong Kong
Edward Ng, Lutz Katzschner, Una Wang and Jochen Mulder
[P0123] Strategies and Concepts for Thermal Comfort Discussions in Urban
Planning to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Extremes
Lutz Katzschner, Helmut Mayer, Christl Drey and Michael Bruse
[P0231] A Pilot Study of Urban Ventilation and Wall Effects of Buildings in
High Density City Design An Experience of Hong Kong
Kiang Ngai Sze Karen, Lam Wing Yan, Yuen Hin Yu and
Ng Yan Yung Edward
[P0129] A Design, Planning and Urban Administration Strategy for
Sustainability
W. Cecil Steward and Sharon B. Kuska
Evening Break 15:5016:30 hrs

Session [2A] Renewable Energies and Energy Efciency
[P0104] Benchmarking Carbon Emissions of Ofce Buildings in Bahrain
Hassan Radhi and Steve Sharples
[P0210] Buildings in a Changing Climate Effects of Global Warming on
Energy Use
Hans Rosenlund
[P0232] The Rogers House: Innovative Design and Post Occupancy
Evaluation of an Energy Efcient House in Thailand
Sakkara Rasisuttha and David Rogers
[P0308] Life Cycle Inventory of Extremely Low Energy Dwellings
Griet Verbeeck and Hugo Hens
Technical Program xi
[P0463] Energetic Implications of Alternative Lighting Control Strategies in
an Educational Building
Antonio Frattari, Michela Chiogna and Ardeshir Mahdavi
Session [2B] Climate Responsive Architecture, Solar Architecture
[P0189] An Investigation of Ventilation at Ground Level in High Density
CitiesAn Initial Study in Hong Kong
Chao Ren and Edward Ng
[P0252] Human Comfort, Urban Climate Change and Energy Use: Assessing
Adaptation Options for the Rapidly Growing Tropical Mega-Cities
Rohinton Emmanuel
[P0548] Assessment Criteria for Form Environmental Performance of
Building Envelope in Hot ARID Climates
Ahmed Elseragy and Amira Elnokaly
[P0397] Opportunities and Restrictions of Bioclimatic Architecture Applied
to Architectural Design Developed in the City of Florianopolis
Rafael Prado Cartana and Fernando Oscar Ruttkay Pereira
Session [2C] Sustainable Building Assessment, Methods and Policies
[P0366] Integral Design Methodology for Sustainable IFD Buildings and
Flexergy in Energy Infrastructures
W. Zeiler, G. Boxem, M. A. van Houten, P. Savanovic, E. M. C. J. Quanjel,
W. Wortel, J. A. J. van der Velden, J. F. de Haan, I. G. Kamphuis
and M. P. F. Hommelberg
xii Technical Program
[P0352] Integrating Energy Rating and Carbon Limitation in Irish Building
Regulations a Comparative Analysis of Ireland and UK/(Eng/Wales)
Patrick Daly
[P0193] Experiences in the Development of Sustainable Design Methodology
for a Residential Complex La Piedra in Maracaibo, Venezuela
Timo M arquez Arreaza, Ricardo Vargas Romero
and France Aguilar Galiz
[P0218] Going Beyond Local Regulations on the Built Environment:
Considerations and Implications in the Design Process for the City of
Maracaibo, Venezuela
Timo M arquez Arreaza, Ver onica Reyes and Nastia Almao
Annual PLEA Meeting
19:00 20:30 hrs
Meeting @ School of Design and Environment (SDE), Block SDE3, LT427

Technical Program xiii
Friday, 23 November 2007
Session [3A] Design Support Tools and Simulation
Date/Time Friday, 23 November 2007 / 08:45 10:15 hrs
[P0230] Accounting for Urban Microclimate in Computer Simulation of
Building Energy Performance
Evyatar Erell, Veronica Soebarto and Terence Williamson
[P0283] Numerical Analysis of the Thermal Inuence of Building Design on
Urban Environment Development of Thermal Design Tool for
Outdoor Space using 3D-CAD
Kazuaki Nakaohkubo, Akira Hoyano and Takashi Asawa
[P0420] The Performance of a Partially Air Conditioned Apartment Building
in Kuala Lumpur
Sabarinah Sh. Ahmad and Steven V. Szokolay
[P0188] Modelling the Air Flows in Urban Places in Hong Kong Using
Large-Eddy Simulation
Marcus Oliver Letzel, Xipo An and Edward Ng
Session [3B] Passive and Low Energy Architecture Case Studies
[P0360] The Realities of Environmental Design Initiatives in Architectural
Practice
Dana Raydan, Peter Williams, Juliet Landler, Red Ventura,
Peter McLaughlin and Phil Dordai
xiv Technical Program
[P0547] Naturally Ventilated Tall Ofce Building in the Tropics Learning
from Bawa
Beng Kiang Tan, Uma Maheswaran Cr and Shunjuan Hong
[P0396] The Tall Building and the Architectural Utopians: The Role of
Environmental Issues and the Challenge of a Design Exercise in S ao
Paulo
Erica Mitie Umakoshi and Joana Carla Gon calves
[P0208] Retrotting of the NTUA Student Residence Building with the use of
an Innovative Aluminium skin
Euphrosyne Triantis, Flora Bougiatioti and Aineias Oikonomou
[P0298] An Irish Building Environmental Assessment Method
Paul Kenny, Neasa Hourigan and Vivienne Brophy
[P0119] Geographical Information System (GIS)-Based Urban Heat Island
Study in NUS Campus
Wong Nyuk Hien and Steve Kardinal Jusuf
[P0535] Support Procedures for Decision Makers on the Sustainable Urban
Development of Coastal Areas
Ana Rosa Lombardi, Miguel Aloysio Sattler and Luis Carlos Bonin
[P0401] LEED Outside Its Native Environment: Potentialities and
Inconsistencies for its Application in Brazil
Thiago Zaldini Hernandes and Denise Helena Duarte
Abstracts
Technical Program xv
Session [D1] DESIGN SYMPOSIUM Hot Climate, Cool Design
Date/Time Friday, 23 November 2007 / [5 Mins Each] 08:45 10:15 hrs
Venue School of Design and Environment (SDE), Block SDE3, Level 4, LT423
Chair(s) ONG Boon Lay
Lead Speaker: Alexandros N. TOMBAZIS (Greece)
Guest Speakers: Anthonio ISMAIL (Indonesia) and
Poul E. KEISTENSEN (Malaysia)
[DP0158] Botany Classroom
C. Fong, V. Sagia and S. Vujeva
[DP0508] Environmental Responsive Housing: A Multi Family Housing Project
in the Tropical Mega City
Hiroki Toyosaki, Yuchiro Kodama and Yusuke Kuchii
[DP0227] Understanding Climate for Energy Efcient/Sustainable Design
Anir Kumar Upadhyay
[DP0467] Sustainable Architecture Tool for the Colombian Humid Tropic
E. Caro, Y. Kodama and C. Hasui
[DP0438] Observation of Heat Isand and Land use in Cambridge
Chen Shuo Dana Raydan
[DP0214] A Combined Computational Method for Determining Natural
Ventilation Potentials in Planning Process
Tung-Shen Hsie
Morning Break 10:15 10:45 hrs

Session [4A] Design Support Tools and Simulation
[P0166] Orientation, Building Height and Sky View Factor as Energy
Efciency Design Parameters
L ea Cristina Lucas de Souza and Marcio Luis Yamaguti
Abstracts
xvi Technical Program
[P0274] BIM: Dening Opportunities for Environmentally Sensitive Design
Ute Poerschke and Loukas Kalisperis
[P0279] The Development of Energy Efciency Building Codes in the ASEAN
Area - A Quarter-Century Review and the Proposal for a Design Tool
for Commercial Buildings in Vietnam
Viet Tuan Do, Alan N. Young, Nico Kienzl and Gerald Pde
[P0445] A Numerical Method for Analyzing the Microclimatic Effect of
Bioclimatic Design Using a Combination of CFD and Outdoor
Thermal Simulation
Arisa Kakuya, Jiang He and Akira Hoyano
[P0416] Energy Efciency of an Indirect Evaporative Passive Cooling System
Axa Rojas and Eduardo Gonzalez
[P0334] Ground Cooling and Night Ventilation in the Italian Casa in Linea
Arianna Sdei
[P0460] Cooling by Roof Pond with Floating Insulation in the Hot Humid
Climate of Veracruz, Mexico
Jos e Roberto Garca Ch avez, Baruch Givoni and Stepahnie Mundet
[P0474] Case Study in Passive Architecture: Energy Savings Benet in a
Detached House in Malaysia
Wan Rahmah Mohd Zaki, Abdul Hadi Nawawi and Sabarinah Sh Ahmad
Session [4C] Daylighting and Ventilation
[P0327] Effects of Roof Design on the Wind-induced Ventilation Performance
of Atrium Spaces
Rong Li and Adrian Pitts
Technical Program xvii
[P0502] Efcient Lighting Strategies for Ofce Rooms in Tropical Climates
Friedrich Linhart and Jean-Louis Scartezzini
[P0426] Development of Optical Light Pipes for Ofce Spaces
Liliana O. Beltr an and Betina Martins Mogo
[P0187] Satellite-Based Method to Predict Global Illuminance for Better
Daylight Design in Sub-Tropical Region
Zhengjun He and Edward Ng
[P0429] Visual Performance at Different Workstation Positions Under
Daylight in Ofce Building in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Zuraini Denan, Phil Jones, Don Alexander and
Muhammad Hazi Hashim
Session [D2] DESIGN SYMPOSIUM Hot Climate, Cool Design
Date/Time Friday, 23 November 2007 / [5 Mins Each] 10:45 12:35 hrs
Guest Speakers: Kevin LOW (Malaysia) and
YANG Pow Sing (Singapore) & Round Table Discussion
[DP0269] Modern Courtyard Houses
Anir Kumar Upadhyay
[DP0355] Climatic Dimension in Vernacular Chinese Housing
Jean Bouillot
[DP0562] Public Living Room Outdoor Comfort in Hot and Humid Climate
Joyce Chan
[DP0168] Effect of Staggered Housing Layout on Internal Airow of Houses in
Malaysia
Noor Hanita Abdul Majid, Hokoi Shuichi and AbdulRazak Sapian
[DP0206] Dube Light Pipe: An Innovative System of Day Light Trasmission
Carlo Baroncini, Fabrizio Chella and Paolo Zazzini
[DP0553] Natural Light in Restoration: Use of a Double Light Pipe in a
Historical Building
Fabrizio Chella and Emiliana Gentile
xviii Technical Program
Lunch Break 12:3513:30 hrs

Session [P1] Poster Presentation Mini-Papers
& LT426
1. Renewable Energies and Energy Efciency
[MP0329] Experiences with an Innovative Energy System: Refurbishment and
Enlargement of a Rationalist Building in Italy to a Solar Active
Building
Alexanda Troi, Assunta Napolitano and Wolfram Sparber
[MP0371] Monitoring Buildings with Non-Computerized Heating Systems:
Optimization of Energy Performance by Variations in Use and
Management
Erika Mata and Fabi an L opez

[MP0251] Designing and Constructing to the PassivHaus Standard in
Temperate Climate
Irena Kondratenko, Vivienne Brophy and Patxi Hernandez
[MP0516] Renewable Energy Sources and Greek Islands
Agapi Fylaktou Cattaneo
2. Climate Responsive Architecture, Solar Architecture
[MP0325] Design Strategies for Environmentally Sustainable Residential
Towers in the Cool Temperate Climate
Sabina Fazlic
[MP0359] Design Considerations for Energy Efcient Housing Past, Present
and Future
Dana Raydan, Eirini Tsianaka and Peter Williams
[MP0419] Sustain Contemporary Architecture into Climatic Condition Case
Study of Gorgan City
Mansoureh Tahbaz and Shahrbanoo Djalilian
Abstracts
Technical Program xix
[MP0278] House as a Tree: An Efcient Natural Base Architectural Design for
Temperature Control and Energy Saving
Francisco Javier C ardenas Mungua and Gisela M endez
[MP0156] Examination and Review of Passive Solar Cooling Strategies in
Middle Eastern and North African Vernacular Architecture
Fewzi Fardeheb
3. Passive and Low-Energy Architecture Case Studies
[MP0260] Integration of Teaching and Research: Design Development for a
Range of Autonomous Buildings
B. Sodagar, Professor J. C. Chilton, B. Gilroy Scott and N. Lowthrop
[MP0174] Development of Floating, Residental Buildings in Passive House
Technology
Christoph Buxbaum, Albert Seiler and Oskar Pankratz
[MP0241] The Potential of Earth-Air Heat Exchangers for Low Energy Cooling
of Buildings
Abdullahi Ahmed, Andrew Miller and Kenneth Ip
[MP0194] Low-Income Housing: An Approach Through Sustainable Design
Debra L. Raymont
4. Sustainable Planning and Urban Design
[MP0205] Parametric Study on the Thermal Effect of Spatial form and Solar
Reectance and Heat Capacity of Buildings: Aimed at Designing a
Comfortable and Less-Impact Built Environment
Hanae Ichimura, Jiang He and Akira Hoyano
[MP0259] An Empirical Study on Outdoor Thermal Environment of Residential
Developments and Street Blocks in Hong Kong
Joyce Tai and Stephen S. Y. Lau
[MP0295] Sustainable Architecture: Good Environmental Performance that is
Inspirational
Flavia Melo Tarmo
5. Sustainable Building Assessment, Methods and Policies
[MP0409] Analysis of Sustainable Buildings Strategies in Rural Areas in Mexico
Silvia Arias
xx Technical Program
[MP0410] Application of Green Buildings Technologies in the Construction
Regulations of Mexico
David Avila
[MP0326] Comparison of the Environmental Performance of Different
Constructions at Buildings
Chrisi Tompa and Argiro Dimoudi
6. Design Support Tools and Simulation
[MP0179] An Evaluation Model of the Different Components of Solar Radiation
Impinging on Vertical Surfaces in Consolidated Urban Environments
Alejandro Mesa, Mariela Arboit and Carlos de Rosa
[MP0233] The Use of Computer Simulation Technique in the Calculation of
Vertical Daylight Factor for Heavily Obstructed Urban Environments
Baharuddin
7. Comfort Models, Quantitative and Qualitative Performance Criteria
[MP0445] Thermal Environment and Human Thermal Responses in
Air-Conditioned Ofces in Taiwan
Ruey Lung Hwang, Tzu Pin Lin, Pei-Wen Chen, Boon Ting Teo and
Yi Shuan Lin
[MP0147] Energy Efcient Laboratory Design A New Approach to Improve
Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort
Farhad Memarzadeh, Andy Manning and Zheng Jiang
[MP0472] Performance Assessment of Double Roofs Incorporating Radiant
Barrier System
Chi-ming Lai, Che-ming Chiang and J. S. Chiou
8. Materials and Greening
[MP0170] The Effect of Shading on the Night-Time Radiant Cooling of the
Materials Used on Horizontal City Surfaces
Flora Bougiatioti
[MP0177] An Experimental Study and Simulation of PCM in Real Climatic
Conditions
Radoslav Ponechal
Technical Program xxi
[MP0341] The Albedo of the Surfaces. In-the-Field Test Procedure for Building
Skin Characterization
Luca Gattoni, Tiziana Poli, Riccardo Arlunno
and Andrea Giovanni Mainini
[MP0387] The Impact of Urban Vegetation on Microclimate in Hot Humid S ao
Paulo
J org Spangenberg, Paula Shinzato, Erik Johansson and Denise Duarte
[MP0338] The Use of Alternative Agricultural Materials for Insulation of
Residential Properties: Results from a Performance Simulation Study
Satta Panyakaew and Adrian Pitts
[MP0471] Investigation on Thermal-Insulation Capability of Hollow Bricks
Incorporating Phase Change Materials
Chi-ming Lai, Che-ming Chiang and C. J. Ho
9. Daylight in Buildings and Ventilation
[MP0316] The Role of Courtyards in Relation to Luminous Conditions
Eirini Tsianaka
[MP0418] Review on the study of Daylighting in Atria: Finding the Gaps in
Knowledge
Julitta Yunus, Sabarinah Sh. Ahmad and Azni Zain-Ahmed
[MP0436] Daylighting in Historical Centres: The Case of an Architects Ofce in
Seville
Benito Sanchez-Monta nes Macias and Jose Maria Cabeza Lainez
[MP0433] Lighting Features in Indian-Style Traditional Architecture
Jose Maria Cabeza Lainez
[MP0304] An Integral Approach to Improve Ventilation Design of Dutch
Schools
Wim Zeiler and Gert Boxem
[MP0447] Daylighting from Top-Lit Atrium Buildings in Kuala Lumpur
Ahmad Ridzwan Othman, Azni Zain-Ahmed and Seti Mariam Ayop
xxii Technical Program
10. User-Building-Interaction and Post Occupancy Evaluation
[MP0529] Economic Dwelling for the Very-Low Income Population in ARID
Zones and Thermal Comfort in Mexicali, Mexico
Ramona Romero, Eduardo V azquez, Gonzalo Boj orquez, Ricardo Gallegos,
Mara Corral and Anbal Luna
[MP0143] Shade and Wind Like Elements that Promote the Socialization and
the Rooting of the Community Space
Francisco Javier C ardenas Mungua, Martha Eugenia Ch avez Gonz alez and
Reyna Valladares Anguiano
Session [5A] Comfort Models, Quantitative and Qualitative Performance
[P0106] Empirical Evaluation of Outdoor Thermal Comfort Models
Considering Different Microclimatic Conditions
Leonardo Marques Monteiro and Marcia Peinado Alucci
[P0131] Outdoor Thermal Comfort for Hong Kong People: A Longitudinal
Study
Vicky Cheng, Edward Ng and Baruch Givoni
[P0282] Effects of Tree Canopies on Solar Radiation Filtration in a Tropical
Microclimatic Environment
Mohd Fairuz Shahidan, Elias Salleh and K. M. S. Mustafa
[P0292] Microclimatic and Behavioural Diversities of Semi-Enclosed Urban
Precincts in the Tropics
Indrika Rajapaksha
Technical Program xxiii
Session [5B] Materials and Greening
[P0191] VIP Integrated Facade Designs: The Advantage of Combining High
Thermal Performance with Limited Construction Thickness
Martin Tenpierik and Hans Cauberg
[P0314] Study on Healing Potential of Green Space in a Compact University
Campus by Means of a Vertical Greening Approach
Feng Yang and Stephen S. Y. Lau
[P0399] Passive Cooling of Buildings by the Application of Cool Coatings
A. Synnefa and M. Santamouris
[P0353] Assessing the Shading Performance of Climbing Plant Canopies
Kenneth Ip, Marta Hoi-Yan Lam and Andrew Miller
Session [5C] Climate Responsive Architecture, Solar Architecture
[P0482] Thermal Optimisation of the Vertical Opaque Envelope: Variable
Insulation an Innovative Approach
Selwin Wever and Paula Cadima
[P0402] Determination of the Solar Absorptance of Opaque Surfaces
Kelen Dornelles, Victor Roriz and Maurcio Roriz
[P0344] A Tale of Two Hammams: Indoor Environmental Conditions in
Traditional Bath Buildings
Ardeshir Mahdavi, Kristina Orehounig and Nina Mikats
[P0444] Application of Thermal Performance of Rammed Earth Wall on
Passive Design: A Case Study in Temperate Climate of Japan
Futoshi Miyaoka, Yuichiro Kodama, Chikako Hasui, Kumiko Hatanaka and
Koji Takemasa
xxiv Technical Program
Workshop
14:0015:50 hrs
Evening Break 15:5016:30 hrs

Session [6A] Comfort Models, Quantitative and Qualitative Performance
[P0328] The Inuence of Albedo of Surfaces on Microclimatic Modications.
New Scenarios for Milano
Tiziana Poli, Luca P. Gattoni, Riccardo Arlunno, Giorgio Pansa and
Daniele Zappal` a
[P0266] Interpreting Fangers Comfort Equation within the Adaptive
Paradigm
Dirk A. Schwede
[P0146] Simulating Human Thermal Comfort and Resulting Usage Patterns
of Urban Open Spaces with a Multi-Agent System
Michael Bruse
[P0561] Design Features Evolved in a Vernacular House Under Hot and
Humid Climate with Measured Results of Indoor Environment
Ken-Ichi Kimura
[P0190] Practical Studies of Ecological Architecture for Chinas Loess Plateau
Region
Mu Jun and Edward Ng
Workshop @ School of Design and Environment (SDE), Block SDE3, LT423

Technical Program xxv
[P0475] A Comparative Study of the Efciency in Reducing Heat Gain
Through Roof Between Using Attic Ventilation and Using
Aluminium Foil
Pantuda Puthipiroj
[P0134] The Impact of PLEA Are We Making a Difference; Have We Done
Enough?
Robert Vale and Brenda Vale
[P0183] The Cooling Effects of Evaporative Cooling Systems in Various
Urban Districts
Jiang He and Akira Hoyano
[P0246] KlimaHaus CasaClima A Regional Energy Certication System
Stimulates Low Energy Architecture
Yan Schmitt, Alexandra Troi, Georg Pichler and Wolfram Sparber
[P0268] The Implementation Decit of Sustainable Construction in Flanders,
Belgium. Estimation and Proposals for Enhanced Strategies
Han Vandevyvere and Herman Neuckermans
[P0374] Solar & Aeolic Environmental Control of the Built Environment Case
of Study: Urban Housing Developments, Maracaibo (Venezuela)
G omez Nersa and Ferrer Mercedes
[P0446] Reviewing Benchmarking Approaches for Building Environmental
Assessment Tools (BEA)- Rigour Versus Practicality
Richard Hyde, Deo Prasad, John Blair, Richard Moore, Lydia Kavanagh,
Melinda Watt and Karin Schianetz
Workshop
16:3018:00 hrs
Conference Dinner (Transport Provided) 19:0021:00 hrs

xxvi Technical Program
Saturday, 24 November 2007
Session [7A] Daylighting and Ventilation
Date/Time Saturday, 24 November 2007 / 08:45 10:15 hrs
[P0442] The Role of Daylighting Design in a Healing Environment of Public
Hospitals in Malaysia: A Survey
Srazali Aripin
[P0234] The Use of Anidolic Lighting System in Improving Daylight
Illuminance of High-rise Buildings in Hong Kong
Stephen S. Y. Lau, Baharuddin and Stephen K. Wittkopf
[P0245] The Inuence of Building Geometry on the Physical Urban Climate:
A Revival of Light, Air and Space
Marjolein van Esch, Truus de Bruin-Hordijk and Kees Duijvestein
[P0450] Preferential Sky Window: A New Parameter to Correlate Sky
Obstruction and Indoor Daylighting Performance
Fernando Oscar Ruttkay Pereira, Solange Maria Leder and
Anderson Claro
Session [7B] Architectural Education for Sustainable Design
[P0330] Aiding Student Understanding of Building Environments: The
Development of an E-Evaluation Toolkit
Adrian Pitts
Technical Program xxvii
[P0483] Self-Directing Learning Getting Students to Learn Effectively
About Smart and Bioclimatic Design
Andy van den Dobbelsteen and Kees van der Linden
[P0368] Laboratory Didactical Tools for Architectural Design Students in
Tropical and Subtropical Conditions
Anbal Figueroa, Victor Fuentes and Gloria Castorena
[P0221] Reality bites About the Balancing Process Between Disciplines in
the Architectural Planning Process
Heide G. Schuster and Sigrid Dany
Session [7C] User-Building-Interaction and Post Occupancy Evaluation
[P0505] Comparative Evaluation of Sustainability in the Buildings Adapted
to New Uses and Their Interaction with the Users and the
Environment
Farzin Haghparast and Amir Hossein Farahi-nia
[P0247] Longitudinal Evaluation of Affordable Housing in Scotland: Lessons
for Low Energy Features
Fionn Stevenson and Nick Williams
[P0236] Lifestyle as a Key Determinant of the Home Environment
Janice Fung, Colin D. A. Porteous and Tim Sharpe
[P0248] The Value of Architectural Inuences to the Ofce Environment on
Occupant Activity and Health
Stamatina Th. Rassia and Nick V. Baker
[P0469] An Empirical Approach to the Evaluation of Living Environments for
the Elderly
Ardeshir Mahdavi, Andrea Bodvay and Kristina Orehounig
xxviii Technical Program
Morning Break 10:1510:45 hrs

Session [8A] Daylighting and Ventilation
[P0389] Lessons from Three Daylighting Systems Used in Traditional
Architecture of the United Arab Emirates
Maitha Dalmouk AlNuaimi and Liliana O. Beltr an
[P0532] The Poetics of Sacred Light An Investigation of the Luminous
Environment in the Monastery of La Tourette
Benson Lau
[P0381] Development of a Daylighting Teaching Methodology Based on a
Conceptual Model of Reference
Veridiana Atan asio, Fernando O. Ruttkay Pereira, Aline C. S. Lopes and
Raphaela W. Fonseca
[P0198] A Simplied Method to Evaluate the Daylight and Energy
Performance in the LEED 2.2 Rating System
Dong-Hwan Ko, Mahjoub Elnimeiri and Raymond J. Clark
Session [8B] Architectural Education for Sustainable Design
[P0507] A Quantied Design Process to Congure Envelope Design for a
High Rise Building
Norhati Ibrahim
Technical Program xxix
[P0133] The Effect of Including Sustainability in Architectural Education
Brenda and Robert Vale
[P0195] Education for a More Sustainable Architecture
Miguel Aloysio Sattler
[P0280] Teaching the Relation of Environmental Sensitivity and Conceptual
Design
Ute Poerschke
[P0276] Teaching and Learning the Daylighting Phenomenon in Architecture
with Physical Models
Fernando O. Ruttkay Pereira, Alexander C. Gonz alez and
Veridiana Atanasio
Session [8C] User-Building-Interaction and Post Occupancy Evaluation
[P0113] A Post Occupancy Evaluation of a UK Sustainable School:
Performance and Perception
Steve Sharples, Rosie Parnell and Mohamed Refaee
[P0224] User Preferences for Routing and Seating in Response to Daylighting
Design in an Art Museum
Pingping Dou and Koen Steemers
[P0551] Leading by Example: Post-Occupancy Evaluation Studies of City
Council-Owned Non-Domestic Buildings in Oxford
Rajat Gupta
[P0478] User Interfaces for Occupant Interactions with Environmental
Systems in Buildings
Szucheng Chien and Ardeshir Mahdavi
[P0449] Using Daylighting Controls in Ofces? Post Occupancy Study about
their Integration with the Electric Lighting
Eul` alia Cunill, Rafael Serra and Mike Wilson
xxx Technical Program
[P0443] Visions for Open Spaces in Owner-Built Housing Areas in the City of
Campinas, Brazil: Perspectives of a Greener Urban Landscape
Evandro Z. Monteiro and Doris C. C. K. Kowaltowski
Lunch Break 12:3514:00 hrs
Post Conference
b
14:0018:00 hrs
b
Tours (cost not included in conference fees) Urban Redevelopment Authority Singapore City Gallery
(http://www.ura.gov.sg/gallery/ ) National Library of Singapore (http://www.nlb.gov.sg) Horticulture
Park (http://www.nparks.gov.sg) LaSalle College of the Arts (http://www.lasalle.edu.sg)
Contents
Preface iii
Programme-At-A-Glance iv
Technical Program vii
Keynote Addresses xlix
Abstracts
1A: Renewable Energies and Energy Efciency
3 P0333 Improving Energy Yields from Wind Turbines in Urban Areas
3 P0153 From Thermal Collectors Integration to Active Facade Systems
Maria Cristina Munari Probst and Christian Roecker
4 P0173 An Empirical Approach to BIPV Application and Performance in
Malaysia
5 P0525 Strategic Energy Planning Decision-Making from Early Design to
Detailed Design Stages
6 P0500 Building within an Energetic Context Low-exergy Design Based
on Local Energy Potentials and Excess or Shortage of Energy
Andy van den Dobbelsteen, Sabine Jansen, Anne-Lor` ene Vernay
and Leo Gommans
1B: Climate Responsive Architecture, Solar Architecture
6 P0519 Climate-Responsiveness of Building Elements
xxxi
Abstracts
xxxii Contents
7 P0167 Passive Architecture and Local Identity: The design of Jin-Chang
Culture Centre, Gan-Su, China
Li Zhang
8 P0501 Home of the 21st Century The Design of a Portable, Flexible,
Onno Faber, Andy van den Dobbelsteen, Machiel van Dorst
and Jan van de Voort
8 P0263 Making Sense: A Passive Response to Modern Living in South
Florida
9 P0315 Morphologic Alternatives to Maximize Solar Space Heating in
Urban Buildings of Arid Zone Cities
Arboit Mariela, Diblasi Angela, Mesa Alejandro and de Rosa Carlos
1C: Sustainable Planning and Urban Design
10 P0435 The Biomimetic Solar City: Solar Derived Urban Form Using a
10 P0136 Towards Formulating an Urban Climatic Map for High Density
Edward Ng, Lutz Katzschner, Una Wang and Jochen Mulder
11 P0123 Strategies and Concepts for Thermal Comfort Discussions in
Urban Planning to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Extremes
Lutz Katzschner, Helmut Mayer, Christl Drey and Michael Bruse
12 P0231 A Pilot Study of Urban Ventilation and Wall Effects of Buildings in
High Density City Design An Experience of Hong Kong
Kiang Ngai Sze Karen, Lam Wing Yan, Yuen Hin Yu and
Ng Yan Yung Edward
12 P0129 A Design, Planning and Urban Administration Strategy for
Sustainability
W. Cecil Steward and Sharon B. Kuska
2A: Renewable Energies and Energy Efciency
13 P0104 Benchmarking Carbon Emissions of Ofce Buildings in Bahrain
14 P0210 Buildings in a Changing Climate Effects of Global Warming on
Energy Use
Hans Rosenlund
Contents xxxiii
14 P0232 The Rogers House: Innovative Design and Post Occupancy
Sakkara Rasisuttha and David Rogers
15 P0308 Life Cycle Inventory of Extremely Low Energy Dwellings
Griet Verbeeck and Hugo Hens
15 P0463 Energetic Implications of Alternative Lighting Control Strategies
in an Educational Building
Antonio Frattari, Michela Chiogna and Ardeshir Mahdavi
2B: Climate Responsive Architecture, Solar Architecture
16 P0189 An Investigation of Ventilation at Ground Level in High Density
17 P0252 Human Comfort, Urban Climate Change and Energy Use:
Assessing Adaptation Options for the Rapidly Growing Tropical
Mega-Cities
Rohinton Emmanuel
18 P0548 Assessment Criteria for Form Environmental Performance of
Ahmed Elseragy and Amira Elnokaly
18 P0397 Opportunities and Restrictions of Bioclimatic Architecture
Applied to Architectural Design Developed in the City of
Florianopolis
Rafael Prado Cartana and Fernando Oscar Ruttkay Pereira
2C: Sustainable Building Assessment, Methods and Policies
19 P0366 Integral Design Methodology for Sustainable IFD Buildings and
W. Zeiler, G. Boxem, M. A. van Houten, P. Savanovic,
E. M. C. J. Quanjel, W. Wortel, J. A. J. van der Velden, J. F. de Haan,
I. G. Kamphuis and M. P. F. Hommelberg
20 P0352 Integrating Energy Rating and Carbon Limitation in Irish Building
Regulations a Comparative Analysis of Ireland and
UK/(Eng/Wales)
Patrick Daly
xxxiv Contents
21 P0193 Experiences in the Development of Sustainable Design
Methodology for a Residential Complex La Piedra in Maracaibo,
Venezuela
Timo M arquez Arreaza, Ricardo Vargas Romero and
France Aguilar Galiz
21 P0218 Going Beyond Local Regulations on the Built Environment:
Considerations and Implications in the Design Process for the City
of Maracaibo, Venezuela
Timo M arquez Arreaza, Ver onica Reyes and Nastia Almao
3A: Design Support Tools and Simulation
22 P0230 Accounting for Urban Microclimate in Computer Simulation of
Evyatar Erell, Veronica Soebarto and Terence Williamson
23 P0283 Numerical Analysis of the Thermal Inuence of Building Design
on Urban Environment:Development of Thermal Design Tool for
Outdoor Space using 3D-CAD
Kazuaki Nakaohkubo, Akira Hoyano and Takashi Asawa
24 P0420 The Performance of a Partially Air Conditioned Apartment
Building in Kuala Lumpur
Sabarinah Sh. Ahmad and Steven V. Szokolay
24 P0188 Modelling the Air Flows in Urban Places in Hong Kong Using
Marcus Oliver Letzel, Xipo An and Edward Ng
3B: Passive and Low Energy Architecture Case Studies
25 P0360 The Realities of Environmental Design Initiatives in Architectural
Practice
Dana Raydan, Peter Williams, Juliet Landler, Red Ventura,
Peter McLaughlin and Phil Dordai
26 P0547 Naturally Ventilated Tall Ofce Building in the Tropics
Learning from Bawa
Beng Kiang Tan, Uma Maheswaran Cr and Shunjuan Hong
27 P0396 The Tall Building and the Architectural Utopians: The Role of
Environmental Issues and the Challenge of a Design Exercise in
S ao Paulo
Erica Mitie Umakoshi and Joana Carla Gon calves
Contents xxxv
27 P0208 Retrotting of the NTUA Student Residence Building with the use
of an Innovative Aluminium skin
Euphrosyne Triantis, Flora Bougiatioti and Aineias Oikonomou
28 P0298 An Irish Building Environmental Assessment Method
Paul Kenny, Neasa Hourigan and Vivienne Brophy
29 P0119 Geographical Information System (GIS)-Based Urban Heat Island
Study in NUS Campus
29 P0535 Support Procedures for Decision Makers on the Sustainable Urban
Development of Coastal Areas
Ana Rosa Lombardi, Miguel Aloysio Sattler and Luis Carlos Bonin
30 P0401 LEED Outside Its Native Environment: Potentialities and
4A: Design Support Tools and Simulation
31 P0166 Orientation, Building Height and Sky View Factor as Energy
L ea Cristina Lucas de Souza and Marcio Luis Yamaguti
32 P0274 BIM: Dening Opportunities for Environmentally Sensitive
Design
Ute Poerschke and Loukas Kalisperis
32 P0279 The Development of Energy Efciency Building Codes in the
ASEAN Area - A Quarter-Century Review and the Proposal for a
Design Tool for Commercial Buildings in Vietnam
Viet Tuan Do, Alan N. Young, Nico Kienzl and Gerald Pde
33 P0445 A Numerical Method for Analyzing the Microclimatic Effect of
Thermal Simulation
34 P0416 Energy Efciency of an Indirect Evaporative Passive Cooling
System
Axa Rojas and Eduardo Gonzalez
xxxvi Contents
35 P0334 Ground Cooling and Night Ventilation in the Italian Casa in
Linea
Arianna Sdei
36 P0460 Cooling by Roof Pond with Floating Insulation in the Hot Humid
Climate of Veracruz, Mexico
Jos e Roberto Garca Ch avez, Baruch Givoni and Stepahnie Mundet
36 P0474 Case Study in Passive Architecture: Energy Savings Benet in a
Detached House in Malaysia
Wan Rahmah Mohd Zaki, Abdul Hadi Nawawi and
Sabarinah Sh Ahmad
4C: Daylighting and Ventilation
37 P0327 Effects of Roof Design on the Wind-induced Ventilation
Performance of Atrium Spaces
38 P0502 Efcient Lighting Strategies for Ofce Rooms in Tropical Climates
38 P0426 Development of Optical Light Pipes for Ofce Spaces
39 P0187 Satellite-Based Method to Predict Global Illuminance for Better
39 P0429 Visual Performance at Different Workstation Positions Under
Zuraini Denan, Phil Jones, Don Alexander and
Muhammad Hazi Hashim
5A: Comfort Models, Quantitative and Qualitative Performance
40 P0106 Empirical Evaluation of Outdoor Thermal Comfort Models
40 P0131 Outdoor Thermal Comfort for Hong Kong People: A Longitudinal
Study
Vicky Cheng, Edward Ng and Baruch Givoni
Abstracts
Contents xxxvii
41 P0282 Effects of Tree Canopies on Solar Radiation Filtration in a Tropical
Microclimatic Environment
Mohd Fairuz Shahidan, Elias Salleh and K. M. S. Mustafa
42 P0292 Microclimatic and Behavioural Diversities of Semi-Enclosed
Urban Precincts in the Tropics
Indrika Rajapaksha
5B: Materials and Greening
42 P0191 VIP Integrated Facade Designs: The Advantage of Combining
High Thermal Performance with Limited Construction Thickness
Martin Tenpierik and Hans Cauberg
43 P0314 Study on Healing Potential of Green Space in a Compact
University Campus by Means of a Vertical Greening Approach
44 P0399 Passive Cooling of Buildings by the Application of Cool Coatings
A. Synnefa and M. Santamouris
45 P0353 Assessing the Shading Performance of Climbing Plant Canopies
5C: Climate Responsive Architecture, Solar Architecture
45 P0482 Thermal Optimisation of the Vertical Opaque Envelope: Variable
Insulation an Innovative Approach
46 P0402 Determination of the Solar Absorptance of Opaque Surfaces
Kelen Dornelles, Victor Roriz and Maurcio Roriz
47 P0344 A Tale of Two Hammams: Indoor Environmental Conditions in
47 P0444 Application of Thermal Performance of Rammed Earth Wall on
Futoshi Miyaoka, Yuichiro Kodama, Chikako Hasui, Kumiko Hatanaka
and Koji Takemasa
6A: Comfort Models, Quantitative and Qualitative Performance
48 P0328 The Inuence of Albedo of Surfaces on Microclimatic
Modications. New Scenarios for Milano
Tiziana Poli, Luca P. Gattoni, Riccardo Arlunno, Giorgio Pansa and
Daniele Zappal` a
xxxviii Contents
49 P0266 Interpreting Fangers Comfort Equation within the Adaptive
Paradigm
Dirk A. Schwede
50 P0146 Simulating Human Thermal Comfort and Resulting Usage
Patterns of Urban Open Spaces with a Multi-Agent System
Michael Bruse
50 P0561 Design Features Evolved in a Vernacular House under Hot and
Ken-Ichi Kimura
51 P0190 Practical Studies of Ecological Architecture for Chinas Loess
Plateau Region
52 P0475 A Comparative Study of the Efciency in Reducing Heat Gain
Aluminium Foil
Pantuda Puthipiroj
52 P0134 The Impact of PLEA Are We Making a Difference; Have We
Done Enough?
53 P0183 The Cooling Effects of Evaporative Cooling Systems in Various
Urban Districts
54 P0246 KlimaHaus CasaClima A Regional Energy Certication System
Stimulates Low Energy Architecture
Yan Schmitt, Alexandra Troi, Georg Pichler and Wolfram Sparber
54 P0268 The Implementation Decit of Sustainable Construction in
Flanders, Belgium. Estimation and Proposals for Enhanced
Strategies
55 P0374 Solar & Aeolic Environmental Control of the Built Environment
Case of Study: Urban Housing Developments, Maracaibo
(Venezuela)
Contents xxxix
56 P0446 Reviewing Benchmarking Approaches for Building
Environmental Assessment Tools (BEA)- Rigour Versus
Practicality
Richard Hyde, Deo Prasad, John Blair, Richard Moore, Lydia Kavanagh,
Melinda Watt and Karin Schianetz
7A: Daylighting and Ventilation
56 P0442 The Role of Daylighting Design in a Healing Environment of
Public Hospitals in Malaysia: A Survey
Srazali Aripin
57 P0234 The Use of Anidolic Lighting System in Improving Daylight
Stephen S. Y. Lau, Baharuddin and Stephen K. Wittkopf
58 P0245 The Inuence of Building Geometry on the Physical Urban
Climate: A Revival of Light, Air and Space
Marjolein van Esch, Truus de Bruin-Hordijk and Kees Duijvestein
58 P0450 Preferential Sky Window: A New Parameter to Correlate Sky
Fernando Oscar Ruttkay Pereira, Solange Maria Leder
and Anderson Claro
7B: Architectural Education for Sustainable Design
59 P0330 Aiding Student Understanding of Building Environments: The
Adrian Pitts
60 P0483 Self-Directing Learning Getting Students to Learn Effectively
About Smart and Bioclimatic Design
60 P0368 Laboratory Didactical Tools for Architectural Design Students in
Tropical and Subtropical Conditions
61 P0221 Reality bites About the Balancing Process Between Disciplines
in the Architectural Planning Process
Heide G. Schuster and Sigrid Dany
Abstracts
xl Contents
7C: User-Building-Interaction and Post Occupancy Evaluation
62 P0505 Comparative Evaluation of Sustainability in the Buildings
Adapted to New Uses and Their Interaction with the Users and
the Environment
62 P0247 Longitudinal Evaluation of Affordable Housing in Scotland:
Lessons for Low Energy Features
Fionn Stevenson and Nick Williams
63 P0236 Lifestyle as a Key Determinant of the Home Environment
64 P0248 The Value of Architectural Inuences to the Ofce Environment
on Occupant Activity and Health
64 P0469 An Empirical Approach to the Evaluation of Living Environments
for the Elderly
8A: Daylighting and Ventilation
65 P0389 Lessons from Three Daylighting Systems Used in Traditional
66 P0532 The Poetics of Sacred Light An Investigation of the Luminous
Benson Lau
66 P0381 Development of a Daylighting Teaching Methodology Based on a
Conceptual Model of Reference
Raphaela W. Fonseca
67 P0198 A Simplied Method to Evaluate the Daylight and Energy
8B: Architectural Education for Sustainable Design
67 P0507 A Quantied Design Process to Congure Envelope Design for a
High Rise Building
Norhati Ibrahim
68 P0133 The Effect of Including Sustainability in Architectural Education
Contents xli
68 P0195 Education for a More Sustainable Architecture
69 P0280 Teaching the Relation of Environmental Sensitivity and
Conceptual Design
Ute Poerschke
70 P0276 Teaching and Learning the Daylighting Phenomenon in
Architecture with Physical Models
Fernando O. Ruttkay Pereira, Alexander C. Gonz alez and
Veridiana Atanasio
8C: User-Building-Interaction and Post Occupancy Evaluation
71 P0113 A Post Occupancy Evaluation of a UK Sustainable School:
71 P0224 User Preferences for Routing and Seating in Response to
Daylighting Design in an Art Museum
72 P0551 Leading by Example: Post-Occupancy Evaluation Studies of City
Council-Owned Non-Domestic Buildings in Oxford
Rajat Gupta
73 P0478 User Interfaces for Occupant Interactions with Environmental
74 P0449 Using Daylighting Controls in Ofces? Post Occupancy Study
about their Integration with the Electric Lighting
Eul` alia Cunill, Rafael Serra and Mike Wilson
74 P0443 Visions for Open Spaces in Owner-Built Housing Areas in the City
of Campinas, Brazil: Perspectives of a Greener Urban Landscape
P1: Poster Presentation Mini-Papers
76 MP0329 Experiences with an Innovative Energy System: Refurbishment
and Enlargement of a Rationalist Building in Italy to a Solar
Active Building
Alexanda Troi, Assunta Napolitano and Wolfram Sparber
xlii Contents
76 MP0371 Monitoring Buildings with Non-Computerized Heating Systems:
Optimization of Energy Performance by Variations in Use and
Management

77 MP0251 Designing and Constructing to the PassivHaus Standard in
Temperate Climate
77 MP0516 Renewable Energy Sources and Greek Islands
78 MP0325 Design Strategies for Environmentally Sustainable Residential
Sabina Fazlic
78 MP0359 Design Considerations for Energy Efcient Housing Past,
Present and Future
79 MP0419 Sustain Contemporary Architecture into Climatic Condition
Case Study of Gorgan City
80 MP0278 House as a Tree: An Efcient Natural Base Architectural Design
for Temperature Control and Energy Saving
Francisco Javier C ardenas Mungua and Gisela M endez
80 MP0156 Examination and Review of Passive Solar Cooling Strategies in
Fewzi Fardeheb
80 MP0260 Integration of Teaching and Research: Design Development for a
Range of Autonomous Buildings
B. Sodagar, J. C. Chilton, B. Gilroy Scott and N. Lowthrop
81 MP0174 Development of Floating, Residental Buildings in Passive
House Technology
Christoph Buxbaum, Albert Seiler and Oskar Pankratz
81 MP0241 The Potential of Earth-Air Heat Exchangers for Low Energy
Cooling of Buildings
Contents xliii
82 MP0194 Low-Income Housing: An Approach Through Sustainable Design
Debra L. Raymont
82 MP0205 Parametric Study on the Thermal Effect of Spatial form and Solar
Reectance and Heat Capacity of Buildings:Aimed at Designing a
Comfortable and Less-Impact Built Environment
83 MP0259 An Empirical Study on Outdoor Thermal Environment of
Residential Developments and Street Blocks in Hong Kong
83 MP0295 Sustainable Architecture: Good Environmental Performance that
is Inspirational
Flavia Melo Tarmo
84 MP0409 Analysis of Sustainable Buildings Strategies in Rural Areas in
Mexico
Silvia Arias
85 MP0410 Application of Green Buildings Technologies in the Construction
Regulations of Mexico
David Avila
86 MP0326 Comparison of the Environmental Performance of Different
Chrisi Tompa and Argiro Dimoudi
P2: Poster Presentation Mini-Papers
86 MP0179 An Evaluation Model of the Different Components of Solar
Radiation Impinging on Vertical Surfaces in Consolidated Urban
Environments
Alejandro Mesa, Mariela Arboit and Carlos de Rosa
87 MP0233 The Use of Computer Simulation Technique in the Calculation of
Vertical Daylight Factor for Heavily Obstructed Urban
Environments
Baharuddin
Abstracts
xliv Contents
88 MP0445 Thermal Environment and Human Thermal Responses in
Ruey Lung Hwang, Tzu Pin Lin, Pei-Wen Chen, Boon Ting Teo and
Yi Shuan Lin
88 MP0147 Energy Efcient Laboratory Design A New Approach to
Improve Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort
Farhad Memarzadeh, Andy Manning and Zheng Jiang
89 MP0472 Performance Assessment of Double Roofs Incorporating Radiant
Barrier System
Chi-ming Lai, Che-ming Chiang and J. S. Chiou
89 MP0170 The Effect of Shading on the Night-Time Radiant Cooling of the
Flora Bougiatioti
90 MP0177 An Experimental Study and Simulation of PCM in Real Climatic
Conditions
Radoslav Ponechal
90 MP0341 The Albedo of the Surfaces. In-the-Field Test Procedure for
Building Skin Characterization
Luca Gattoni, Tiziana Poli, Riccardo Arlunno
and Andrea Giovanni Mainini
91 MP0387 The Impact of Urban Vegetation on Microclimate in Hot Humid
S ao Paulo
J org Spangenberg, Paula Shinzato, Erik Johansson and Denise Duarte
92 MP0338 The Use of Alternative Agricultural Materials for Insulation of
Residential Properties: Results from a Performance Simulation
Study
Satta Panyakaew and Adrian Pitts
92 P0471 Investigation on Thermal-Insulation Capability of Hollow Bricks
Chi-ming Lai, Che-ming Chiang and C. J. Ho
93 MP0316 The Role of Courtyards in Relation to Luminous Conditions
Eirini Tsianaka
Contents xlv
93 MP0418 Review on the study of Daylighting in Atria: Finding the Gaps in
Knowledge
Julitta Yunus, Sabarinah Sh. Ahmad and Azni Zain-Ahmed
94 MP0436 Daylighting in Historical Centres: The Case of an Architects
Ofce in Seville
94 MP0433 Lighting Features in Indian-Style Traditional Architecture
95 MP0304 An Integral Approach to Improve Ventilation Design of Dutch
Schools
Wim Zeiler and Gert Boxem
96 MP0447 Daylighting from Top-Lit Atrium Buildings in Kuala Lumpur
Ahmad Ridzwan Othman, Azni Zain-Ahmed and Seti Mariam Ayop
97 MP0529 Economic Dwelling for the Very-Low Income Population in ARID
Zones and Thermal Comfort in Mexicali, Mexico
Ramona Romero, Eduardo V azquez, Gonzalo Boj orquez,
Ricardo Gallegos, Mara Corral and Anbal Luna
97 MP0143 Shade and Wind Like Elements that Promote the Socialization and
the Rooting of the Community Space
Francisco Javier C ardenas Mungua, Martha Eugenia Ch avez Gonz alez
and Reyna Valladares Anguiano
D1: DESIGN SYMPOSIUM Hot Climate, Cool Design
98 DP0158 Botany Classroom
99 DP0508 Environmental Responsive Housing:A Multi Family Housing
Project in the Tropical Mega City
Hiroki Toyosaki, Yuchiro Kodama and Yusuke Kuchii
99 DP0227 Understanding Climate for Energy Efcient/Sustainable Design
Anir Kumar Upadhyay
100 DP0467 Sustainable Architecture Tool for the Colombian Humid Tropic
xlvi Contents
100 DP0438 Observation of Heat Isand and Land use in Cambridge
101 DP0214 A Combined Computational Method for Determining Natural
Tung-Shen Hsie
101 DP0269 Modern Courtyard Houses
Anir Kumar Upadhyay
102 DP0355 Climatic Dimension in Vernacular Chinese Housing
Jean Bouillot
102 DP0562 Public Living Room Outdoor Comfort in Hot and Humid
Climate
Joyce Chan
103 DP0168 Effect of Staggered Housing Layout on Internal Airow of Houses
in Malaysia
Noor Hanita Abdul Majid, Hokoi Shuichi and AbdulRazak Sapian
103 DP0206 Dube Light Pipe: An Innovative System of Day Light Trasmission
103 DP0553 Natural Light in Restoration: Use of a Double Light Pipe in a
Historical Building
Author Index 105
Keynote Addresses
xlvii
xlviii
Keynote 1
The European Strategy towards Sustainability in the
Built Environment
Professor Paula San Payo Cadima
Professor at the Faculty of Architecture, Technical University of Lisbon, Project Ofcer,
Executive Agency for Competitiveness and Innovation (EACI), European Commission,
Brussels
Over the past years, the European Commission has been promoting various aspects
of sustainable urban development and energy efciency through a number of poli-
cies, measures and legislative instruments. Regulations can also act as a mean to stim-
ulate the integration of environmental issues in the design approach. This paper gives
an overview of some of the most relevant EU directives and legislation which stim-
ulate low energy architecture and sustainable design. It presents some drivers and
risks of mandatory requirements to the integrated design approach. The paper also
includes examples of European initiatives which aim at overcoming existing barriers
to the implementation of the Energy Performance in Buildings Directive (EPBD) in
the various EU Member States.
Biography
Professor Cadima, helps the promotion of energy efciency and Renewable Energies
and managing European projects in the building sector. She has taught at the Faculty
of Architecture in Lisbon since 2001 and became Director of the Master Course on
Bioclimatic Architecture in 2003. She is the current Vice-President of PLEA.
xlix
l Keynote Addresses
Keynote 2
People, Systems, Environment - Exploring the
Patterns and Impact of Control-Oriented Occupant
Actions in Buildings
Univ. Prof. DI Dr. Ardeshir Mahdavi
Director, Department of Building Physics and Building Ecology Vienna University of
Technology Vienna, Austria
In most buildings, people operate control devices such as windows, shades, lumi-
naires, radiators, and fans to bring about desirable indoor environmental conditions.
These control actions have a signicant yet often neglected impact on buildings
performance and sustainability (energy use, indoor climate). A better understanding
of the logic and patterns of such control-oriented user behavior can not only facilitate
better predictions of buildings performance, but also support the effective operation
of buildings service systems. This paper describes an extensive empirical study of
control-oriented user behavior (as related to systems for lighting, shading, ventila-
tion, and heating) in a number of ofce buildings in Austria. The results specically
shed light on the relationships between control actions and environmental conditions
inside and outside buildings.
Biography
His research activities cover a wide spectrum of work in building science, including
building physics, building performance simulation, building automation, and sus-
tainable architectural design. He is a frequent keynote speaker at scientic confer-
ences and has authored over 300 publications.
Keynote Addresses li
Keynote 3
Advanced Sustainable Building Design to Create
the Desired Japan 2050 Future
Professor PhD Toshiharu Ikaga
Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio
University, Japan
To create the desired Japan 2050 future, it will be one of the most effective measures
that architects and engineers can easily use the life cycle assessment (LCA) and life
cycle costing (LCC) methods in the basic or schematic design phase of each building.
The author has been developing the Comprehensive Assessment System for Build-
ing Environmental Efciency (CASBEE) , supported by the Japan Ministry of Land,
Infrastructure and Transport. In this keynote speech, the several sustainable buildings
designed and assessed by author to create the desired Japan 2050 future will be pre-
sented as follows: Head ofce of the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies
(IGES), Head ofce of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Liberty
Tower of Meiji University, Yusuhara Town Hall.
Biography
Ikaga Lab focuses on sustainable engineering of buildings and cities, life cycle as-
sessment (LCA), and environmental efciency assessment (CASBEE) to achieve the
target of the Kyoto Protocol. Previouslyhe worked for the worlds largest architectural
design rm Nikken Sekkei contributing to award winning Architecture in Japan.
lii
October 24, 2007 23:36 Research Publishing: RPS: plea07
Abstracts
1
2
Abstracts
Session 1A Renewable Energies and Energy Efciency
Venue School of Design and Environment (SDE), Block
SDE3, LT424
P0333
Improving Energy Yields from Wind Turbines in Urban Areas
BDSP Partnership, London
With urban wind energy still in its infancy there is clear need for the provisionof well-
reasoned, unbiased direction and guidance. This is largely due to the high level of
technical understanding required which includes the added complexities associated
with urban wind environments and the realities of integrating turbines into occupied
areas. Therefore, this paper begins with an overview of the three main areas: small
wind and building mounted turbines; large scale stand-alone turbines; and building
integrated turbines. Subsequently, a method for predicting the energy output from a
building integrated wind turbine relative to a free standing equivalent is examined
for a proposed residential tower. The corresponding results suggest the energy yields
can be relatively high.
Keywords: Wind Turbine, Optimisation, Integration, CFD.
P0153
From Thermal Collectors Integration to Active Fac ade Systems
Maria Cristina Munari Probst
a
and Christian Roecker
b
Laboratoire dEnergie Solaire, Ecole Polytechnique F ed erale de Lausanne
EPFL-ENAC-LESO/PB, B at. LE Station 18, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland.
E-mail:
a
mariacristina.munariprobst@ep.ch,
b
christian.roecker@ep.ch
One main step to ease facade integration of solar thermal is to conceive new collec-
tors as multifunctional building elements. For at plate hydraulic collectors (glazed
and unglazed) the most natural added function is facade cladding. The new elements
3
4 Abstracts
should then meet the sets of requirements of both solar and facade systems. Now, for
architectural coherence, areas of different solar exposure or too small to host collec-
tors may need the same cladding appearance. This means that the availability, within
the system, of elements providing the sole cladding function and of components to
interface the system with the other building parts (windows, balconies, eaves . . .) is
fundamental to answer correctly to facade integration issues.
Two possible approaches to meet these requirements are presented and evaluated
through a practical example:
develop a new facade system around the new collectors.
adapt the new collectors to an existing facade system.
Both options introduce the newconcept of active facade systems, which should
then logically be developed by facade manufacturers rather than the collector indus-
try alone. This will be globally more economic and effective since it will benet from
the experience, infrastructure and market access of building professionals, for a build-
ing product.
Finally recent developments in both the elds of glazed and unglazed systems
are presented that show the relevance of this novel approach.
Keywords: Solar Thermal, Facade, Integration, Active Facade, Coloured Collectors
P0173
An Empirical Approach to BIPV Application and Performance
in Malaysia
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Design and Architecture, University Putra
Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
This paper discusses one of the successful BIPV demonstration projects initiated and
implemented by the private sector, namely NLCC Architects Sdn Bhd., in collabora-
tion with a German research institution the Fraunhofer Institute of Solar Energy.
A Prototype Solar House was designed and subsequently built in Shah Alam, Se-
langor, Malaysia with 3 different grid-connected BIPV roof installations. The 3 dif-
ferent photovoltaic modules were amorphous silicon, mono-crystalline and poly-
crystalline. The emphasis of the research was on the performance of the BIPV under
local climatic conditions and the architectural integration. An innovative monitor-
ing system was installed for the recording and assessment of all relevant operat-
ing parameters of the installations. The results of monitoring the whole systems re-
vealed the various PV modules annual energy yield were: mono-crystalline silicon
Abstracts 5
was 974.7 kWh/kWp, amorphous silicon was 960.7 kWh/kWp and polycrystalline
silicon was 925.4 kWh/kWp.
Keywords: Renewable Energy, Solar irradiation, BIPV(BuildingIntegrated Photovoltaic),
PV (Photovoltaic).
P0525
Strategic Energy Planning Decision-Making from Early Design
to Detailed Design Stages
RiSE Unit, Dublin Energy Lab., Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland
Increased uptake of sustainable energy systems (SES) is a key component of many na-
tional and regional policies aimed at addressing climate change, energy security and
environmental sustainability. The appropriate application of SES in building projects
is important to realise the aims of such strategic initiatives and support continued
uptake. In many building projects key decisions that affect the applicability and op-
timal application of sustainable energy systems are made in the early design stages.
These typically involve the balancing of site, resource, building function and cost ef-
fectiveness characteristics. As a building design develops the types of information
available to inform desicions evolves from being mainly qualitative at the earliest de-
sign stages to being quantitative at later detailed design stages. This paper presents
a framework for characterising this information and evaluating the suitability and
impact of a range of SES in large new buildings. The framework combines qualitative
and quantitative evaluation to inform strategic energy planning decision making at
three stages of a buildings design development. By way of solar water heating and
photovoltaic examples the structure of a multi-level online application developed to
aid decision making in various design stages is presented.
Keywords: Energy, Planning, Design.
6 Abstracts
P0500
Building within an Energetic Context Low-exergy Design
Based on Local Energy Potentials and Excess or Shortage of
Energy
Andy van den Dobbelsteen
1
, Sabine Jansen
1
, Anne-Lor ` ene Vernay
3
and Leo Gommans
1,2
1
Climate Design Group, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology,
The Netherlands
2
Chair of Environmental Design, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology,
The Netherlands
3
Industrial Ecology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology,
The Netherlands
Architectural design is focused on the building and its direct surroundings, inde-
pendent from the energy features of the wider context: district, city or region. When
regional and urban features inuencing energy yield, transport and usage are taken
into consideration in the planning and design process, a better basis is laid for energy-
effectiveness. Therefore, the context needs to be analysed on various characteristics.
These can be elaborated into so-called energy potential maps. Subsequently, the en-
ergy potential maps can be translated into proposed spatial interventions, indicat-
ing spots which are suited most, in terms of energy, for developments. When basing
building design on directives evolving from this larger scale, the energy demand will
commence already on a lower level. Smart and bioclimatic design will further im-
prove the energy performance of the building, making it possible to close the energy
cycle locally.
The paper will exemplify building within an energetic context by research con-
ducted by the authors.
Keywords: Energy Potential Maps, Exergy, Low-Exergy Design, Heat Cascading, Bio-
climatic Design.
Session 1B Climate Responsive Architecture, Solar Architecture
SDE3, LT426
P0519
Climate-Responsiveness of Building Elements
Abstracts 7
Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Building services, such as heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting, can be provided
through passive energy strategies (natural ventilation, daylighting), by the aid of me-
chanical building systems, or by a combination of both. Climate-responsive building
elements operate in-between. They form the link between inconsistency in supply of
natural resources due to dynamic climatic conditions and low-energy provision of
comfort. Such elements function by responding to changes in climatic conditions, as
well as internal as external, and to occupant behaviour.
Responsiveness in this context implies some sort of intelligent reactive or perhaps
perceptive behaviour to dynamic climatic conditions in order to comply with comfort
demands without the direct need for fossil fuels to compensate for the lack in energy
supply by natural resources. This critical overview deals with the ambiguousness of
climate-responsiveness in the context of energy and comfort in buildings, and pro-
poses a typological model and common denition for climate design concepts that
interact with changes in the environment.
Keywords: Comfort, Low-Energy Climate Control, Climate-Responsive Design.
P0167
Passive Architecture and Local Identity:
The design of Jin-Chang Culture Centre, Gan-Su, China
Li Zhang
School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Passive building technology has great potential in dening local identity. Sun, wind
and water are not only the elementary factors impacting a buildings response to its
physical environment, but also the driving forces to local life style and faith. They also
guide a buildings response to its cultural environment. By developing radical design
strategies not only from environmental awareness, but also from cultural awareness,
architects can achieve compelling contemporary designs in passive architecture.
The design of the Jin-Chang Culture Centre follows this belief. Jin-Chang is a city
of nickel mining located in the northwest Chinese desert. It is enjoying a booming re-
source economy nowbut facing serious issues of sustainability. The atrocious climate,
the nickel mining industry and the unique desert landscape together form a strong
source of inspiration. With the idea of expressing local identity by passive architec-
ture, the design team of the new culture centre has developed a series of strategies
that not only tackle technological issues but also cultural ones. The result is a building
that is both environmentally appropriate and culturally expressive.
Keywords: Climate, cultural awareness, sunlight, local identity.
8 Abstracts
P0501
Home of the 21st Century The Design of a Portable, Flexible,
Onno Faber
1
, Andy van den Dobbelsteen
2
, Machiel van Dorst
3
and Jan van de Voort
4
1
Teamwork Technology, Zijdewind, The Netherlands
2
The Netherlands
3
Chair of Environmental Design, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology,
The Netherlands
4
Attika Architects, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
People are increasingly on the move, but portable and moveable homes still reect
ancient techniques. Moreover, user-friendliness in dwellings comes down to a very
simple personal inuence on opening and doors and windows and switching on cer-
tain appliances. In a world of versatile demands and decreasing energy resources, a
smart approach to exible living is needed. A dwelling complying with this should
be able to interact more intelligently with its environs, however in accordance with
the user demands. We present to you the design of an intelligent and sustainable
portable dwelling, the Active Living Dome (ALD). The inner spaces of the ALD can
be adjusted to the 24-hour cycle of living. The dwellings skin shells can be opened
and shut depending on the season, weather conditions and orientation. The dwelling
is a user-controlled environment, teaching the inhabitant to create a synergetic effect
between performance and comfort.
Keywords: Portable Building, Flexible Building, Environment-Interaction, User-Control,
User-Friendliness.
P0263
Making Sense: A Passive Response to Modern Living in South
Florida
School of Architecture, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Lauderdale, USA
This action research investigates a design process, performances and operation sce-
narios of a residential design in a subtropical region of South Florida. It also repre-
sents a pilot study for airow and thermal performance studies. Designers analyze
Typical Meteorological Year (TMY2) weather data in order to identify design solution
concepts. The design incorporates several concepts including microclimate, heat sink,
operable shading devices, wind tower, wind channelling, ventilated exterior walls,
water collection, daylighting, and photovoltaic system. An idea of human actuated
system instigates the design, which offers different modes of operation, thus airow
Abstracts 9
regimes. To verify the design, ow visualization experiments, and a thermal simu-
lation are performed. The ow visualization conrms that the wind tower concept
works. Furthermore, the paper discusses approaches for a future study that involved
a coupled airow and thermal performance simulation for an early design phase of
the residential design in the region. The paper concludes with critical issues about
the coupled simulation that needs to be investigated next.
Keywords: Subtropical, Airow, Ventilation, Energy, Comfort, Simulation, Flow Visu-
alization, Passive Design, Wind Tower, Solar Chimney, Coupled Simulation.
P0315
Morphologic Alternatives to Maximize Solar Space Heating in
Urban Buildings of Arid Zone Cities
Arboit Mariela
a
, Diblasi Angela, Mesa Alejandro and de Rosa Carlos
Instituto de Ciencias Humanas Sociales y Ambientales (INCIHUSA - CONICET),
Laboratorio de Ambiente Humano y Vivienda (LAHV), C.C. 131, (5500) Mendoza,
Argentina.
E-mail:
a
marboit@lab.cricyt.edu.ar
The construction of knowledge on the solar potential of low-density urban environ-
ments in cities with temperate sunny climates, is essential to the progress towards a
more sustainable urban development in the future.
This research proposes the evaluation of the solar potential of low-density ur-
ban tissues of Mendozas Metropolitan Area (MMA), considering urban and build-
ing morphologic variables, with particular attention on the incidence of the urban
forest. A sample set of 32 units (city - blocks) was selected for the study. In a rst
stage a graphic-computational model was used to determine the actual insolation of
potential collecting surfaces and the resulting values of the Potential Energy Savings
(PES) indicator. In a second stage, given the complexity of the variables interrela-
tionships, the results were analyzed through the use of a Statistical Multiple Linear
Regression Model (SMLRM). The useful results yielded were: (1.) An orderly listing
of the most signicant explanatory variables to determine the PES, response variable,
i.e. the potential for energy recovery in conventional urban buildings, by increasing
conservation measures and additional solar gain. (2.) The development of a simple
inference tool (equation), extensive to the easy assessment of other units. The PES
values obtained range from 61 to 80% of the citys theoretical energy need for space
heating in low-density urban areas. Studies on economic feasibility and patterns of
actual energy consumption for the use are being considered for further research.
Keywords: Urban morphology, urban indicators, solar potential, statistical assessment.
10 Abstracts
Session 1C Sustainable Planning and Urban Design
SDE3, LT427
P0435
The Biomimetic Solar City: Solar Derived Urban Form Using a
The Manchester School of Architecture, Manchester, United Kingdom
The Northern European solar city, with its low solar altitude is an oxymoron: build-
ings close together shade each other. This is particularly true in winter where low
sun angles cast long shadows. European cities contain other problems; their early
development has left remnants of medieval street plans that have no inherent solar
orientation. In England in particular, it seems very unlikely that there will ever be any
large-scale urban re-planning of cities on solar principles. In light of this, how will it
be possible to develop the city so that each block gains maximum solar exposure,
without unduly disadvantaging other blocks to do the same?
With initial reference to Ralph Knowles Solar Envelope
1
and Interstitium
2
,
this paper creates and uses a mapping of city and forest, in order to develop new
methodologies for growing a city using Sernander-type gap dynamics
3
. By recog-
nizing the forest (and city) as an intensied, light stratied system, grown through
a sequential process of succession this study has identied a exible sunlight and
daylight strategy for the volumetric development of browneld urban sites.
Keywords: Biomimetic, Solar City, Northern European, Forest-Inspired.
P0136
Towards Formulating an Urban Climatic Map for High Density
Edward Ng
1
, Lutz Katzschner
2
, Una Wang
1
and Jochen Mulder
2
1
Department of Architecture, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
2
University Kassel, Environmental Meteorological Institute, Planning Department,
Kassel, Germany
Finding ways to strategically plan a city environmentally requires climatic informa-
tion that is scientically based. Hong Kong is a high density city with a sub-tropical
climate and a hilly topography. The government of Hong Kong has recently commis-
Abstracts 11
sioned studies towards producing an urban climatic map. The extraordinary urban
morphology of Hong Kong makes the task a unique challenge. A GIS based map has
been created using planning and land use data. This has been classied and coded.
Land use, ground coverage, building bulk, and greenery intensities have been incor-
porated. Overlaying it is the climatic data available from the Observatory. A draft
Urban Climatic Map has been produced. Works are still on-going. Based on this ini-
tial Urban Climatic Map, the government of Hong Kong is re-working their urban
zoning plans. Some of the initial scientic workings, as well as the implementation
strategies are reported in this paper.
Keywords: Planning, High Density City, Urban Heat Island, Urban Climatic Map.
P0123
Strategies and Concepts for Thermal Comfort Discussions in
Urban Planning to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Extremes
Lutz Katzschner
2
, Helmut Mayer
1
, Christl Drey
3
and Michael Bruse
4
1
Meteorological Institute, University of Freiburg, Germany
2
Department of Environmental Meteorology, University of Kassel, Germany
3
Department of Urban Development, University of Kassel, Germany
4
Geomatics Group, Geography Department, Ruhr-University Bochum, Germany
Recent results of climate simulations for Central Europe predict an increase of ex-
treme heat waves during summer. This background situation is intensied by the
urban heat island effect with the consequence that the quality of human life in ur-
ban quarters will be affected more frequent, over longer periods and stronger in the
future. Planning strategies need to be developed to ensure human thermal comfort
outdoors and indoors even during extreme weather conditions in summer. Identi-
fying the human-biometeorological fundamentals required for the development and
application of mitigation strategies are the objectives of the joint research project. To
analyse the inuence of different urban quarters, which are typical of future objects in
urban planning, concerning human thermal comfort, the research design covers var-
ious methods coordinated with respect to the objectives of KLIMES: experimental in-
vestigations of the microclimatic conditions to determine thermal comfort, interviews
with city dwellers on their thermal perceptions and simulations of thermal comfort
under current as well as future climate conditions using the models ENVI-met and
BOTworld. The paper presents a rst approach to an interdisciplinary project. It will
show some preliminary results, which will lead to modied concepts and a guideline
for urban development, which consider enhanced requirements to human thermal
comfort outdoors and indoors in cities due to impacts of regional climate change.
Keywords: Heat Stress, Urban Fabric, Urban Planning, Mitigation Strategies.
12 Abstracts
P0231
A Pilot Study of Urban Ventilation and Wall Effects of Buildings
in High Density City Design An Experience of Hong Kong
Kiang Ngai Sze Karen, Lam Wing Yan, Yuen Hin Yu and Ng Yan Yung Edward
Department of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin,
NT, Hong Kong
Hong Kong is a high density city, there is a growing tendency constructing buildings
that are very closely packed together. With the recent change in Buildings Ordinance
and growing public demand for ats with sea-view and club-house, wall buildings
with gigantic podium have become a trend by local developers to optimize the mon-
etary prot. The developers tend to build group of buildings aligned in a row with
similar heights, which raises public concern about the wind penetration. This paper
aims to nd out the relationship between the perceived visual wall length and the
effective wind wall length. In order to determine the population suffering from the
poor ventilation caused by the wall buildings, it was hypothesized that the build-
ing parameters (geometry, building height, density and building arrangement were
collected from Hong Kong Lands Department) and environmental parameters (pre-
vailing wind direction and speed were collected from The Hong Kong University
of Science and Technology) were taken into account to generate the wind shadow.
The wind shadow shows the affected area, thus the affected population and impacts
can be determined. The population under the wind shadow area is the indicator of
the Wall Effect. This research found that there is a direct relationship between the
perceived Visual Wall Length (physical dimension) and the Wall Effect. It can be con-
cluded that the perception of the public about the Wall Effect is valid. This is an on-
going study of Air ventilation Assessment System for High Density Planning and
Design. The results of this research will serve as a basis for establishment of an urban
design guideline for controlling and minimizing the wind shadow area, and in turn,
to improve inner city ventilation.
Keywords: Wall Effect, Wind Shadow, Wall Building.
P0129
A Design, Planning and Urban Administration Strategy for
Sustainability
W. Cecil Steward
1
and Sharon B. Kuska
2
1
Joslyn Institute for Sustainable Communities, Lincoln and Omaha, Nebraska, USA
2
University of Nebraska Lincoln, College of Architecture, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
Buildings, communities, cities and the use of the transportation systems that con-
nect them account for more than seventy-ve percent of the energy consumption and
Abstracts 13
the carbon footprint of the developed nations. If one considers the addition of all
other manufactured, human-made objects and products for sale and consumption,
we quickly approach 100% of the source points for living in a non-sustainable world.
Almost all of these products and environments are subject to design, planning, and
administration. This paper presents a paradigm and a tool for guiding the designer,
planner, or administrator through a lifetime of conservation-based, sustainable prac-
tices. The E/STEP
SM
methodology for assessments and the use of sustainability in-
dicators is a service-marked process created by the Joslyn Institute for Sustainable
Communities (JISC).
Keywords: Sustainable Design, Sustainable Planning, Sustainable Urban Administra-
tion.
Session 2A Renewable Energies and Energy Efciency
SDE3, LT424
P0104
Benchmarking Carbon Emissions of Ofce Buildings in
Bahrain
School of Architecture, University of Shefeld, United Kingdom
Benchmarking the energy performance of buildings plays a key role in protecting
the environment, reducing energy consumption and checking on energy efciency.
In this study, which is one of the rst to attempt benchmarking in Bahrain, the energy
and environmental performance of six public and private ofces were assessed. For
estimating the CO2 emission index (CEI), samples of the annual energy consumption
data were collected and analysed together with oor area data. The normalised per-
formance index was calculated for each ofce building. By using a standard method
it was possible to form a benchmark table that enabled comparison with building
benchmark values from other countries, such as those from CIBSE and BRE in the
UK. The benchmark values for the Bahraini ofces indicated poor energy and envi-
ronmental performance compared to international benchmarks. This study showed
that the CEI was a useful tool for benchmarking the performance of ofce buildings in
Bahrain and for providing a rst index of how well those buildings were performing.
Keywords: Benchmarking, Carbon Index, Ofce buildings, Bahrain.
14 Abstracts
P0210
Buildings in a Changing Climate Effects of Global Warming
on Energy Use
Hans Rosenlund
CEC Design, Sweden.
E-mail: www.cecdesign.se
Global warming will have adverse effects on energy use in buildings in warm ar-
eas. This paper studies the energy requirement for heating and cooling of a typical
modern apartment building in two locations in Jordan; the capital Amman in the
highlands, and the coastal city of Aqaba. In Amman, with a predominant heating
need, energy use decreases with global warming, while it increases in Aqaba, where
energy is mainly used for cooling. It was found that additional insulation and better
ventilation strategies may save up to almost 50% energy in the coastal city and more
than 90% in the highlands. Even in the scenario with +7
C global warming, the im-

proved design solution shows considerably lower energy use than todays standard
buildings.
Keywords: Building, Building Design, Energy, Climate Change, Global Warming.
P0232
The Rogers House: Innovative Design and Post Occupancy
Sakkara Rasisuttha
1
and David Rogers
2
1
Faculty of Architecture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
2
The houses owner and builder, Khon Kaen, Thailand
This paper presents an architectural design-research work that applies passive de-
sign theory and architectural practice that is not commonly practiced by Thai archi-
tects and not known by the public. Measured data of the Rogers house and a typical
Thai house is also presented. The Rogers house was constructed in wall bearing sys-
tem. The main energy efcient design concept of the Rogers house is Keeping the
Heat Out and Storing the Coolness In. This concept is accomplished by two passive
means: rst, the building envelops (insulated ceiling, light-weight alumina/cement
aerated block wall, double-glazing doors and windows) and second, store the cool-
ness in the buildings oor and extra-thick interior brick walls. The ratio of buildings
volume to interior thermal mass is 6.4. The house was nished in 2006 and the res-
idents have lived in the house since then. The residents reported that they mostly
feel comfortable while living in the house with minimum use of the air-conditioners.
Abstracts 15
Plotted data in the ASHRAE comfort chart shows that the thermal conditions in the
house were mostly in the comfort zones.
Keywords: Energy Efcient House, Measured Data, Thailand, Passive Design, Wall
Bearing.
P0308
Life Cycle Inventory of Extremely Low Energy Dwellings
Griet Verbeeck
1
and Hugo Hens
2
1
Department of Architecure, University College Provinciale Hogeschool, Hasselt,
Belgium
2
Division of Building Physics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Traditionally, LCAhas been developedfor the assessment of industrial products. This
makes the application to buildings not evident at all. Furthermore due to the very
long lifetime of buildings, hypotheses on processes of the end phase might result in
highly uncertain results. Besides, because of the long and complex course of life of a
building, researchers in the past often opted for LCA on building materials or com-
ponents. This way, however, a number of boundary conditions to be met by buildings
are not taken into account. In the frame of a research project on the development of
extremely lowenergy dwellings through life cycle optimization, a life cycle inventory
model for dwellings as a whole has been developed taking into account the building
envelope and installations and the boundary conditions to be met. A straightforward
calculation algorithm has been developed and an uncertainty analysis has been per-
formed, showing that the propagation of errors is limited. A contribution analysis
showed the relative small importance of the embodied energy of a building compared
to the energy consumption during the utilisation phase, especially when comparing
the embodied energy of energy saving measures with the energy savings they realise.
Keywords: LCA, Residential, Building, Installations, Sensitivity Analysis.
P0463
Energetic Implications of Alternative Lighting Control
Strategies in an Educational Building
Antonio Frattari
1
, Michela Chiogna
1
and Ardeshir Mahdavi
2
1
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,
University of Trento, Trento, Italy
2
Department of Building Physics and Building Ecology, Vienna University of Technology,
Vienna, Austria
Given new and emerging standards and requirements in Europe regarding energy
performance of buildings (see, for example, EPBD2002/91), it has become increasingly
16 Abstracts
important to improve the energy effectiveness of building operation. Toward this end,
efcient daylight-responsive systems for illumination of buildings (including instal-
lation of automatic lighting control systems) can provide a signicant contribution
(PrEN 15193). In this paper, we present a comparison of lighting energy performance
in two groups of spaces, namely lecture rooms in an academic building (Faculty of
Engineering, University of Trento). The study was carried out at the CUnEdI: Centro
Universitario Edici Intelligenti of the University of Trento. The rst group of three
lecture rooms is operated in a conventional manner: Luminaires are switched on and
off manually by the users (students, staff, cleaning personnel, etc.). In the second
group (spatially similar lecture rooms in the same oor/building and with the same
orientation) different automated control regimes were implemented and monitored
over a period of three months. These rooms are equipped with occupancy detectors,
illuminance sensors, and dimming actuators, installed and programmed specically
for each scenario. We compare the lighting energy use in these lecture rooms for the
implemented scenarios. Using standardisation techniques that consider differences
in occupancy duration, as well as indoor and outdoor illuminance levels, we can
isolate the quantitative difference between energy performance of conventional and
automated control scenarios.
Keywords: Energy Performance, Intelligent Lighting Systems Control.
Session 2B Climate Responsive Architecture, Solar Architecture
SDE3, LT426
P0189
An Investigation of Ventilation at Ground Level in High Density
Department of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Recently urban climate as one of important environmental issues in the process of
designing has been received high attention. There are many urban climatic studies by
researchers mainly from Europe and North America. Almost all of them focused on
strong wind problems; research concerning the weak wind issues is seriously lacking.
However, in subtropical high density cities, human comfort strongly related to the
weak wind at pedestrian level. Thus, there is a need to address this research issue in
high density cities, especially in Hong Kong.
Abstracts 17
This paper presents the initial results of case study of Air Ventilation Assessment
Systems (AVAS) on ventilation at ground level conducted in the typical hot humid
summer day in Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong. The ndings of this study have revealed
that air ow pattern within the densely built environment in the context of a high
density city. For better understanding the condition of air ventilation at ground level
in Tsim Sha Tsui, the eld measurement data has been translated into wind veloc-
ity ratio. Then, based on the eld measurement data, the urban breeze ways and
air paths have been carefully examined. Finally this paper offers some urban design
strategies in order to help planners, architects and developers produce good qual-
ity urban spaces. The study is still ongoing. Its ultimate is to aid better planning of
Hong Kong and to contribute to the current knowledge gap on urban climate in high
density cities.
Keywords: Ventilation, wind environment, pedestrians thermal comfort, high density
city, Hong Kong.
P0252
Human Comfort, Urban Climate Change and Energy Use:
Assessing Adaptation Options for the Rapidly Growing
Tropical Mega-Cities
Rohinton Emmanuel
Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
The rapid urban growth in the tropics, while being a problem in itself, leads to urban
climate changes which pose additional strains on urban energy supply and human
comfort. Primary causes for such urban climate changes are amenable to design in-
terventions: urban geometry (limited sky view), thermal properties of building sur-
faces, anthropogenic heat and air pollution. The net effect of urban climate changes
super-imposed on regional changes in tropical cities is the increasing need for build-
ing cooling energy. The urban thermal stress on the already stressful tropical climate
is making it nearly intolerable. This paper reports the thermal comfort and urban en-
ergy implications of a large-scale housing development in urban Sri Lanka, with the
aid of building- and neighbourhood-scale model simulations. A cool thermal envi-
ronment by built-form and layout manipulation is promoted as the preferred adapta-
tion mechanism for high-density tropical cities. Building energy and thermal comfort
implications are also explored.
Keywords: Thermal Comfort, Urban Heat Island, Tropical Climate, Urban Morphol-
ogy, Heat Island Mitigation.
18 Abstracts
P0548
Assessment Criteria for Form Environmental Performance of
Ahmed Elseragy
a
and Amira Elnokaly
b
Assistant Professor, Architectural Engineering and Environmental Design Department,
Arab Academy for Science and Technology - AAST- Alexandria - Egypt.
E-mail:
a
ahmed.elseragy@aast.edu,
b
amira.elnokaly@aast.edu
This paper represents the methodology carried out for the investigation of a part of a
multiphase experimental research work that examines the effect of various forms and
geometries of building envelope elements on indoor environments under given sum-
mer or winter conditions. The research also includes the inuence of outer envelope
form upon indoor thermal conditions, external and internal solar behaviour, natu-
ral ventilation and day lighting performances under particular climatic conditions.
The different phases aim at investigating large number of roof and wall forms using
different measurement tools and techniques; onsite and experimental investigations,
laboratories rigs, and computational simulations. The research-project considers the
environmental properties of spaces enclosed by different architectural forms and ge-
ometries in order to nd out their Forms Environmental Performance (FEP). The
lack of appropriate tools for environmental investigations of some building-envelope
forms and their internal and external environmental respond scenarios are identied
along with better understanding of form environmental benets. This research has
been carried out on various curved roof forms being the most popular roof form in
hot arid regions; in this paper the conical roof form will be discussed in more detail.
Keywords: Building Envelope, FormEnvironmental Performance, Solar Radiation, Air
Flow, Egypt.
P0397
Opportunities and Restrictions of Bioclimatic Architecture
Applied to Architectural Design Developed in the City of
Florianopolis
Rafael Prado Cartana
1
and Fernando Oscar Ruttkay Pereira
2
1
University of the Valley of Itaja, Balneario Camboriu, Brazil/Federal University of Santa
Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
2
University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
This study aims at identifying, through eld research, the opportunities and restric-
tions of bioclimatic architecture applied to architectural projects developedin the con-
struction business in the city of Florianopolis. The rst part of this study presents a
bibliographic review of the concepts involved in the design methodology and
Abstracts 19
bioclimatic architecture. It also presents a description of the citys climate, the most
effective bioclimatic strategies, and the legal issues related to thermal comfort in
the building environment. The second part of this paper presents the results of a
eld research survey applied to professional architects. It identies the most used
design processes and their level of commitment regarding thermal comfort issues.
Research results indicate the following key aspects of the subject developed in this
present work: the low cost of design and the requirement of fullment of stated peri-
ods, conicts between comfort aspects with the other design aspects and the cost of
construction.
Keywords: Field Research, Thermal Comfort, Professional Practice.
Session 2C Sustainable Building Assessment, Methods and
Policies
SDE3, LT427
P0366
Integral Design Methodology for Sustainable IFD Buildings and
W. Zeiler
1,2
, G. Boxem
1
, M. A. van Houten
1
, P. Savanovic
1
,
E. M. C. J. Quanjel
1
, W. Wortel
2
, J. A. J. van der Velden
2
, J. F. de Haan
2
,
I. G. Kamphuis
3
and M. P. F. Hommelberg
3
1
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, The Netherlands
2
Kropman Building Services, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
3
Energy Research Centre Netherlands, Petten, The Netherlands
Sustainable building will be the major guiding principle for renewal of building and
spatial planning practice. Kropman being one of the major Dutch building services
contractors is aware of this trend. It is because of this rowing awareness of sustain-
ability that the company puts effort towards knowledge transfer and research with
the Dutch knowledge and research institutes. The principles of sustainable building
within the IFD (Industrial Flexible Dismountable) concept are applied in the plan-
ning of a new building for the Kropman Utrecht department. Aim was an integrated
approach within the design process to reach a maximum level of integration between
building elements and climate conditioning elements. A newly developed method-
ology for structuring and documenting integral design processes enables design of
renewable energy installations on the level of individual installations. Design tools
20 Abstracts
for the energy infrastructure are now lacking: renewable energy installations, tuning
demand and supply in a dynamic way and tuning to the decision process. New tech-
nological solutions are needed to make renewable energy solutions on building and
infrastructural level more natural, easy and intuitively understandable for architect
and consultants. The paper will discuss the approach to reach these goals.
Keywords: Integral Design, Flexergy.
P0352
Integrating Energy Rating and Carbon Limitation in Irish
Building Regulations a Comparative Analysis of Ireland and
UK/(Eng/Wales)
Patrick Daly
RiSE Research Unit (Research in Sustainable Environments), Department of
Architectural Technology, Faculty of the Built Environment,
Dublin Institute of Technology, Ireland
Article 4 of the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requires mem-
ber states to ensure minimum energy performance requirements for buildings, us-
ing a national methodology, which calculates the overall energy consumption for
space heating/cooling, water heating and lighting. Ireland and the UK have now
integrated similar energy calculation methods into their respective building regula-
tions for dwellings, and both have introduced limitation of carbon emissions as the
principle compliance criteria, which is a radical departure from previous compliance
methods.
This paper examines the compliance impacts of integrating energy rating and
carbon compliance into Part L of the Irish Building Regulations for the conservation
of energy in dwellings. The paper reviews the relevant contextual background in Ire-
land and examines the change from a fabric heat loss compliance base to an overall
energy method and the introduction of limitation of carbon emissions as the principle
compliance approach.
The core focus of the paper is a comparative analysis of the Irish and UK (Eng/
Wales) national calculation methodologies, building regulation framework, and stan-
dards, highlighting a major difference in energy and carbon benchmarks, despite a
minimal variation in methodology. The paper raises serious deciencies within the
Irish building regulation standards in comparison to the UK (Eng/Wales), in particu-
lar in relation to limiting carbon emissions, which contradicts aspirations and targets
set within Irish Governmental national policies.
Keywords: Energy, Energy Rating, EPBD, Carbon Emission, Carbon Limitation, Build-
ing Control, Regulations Standards, Residential, Dwellings.
Abstracts 21
P0193
Experiences in the Development of Sustainable Design
Methodology for a Residential Complex La Piedra in
Timo M arquez Arreaza
1
, Ricardo Vargas Romero
2
and France Aguilar Galiz
2
1
MGR Proyectos Sostenibles, Maracaibo, Venezuela
2
RVM & Asociados, Maracaibo, Venezuela
Several bioclimatic design strategies, among them solar control and wind utilization,
have been integrated within architecture projects in the city of Maracaibo, Venezuela.
These are an integral set of considerations addressed within a sustainable design pro-
cess. Nonetheless, no experience has been documented in regards to the inclusion of
other sustainable considerations in an integral manner, e.g. water and energy ef-
ciency among others. This paper presents a case study of the inclusion of environ-
mental sustainable principles into the design process of a residential complex in the
city of Maracaibo. This paper describes the methodology followedby the design team
(architects, engineers and consultants) in order to improve a design process which
considers various aspects of sustainability while taking into account the limitations
and opportunities of the local context. The process evolves through several discus-
sions of: a) sustainability and the local context, b) assessment of current international
methods, c) potential strategies, d) integration into design, and e) design evaluation.
The results serve both: as a rst step into further incorporation of sustainable concepts
into Maracaibos architectural design practices, and highlight the environmental re-
sults obtained and expected from including these concepts.
Keywords: Sustainable Integrative Design, Case Study, Maracaibo.
P0218
Going Beyond Local Regulations on the Built Environment:
Considerations and Implications in the Design Process for the
City of Maracaibo, Venezuela
Timo M arquez Arreaza
1,a
, Ver onica Reyes
2,b
and Nastia Almao
3,c
1
MGR Proyectos Sostenibles, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
E-mail: amarquezt@asme.org
2
Centro de Optimizaci on Energ etica de ENELVEN, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
E-mail: bverrey@cantv.net
3
Universidad del Zulia, Escuela de Ingeniera Mec anica, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
E-mail: cnalmao@cantv.net
Maracaibos architecture and construction sector is undergoing an interesting process
in the area of energy efciency in buildings. Although local ordinances regulate the
way buildings should be designed and constructed, it is only since 2006 that a new
22 Abstracts
ordinance addresses the need for energy efciency and thermal comfort in the way
buildings envelope are designed. The Ordinance on Thermal Quality for the city of
Maracaibo, rst in Venezuela, requires that all buildings comply with a maximum
heat transfer value for its envelope (VTTG). Its implementation has forced the con-
struction sector to change its business as usual practice in regards to architectural
design and construction. Now more than ever before, rms are considering not only
the variables to comply with the required VTTG, but are improving its envelope ef-
ciency by as much as 30 per cent higher compared to the required value. This pa-
per presents many of the considerations and implications architects and construction
professionals have had to address to comply and go beyond the required standards,
e.g. capacity building, design team improvement, incentives evaluation. The paper is
based on a survey directed to several architects and consultants and their experience
in integrating this Ordinance into their daily practice.
Keywords: Sustainable Design, Energy Efciency, Local Regulation.
Session 3A Design Support Tools and Simulation
SDE3, LT424
P0230
Accounting for Urban Microclimate in Computer Simulation of
Evyatar Erell
1
, Veronica Soebarto
2
and Terence Williamson
2
1
J. Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev,
Sde Boqer Campus, Israel
2
School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture & Urban Design,
The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
The paper demonstrates the importance of using site-specic data in computer sim-
ulation of building energy performance. The CAT (Canyon Air Temperature) com-
puter model, which is designed to predict site-specic air temperature in an urban
street canyon for extended periods on the basis of data from a reference station ex-
posed to the same meso-scale weather, was used to provide modied input to a series
of Ener-Win simulations of the energy performance of a hypothetical ofce building.
The simulations show that urban modication to air temperature may be too large to
Abstracts 23
neglect in certain locations, depending on the climate and on the density of the city,
which is represented by the aspect ratio of the street canyon.
Keywords: Building Energy Simulation; Urban Climate; Urban Heat Island; Urban
Cool Island.
P0283
Numerical Analysis of the Thermal Inuence of Building
Design on Urban Environment
- Development of Thermal Design Tool for Outdoor Space
using 3D-CAD
Kazuaki Nakaohkubo
1
, Akira Hoyano
1
and Takashi Asawa
2
1
Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering,
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
2
A&A, Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
The purpose of this study is to develop a thermal design tool for architectural de-
signer by combining a heat balance simulation for urban surfaces, including build-
ings, the ground and greenery, with a 3D-CAD. This tool is constructed by improving
the previous simulation model, which uses the Geographic Information System for
the input data. The simulation algorithm is improved so as to predict the surface
temperature distribution of urban blocks while taking into account the actual design
of the outdoor space using the 3D-CAD system. A pre-post processing system using
all-purpose 3D-CAD software is developed. Using this simulation tool, the thermal
inuence of urban/ building design on urban environment is examined. In order to
evaluate pavement material, HIP and MRT taking solar radiation into account are cal-
culated. The results reveal that HIP for urban block using cool pavement is lowered.
However, MRT increase because of reected solar radiation from cool pavement.
Keywords: Radiation environment, Surface temperature, Environmental design tool,
Numerical simulation, 3D-CAD, MRT taking solar radiation into account.
24 Abstracts
P0420
The Performance of a Partially Air Conditioned Apartment
Building in Kuala Lumpur
Sabarinah Sh. Ahmad
1
and Steven V. Szokolay
2
1
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture Planning & Surveying,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
2
Department of Architecture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072 QLD,
Australia.
E-mail: sabrin63@yahoo.com
There is a growing trend for high and medium density housing in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia to cope with the demand for urban housing. This paper explores the energy
performance, thermal performance and low energy design strategies in partially air-
conditioned (AC) apartment buildings in Kuala Lumpur. Most apartment dwellers
prefer to install AC split units in the master bedrooms and living rooms for cooling
which results in huge increases in energy consumption. A study on thermal perfor-
mance (using simulation software Tas) is conducted on a base case (typically built)
apartment unit in a medium rise housing block. Simulations for the living rooms are
conducted on the hottest day of the year and the total energy use values are presented
in kWh. The effects of operation types (continuous and intermittent), varying the set
point temperature (28.6 and 26
C), orientation, insulation, shading, materials and lo-

cation (oor levels and zones) are analysed. The results show that air-conditioning
would be needed only on very hot days. On average days, the use of air condition-
ing is proven unnecessary as passive cooling can be utilised. Recommended thermo-
stat setting based on 90% acceptability is 23.628.6
C. Setting the thermostat higher

will reduce energy use dramatically. In order to minimise the usage of air condition-
ers, passive climate control strategies (orientation, shading and insulation) should be
adopted. Results showthat improvements to the base case can reduce the total energy
consumption by two thirds.
Keywords: Performance Analysis, Thermal Comfort, Apartment Building.
P0188
Modelling the Air Flows in Urban Places in Hong Kong Using
Marcus Oliver Letzel
1
, Xipo An
2
and Edward Ng
2
1
Institute of Meteorology and Climatology, University of Hannover
2
Department of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
The air ows within the urban places have signicant impact on the urban planning
issues. They not only affect human comfort within the city together with air tem-
perature, relative humidity etc, but also affect the energy consumption for building
Abstracts 25
Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning (HVAC) very much.
In this study, we employed topography version of PArallelized Large Eddy Sim-
ulation model (PALM), which is developedby Raasch S. et al, to calculate the air ows
within Tsin Sha Tsui in Hong Kong.
In order to validate the LES result, the eld measurements are also conducted.
The eld measurements and LES give consistent result. It reveals that the velocity
ratio (VR) at Tsim Sha Tsui is between 0.05 and 0.2 and it is much lower than the VR
at Tokyo. It also proves that the LES is a promising research tool, for modelling the
air ows within the urban places.
Keywords: Air Ventilation, Large Eddy Simulation, Hong Kong.
Session 3B Passive and Low Energy Architecture Case Studies
SDE3, LT426
P0360
The Realities of Environmental Design Initiatives in
Architectural Practice
Dana Raydan, Peter Williams
1
, Juliet Landler
2
, Red Ventura
3
,
Peter McLaughlin
4
and Phil Dordai
5
1
RMJM Ltd, Cambridge, UK
2
RMJM Ltd, Hong Kong
3
RMJM Ltd, Dubai, UAE
4
RMJM Ltd, Edinburgh, UK
5
RMJM Hillier, Princeton, USA
RMJM, an international award-winning architectural practice, has been tacitly but
actively embracing energy efciency and sustainable considerations in the built en-
vironment internationally for many years. The company has recently given a distinct
identity to its environmental design initiative. Because of its international standing,
this initiative, still in its infancy, needs to address audiences with differing degrees of
environmental awareness. This initiative also faces the challenge of making the sus-
tainability ethos a part of the design process on a company-wide scale. We explore
the successes and challenges of integrating environmental design considerations into
recently completed and on-going projects in the UK, Middle East, Far East and North
America. We then briey assess the impact of key project related variables such as
client brief, client awareness, cost, programme and design team initiatives on the
environmental aspects of four RMJM projects with environmental credentials. The
26 Abstracts
purpose of the above analysis is to identify the challenges, understand the specics
of geographic context and client body, and learn fromexperience, in order to devise a
unied framework in-keeping with the companys existing ethos. This aim is for this
framework to aid the implementation and management of the environmental design
process within all RMJM projects across the company branches. The focus of this pa-
per is therefore less on quantifying the sustainability rating of our projects and more
on drawing lessons from this rich experience.
Keywords: Environmental design initiatives, architectural practice.
P0547
Naturally Ventilated Tall Ofce Building in the Tropics
Learning from Bawa
Beng Kiang Tan
a
, Uma Maheswaran Cr and Shunjuan Hong
Department of Architecture, School of Design and Environment,
National University of Singapore.
E-mail:
a
akitanbk@nus.edu.sg
In 1972, the late Asian architect Geoffrey Bawa designed a naturally ventilated 12-
storey ofce building in Colombo, Sri Lanka, The building incorporated many envi-
ronmentally responsive design principles long before the buzzwords of bioclimatic
and sustainable architecture became commonplace. Bawa designed a monsoon win-
dow facade that would allow airow into the building even when the windows are
closed during rain. The building construction completed in 1978 but unfortunately,
it was not used as originally intended. Shortly after the expatriate occupants moved
in, air-conditioning units were installed. The ofce interior was partitioned up into
many sub units instead of an open plan layout, thus impeding airow. The paper in-
vestigates the effectiveness of the facade prole for natural ventilation as originally
designed and lessons we can learn from it. It examines the performance of each ele-
ment of the facade. Measurements are done using a physical model in wind tunnel
tests. The project details of this building is obtained from archival research, visit to
the building and interview with the original design team.
Keywords: Applied Passive Architecture, Design Principles, Design Case Study, Nat-
ural Ventilation, Monsoon Window.
Abstracts 27
P0396
The Tall Building and the Architectural Utopians: The Role of
Environmental Issues and the Challenge of a Design Exercise
in S ao Paulo
Erica Mitie Umakoshi
1
and Joana Carla Goncalves
2
1
Laborat orio de Conforto Ambiental e Eci encia Energ etica, Departamento de
Tecnologia da Arquitetura, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Universidade de S ao
Paulo, S ao Paulo, Brasil.
E-mail: eumakoshi@gmail.com
2
Rua do Lago, 876, Cidade Universit aria, CEP 05508-900, S ao Paulo SP, Brasil.
E-mail: jocarch@usp.br
The utopian ideas of great architects such as Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright
highlighted the desire of the modernism for the verticality. This paper presents a
critical review of the main utopias of the 20
th
century related to the architecture of
the tall building, starting in 1960s, the time of the technological revolution, with the
work of Archigramand the Japanese Metabolists. Following up, the global discussion
on sustainability reached the architectural agenda and the ideas on the verticality in
1970, when the ecological proposals were related to the environmental impacts of
both tall buildings and the sprawling cities. The Malaysian architect Ken Yeang be-
came a worldwide reference on theories about the ecological skyscraper, proposing
a new green aesthetics for sustainability. On the last two decades, the aspiration for
new iconic tall buildings around the world led to the design of super tall buildings,
which are meant to push the discussions on environmental and technical aspects, in
order to support future projects which are more contextual driven. Concluding, as a
design exercise, a tall building is proposed for the city of S ao Paulo, conceptualising
environmental aspects within some of the main architectural and urban theories.
Keywords: Tall Building, Architecture, Utopia, Green, Sustainability.
P0208
Retrotting of the NTUA Student Residence Building with the
use of an Innovative Aluminium skin
Euphrosyne Triantis
a
, Flora Bougiatioti
b
and Aineias Oikonomou
c
Architects National Technical University of Athens, 9, Heroon Polytechniou St., Athens
157 80, Greece. Tel.: 30-210-772 1024; Fax: 30-210-772 1572.
E-mail:
a
rue@chemeng.ntua.gr,
b
fbougiatioti@yahoo.com,
c
aineias4@yahoo.com
This paper presents a project involving the environmental retrotting of the Student
Residences Building of the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece.
The retrotting and subsequent transformation of an existing and rather problem-
atic building can help preserve the initial embodied energy invested in it, further
28 Abstracts
expand its life cycle, and at the same time, improve its environmental performance
and thermal and visual comfort conditions. Furthermore, the retrotting proposal can
incorporate energy-saving and renewable energy sources features, in order to further
reduce conventional energy consumption. In addition to low energy solutions pro-
posed, the project explored the use of aluminium as a facade cladding material as
part of an overall retrotting concept.
Keywords: New Skin, Innovative Features, Aluminium Elements.
Policies
SDE3, LT427
P0298
An Irish Building Environmental Assessment Method
Paul Kenny
1,2
, Neasa Hourigan
1
and Vivienne Brophy
1,2
1
School of Architecture, Landscape and Civil Engineering, University College Dublin,
Dublin, Ireland
2
UCD Energy Research Group, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
This paper presents a building environmental assessment methodology developed
for application in new commercial buildings in Ireland. In an attempt to address is-
sues of specic national interest the development of the methodology considered the
recent introduction of the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, a vibrant
economy in which the building industry accounts for 23% of GDP, the highest in the
European Union, increasing concerns over national environmental performance and
a projected shortfall in meeting its Kyoto commitments.
The development of the methodology was supported by a steering committee
representative of a wide spectrum of professional, public and industrial representa-
tives and reects the interests and concerns of all contributions. In particular and in
an attempt to innovate where other similar international schemes have not, credit
categories have been developed to reward projects that address and integrate the
principals of passive and microclimatic design. Daylight access and protection, solar
access and protection and wind and shelter are addressed. In addition, a separate
credit category has been added to reward innovation as part of the procurement and
design process.
Keywords: Environmental Assessment, Whole Building Performance, Passive Design.
Abstracts 29
P0119
Geographical Information System (GIS)-Based Urban Heat
Island Study in NUS Campus
Department of Building, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Urban development is the result of countrys economic growth. Without careful plan-
ning, a city can cause a serious environmental impact. In the previous research on
Singapore Urban Heat Island (UHI), it was found that UHI exists with intensity of
4
C. This phenomenon also exists in other countries and many researches have been
conducting to understand the severity and the possible causes.
This study is the extension of the Singapore urban heat island study which fo-
cuses more on the microclimate scale. An institutional campus, National University
of Singapore (NUS) Kent Ridge Campus was chosen for this study. In order to map
out the temperature condition, eld measurement was carried out from 26 August
to 25 September 2006. It was found that at the dense greenery area, the temperature
condition can be lower by 3.2
C as compared with the sparse greenery area during

day time. During night time the temperature difference can be 2
C around 3.004.00.
It shows that urban heat island phenomena happened in NUS Kent Ridge Campus
and greenery provides a good benet by reducing the ambient temperature.
All of the measurement data was put into the Geographical Information System
(GIS) database and daily day time and night time temperature maps were produced.
By using GIS, temperature prole across the NUS Kent Ridge campus can be gen-
erated to provide a clearer picture about the temperature distribution and facilitates
further analysis.
Keywords: GIS, Urban Heat Island, NUS Campus, Field Measurement.
P0535
Support Procedures for Decision Makers on the Sustainable
Urban Development of Coastal Areas
Ana Rosa Lombardi
a
, Miguel Aloysio Sattler
b
and Luis Carlos Bonin
c
NORIE, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
E-mail:
a
arlombardi@terra.com.br,
b
masattler@gmail.com,
c
lbonin@genesis.cpgec.ufrgs.br
This study focused on the denition of procedures directed towards the sustainable
development of urban areas in coastal zones. Coastal zones are characterized by food
abundance (sh, crab, etc.) and harbour wide-ranging species diversity, as well as
promote valuable housing and human leisure areas. Environmental changes as a re-
sult of agricultural and urban outspread along the Brazilian coastal zones are leading
30 Abstracts
the way to natural resources and biodiversity devastation, destruction of ecosystems
and other processes that are essential for maintenance of environmental quality. Pro-
cedures to support decision makers with regards to sustainable urban planning of
the studied area were proposed, considering as priority, maintenance of the natural
coastal characteristics. The studied area sits in Garopaba, a small town in the south-
ern coast of Brazil, which is undergoing an accelerated urbanization process brought
about by a fast growing tourism industry. This region has been subject to signi-
cant environmental changes, even though characteristics of the natural environment,
highly diverse ecosystems and a landscape of rare beauty are still apparent. The pro-
posed procedures make use of high-resolution satellite image (QuickBird) of the area
and land information. Thematic maps for territorial ordering of the studied area were
developed. Relevant information, such as conservation and restricted usable areas,
overow risk, environmental planning units and a synthetic map for land planning,
were obtained. The present study attempts to establish recommendations for environ-
mental planning units, according to literature and site analysis, aiming to rationalize
the urban sprawl, preserve coastal ecosystems and maintain the sites environmental
quality.
Keywords: Urban development planning, coastal areas, thematic maps.
P0401
LEED Outside Its Native Environment: Potentialities and
Laboratory of Environment and Energy Studies LABAUT, Department of Technology,
Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism (FAU), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo,
Brazil
Aiming to support the critical analysis of the LEED system application outside the
USA, this work focuses on the evolution of LEED-NC application in its native envi-
ronment between 2000 and 2005. This work presents an analysis of the LEED rating
system encompassing: [1] LEED initiative history in the USA (from the early versions
to the recent ones); [2] indications of LEED inuence in Brazil and in other countries;
[3] evolution of the certication level throughout the different LEED versions; and
[4] a data bank with all the LEED-NC certied projects between 2000 and 2005 (ap-
proximately 264 projects in total) based on the public search tool of the United States
Green Building Council (USGBC) website. This analysis supported a clear gure of
the system use, showing its application results on the American building sector and
its implications on other countries outside USA. Collecting the certication proles
of such developments, a historical LEED road map was produced showing the evo-
lution of this dynamic along ve years and future trends. The results present lessons
Abstracts 31
learned as guidelines for its eventual use in other countries and evidences of the in-
sertion of the rating system in Brazil, indicating potentialities and inconsistencies for
its application in this national context.
Keywords: Environmental Assessment, Green Building, Environmental Sustainability,
LEED.
Session 4A Design Support Tools and Simulation
SDE3, LT424
P0166
Orientation, Building Height and Sky View Factor as Energy
L ea Cristina Lucas de Souza
1
and Marcio Luis Yamaguti
2
1
Department of Architecture, Urbanism and Landscape, Faculty of Architecture,
Arts and Communication, S ao Paulo State University, Bauru, Brazil
2
Graduate Student of the Faculty of Architecture, Arts and Communication, S ao Paulo
State University, Bauru, Brazil
The energy efciency of buildings should be a goal at the pre-design phase, though
the importance of the design variables is often neglected even during the design pro-
cess. Highlighting the relevance of these design variables, this research studies the
relationships of building location variables with the electrical energy consumption
of residential units. The following building design parameters are considered: ori-
entation, story height and sky view factor (SVF). The consideration of the SVF as
a location variable contributes to the originality of this research. Data of electrical
energy consumption and users proles were collected and several variables were
considered for the development of an Articial Neural Network model. This model
allows the determination of the relative importance of each variable. The results show
that the apartments orientation is the most important design variable for the energy
consumption, although the story height and the sky view factor play a fundamental
role in that consumption too. We pointed out that building heights above twenty-
four meters do not optimize the energy efciency of the apartments and also that an
increasing SVF can inuence the energy consumption of an apartment according to
their orientation.
Keywords: Urban Environment, GIS, Urban Canyons, Urban Thermal Comfort.
32 Abstracts
P0274
BIM: Dening Opportunities for Environmentally Sensitive
Design
Ute Poerschke
1
and Loukas Kalisperis
1,2
1
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
2
The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a database-driven modelling application in
which building data is linked to elements of a 3D model, thus allowing the subse-
quent evaluation of the entire model by using integrated or external analysis soft-
ware. This position paper discusses how BIM can accommodate environmentally
responsible planning. In the rst part, different passive and active methods of green
design are connected to different design phases, actors, building elements, and anal-
ysis tools. It illustrates that particular green strategies are effective more at the be-
ginning of the design process (e.g. daylighting), while others refer to construction
(e.g. use of regional materials), or to the later occupation of the building (e.g. CO
2
monitoring). Since BIM allows the subsequent integration of such strategies in a 3D
model during the entire design, construction, and operation process, it can become a
suitable tool for environmentally sensitive design. In the second part, these method-
timeframe relations will be correlated to a leading green rating standard, the U.S.
Green Building Rating System LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental De-
sign), illustrating how BIM can act as a tool to plan, assess and organize green strate-
gies and certication within the building design processes.
Keywords: BIM, Integrative Planning, Energy Analysis and Simulation Applications,
LEED.
P0279
The Development of Energy Efciency Building Codes in the
ASEAN Area - A Quarter-Century Review and the Proposal for
a Design Tool for Commercial Buildings in Vietnam
Viet Tuan Do
1
, Alan N. Young
2
, Nico Kienzl
3
and Gerald Pde
3
1
Atelier Ten Ltd, London, United Kingdom
2
The Bartlett School of Graduate Studies, University College London, London,
United Kingdom
3
Atelier Ten Ltd, New York, United States of America
Nearly a quarter-century after the launch of the rst Energy Efciency Building Code
(EEBC) of the ASEAN area in Singapore, the Vietnam Ministry of Construction pro-
mulgated an EEBC on 17
th
November 2005 (known as QCXDVN 09:2005). This was
the rst generation of an EEBC in the country which sets up a comprehensive range
Abstracts 33
of design standards for building envelopes and services systems. However, the de-
sign community in Vietnam has still not beneted from a user-friendly compliance
tool that can produce a whole building energy rating and compare it to a benchmark,
supporting them in making the right design decisions from the early stages of the
project.
This paper reviews the development of EEBC in Vietnam in comparison with
other ASEAN countries during the last three decades. The paper discusses the de-
velopment of VQERT
R
(Vietnam Quick Energy Rating Tool) a simplied design tool
that is aimed at architects in the early stages of design. The architect should be able
to use VQERT
R
to evaluate quickly the sensible cooling load of the building design
and compare it to the benchmarking values of a notional building that fully complies
with the design standards in QCXDVN 09:2005.
Keywords: Energy Efciency Building Code, Code Compliance Tool, Low Energy Ar-
chitecture, Sustainable Architecture.
P0445
A Numerical Method for Analyzing the Microclimatic Effect of
Thermal Simulation
In order to simulate the microclimate as a design support tool, we are developing
a method of coupling computational uid dynamics (CFD) with outdoor thermal
simulation. In our method, analysis is carried out using the combination of CFD and
3D-CAD compatible outdoor thermal simulation on personal computer. The thermal
simulation tool has been developed by Hoyano et al. [1] for the numerical analysis
of the thermal impact of building design using 3D-CAD. Numerical analysis of the
microclimatic effect of bioclimatic design with detailed spatial design and material
settings can be performed using our method. In the present paper, as an important
topic with respect to realizing this coupled simulation, the validity of the number of
calculations and the algorithm are analyzed.
Furthermore, to verify the applicability of this simulation method, a simulation
study is carried out to predict and evaluate a microclimate using 3D models of a
small residential area. The evaluation parameters include surface temperature, air
temperature, wind velocity, MRT, and SET
. As a result, the difference in the thermal

environment can be quantied for different space designs and materials.
Keywords: Thermal Comfort, Coupled Simulation, Microclimate, Bioclimatic Design.
34 Abstracts
SDE3, LT426
P0416
Energy Efciency of an Indirect Evaporative Passive Cooling
System
Axa Rojas
1
and Eduardo Gonzalez
2
1
Escuela de Arquitectura, Facultad de Arquitectura y Dise no, Universidad del Zulia,
Venezuela
2
Instituto de Investigaciones (IFAD), Facultad de Arquitectura y Dise no, Universidad del
Zulia, Venezuela
Experimental studies carried out in Maracaibo have demonstrated cooling potential
of passive cooling systems based on indirect evaporative cooling (Gonzalez, 1990,
1997, 1998). Basedon these experiences results, a bioclimatic prototype dwelling (VBP-
1) was designed and built. It conjugates bioclimatic design criteria and an Indirect
Evaporative Cooling Passive System. The main paper objective is to present and dis-
cus estimated SPEEI energy efciency results as an Indirect Evaporative cooling tech-
nique suitable to use in a tropical climate. Passive cooling system advantages appli-
cability were examined during seven months (February to September 2006), as well
as strategies that must be considered when it is used in this type of climate. Exper-
imental data have allowed discussing some SPEEI performance affecting variables.
Besides it, numerical simulations were developed. Experimental analytical data from
VBP-1 was compared with the SPEEI results using simulated data for two types of
roofs: Pl afacil and slab rib with clay blocks. Based on this comparison, the index of
energy efciency of the SPEEI and its economic and environmental impact were cal-
culated. Study results have demonstrated that is possible to reduce the internal tem-
peratures of the house well below the outside temperature using indirect evaporative
passive cooling with inexpensive materials.
Keywords: Energy Efciency, Economic and Environmental Valuation, Passive Cool-
ing System, Indirect Evaporative Cooling, Warm-Humid Climate.
Abstracts 35
P0334
Ground Cooling and Night Ventilation in the Italian Casa in
Linea
Arianna Sdei
The Martin Centre, Cambridge University, UK
In the face of increasing acquisition of domestic air conditioners and global warm-
ing, there is a challenge to combine climate mitigation with adaptation. This study
demonstrates to what extent passive cooling strategies can meet this challenge in the
context of Mediterranean housing.
After a short introduction about passive cooling strategies the author focuses his
study in particular on ground cooling since this technique in the last years is receiv-
ing signicant attention by architects and scientists. The author then explores a design
that taking into account a typical residential form in Italy supplies the cooling load
using a combination of passive cooling techniques. The main passive cooling strate-
gies adopted are night cooling and ground ducts since when combined together can
be very effective. In fact during the night the building can be cooled by the outside
air and during the day by the air coming from the pipes.
Finally, through a parametric study, the author analyses six cases using Sum-
mer [5], a simulation tool elaborated on by the University of Athens, in order to
dene the impact of each strategy as a cooling source. Some of the key results can be
summarized as follows:
Buried pipes are theoretically a more effective technique than Night ventilation in
reducing the cooling load.
The combination of the above two strategies guarantees a reduction of the cooling
load by 89%.
Conference Topic: 2 Design strategies and tools
Keywords: Passive Cooling Techniques, Cooling Load.
36 Abstracts
P0460
Cooling by Roof Pond with Floating Insulation in the Hot
Humid Climate of Veracruz, Mexico
Jos e Roberto Garca Ch avez
1
, Baruch Givoni
2
and Stepahnie Mundet
3
1
Universidad Aut onoma Metropolitana-Azcapotzalco, Divisi on de Ciencias y Artes para
el Dise no, Departamento de Medio Ambiente, Laboratorio de Investigaciones en
Arquitectura Bioclim atica, San Pablo 180. Colonia Reynosa Tamaulipas. 02200, M exico,
D.F. Mexico.
E-mail: jgc@correo.azc.uam.mx
2
UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA and BGU, Beer Sheva, Israel.
E-mail: bgivoni@ucla.ed
3
ENTPE, Ecole Nationale des Travaux Publics de lEtat, Lyon, France.
E-mail: stephmundet@yahoo.fr
The potential of passive cooling by means of a roof pond with oating insulation
was investigated in Veracruz, Mexico. Veracruz city has hot humid conditions dur-
ing most of the year, causing high energy consumption in air conditioned buildings
and high thermal stress for the occupants in un-conditioned buildings, affecting their
health, productivity and efciency. The experimental facility for this research, at the
location of the Gulf Meteorological Prevision Centre in Veracruz, consisted of two
identical insulated test cells, one serving as the control and the other one as the test
unit, where the passive cooling technique of roof pond with oating insulation was
implemented and investigated.
Results have shown that roof pond with oating insulation can be an effective
strategy to reduce indoor temperatures without elevating the indoor humidity in
buildings located in hot humid climates. The roof pond with the oating insulation
has lowered the indoor maximum temperature by about 2
C. The combination of the

lower radiant and air temperatures would improve the comfort of persons living in a
building with such passive cooling system.
Keywords: Passive Cooling, Evaporative Cooling, Floating Insulation, Humid Climate.
P0474
Case Study in Passive Architecture: Energy Savings Benet in
a Detached House in Malaysia
Wan Rahmah Mohd Zaki, Abdul Hadi Nawawi and Sabarinah Sh Ahmad
University of Technology MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
Passive Architecture is essentially an approach towards Sustainable Built Environ-
ment. By strategising major variables, namely orientation, form, openings and shad-
ing devices, a building in the hot and humid tropics can be built to shun the need for
mechanical cooling and articial lighting hence less dependent on commercially sup-
Abstracts 37
plied energy. This is an advantage that can be equated to Energy Savings Benet of
Passive Architecture. This paper intends to exhibit the favourable indoor comfortable
conditions and Energy Savings Benet of an Actual Case house at the living/dining
area compared to one Typical Case house. The nding is based on a simulation of the
two designs on 21
st
June facilitated by IES Virtual Environment software. Although
for a day, the preliminary simulation shows favourable Energy Savings Benet in the
Actual Case that applies Passive Architecture design strategies.
Keywords: Passive Architecture, Indoor Comfortable Conditions and Energy Savings
Benet.
Session 4C Daylighting and Ventilation
SDE3, LT427
P0327
Effects of Roof Design on the Wind-induced Ventilation
Performance of Atrium Spaces
School of Architecture, the University of Shefeld, UK
This paper investigates the wind-induced natural ventilation of atrium buildings
with several different types of roofs using computational uid dynamics (CFD) tech-
niques. Three possible ow patterns are identied for an atrium building with a sec-
tion aspect ratio of unity rst and on the basis of this identication the ventilation
performance of two common kinds of atrium roof shapes, including triangular type
roofs and barrel vault type roofs, are investigated and compared, based on which
relevant design guidelines are also developed nally.
Keywords: Roof, Atrium buildings, Wind-induced Ventilation, CFD, Recirculation.
38 Abstracts
P0502
Efcient Lighting Strategies for Ofce Rooms in Tropical
Climates
Solar Energy and Building Physics Laboratory (LESO-PB), Ecole Polytechnique
F ed erale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
The Green Lighting research project, initiated at the Solar Energy and Building
Physics Laboratory (LESO-PB) of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lau-
sanne (EPFL), is aiming at an energy efcient integration of advanced daylighting
and electric lighting systems. This communication presents the latest developments
within this project and discusses possible consequences for ofces in tropical cli-
mates. A computer model of a Singapore ofce room equipped with an Anidolic
Integrated Ceiling, for which daylight autonomies have recently been calculated at
National University of Singapore, has been developed using the RELUX Vision light-
ing software. An appropriate complementary electric lighting system for this ofce
room is suggested and its performance in terms of visual comfort is discussed. It is
shown that this electric lighting system would lead to a lighting power density lower
than 5 W/m
2
and would consume less than 1 kWh of electricity per day.
Keywords: Anidolic Daylighting Systems, Energy-Efcient Lighting.
P0426
Development of Optical Light Pipes for Ofce Spaces
College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
This paper presents the preliminary ndings of the daylighting performance of an
optical light pipe system placed in the ceiling plenum of a deep plan ofce space
(10 m6 m3 m). The south-facing light pipe system can efciently deliver day-
light at the back of the space; between 5 m to 10 m from window plane for locations
between latitudes 2450
NS under clear sky conditions. Two identical large scale

models (1:4) were used to assess the daylight performance of the light pipe over long-
term periods. Results showed that the light pipe can introduce adequate light levels
for visual tasks in ofce environments in climates with predominantly clear sky con-
ditions. Light levels of 3001, 500 lux can be achieved at the back of the space (24 ft
from window wall) for solar azimuths 60
East and West of true South (Northern

Hemisphere) or true North (Southern Hemisphere) under clear sky conditions.
Keywords: Daylighting, Light Pipe, Optical Systems, Deep Plan, Scale Models.
Abstracts 39
P0187
Satellite-Based Method to Predict Global Illuminance for Better
Department of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
A simple method is proposed to estimate global illuminance from the geostationary
satellite visible data under local climate condition, which could resolve the problem
of insufcient daylight data for daylight design, where the ground measurements
are not available. The data used in this model are global illuminance collected from
the International Daylight Monitoring Programme (IDMP) research class station in
The Chinese University of Hong Kong and the visible channel data of Geostationary
Operational Environmental Satellite 9 (GOES-9) from May 2003 to October 2004. This
model is to statistically relate the hourly global illuminance to the normalized hourly
cloud index derived from the satellite visible channel data. The performance of this
model is acceptable for daylight application with RMSE and MBE of 36.2% and 4.8%
in hourly global illuminance.
Keywords: Daylight, Illuminance, Satellite-Based Method, Sub-Tropical Region.
P0429
Visual Performance at Different Workstation Positions Under
Zuraini Denan
1
, Phil Jones
2
, Don Alexander
2
and Muhammad Hazi Hashim
3
1
Department of Architecture, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design,
International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2
Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
3
Design Resource Network (Consultants), Kuala Lumpur
In promoting maximum use of daylight in ofces in Malaysia, an investigation to
examine whether quality of daylight has an effect on peoples visual performance is
conducted. The paper presents a result of visual performance test under daylight con-
dition in an ofce in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A laboratory experiment was carried
out to test visual performance of 60 participants in a daylit ofce. The experiment ex-
amined the quality of daylight at three different orientations of workstations: back to
window, face window and window at the side. Daylight measurement and a visual
performance test (using Landolt Ring Test) is recorded and analyzed. The worksta-
tion with window at the side has less direct daylight effect however it has the poorest
score of the visual performance test.
Keywords: Visual Performance, Daylight, Landolt Ring Test.
40 Abstracts
Session 5A Comfort Models, Quantitative and Qualitative
Performance
SDE3, LT424
P0106
Empirical Evaluation of Outdoor Thermal Comfort Models
Department of Technology, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, University of Sao
Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Considering the thermal environment, open spaces require the consideration of ad-
ditional factors commonly not present in indoor conditions, such as solar radiation
and winds, different activities and signicant sweat rates, among others. The objec-
tive of this research is to evaluate different predictive models of outdoor thermal
comfort, considering different microclimatic conditions. A brief review of the state-
of-the-art of outdoor thermal comfort models is presented. A proposal of classica-
tion for the models and their respectively indexes is also considered. In order to per-
form the comparative studies, the method adopted is experimental inductive (eld
research of micro-climatic variables and subjective answers) and deductive (simula-
tion of predictive models). The eld research consists of 72 different microclimatic
scenarios and closely 2000 applied questionnaires. The simulations consider twenty
predictive models, which were computationally processed. The results of the simu-
lations were compared to the results of the empirical eld research. The nal results
allow the evaluation of the predictive models.
Keywords: Thermal Comfort, Outdoors, Predictive Models.
P0131
Outdoor Thermal Comfort for Hong Kong People: A
Longitudinal Study
Vicky Cheng
2
, Edward Ng
2
and Baruch Givoni
3
1
1Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
2
Department of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
3
Department of Architecture, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
Outdoor thermal sensation has been recognized as one of the major determinants
of outdoor comfort perception. Therefore, it is important to understand the thermal
Abstracts 41
perception of people in different climatic conditions in order to produce a conducive
thermal environment for outdoor activities. This paper presents the results of a lon-
gitudinal outdoor thermal comfort study conducted in Hong Kong. The ndings of
this study reveal that air temperature, wind speed and solar radiation intensity are
the most inuential factors in determining the thermal sensation of people. Based on
the collected data, a predictive formula for estimating the subjective outdoor thermal
sensation has been developed. In accordance to the formula, under typical summer
conditions in Hong Kong, a wind speed of 1.8 m/s will result in a neutral thermal
sensation for a person in light clothing sitting under shade.
Keywords: Outdoor thermal comfort, hot humid climate, longitudinal study.
P0282
Effects of Tree Canopies on Solar Radiation Filtration in a
Tropical Microclimatic Environment
Mohd Fairuz Shahidan
1
, Elias Salleh
2
and K. M. S. Mustafa
3
1
Landscape Architecture Department, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
2
Architecture Department, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
3
Landscape Architecture Department, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
In tropical climates, outdoor open spaces are highly exposed to solar radiation. This
inuences the outdoor energy budget, leading to consequential thermal effects on the
overall urban environment and the urban heat island. Tree canopies and vegetation
can play a signicant role in reducing the effects of heat in open outdoor spaces by
ltering the incoming solar radiation before it reaches the ground surface. This pa-
per discusses the comparative effectiveness of two types of tree namely, Mesua ferrea
L. and Hura crepitans L in ltering the direct solar radiation based on tree physical
characteristics. It comprises of two evaluation methods, namely (i) a eld measure-
ment programme using a net radiometer and other related instrumentations, and (ii)
a computer-based sun-shading analysis using Ecotect software. The results indicate
that on the average the heat ltration under the canopies of Mesua ferrea L. species
was found to be 93%, whilst that of Hura crepitans L. species was 79%. In terms of
canopy transmissivity, leaf index, shade area and tree height the comparative gures
are as follows: Mesua ferrea L. (5%, 6.1, and 35.1% and 6.72 m) and Hura crepitans L.
(22%, 1.5, 52.1% and 6.50 m). Hence, a difference of 14% ltration capability for differ-
ences of 17% canopy transmissivity value, 4.6 value of leaf area index, 17% of shade
area and 0.22 m. Finally, the study shows that leaf cover, branching and twigs as well
as structural form can signicantly inuence the intensity and quality of shade.
Keywords: Tree canopy, radiation ltration, tropical microclimate.
42 Abstracts
P0292
Microclimatic and Behavioural Diversities of Semi-Enclosed
Urban Precincts in the Tropics
Indrika Rajapaksha
Department of Architecture, University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
Tropical urbanization is a signicant current phenomenon. Escalating urban built
mass and its unplanned design variables aggravates urban heat island effects and
thus connes people into indoors. Majority of the open unsheltered urban spaces in
Sri Lanka are underutilized and thermally uncomfortable during the daytime. Since
outdoor comfort and human behaviors in tropical urban spaces are sparsely stud-
ied this paper discusses microclimatic variations and behavioral diversities of two
densely populated semi-enclosed urban precincts in the Colombo Business District
of Sri Lanka.
The studied precincts are historical land marks and their physical formrepresents
two types of semi-enclosed urban spaces. The Bo Tree precinct (BTP) is a religious
place consists of a Bo tree and a temple. The Kymans Gate Precinct (KGP) is a public
hall composes of colonnaded open verandas with tiled monitor roof.
The eld investigation in the hottest month reveal that the internal temperatures
of the semi-enclosed urban precincts were 3 to 5C lower than the ambient and op-
erate as thermal modiers during the daytime. There is a clear relationship between
thermal comfort variations and the behavioural prole within a precinct. Though
thermal comfort is a determinant factor for relaxed activities its negligible for more
dynamic behaviours. Thus these ndings give useful urban design guidelines to en-
hance the degree of liveliness in urban precincts of the tropical cities.
Keywords: Microclimate, human-behavior, semi-enclosed urban precinct, tropics.
Session 5B Materials and Greening
SDE3, LT426
P0191
VIP Integrated Fac ade Designs: The Advantage of Combining
High Thermal Performance with Limited Construction
Thickness
Martin Tenpierik
1
and Hans Cauberg
1,2
1
Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Abstracts 43
2
Cauberg-Huygen Consulting Engineers, Maastricht, The Netherlands
Although vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) have widely been used in refrigerators
and transport containers for several decades, application in architectural construc-
tions has only begun quite recently. Due to the state of vacuum, the ideal thermal
conductivity of a VIP is as low as approximately 0.004 W m
1
K
1
, which is a fac-
tor 5 to 10 less than that of conventional thermal insulators. As a consequence, vac-
uum insulation panels combine high thermal performance with limited construction
thickness. Over the last few years, some exemplar projects have been initiated pri-
marily in Switzerland and Germany. In these projects vacuum insulation panels are
mostly applied in a traditional manner, not fully exploiting the potential of these ma-
terials. The objective of this contribution therefore is to show how the properties of
VIPs can be exploited in actual building (component) designs. Based upon a brief
introduction into the properties of VIPs, in this contribution several already existing
VIP integrated facade designs are presented as cases of traditional VIP applications.
Using these cases, requirements will then be formulated for successful applications
which exploit the potential of VIPs as far as possible. Based upon these requirements
nally, some design examples will be presented which on the one hand thoroughly
consider the advantages and criticalities when applying VIP in building constructions
and on the other hand exploit the advantages as far as practically possible. These
design examples demonstrate the potential of VIPs for architectural constructions,
so that architects and engineers are able to design VIP integrated constructions by
themselves. With the proliferation and wide-spread application of VIPs in climate-
separating constructions, the energy consumption of buildings in their occupational
phase can be reduced drastically. In this respect, VIPs can thus contribute to a more
sustainable and healthy society.
Keywords: Energy Reduction, Space-Saving, Thermal Insulation, Vacuum Insulation
Panels, Design Examples.
P0314
Study on Healing Potential of Green Space in a Compact
University Campus by Means of a Vertical Greening Approach
Department of architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
Natural space is benecial for human mental health; this is conrmed by a large body
of research ndings. This benet has signicance for university staff and students
who are at a critical stage of development of their bodies and minds. First, this paper
reviews health-related design issues of natural space to understand major factors af-
fecting its health benets, highlighting studies of natural space as a healing garden
44 Abstracts
that effectively improves the psychological well being of children and youths. Given
the fact that university study is quite stressful for most college students, the ndings
could be instructional toward the planning of natural space in a green campus. Sec-
ond, the application of healing garden in a compact campus setting is explored, using
HKU Main campus as a case study in which the impact of use pattern of the green
spaces in a compact built setting on natural space design is examined. Finally, based
on the ndings, suggestions for improvement of both the existing HKU grounds and
the new centennial campus natural space are offered in an attempt to enhance health
benets and make the university a healthier environment for study and leisure.
Keywords: Natural spaces, mental health, healing gardens, vertical greening, compact
campus.
P0399
Passive Cooling of Buildings by the Application of Cool
Coatings
A. Synnefa
a
and M. Santamouris
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Department of Applied Physics,
Physics Department, Build. Physics 5, 15784, Athens, Greece.
E-mail:
a
asynnefa@phys.uoa.gr
Cool coatings are characterized by high solar reectance and high infrared emittance
values and their use as a technique to mitigate the heat island effect and decrease
the demand for air conditioning in buildings has gained a lot of interest. This pa-
per presents the experimental results regarding the thermal performance and optical
properties of a number of cool coatings developed and tested at NKUA. Furthermore
a simulation study was carried out in order to estimate the effect of the application
of cool coatings on building envelopes, on cooling energy loads and thermal com-
fort conditions in residential buildings in cooling dominated cities with emphasis
on tropical and subtropical climatic conditions. The calculations were performed by
means of thermal simulation software and with an hourly time step. It was found that
increasing the solar reectance reduces cooling and peak cooling demand in air con-
ditioned buildings and that the indoor thermal comfort conditions were improved
by decreasing the hours of discomfort and the maximum temperatures in non air-
conditioned residential buildings. The application of cool materials on buildings is a
simple and low-cost technique that enhances the energy efciency and sustainability
of buildings.
Keywords: Energy, comfort passive cooling, cool coatings, energy saving, thermal
comfort conditions.
Abstracts 45
P0353
Assessing the Shading Performance of Climbing Plant
Canopies
Centre for Sustainability of the Built Environment, School of the Environment, University
of Brighton, Cockcroft Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
There are many examples of integrating external climbing plants as shading devices
to glazed building facades. Apart from providing solar shading, plants can improve
the environmental quality such as noise reduction, better air quality and alleviat-
ing the urban heat island effect. In temperate climates such as the UK, deciduous
plants can be used to take the additional advantage of allowing benecial solar pen-
etration in the winter. There are very limited studies of the shading performance of
plant canopies mainly due to the difculties of measuring the dynamic growth be-
haviour of plants that inuence the solar transmission. The research reported in this
paper proposes methodologies and techniques to provide an assessment of the shad-
ing performance of a deciduous climbing plant canopy. The research involved the
development of the methodologies, the measurement of area coverage of different
leaf layers, the measurement of solar transmittances of leaf layers and the integration
of experimental results to establish the proposed shading coefcient. The experimen-
tal canopy, on which Virginia Creeper was planted, was setup at the University of
Brighton and monitored for two years. The research outcomes are reported and sig-
nicance of the results, potential applications and future work are discussed.
Keywords: Solar shading, climbing plant, vertical canopy, bioshader, bioshading
coefcient.
Session 5C Climate Responsive Architecture, Solar Architecture
SDE3, LT427
P0482
Thermal Optimisation of the Vertical Opaque Envelope:
Variable Insulation an Innovative Approach
Faculty of Architecture, Lisbon Technical University, Lisbon, Portugal
Variable Insulation is a new and different approach to thermal insulation applica-
ble to buildings. It can be dened as the ability of the thermal insulation (or building
46 Abstracts
element) to mechanically change its own thermal resistance without the need for an
external physical modication. The advantage of this is that the variable insulated
envelope will be able to act both as a solar collector in the winter and as an effective
night cooling system in the summer. Moreover, the building envelope will be able to
assume at all times an adequate thermal resistance to respond to external and inter-
nal changing thermal conditions. This study was undertaken using EnergyPlus soft-
ware [1], for the climatic conditions of Lisbon, Portugal, by means of changing the
external opaque walls composition. In addition to the Variable Insulation envelope
ve exterior wall construction alternatives commonly used in Portugal were studied.
Results demonstrate that the Variable Insulation envelope provides a much better
performance at all times than the static insulation alternatives regardless of the ex-
ternal weather conditions. Simulated energy heating and cooling annual loads were
reduced three to seven times using the proposed variable insulation concept and
schedule strategy in comparison to the static insulation approach.
Keywords: Envelope, Variable Insulation, Active Solar, Energy Efciency.
P0402
Determination of the Solar Absorptance of Opaque Surfaces
Kelen Dornelles
1
, Victor Roriz
2
and Maurcio Roriz
3
1,3
Department of Architecture and Civil Construction, State University of Campinas,
Campinas-SP, Brazil
2,3
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos-SP,
Brazil
Absorptances of building surfaces exposed to the sun have strong inuence on their
temperatures and, for consequence, on the users thermal comfort and the waste of
energy. In spite of the awareness of the importance of this property, the specialized
literature has not treated this question with the desirable rigour. Tables of colours
usually published about this subject are excessively vague, mentioning large inter-
vals of absorptances that poorly contribute to inform about the real behaviour of a
surface. Based on results of tests and theoretical analyses, it is discussed in this paper
the factors that determine the absorptances of opaque surfaces. Among these factors,
the main one is the absorptivity, which depends on the chemical substance properties
that constitutes the surface. Two other factors are caused by geometric characteristics
of the surface: the roughness that indicates irregularities in the millimetre scale, and
the undulation, usually in centimetre scale. The results showed that surface rough-
ness and undulation increase linearly its solar absorptance. Additionally, the paper
indicates the absorptance is changed through the time and this change can be re-
duced by periodical maintenance, which can restore from 90 to 100% the original
absorptance. Some solar absorptance data measured in laboratory for painted sur-
Abstracts 47
faces are presented in this paper to make public more precise and reliable data. These
measurements proved that colours are not reliable indicators of the amount of energy
that is absorbed by a surface.
Keywords: Solar Absorptance, Absorptivity, Roughness, Solar Energy.
P0344
A Tale of Two Hammams: Indoor Environmental Conditions in
Vienna, Austria
We present a systematic approach toward obtaining and analyzing long-term high-
resolutionthermal performance data fromtwo traditional hammambuildings in Cairo
(Egypt) and Ankara (Turkey). This approach involves collected data regarding lo-
cal climate, indoor conditions, construction methods, building materials, energy sys-
tems, ventilation regimes, and occupancy patterns. Subsequently, the data is analyzed
and interpreted with reference to the buildings salient design features. Furthermore,
a digital performance simulation model of one of the hammams is generated and
calibrated based on collected indoor climate data.
Keywords: Traditional Architecture, Hammams, Building Diagnostics, Performance
Simulation.
P0444
Application of Thermal Performance of Rammed Earth Wall on
Futoshi Miyaoka
1
, Yuichiro Kodama
2
, Chikako Hasui
3
, Kumiko Hatanaka
4
and
Koji Takemasa
5
1
Graduate School of Design Research, Kobe Design University, Kobe, Japan
2
Department of Environmental Design, Kobe Design University, Kobe, Japan
3
Kodama Laboratory, Kobe Design University, Kobe, Japan
4
Hatanaka Kumiko Design Ofce, Kobe, Japan
5
Department of Life Design/Information, Hiroshima Jogakuin University, Hiroshima,
Japan
In this paper, the possibility of the use of a rammed earth wall for passive design
under a temperate climate is discussed. The rst experimental house is built using
the conventional rammed earth wall construction method, and its poor thermal per-
formance is ascertained conducting onsite measurements. Two types of retrotting,
Summertime Model and Wintertime Model, are carried out after performing
48 Abstracts
various parametric studies with computer simulations. The thermal performance of
these models is discussed on the basis of the onsite measurements and computer
simulation analysis. By retrotting the models two times, the improvement in their
thermal performance exhibited their suitability for passive design. In conclusion, the
thermal performance of the rammed earth wall indicates the effectiveness of passive
design in satisfying Japanese climatic conditions. We expect that the methodology
using the models and measurements adopted in this paper would assist in further
advancement of research in this eld.
Keywords: Rammed Earth Wall, Thermal Mass, Passive Design, Temperate Climate.
Session 6A Comfort Models, Quantitative and Qualitative
Performance
SDE3, LT424
P0328
The Inuence of Albedo of Surfaces on Microclimatic
Modications. New Scenarios for Milano
Tiziana Poli
1
, Luca P. Gattoni
1
, Riccardo Arlunno
1
, Giorgio Pansa
1
and
Daniele Zappal ` a
2
1
Dipartimento BEST, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
2
OMD Osservatorio Meteorologico Milano Duomo, Milan, Italy
In low energy buildings design, climate conditions become an issue of primary im-
portance to dene the strategy and technical solutions. In mild climates, in which
both the summer and the winter period show critical aspects, it is important to fo-
cus the attention on sustainability in order to decrease energy demand and guarantee
thermal comfort. An issue which is only marginally taken into account in building
design is the effect that possibly occurred on the microclimatic modications. Mor-
phology, management of the relation between absorbing, emitting and evaporating
surfaces and a careful study of building surfaces could dene different boundary
conditions for project and planning. If on one hand there is an increasing interest in
reective surfaces to save energy during the summer period, on the other hand it is
not uncommon to face the problem of microclimatic modications and the effect that
urban transformation causes on urban heat island (constructing large areas, replac-
ing built areas with parks, changing in construction technologies, changing albedos
surfaces). The aim of this study is to nd the impact of natural building envelopes on
Abstracts 49
the urban microclimatic changes in order to evaluate different scenarios in a city like
Milano. The investigations were implemented in 2 phases: the rst one is focused on
the analysis of green urban skins technologies and properties. In the second part
a short description of the new scenarios is made, pointing out in qualitative terms,
the effects of transformation in order to guarantee a reduction of energy demand in
summer period.
The results of energy balance modelling for today situation and tomorrow sce-
narios of the city are presented in the last part. Modelling will be done starting from
a series of already developed and tested calculation codes currently in use for the
assessments of the urban energy balance.
Keywords: Urban Heat Island Effect, Green envelope, Energy savings.
P0266
Interpreting Fangers Comfort Equation within the Adaptive
Paradigm
Dirk A. Schwede
School of Architecture and Building, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
This paper reviews the evolution of Fangers heat balance equation in regard of
adaptive opportunities. Heat balance and adaptive response are integrated into one
model as two fundamental aspects of human-environment interaction that dene
thermal comfort perception, rather than being seen as two concepts of alternative
comfort paradigms. The paper suggests to extent Fangers model with a heat stor-
age term in order to account for comfort perception under transient thermal condi-
tions, and to review Fangers modelling assumptions in order to allow for a greater
variety of adaptive response options. In the presented model heat exchange is modu-
lated through adaptation of physiological, environmental and behavioural param-
eters in the human-environment system dened through Fangers heat exchange
equations. A computational prototype is implemented to determine comfortable
values and ranges of the six comfort dimensions alternatively to Fangers comfort
indices. Thereby values of for example comfortable clothing and metabolic rate are
results rather than necessary input parameters, which are difcult to determine. This
approach allows generating design advice for physical, organisational and social en-
vironments based on heat balance calculation in the six-dimensional opportunity
space dened through Fangers comfort equation. A starting point for the develop-
ment of a dynamic adaptive comfort model is set.
Keywords: Heat Balance, Adaptive Comfort, Comfort Equation, Adaptive
Opportunity.
50 Abstracts
P0146
Simulating Human Thermal Comfort and Resulting Usage
Patterns of Urban Open Spaces with a Multi-Agent System
Michael Bruse
Institute for Geography, Environmental Modelling Group, University of Mainz, Germany
Attractive public open spaces can serve as key design elements for enhancing life
quality in urban areas and to diminish the negative effects of urbanisation. In order to
full this task, open spaces must meet the expectation of potential users and offer the
right mix of environmental, economic and social conditions. It is well known that the
local microclimate belongs to the main factors driving the individual perception and
assessment of an outdoor environment. In order to simulate the thermal comfort of
pedestrians in urban open spaces, the method of Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) is used.
In which each agent represents a virtual pedestrian with individual physiological
properties and different routes through the model environment.
While walking through the domain, these agents are virtually exposed to differ-
ent climate conditions. The impact of these climate environments on the individual
thermal comfort are simulated using a dynamic model of the human thermoregula-
tory system. Depending on their individual thermal comfort level, the agents can ad-
just their routing decisions and also consider using optional facilities such as benches
or restaurant chairs. Using the simulation results from a few thousand virtual pedes-
trians, it is then possible to generate different kinds of comfort or frequentation maps
not only representing the local microclimate conditions, but also considering the
space-time links that establish through pedestrian motion and individual decisions.
Keywords: Thermal Comfort, Urban Open Spaces, Urban Microclimate, Multi-Agent
Simulation.
P0561
Design Features Evolved in a Vernacular House under Hot and
Ken-Ichi Kimura
International Research Institute on Human Environment, Tokorozawa, Japan,
Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
Design features evolved as seen in vernacular houses with thatched roof in hot and
humid climate are described taking an example with measured results of indoor en-
vironment. Hakogi house built 600 years ago with a large and steep thatched roof and
very small entrance was inherited from the ancient house style. The detached house
built 300 years ago with a thatched roof had an elevated oor with open space cor-
ridor around the room of straw mat oor. The measured results in summer showed
Abstracts 51
that the inside air temperature of the main house was about 23
Clower than outside

and earthen oor surface temperature further 2
C lower than room air, while natural

ventilative cooling was effective in the detached house. The difference in the quality
of indoor environment between the two blocks is associated with the evolution in
design features in those eras.
Keywords: Vernacular House, Indoor Environment, Thatched Roof, Hot-Humid
Climate.
SDE3, LT426
P0190
Practical Studies of Ecological Architecture for Chinas Loess
Plateau Region
Department of Architecture, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR,
China
Under the poor conditions of Chinas Loess Plateau region, the feasibility limited by
budget and conventional resources for construction is the main challenge faced by
ecologically design for local buildings. Aiming to explore a way towards ecologi-
cal architecture which is suitable for this region, previous study [1] pointed out, by
employing the methodology combining condition analyses and computer simulating
experiments, that for most types of buildings in the Loess Plateau region, thermal
mass and insulation based on local traditional earth and natural materials are the
most effective and economical ways to improve the building performance. In order
to verify this deduction and further optimize these techniques and thermal design
strategies with higher feasibility for local practical constructions, as a prototype, a
group of classrooms, which were eventually turned into a primary school, were de-
signed and just built by the local villagers in Maosi village, which is within a repre-
sentative region of Loess Plateau. Thermal mass and insulation are mainly focused
on ecologically thermal design by selectively employing local traditional techniques
based on available natural and earth materials, which are examined and optimized
by pre-simulation and eld test with the aim of realizing the most ecologically and
economically effective approaches. According to eld measurement and analyses, it
is found that with similar construction cost the classrooms can contribute a far better
52 Abstracts
ecological performance to indoor thermal comfort, energy consumption and envi-
ronmental impact than local conventional buildings. This prototype study illustrates
to the locals a feasible way for local current conditions, in which by selectively em-
ploying their familiar techniques and materials they can build by themselves using
affordable and the most effectively ecological approaches.
Keywords: Ecological architecture, thermal design, experimental simulation, primary
school, Chinas Loess Plateau.
P0475
A Comparative Study of the Efciency in Reducing Heat Gain
Aluminium Foil
Pantuda Puthipiroj
Faculty of Architecture, Silpakorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
The objective of this researchis to compare the efciency in reducing heat gain through
roof between using attic ventilation and using aluminum foil in the sealed attic. The
experiments were conducted in two adjacent rowhouses in Bangkok. Two test rooms,
20 m
2
. each, were located on the top oor of three-storey row houses. The ratio of the
vented area of the soft to the ceiling area of the top oor is 1:25. The test showed
that the attic ventilation did not efciently reduce heat gain through roof. Using alu-
minum foil, placing the reective side downwards parallel to the roof slope can re-
duce heat gain better than the current attic ventilation system. During the daytime,
indoor room temperature with aluminum foil in the sealed attic decreased by 2
C,
the ceiling surface temperature by 4
C, and energy consumption for air-conditioning

set at 25
C, energy was reduced by 50% lower than the attic ventilation system.
Keywords: Attic ventilation, aluminum foil, roof, sealed attic.
P0134
The Impact of PLEA Are We Making a Difference; Have We
Done Enough?
School of Architecture, Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
The PLEA organisation has now held 23 annual international conferences. What has
been the global impact of those conferences in terms of carbon dioxide emissions?
Delegates mostly travel by air to conferences, meaning that the travel-related emis-
sions may be quite high (Vale and Vale, 1998). Mitigation and offsetting schemes for
carbon are now available, but are often based on tree planting (see, for example, New
Abstracts 53
Zealands CarbonZero programme Ebex21, 2007 and CarboNZero, 2007) PLEA
members have a focus on the built environment, so it would be appropriate if their
carbon offsetting were to be achieved through better design of the built environment.
The paper will attempt to make some sort of quantication of the emissions associ-
ated with a PLEA conference, and will then relate that calculation to the amount of
annual energy saving in the built environment that PLEA members would need to
have brought about to show an overall environmental benet. This research is in part
intended as an exploration of the relative impact of buildings on the environment
compared with that of other activities that are not directly associated with buildings,
as some existing studies suggest that buildings may not be as large a problemas other
parts of human activity (James and Desai, 2003).
Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Offsetting; Carbon Reduction.
P0183
The Cooling Effects of Evaporative Cooling Systems in Various
Urban Districts
1 Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of
Technology, G5-2-4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8502, Japan
This study presents a numerical analysis to evaluate the thermal comfort improving
and urban heat island mitigating effects of the following evaporative cooling strate-
gies: (1) use a water-holding pavement, (2) sprinkle water on the walls and roofs
coated with super-hydrophilic photocatalyst. As a case study, four urban districts
with different land use in downtown Tokyo were selected for analysis. Simulations
were carried out using a 3D-CAD compatible thermal simulation tool developed by
the authors group. The cooling effects of the two strategies were quantied in terms
of the surface temperature reduction and mean radiant temperature (MRT) and heat
island potential (HIP) by comparing the simulated results to the cases without the
application of these strategies and with a utilization of high reectance materials on
the pavement and building surfaces. As a result, it was found that the surface temper-
ature reduction is inuenced by spatial congurations (shaded surface distribution,
etc) and types of surface materials in the applied spaces. Furthermore, the mitigating
effect on the HIP is different from land covers and building types. An effective reduc-
tion of the HIP for the nighttime can be realized by applying the cooling strategies.
Keywords: Evaporative cooling, built urban environment, surface temperature,
simulation.
54 Abstracts
Policies
SDE3, LT427
P0246
KlimaHaus CasaClima A Regional Energy Certication
System Stimulates Low Energy Architecture
Yan Schmitt
1
, Alexandra Troi
1
, Georg Pichler
2
and Wolfram Sparber
1
1
Institute for Renewable Energy, EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy
2
Department for air and noise of the Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
This paper presents a success story in the eld of low energy buildings in Europe. In
2002 the Autonomous Province of South Tyrol introduced a energy certication sys-
tem for buildings. As a result, the share of low energy buildings considerably grew.
This paper rst describes the Klimahaus Casaclima project itself and the factors for
its success. Then the development of certied buildings in general is shown and in
detail the one of passive house technology, where the project had a particular strong
impact. Finally the results of a survey on owners of certied buildings about Klima-
Haus CasaClima conducted last year by the Eco Institute are discussed.
Keywords: Energy Certicate, Regional Policy, EPBD, Passive Houses.
P0268
The Implementation Decit of Sustainable Construction in
Flanders, Belgium. Estimation and Proposals for Enhanced
Strategies
Department of Architecture, Urbanism and Planning, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
Within a European perspective, Belgium is not at the spearhead of sustainable con-
struction. The country struggles with a building tradition that creates an energy and
space-consuming built environment, in particular in the region of Flanders.
Weak spatial planning has lead to excessive sprawl for decades. This tendency is
not yet contained, and pressure from the market towards continued greeneld devel-
opment is strong.
Strategic urban projects are in an experimental phase, but rarely focus on techni-
cal sustainability.
Abstracts 55
The existing building stock is known to have a poor thermal insulation quality.
New regulations such as the energy performance legislation (a translation of Euro-
pean law) still dont impose a severe standard for new build and renovation.
As a consequence, upgrading the built environment to sustainable standards is a
particularly difcult exercise.
Although there has emerged a debate on this issue, policies dont yet fully ac-
count of the interdisciplinary character of the needed solutions.
Ongoing research estimates the actual implementation decit, i.e. the distance
between what could or should be done for achieving a sustainable built environment,
and what is currently being done. Some hypotheses are formulated. Further research
will focus on the bottlenecks of a transition process towards deep sustainability.
Keywords: Sustainable Construction, Policies, Energy, Implementation Decit, Strate-
gic Urban Project.
P0374
Solar & Aeolic Environmental Control of the Built Environment
Case of Study: Urban Housing Developments, Maracaibo
(Venezuela)
Institute of Investigation, Faculty of Architecture & Design, University of Zulia,
The paper presents the results of an investigation on environmental variables that
impact the space -between buildings- in urban housing developments, in Maracaibo
(Venezuela). The methodology was structured in three phases: (1.) Theoretical frame-
work and study case selection; (2.) Identication of the environmental variables that
impact the built environment -in a hot and humid climate- and, (3.) Analysis-evaluation
of environmental conditions through variables interaction climate, urban mor-
phology users activities and perceptions. The resulting values were compared
with the Local Comfort Model and the municipal ordinances to determine the com-
fort levels. Different instruments were applied in the investigation: observation, reg-
istration and measurement of temperature, humidity, ventilation and vegetation as
well as users and residents interviews. The results demonstrate high levels of ther-
mal affectation in the studied space -beyond the comfort band. Establishing solar and
aeolic control strategies to regulate the urban environment and overcome its deterio-
ration are stated as conclusions.
Keywords: Environmental Quality, Solar-Aeolic Environmental Control, Urban Hous-
ing Developments and Morphology.
56 Abstracts
P0446
Reviewing Benchmarking Approaches for Building
Environmental Assessment Tools (BEA)- Rigour Versus
Practicality
Richard Hyde
3
, Deo Prasad
2
, John Blair
2
, Richard Moore
1
, Lydia Kavanagh
3
,
Melinda Watt
4
and Karin Schianetz
3
1
University of Sydney, Australia
2
University of New South Wales, Australia
3
University of Queensland, Australia
4
Earthcheck, Ltd., Australia
Steering a pathway to sustainability is a complex process hence in recent years a vari-
ety of building assessment tools have evolved to assist building design professionals.
At the heart of these tools is a benchmarking approach, which assists with setting
environmental standards. However, benchmarking can turn out to be quite problem-
atic. There are many routes to establishing benchmarks. Examples are obtaining data
by representative surveys (time consuming and costly with difculties raised by data
condentiality); acquiring data by proxy; using a limited number of case studies to
establish baselines and best practice; using algorithms; deciding what range of en-
vironmental (and other) dimensions to be covered; how data might be transformed
into usable material for comparison against a standard; and the over-arching issue of
weighting, all raise signicant methodological questions. Essentially, benchmarking
is still a weak science. The paper considers these issues and suggests some rst steps
for a less arbitrary and more robust benchmarking process.
Keywords: Green Design, Benchmarking Methodology, Environmental Standards.
Session 7A Daylighting and Ventilation
SDE3, LT424
P0442
The Role of Daylighting Design in a Healing Environment of
Public Hospitals in Malaysia: A Survey
Srazali Aripin
School of Geography, Planning & Architecture, University of Queensland, St. Lucia,
Brisbane, Australia.
E-mail: s4102134@student.edu.uq.au or srazali88@yahoo.com
The Malaysian experience suggests that the development of public hospitals has been
Abstracts 57
increasing in numbers since independence and one-off hospital design has been im-
plemented in most levels of healthcare services. This has been regarded to meet with
the Vision for Health of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia (MoH) and to provide the
public with a better access to healthcare services.
This paper critically reviews the role of physical aspects (i.e. daylighting) in hos-
pital design. At the outset, a study of hospital design is presented to examine the
physical conditions of healing environment such as appropriate daylighting design,
access to outside view, windowdesign, etc. . . and further investigation will be carried
out to nd its effect on the general well being of patients and medical staff. Three ex-
isting Malaysian public hospitals design will be investigated and the key ndings on
the existing physical aspects will be highlighted. The paper calls for a comprehensive
critical review of the physical aspects, in particular daylighting design, in creating a
healing environment physically and psychologically appropriate in hospital design.
Keywords: Daylighting, Healing Environment, Hospital, Lighting.
P0234
The Use of Anidolic Lighting System in Improving Daylight
Stephen S. Y. Lau
1
, Baharuddin
1
and Stephen K. Wittkopf
2
1
Department of Architecture, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
2
Department of Architecture, National University of Singapore, Singapore
This paper describes the application of advanced daylighting systemto improve day-
light illuminance of residential units in Hong Kong as one of the most dense cities.
In the high-dense environments, residential units that located at lower oor level are
very difcult to get daylight because most parts of the sky are blocked by surround-
ing buildings. The only daylight available is coming from the zenith parts of the sky
and reected from surrounding buildings. Light coming from the zenith has very
little contribution to the illuminance of room that only depend on side opening. In
order to make use of this light, light redirecting device should be used. There are
some light redirecting devices available; however, most of them only work well for
direct light. Because Hong Kong condition dominated by overcast sky and most of
light is diffuse light. The system selected shall be able to works well for diffuse light.
One of these systems is anidolic lighting device. This device collects light from the
zenith and redirects it to the rooms by using parabolic concentrator. The results show
that a signicant improvement of daylight illuminance can be achieved at lower oor
level. There were improvement of 63.6% and 12.1% of DF and DA, respectively, by
using the anidolic (Case 2) at the working plane of 80 cm. Case 2 also performed well
in the vertical illuminance evaluation, by improving the brightness of the wall in the
rear parts. Therefore, using anidolic daylighting system would improve the daylight
58 Abstracts
performance of lower oor of the high-rise residential buildings in high-dense sit-
uation. This system can be applied for the refurbishment of the existing residential
buildings that experience very low daylight illuminance as well as new buildings.
Keywords: Anidolic Lighting System, Light Redirecting, High-Rise Buildings, High-
Dense Urban Areas.
P0245
The Inuence of Building Geometry on the Physical Urban
Climate: A Revival of Light, Air and Space
Marjolein van Esch
1,2
, Truus de Bruin-Hordijk
1
and Kees Duijvestein
2
1
Climate Design Group, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
2
Sustainable Solutions for the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft,
The Netherlands
The study presented in this paper is part of a PhD research titled Comfortable and
Healthy Urban Environments. This PhD research aims at gaining insight into the re-
lationship between building densities, building patterns, building types on the one
hand and the main aspects of the physical urban climate on the other hand: penetra-
tion of daylight, solar irradiation of facades and outdoor spaces, wind, air tempera-
ture, air quality and (trafc) noise. The research focuses on the rst stages of urban
design since the decisions regarding urban geometry in those early stages are of great
inuence on the urban climate in the nal design. The urban tissue is therefore re-
duced to its basic geometries. In this way the conditions for the outdoor climate as
well as the base conditions for the indoor climate (at the position of the facade) can
be studied.
This paper reports on studies into daylight and wind comfort aspects. The re-
search shows that building densities have quite an inuence on daylight access and
the wind climate within the street. Within a xed density the choice of building type
also has a signicant inuence.
Keywords: Urban Climate, Urban Geometry, Daylight, Wind.
P0450
Preferential Sky Window: A New Parameter to Correlate Sky
Fernando Oscar Ruttkay Pereira
1
, Solange Maria Leder
2
and Anderson Claro
1
1
LabCon Laboratory of Environmental Comfort, PPGEC & P osARQ, Federal
University of Santa Catarina, Florian opolis/SC, Brazil
2
Educacional Society de Santa Catarina, Instituto Superior Tupy, Joinville, Brazil
Indoor daylighting is inuenced by sky obstruction. Considering this premise, the
Abstracts 59
urban legislation imposes limits of land use to provide and protect rights to daylight
and solar access. These limits of occupation are normally expressed as maximum an-
gles of sky obstruction. However, only the denition of angles for limiting building
height constitutes a simple criterion, since it does not consider urban variables such
as gaps between the buildings, height building differences and the daylight contribu-
tion from different patches of the sky hemisphere. This study deals with the proposal
of a daylight accessibility control parameter in the urban environment. The character-
ization of this parameter takes into account three aspects: (I) analysis of the relative
contribution of different sky hemisphere patches, (II) analysis of the light incidence
angle, and (III) analysis of the sky vision by indoor environment. Daylighting was
simulated through computational method. The parameter preferential sky window
was proposed to be used correlating the sky obstruction on the facade and the day-
light interior performance. Methodology and preliminary results are described in this
paper.
Keywords: Daylight, Sunlight, Urban Sustainability.
Session 7B Architectural Education for Sustainable Design
SDE3, LT426
P0330
Aiding Student Understanding of Building Environments: The
Adrian Pitts
Shefeld Hallam University, Shefeld, UK
This paper describes the development and use of a novel educational kit to aid mas-
ters level students in their understanding of the environment in and around build-
ings. The kit consists of a lightweight laptop computer together with a hypertext
guide developed specically for the project. The computer also has preloaded addi-
tional software and other tools. The toolkit contains an array of hand-held measure-
ment devices suitable for deriving information on air temperature, radiant tempera-
ture, air movement, humidity, lighting levels, and noise levels. It also includes devices
60 Abstracts
and information suitable for site analysis in relation to solar inuences such as posi-
tion and impact of nearby buildings and other obstructions. The kit has been tested
and assessed with groups of students. A commentary for optimising use is provided.
Keywords: Environment, Comfort, Energy, Teaching, Toolkit.
P0483
Self-Directing Learning Getting Students to Learn
Effectively About Smart and Bioclimatic Design
The Netherlands
In the academic environment there is a growing demand for education on sustain-
able climate design of buildings, an expertise that integrates the basic knowledge of
building physics and building services into the area of architectural design, with a fo-
cus on sustainable solutions for energy en comfort. At the Faculty of Architecture of
Delft University of Technology, an elective course enabled this combination of exper-
tises. In this course the subject called Smart & Bioclimatic Design (SBCD) combines
the study of sustainable principles of climate design and the translation of this to a
practical designers manual. It involves a singular approach to education, for which
lectures are combined with workshops, personal study and frequent tutoring. The
self-directing learning process has led to excellent manuals, good presentation skills
and better comprehension of the matter than previous education had accomplished.
The paper will discuss the organisation and outcome of the subject, exemplied
by student manuals.
Keywords: Smart and Bioclimatic Design, Sustainable Climate Design, Education, De-
signers Manual.
P0368
Laboratory Didactical Tools for Architectural Design Students
in Tropical and Subtropical Conditions
Universidad Aut onoma Metropolitana, Mexico City, Mexico
The LAB or Laboratory of Bioclimatic Architecture is an academic space that started
17 years ago at the Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana (UAM) in Mexico City.
Its main goal is to develop tools that are suitable to Mexicos climatic, economic,
constructive and social conditions. Another important feature is that it is focused
simultaneously as a research and teaching facility. For that reason a large number of
Abstracts 61
undergraduate students use it for regular classes as well as a limited number of grad-
uate students use it for practice and research.
Our strategy has been to work with Passive Design using physical and digital
models. However, there has been an emphasis in scale models due to their pedagog-
ical value and the versatility to evaluate them visually and numerically. The LAB has
been used also to review professional projects, specially those with a limited budget
but social impact.
Keywords: Laboratory, Heliodon, Articial Sky, Wind Tunnel.
P0221
Reality bites About the Balancing Process Between
Disciplines in the Architectural Planning Process
Heide G. Schuster
1
and Sigrid Dany
2
1
WSGreenTechnologies GmbH, Albstrasse 14, 70597 Stuttgart, Germany
2
University of Dortmund, Center for Research on Higher Education and Faculty
Development, 44221 Dortmund
The built environment underlays multiple criteria which have to be taken into ac-
count in the building process. Most of the teaching methods, especially in architec-
ture, still support the idea of artists in between groups of framework giving engi-
neers. The optimisation, the co-operation within a multi-disciplinary team and the
skills in communication and presentation seldom are taught. To full the require-
ments in the building sector nowadays exactly these skills are necessary to succeed in
economical, ecological and architectural tasks. Therefore a new teaching method has
been developed and established at the University of Dortmund training the future
architects and engineers in real-life interdisciplinary design and investor teams.
Keywords: Teaching methods, Building process, Optimisation, Sustainability, Presen-
tation skills, Higher Education, Student Focused Teaching, Communication Skills,
Collaboration, Evaluation, Interaction, Individual and Collective Student Learning
Process, Innovative Teaching Project, Course Evaluation, Teaching architecture and
engineering.
62 Abstracts
Session 7C User-Building-Interaction and Post Occupancy
Evaluation
SDE3, LT427
P0505
Comparative Evaluation of Sustainability in the Buildings
Adapted to New Uses and Their Interaction with the Users and
the Environment
Faculty of Architecture, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran
Converting buildings to keep them responsive to new uses to meet demands offered
by changes in circumstances and situations, has been an issue throughout the archi-
tectural history [1]. Nowadays, adaptive reuse can be argued as an effective way to
attain sustainability in the broadest sense, including cultural and ecological aspects
and a very complimented strategy in restoration and conservation of buildings of
historical, cultural and social value. Regarding the benets of the practice, in case
of adaptive reuse, evaluation of user-building-interactions and the new occupancy
considering the new users as new uses are introduced are inevitably important.
This paper is to evaluate the efciency of buildings adapted to be reused in new
applications with a comparative look at their interactivity to the environmental con-
text. Focus of this study is on the buildings of Tabriz Islamic Art University -where
the buildings have been converted from former residential use to integrated educa-
tional space- as case study for the investigation by means of eld survey and com-
parative study. These buildings comprise almost all major characteristics of the tradi-
tional houses in Tabriz in which a great attention was given to interactive and climatic
design as a response to severe climate.
Keywords: Energy efciency-sustainability-adaptive reuse.
P0247
Longitudinal Evaluation of Affordable Housing in Scotland:
Lessons for Low Energy Features
Fionn Stevenson
1
and Nick Williams
2
1
Oxford Institute of Sustainable Development, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford,
England
Abstracts 63
2
Housing Consultant, Aberdeen, Scotland
This paper investigates a two stage survey of 23 demonstration projects, funded by
the government housing agency for Scotland. Thirteen of the projects were revisited
after a period of seven years to provide an in-depth longitudinal study of key low
energy features over different lengths of time as experienced by tenants, develop-
ment ofcers and housing managers. A combination of site visits, interviews, obser-
vational studies and technical analysis was used to draw out key lessons in relation
to particular features adopted in order to improve sustainability and future design.
Four independent post occupancy evaluations were further cross-examinedand their
differing methods are discussed in terms of their effectiveness.
The results show that lack of future-proong, poor procurement and mainte-
nance procedures, as well as tenant responses, have led to many of the features un-
derperforming or even being replaced wholesale. The more passive features would
appear to offer better value to social housing providers than others which are tech-
nically more complex to manage. The use of solar sunspaces in social housing is also
questioned. This paper also identies particular procurement and management chal-
lenges and solutions in relation to the feedback required for lowenergy features to be
successfully mainstreamed in housing.
Keywords: Housing, Post-Occupancy Evaluation, Low Energy.
P0236
Lifestyle as a Key Determinant of the Home Environment
Mackintosh School of Architecture, The Glasgow School of Art, University of Glasgow,
Glasgow, United Kingdom
This paper examines lifestyle as a signicant determinant of the home environment
for social housing tenants in Glasgow, Scotland (UK). Changing lifestyle or behaviour
by occupants has relevance for housing conditions, where situations of condensa-
tion and dampness, fuel poverty, and poor air quality continue to occur. For exam-
ple, raised levels of condensation and energy consumption occur with the increased
ownership and improper use of tumble dryers. Other problems include keeping ther-
mostats high to maintain warmth indoors in the winter while simultaneously open-
ing the windows and drying clothes inside the house; or conversely, the resistance
to open windows due to the lack of security, hence causing a deciency in ventila-
tion and poor air quality. A series of satisfaction surveys, observational studies, inter-
views, and tenant diaries have illuminated causal relationships in the home environ-
ment in four targeted areas in Glasgow. Aseries of spot and durational measurements
were recorded for room temperatures, RH, and CO
2
to assess the indoor home envi-
ronment. Case studies comprised a range of traditional and non-traditional, low and
64 Abstracts
high rise housing systems. Results indicate difculty in achieving both energy ef-
ciency and freedom from condensation, although good conditions in terms of tem-
perature and humidity are mainly achieved.
Keywords: Social Housing, Indoor Environment, User-Response, Well-Being.
P0248
The Value of Architectural Inuences to the Ofce Environment
on Occupant Activity and Health
Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
This paper, based on rst pilot studies, raises issues and investigates howofce build-
ings may be designed to inuence workers activity as part of the daily ofce rou-
tine. It has been historically proved that the ofce design preconception is to reduce
movement in workspaces in the benet of productivity and organisational success.
The present work seeks to identify ofce practices that could stimulate movement
within ofce buildings. This goes against the grain of current thinking regarding the
ofce layout especially in the matter of the IT integration, which prioritises the min-
imization of workers activity as a condition of their increased productivity. Based
on preliminary research methods, this study presents a considerable variance in ac-
tivity levels within the worksite. The architectural implications of this are based on
the consideration that if the less active group became as active as the active group, a
signicant improvement in health and tness would result.
Keywords: Occupant, ofce, activity, health.
P0469
An Empirical Approach to the Evaluation of Living
Environments for the Elderly
Vienna, Austria
This paper deals primarily with the relationship between relevant architectural, envi-
ronmental, and organizational features of the 19 homes for the elderly (HE) in Austria
and their perception by occupants and experts. Thereby, two sets of criteria were con-
sidered: (i) The objective HE criteria (architecture, indoor climate, organization); (ii)
The subjective HE criteria as perceived by occupants and staff (security, comfort,
satisfaction). The central aim of the research is to examine if certain design features
(including amenities) of HEs can positively affect occupants subjective evaluation.
Abstracts 65
Thereby, the relationship between a number of measurable features of HEs and their
perception by the occupants are explored.
Keywords: Elderly, Living Environments, Indoor Climate.
Session 8A Daylighting and Ventilation
SDE3, LT424
P0389
Lessons from Three Daylighting Systems Used in Traditional
College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, College Station Texas, 77843, USA
This paper presents the results of an evaluation of three daylighting systems used
in the indigenous architecture of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), located in Dubai
(latitude 25
N longitude 55
E). The purpose of this research was to investigate the

daylighting performance of three of the most common daylighting systems found in
indigenous buildings of the UAE: Type I-Traditional double panel windows, Dree-
shah; Type II-Gypsum decorative panels, Mesbah; and Type III-Wind tower, Barjeel.
The lighting performance parameters examined were illuminance level, light distri-
bution, uniformity and glare. These parameters were compared to the recommended
light levels specied in IESNA and CIBSE standards. The RADIANCE program was
used to evaluate the lighting performance of the three daylighting systems under
clear sky conditions. On-site measurements were also conducted to validate the light-
ing performance generated by the simulations. The prototypes tested in this research
showed different outcomes. From the results, the overall lighting performance of the
gypsum decorative panel prototype outperforms the other prototypes under clear
sky conditions. These prototypes carry an aesthetic and identity value to the cul-
ture of the UAE. Through the use of the derived values and conclusions, local public
awareness can be increased on the importance of preserving indigenous buildings
and the numerous lessons that can be learned from their study.
Keywords: Daylight, Windows, Indigenous Buildings, UAE, RADIANCE.
66 Abstracts
P0532
The Poetics of Sacred Light An Investigation of the Luminous
Benson Lau
School of the Built Environment, Nottingham University, United Kingdom
In Le Corbusiers buildings, light, sound, colour, rhythm and space are the key el-
ements which introduce occupants to a sense of inner harmony resulting from a
state of spiritual transformation. This spiritual transformation can be most vividly
experienced in the Monastery of La Tourette. The aim of this paper is to investigate
the luminous environment of La Tourette through qualitative analysis. Much can be
learned by studying the masters buildings which were built with daylight as the
primary light source. Detailed analysis of the masters work would provide valuable
insights and data which can be applied to the more routine design of the luminous
environment.
Keywords: Poetry, architecture, daylight.
P0381
Development of a Daylighting Teaching Methodology Based on
a Conceptual Model of Reference
Raphaela W. Fonseca
Labcon Laboratory of Environment Comfort, P osARQ, Federal University of Santa
Catarina, Florian opolis, Brazil
It can be noticed in the current architecture a lack of projects which contemplate the
benets of daylight in an efcient way. There is evidence that this might occur due to
the fact that professionals need to improve their understanding and knowledge of the
illumination phenomenon. The present work aims at contributing for the reduction
of such inadequacy in the architect formation. This proposal materializes through the
development of a teaching methodology of daylighting based on a conceptual model
of reference that presents the illumination phenomenon through a conceptual scheme
involving the main architectural variables that interfere in the light propagation from
the source to the target. In order to put these concepts into practice an experimen-
tal device was developed so as to enable the professor to demonstrate the model.
Through some experiments could be noticed that this method could be adapted with
greater results using virtual tools. Then, a virtual laboratory was developed, that fa-
vors the visualization of the phenomenon through the adopted method. The objective
is to make possible the experimentation of basic concepts of the illumination as the
Abstracts 67
co-sine effect and apparent size and, consequently, to exercise the perception of the
pupil in relation to the cause and effect of the phenomenon of a visual form.
Keywords: Daylighting, Conceptual Model of Reference, Teaching Methodology.
P0198
A Simplied Method to Evaluate the Daylight and Energy
College of Architecture, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA
In the design of green buildings, there is an increasing requirement to be certied by
the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) green building rating
system. LEED is the most widely used green building certication system in the U.S.
This research provides a simplied method that would assist the user to evaluate
building performance and obtain more credits in the LEED 2.2 green building rat-
ing systems. The simulation analysis work was performed for a cooling-dominated
location (Houston) and a heating dominated location (Chicago) in the U.S., using RA-
DIANCE and eQUEST. The main results include fenestration criteria to meet daylight
requirement and energy performance. These results provide the optimal fenestration
criteria for architects and designers with regard to the selection of the U-factor, solar
heat gain coefcient (SHGC), visible transmittance (VT) and window-to-wall ratio
(WWR).
Keywords: LEED, RADIANCE, eQUEST, energy, daylight, U-factor, SHGC, VT, WWR.
Session 8B Architectural Education for Sustainable Design
SDE3, LT426
P0507
A Quantied Design Process to Congure Envelope Design for
a High Rise Building
Norhati Ibrahim
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
The importance of the early design stage has often been highlighted. Many noted that
changes and improvements in the design process are relatively easy to make at the
68 Abstracts
beginning of the process, but become increasingly difcult and disruptive if carried
out at later stages. The amount of information made available to a designer at the
early design stage in many ways contributes to the quality of the design produced.
This paper illustrates the use of quantied-based design tools to assess and cong-
ure a wall envelope component for a high rise building, so as to provide a more in-
formed design route. The exercise is a design project conducted at the Department of
Architecture, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. At the schematic design stage,
the building form and envelope conguration options were reviewed using several
tools of analysis that include simplied design tools, spreadsheet and sophisticated
computer simulation software. This exercise serves to demonstrate an environmental
conscious design procedure to architecture students.
Keywords: Envelope Design, Quantied Design Process.
P0133
The Effect of Including Sustainability in Architectural
Education
Victoria University, Wellington, New Zealand
Embedding sustainability issues within architecture courses rather than leaving the
topic as an optional extra could change the way conventional architectural subjects
are taught. Environmental design has been linked in the past to history by authors
such as Banham [1] and Cowan [2], [3]. If sustainability issues are to be taken seri-
ously in society then they will impinge on all aspects of architectural education, since
sustainability ultimately means a change in the way people think and behave, not just
technological change. An example of teaching a conventional architectural science
course under the aegis of architecture and sustainability is discussed. This shows
that embracing sustainability means architectural science can be discussedin terms of
environmental, historical and socio-cultural issues as well as the more familiar techni-
cal ones. The conclusion is that sustainability emphasises the inter-connectedness of
things, moving architectural education away from the compartmentalised approach
which has dogged it for many decades.
Keywords: Architectural Education, Sustainability, Environmental Science.
P0195
Education for a More Sustainable Architecture
Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,
Porto Alegre, Brazil.
E-mail: mailto:masattler@gmail.com
One can ask: does education aiming at sustainable products in architecture and
Abstracts 69
construction need to be different? Why is it so? We understand that it requires a dif-
ferent approach. First, it has to be more holistic, systemic and interdisciplinary. Sus-
tainability requires the consideration of its several dimensions: social, economical,
environmental, cultural and, perhaps, others. An ethical approach is of fundamen-
tal importance, as the created products have to last to be enjoyed by generations to
come and be built with minimum stress on Earths carrying capacity, today and to-
morrow. This is usually not met as a result of an individual effort only. It requires
cooperation, interdisciplinary collaboration. This paper presents some of the princi-
ples behind the teaching of sustainable architecture and construction (holistic view
of architecturearchitecture for the whole human being; architecture joining all the
arts; architecture oriented by the four elements; design in accordance to the spirit of
the place) and how we try to arise motivation among our students to learn, at the
same time they apply these principles of sustainability into real life design projects.
Fundamentally, the learning process, as it is developed at NORIE, involves three very
important ingredients: inspiration, perspiration and celebration.
Keywords: Sustainability; Teaching; Environmental Design.
P0280
Teaching the Relation of Environmental Sensitivity and
Conceptual Design
Ute Poerschke
The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
This paper gives an overview of the structure, methods and outcomes of the rede-
veloped course Technical Systems Integration within the accredited professional archi-
tecture program at The Pennsylvania State University. The guiding principle of the
course is to link the technical, aesthetic and social approaches of environmentally re-
sponsible design in order to achieve an architecture in which the environmentally
sensible elements become meaningful parts of an architectural whole, rather than ad-
ditive pieces. The required course is closely linked to the fth-year design studio,
emphasizing that technical systems are not only a matter of comfort, health, or envi-
ronmental responsibility, but also and mainly a matter of an individual strong design
concept and corresponding environmental strategies that support the unique design.
The paper discusses different teaching formats for successful knowledge transfer of
environmental responsibility. Pros and cons of teaching environmentally sensitive
strategies in cooperation with the design studio will be reviewed in comparison to
an unrelated course. Two student designs that successfully link environmentally sen-
sitive strategies and the design concept will be presented. The main outcomes are
70 Abstracts
intensive student involvement in issues of environmental sensitivity and the under-
standing that environmental strategies must evolve out of a strong overall concept.
Keywords: Higher Education, Aesthetics of Environmental Responsibility, Teaching
Methodology.
P0276
Teaching and Learning the Daylighting Phenomenon in
Architecture with Physical Models
Fernando O. Ruttkay Pereira, Alexander C. Gonz alez and Veridiana Atanasio
LabCon Laboratory of Environmental Comfort, P osARQ Federal University of Santa
Catarina, Florian opolis/SC, Brazil
Daylighting considerations inuence the whole design process and incorporate as
many conceptual and aesthetics topics as technical ones. The designer needs to ac-
quire a deep understanding of light behavior in order to have a good estimate of
the effects caused by daylighting design decisions. This research seeks to apply a
method for teaching the daylighting phenomenon to undergraduate architecture stu-
dents using a physical prototyping environment. For this, a physical prototype of
an internal environment is built with shoe boxes and special lenses, with viewing
angle of 200
, for direct visualization. The aim of this workshop is to search for the
integration of daylight theory with the design practice in order to create a connection
with the design concepts. The advantages of this workshop, besides the integration
with the practice of designing with daylight, are the low cost and time spent dur-
ing the development of the exercise. The method allows students to easily preview
the effects on daylighting distribution due to different design options, and visually
appreciate them through the viewing lenses and/or digital photography. The work-
shop has been applied in daylighting courses, with undergraduate students at the
Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil and two Universities in Colombia. The
obtained results have shown that the practice is easily assimilated by the students,
effectively helping them to understand daylighting phenomenon in architecture in a
very amused and relaxed way.
Keywords: Daylighting, Teaching Method, Physical Models.
Abstracts 71
Session 8C User-Building-Interaction and Post Occupancy
Evaluation
SDE3, LT427
P0113
A Post Occupancy Evaluation of a UK Sustainable School:
School of Architecture, University of Shefeld, Shefeld, United Kingdom
Norfolk Community Primary School in Shefeld (UK) was built with a strong envi-
ronmental ethos. In this study qualitative and quantitative post occupancy evalua-
tions were carried to examine if the school was performing to a high environmental
level, compared to benchmark gures for electricity, heating and water consumption,
and what impact the environmental design was having on perceptions of the school,
levels of environmental awareness, related behaviour and pedagogical approaches.
The study identied that the environmental image of the school was having a posi-
tive impact on some aspects of user perceptions and awareness, suggesting ways in
which sustainable school design can become an effective resource for whole school
community learning. Most aspects of the schools internal physical environment were
satisfactory, although problems with temperature controls and energy metering were
identied.
Keywords: Sustainability, School, Perception, Environment.
P0224
User Preferences for Routing and Seating in Response to
Daylighting Design in an Art Museum
The Martin Centre, Department of Architecture, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
Lighting design has great inuence on users behaviour in built environment. Day-
lighting has natural, variable, and orientating privileges and requires more attention.
This paper aims to explore user preferences in routing and seating in an art museum,
and to discover how it is related to daylighting design in this environment. A eld
work was conducted at the Kettles Yard House & Gallery in Cambridge, which is
72 Abstracts
recognised in both architectural and environmental concerns for its intentional ma-
nipulation of daylight. The author observed and tracked 114 visitors over a period
of 3 days, then summarised a preferable visiting route and 4 most highly occupied
seating positions (out of 57 in total). Following theoretical analysis, author conducted
on-site monitoring of illuminance variations and polar distributions under different
sky conditions. Illuminance variations at eye level on a series of positions were stud-
ied to discuss user preferences on routing. While polar distributions of luminance
at eye height were used to explore visitors choices in seating. The research ndings
indicated that a general variable luminance environment is more appealing than an
even one. And also front-to-back luminance ratio, extracted from polar distribution,
is a key factor affecting visitors seating choices in response to daylighting design.
Keywords: User-building-interaction, daylighting, art museum, luminance variation.
P0551
Leading by Example: Post-Occupancy Evaluation Studies of
City Council-Owned Non-Domestic Buildings in Oxford
Rajat Gupta
Oxford Institute of Sustainable Development, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford,
United Kingdom
As part of ongoing climate change mitigation efforts, the author (a Senior Lecturer at
Oxford Brookes University) has been commissioned by Oxford City Council (Oxford,
UK) to undertake post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of 30 city council-owned non-
domestic buildings over ve years, to assess the potential for reducing non-domestic
CO
2
emissions. This paper reviews the methodological approach pursued, and nd-
ings fromthe rst phase of 12 POE studies undertaken by students of the MSc Energy
Efcient and Sustainable Building course run at Oxford Brookes University (Oxford,
UK). The 12 buildings studied cover a whole range of OCCs non-domestic estate:
seven community centres, two modern ofce buildings, two leisure centres and one
old Town Hall.
The overall POE methodology involves an energy and environmental audit of
these buildings, as well as a thermal comfort assessment of their occupants. It there-
fore includes both hard and soft issues of building energy performance. Recommen-
dations are then made to improve the building performance in terms of energy,
environmental impact and occupant satisfaction (thermal comfort); these are often
sub-divided into no-cost, low-cost, medium-cost and high-cost measures for ease of
implementation. Findings from these 12 POE studies shows that potentially about
30% of CO
2
emissions could be reduced cost-effectively using a combination of no-
cost and low-cost measures, whilst above 50% emissions are technically-possibly.
Particularly, the improvements in the building fabric would also improve the com-
Abstracts 73
fort for occupants, highlighted as a key concern in the thermal comfort assessments
of these buildings. In fact some of the measures proposed are being adopted in the
refurbishment of these buildings.
Since such building-types represent the building stock of any city in the UK or
elsewhere, these ndings are generic, and may therefore provide a useful example
for other cities in their endeavour for emission reductions. It also shows how City
councils can become agents of change in the efforts to mitigate the worst impacts of
climate change.
Keywords: Post-Occupancy Evaluation, Carbon Emissions, Non-Domestic Buildings.
P0478
User Interfaces for Occupant Interactions with Environmental
Austria
Occupant control actions in building (i.e. user interactions with environmental sys-
tems for heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, etc.) can signicantly affect both in-
door climate in and environmental performance of buildings. Nonetheless, relatively
few systematic (long-term and high-resolution) efforts have been made to observe
and analyze the means and patterns of such user-system interactions with building
systems. Specically, the necessary requirements for the design and testing of hard-
ware and software systems for user-system interfaces have not been formulated in a
rigorous and reliable manner. This paper includes an exploration of the requirements
and functionalities of user interfaces for building systems in sentient buildings. We
compare a number of commercial user-interface products for building control sys-
tems. Thereby, we consider three aspects, namely control options, information types,
and hardware. The outcome of this comparison is expected to serve as the starting
point for developing a new generation of user interface models to promote higher
levels of connectivity between occupants and sentient environments.
Keywords: Sentient Buildings, User Interface, Environmental Controls.
74 Abstracts
P0449
Using Daylighting Controls in Ofces? Post Occupancy Study
about their Integration with the Electric Lighting
Eul ` alia Cunill
1
, Rafael Serra
1
and Mike Wilson
2
1
Architecture & Energy, School of Architecture UPC, Barcelona, Spain
2
LEARN, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
It has been noted that in the opinion of experts on daylighting control systems, most
systems were not working. A survey has been undertaken in which actually 80% out
of 15 ofces studied had the system switched off.
There is clearly poor integration between solar protection and daylighting con-
trols. No integrated sun-tracking and daylighting control has been found successfully
operating in an ofce environment. The choice of blinds and a proper use of the pho-
tocell will be the main area of study. 40% of the cases studied have automated internal
blinds installed operated with photocell, of which 66.6% have been switched off or
changed to manual drive. BMS linked photocell controlled lighting is used in 40% (6
of all cases). The photosensors were disconnected in 50% (3 of the sample).
The experimental work of this PhD research is based in a post-occupancy ofce
evaluation by measuring both luminance and illuminance, around a desk position
(ceiling-desk-partition-oor), colour temperature, colour reectance and a user sur-
vey completed in different workplaces. The impact of blinds was also analysed in
terms of type, position and internal luminance of blinds and ceiling. We found a re-
lationship between luminance and colour temperature amongst different surfaces.
Finally, we present some early ideas on what we should be controlling.
Keywords: Daylight Linking, Photosensors, POEs, Integration.
P0443
Visions for Open Spaces in Owner-Built Housing Areas in the
City of Campinas, Brazil: Perspectives of a Greener Urban
Landscape
a
Department of Architecture and Building, School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and
Urban Design, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Caixa Postal 6021, 13083-852,
Campinas, SP, Brazil.
E-mail:
a
doris@fec.unicamp.br
This paper presents the results of a continuing study of the self-built housing phe-
nomena in the region of the city of Campinas/SP, Brazil. The main goal of the study
was the development of a community action method to improve environmental com-
fort and the urban landscape in owner-built residential areas, through
Abstracts 75
increased integration of open spaces, with the introduction of a concept termed out-
side greens and inside greens. This concept is seen as an alternative to green areas
in cities like Campinas. Open spaces of a specic owner-built suburb were evaluated
through aerial photographs and morphologically characterized. From this data CAD
(Computer Aided Design) based drawings were produced and rendered by hand to
create three scenarios: 1. the current situation with its present built-up condition; 2. a
probable future development without green areas and lacking vegetation and 3, sim-
ulations of a future urban condition with vegetation purposely distributed, creating
what might be called the full green possibility or vision. These drawings became
important support material for the interviews held with the local population to in-
vestigate their views on their community. The interviews focused on the relation of
the population with the open spaces on their own lots, inside greens, and with
the public green areas, outside greens. The inquiry was centred on the feelings
of comfort and the urban landscape quality. The purpose of this study was primar-
ily to engage the population in their own residential environment. Vegetation was
used as a theme to improve the urban landscape. In the local climate vegetation in-
creases shading which in-turn directly inuences comfort. The study does not enter
into quantitative questions, emphasizing qualitative perceptions and community ac-
tions. The results of the study showthat, importance given to vegetation in residential
neighbourhoods of self-builders is not uniform. However, although the existing open
spaces have a limited inuence on improved environmental comfort conditions and
add little to the image of a recommended urban landscape, the research and commu-
nity action method caused an immediate identication of the inhabitants with their
present situation and alerted the population as to their role in improving their own
neighbourhoods.
Keywords: Open space, Self-built or Owner-built housing, Sustainability, Vegetation
and Environmental comfort, Urban Landscape.
76 Abstracts
Session P1 Poster Presentation Mini-Papers
SDE3, Level 4, LT424
Chair(s)
MP0329
Experiences with an Innovative Energy System: Refurbishment
and Enlargement of a Rationalist Building in Italy to a Solar
Active Building
Alexanda Troi
1
, Assunta Napolitano
1,2
and Wolfram Sparber
1
1
Institute for Renewable Energy, EURAC Research, Italy
2
Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Bergamo, Italy
This paper presents the innovative energy system of a listed building in South Ty-
rol/Italy, which was refurbished to a solar active building. Design values draw a
most promising picture, forecasting a reduction of CO
2
emissions by 30% and of elec-
tricity fromthe grid by more than 55% compared to a reference scenario without solar
collectors, absorption chiller and cogeneration unit. However the actual performance
remains well behind this target: monitoring of the energy ows showed that only 5%
were achieved up to now. The evaluation of two optimisation scenarios, which do not
require major intervention on hardware but refer mainly to the control of the system,
illustrates that up to 26% CO2 emissions and 15% of costs can be avoided. The study
thus demonstrates clearly that the control of the system plays a crucial role for its
performance.
Keywords: Solar active building, solar assisted cooling, system control, absorption
chiller, cogeneration, monitoring, refurbishment.
MP0371
Monitoring Buildings with Non-Computerized Heating
Systems: Optimization of Energy Performance by Variations in
Use and Management

UPCO
2
, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
This paper presents the development of a protocol for recording and controlling the
Abstracts 77
performance of HVAC systems in existing buildings in order to determine the ef-
ciency of the systems management and identify optimization possibilities.
Current HVAC monitoring methods for improving energy efciency are usually
applied to modern, remote-controlled systems, but a large proportion of existing in-
stallations and building stock are tted with non-computerized systems. Moreover,
the methods tend to focus on the efciency of machines and circuit design and do
not take into account other factors such as the interaction with the buildings design
characteristics or its use and occupancy proles.
The guidelines developed were applied to the building occupied by the School of
Architecture of the Vall` es (ETSAV) near Barcelona (Spain) during the winter period
20062007. The study shows how it was possible to signicantly reduce energy con-
sumption (by up to 40%) and the associated environmental impact (CO
2
emissions).
Keywords: Existing Building Performance, Efcient Management, Heating System
Monitoring.
MP0251
Designing and Constructing to the PassivHaus Standard in
Temperate Climate
UCD Energy Research Group, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
UCD Energy Research Group has developed guidelines for the design and construc-
tion of dwellings to the PassivHaus standard appropriate to temperate maritime ar-
eas of Europe. The guidelines look specically at typical construction methods in
building to the PassivHaus standard, and draw conclusions regarding their applica-
tion in moderate climates, based on results of sensitivity analysis of the overall energy
balance
Keywords: PassivHaus, energy performance standard, temperate climate.
MP0516
Renewable Energy Sources and Greek Islands
1-17 Palmer Street, Westminster, London SW1H 0AB.
E-mail: A.Fylaktou-Cattaneo@archi.demon.co.uk
Greece is located in the south-eastern part of Western Europe. It has a total area of
131,957 square kilometres that includes 3,000 islands approximately. The countrys
geographical position, proximity to the sea and Mediterranean climate provide a
great opportunity for the extensive development of renewable energy sources (RES).
78 Abstracts
This paper is concerned with the use of RES (concentrating on wind energy) in the
identied areas. It briey examines islands that include Euboea and Crete together
with current and future developments, which are of particular importance because
they represent a major effort in integrating national/local planning policies within
a framework of sustainability and climate change. A short analysis of wind farms is
conducted together with an examination of their level of integration in the various
areas, socio-economic inuence and promotion of sustainable communities.
Keywords: Energy, Renewable, Islands, Wind, Farms, Greece.
MP0325
Design Strategies for Environmentally Sustainable Residential
Sabina Fazlic
Welsh School of Architecture, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom, Supervised by
Dr. Wayne Forster and Dr. Mike Fedeski
The environmentally sustainable residential high-rise has recently become less of an
idealist vision and more of a realist solution to the rapid growth of cities and the
pollution that results from their energy-intensive design. The work of a Malaysian
architect, Ken Yeang, has provided a tool for the reconciliation between the high-
rise and sustainability in the hot, humid climate, and this paper will consider the
application of his bioclimatic principles to the design of residential towers in the cool
temperate climate.
Keywords: Sustainability, Bioclimatic, Residential, High-Rise, Temperate Climate.
MP0359
Design Considerations for Energy Efcient Housing Past,
Present and Future
RMJM Ltd, Cambridge, UK
The trigger behind this paper is our concern about the effect on housing design of re-
cent onerous building regulations and codes in the UK, in a rush to meet government
commitments to reduce greenhouse emissions as committed to in the Kyoto Agree-
ment. The paper compares the striking versatility of the vernacular environmental
response and the predominant design monotony of the contemporary environmental
response in housing, and looks into the reasons behind the different aesthetics. The
Abstracts 79
fear is about the risk of further stringent constraints such as building regulations re-
sulting in monotonous designs and civic realms that are devoid of inspiration and
innovation. We carry out a desktop study consisting of a parametric assessment of
key design variables in order to reinforce the idea that there is a myriad of iterations
that achieve energy efciency and indoor comfort in housing which should result in
diverse and inspirational design solutions, and conclude with recommendations.
Keywords: Design, energy efciency, housing, vernacular, contemporary.
MP0419
Sustain Contemporary Architecture into Climatic Condition
Case Study of Gorgan City
School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
This article is based on a eld study done by the authors in order to present de-
sign norms for adapt new constructions with climate [1]. The case study is done in
Gorgan, a small and under populated city in north part of Iran, settled in Caspian
Sea border in moderate and humid climate. In the following research, after nding
climate and geographical specications of Gorgan, the climatic requirements in order
to catch thermal comfort in buildings, is known. Then to recognize the adaptability of
new buildings to the climatic condition, different periods of building construction in
Gorgan city is recognized. In this research four periods of building construction were
known. By knowing these periods, the methods which were used in order to adapt
buildings to climate condition are recognized. Also the problems of new buildings to
adapt climate is illuminated. Finally a set of designing principles which is adjusted to
life style and economical situation of the people in one hand, and decrease the usage
of fossil energy for heating and cooling the building in the other hand, is presented.
In this article tree main principles and the guidelines to achieve them, is presented as
a sample.
Keywords: Climatic Needs, Thermal Comfort, Vernacular Architecture, Contemporary
Architecture.
80 Abstracts
MP0278
House as a Tree: An Efcient Natural Base Architectural
Design for Temperature Control and Energy Saving
Francisco Javier C ardenas Mungua
1
and Gisela M endez
2
1
Faculty of Architecture, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
2
School of Architecture, Institute Technologic of Colima, Colima, Mexico
The house as a tree is an organic design concept that emulates the form of a tree in
order to improve energy reception, control winds and to reduce in a natural way, the
temperature and energy expenses to keep acceptable levels of comfort in the house
for the whole year. This paper present the results of temperature measurements taken
in different seasons, comparing the house performance against similar places in the
surrounding areas.
Keywords: Energy saving, temperature control, natural design.
MP0156
Examination and Review of Passive Solar Cooling Strategies in
Fewzi Fardeheb
Architect, 1015 Gayley Avenue, Suite 1242, Los Angeles, California 90024 USA
Middle Eastern Architecture represents a signicant wealth of traditional technolo-
gies based on climate-responsive buildings. Indigenous people have learned to cope
in this desert climate by developing a non-competitive relationship with the harsh
environment. This paper will examine, classify and documents the traditional tech-
nologies with a special emphasis on passive cooling techniques that may be appli-
cable to contemporary solutions. These techniques include solar control, convective
cooling, evaporative cooling, radiant cooling, and earth cooling.
Keywords: Vernacular Architecture, Passive Cooling.
MP0260
Integration of Teaching and Research: Design Development for
a Range of Autonomous Buildings
B. Sodagar
1
, J. C. Chilton
1
, B. Gilroy Scott
2
and N. Lowthrop
2
1
University of Lincoln,
Abstracts 81
2
Hill Holt Wood Social Enterprise
This paper describes the design development of an autonomous eco- community hall
developed through a student design competition as parts of an externally funded
research project between Lincoln school of Architecture and Hill Holt Wood Social
Enterprise.
Keywords: Research-Led Teaching, Architectural Education, Sustainable Architecture
and Environments.
MP0174
Development of Floating, Residental Buildings in Passive
House Technology
Christoph Buxbaum
1
, Albert Seiler
1
and Oskar Pankratz
2
1
Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, Spittal an der Drau, Austria
2
Design AID, Haidershofen, Austria
This paper presents an ongoing research project concerning the development of hab-
itable basements for oating houses build in passive house technology. Highly-
insulated basement systems made of solid timber boards were developed and the-
oretical calculated and with regard to hygrothermal performance and the probable
durability investigated. First simulation results concerning the hygrothermal and
durability performance of the developed timber construction wall and bottom slab
assemblies are presented and future work is described.
Keywords: Passive House, Floating Homes, Durability, Hygrothermal Performance.
MP0241
The Potential of Earth-Air Heat Exchangers for Low Energy
Cooling of Buildings
School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, Brighton,
United Kingdom
An Earth-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHX) is a simple subterranean cooling/heating sys-
tem that utilises the stable soil temperature that is cooler and warmer than ambi-
ent temperature in summer and winter respectively. The rise in ambient summer
temperature is bringing about building overheating in the UK. There is increased
standard demanded by the building regulation to increase building energy efciency
and the use of low carbon technologies. The paper studied the potential of the earth-
air heat exchanger in reducing the need for air-conditioning under UK climatic and
soil condition. The system has been evaluated using thermal modelling in TRNSYS
82 Abstracts
simulation environment. Results show opportunity for reducing indoor temperature
using EAHX.
Keywords: Earth-Air Heat Exchanger, Passive/Low Energy Cooling, Ground Heat
Sinks, Thermal Comfort.
MP0194
Low-Income Housing: An Approach Through Sustainable
Design
Debra L. Raymont
Architectural Association, London, England
This research project aimed to examine traditional building practices in Vermont and
how they can be made more environmentally efcient and affordable as there is a
deciency of over 32,000 affordable housing units currently in Burlington, Vermont.
Through the development of an efcient and affordable prototype unit design, the
aim is to provide a model that may address current low-income housing needs.
Through research, analysis and simulations, a base case condition, based on tra-
ditional Vermont building methods, was used as a comparison in the development
in a highly efcient, low-energy and low-cost prototype. After multiple simulations
and alterations, a thermally efcient prototype unit emerged which was tested for its
affordability through a series of cost analyses. Working with real-life budget infor-
mation for the construction or purchasing of low-income housing, the prototype is
determine whether or not to qualify as affordable as well as low-energy.
Keywords: Low Energy, Affordable Housing.
MP0205
Parametric Study on the Thermal Effect of Spatial form and
Solar Reectance and Heat Capacity of Buildings
-Aimed at Designing a Comfortable and Less-Impact Built
Environment-
The heat island phenomenon is an urban environmental problem that is becoming
increasingly serious. One of the main causes underlying the deterioration of the ther-
mal environment is the change in land cover associated with the removal of natural
Abstracts 83
cover such as trees and the concomitant increase of buildings and pavement. In order
to design a comfortable and low-impact urban built environment, the marked inu-
ence of environmental factors needs to be considered during the design phase. The
purpose of this study is to analyze the thermal effects of the factors on the outdoor
living environment, focusing on the impact of surface materials and spatial forms
employed in urban areas on surface temperature.
Keywords: Sustainable design, building thermal characteristics, heat island,
simulation.
MP0259
An Empirical Study on Outdoor Thermal Environment of
Residential Developments and Street Blocks in Hong Kong
Department of Architecture, University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
The urban environment modies microclimate in numerous ways. Researches us-
ing measurement work around buildings, scale models and simulation work have
attempted to identify the processes that govern the microclimatic changes. In this
study, eld measurements of temperature, relative humidity and wind velocity were
taken using both mini-weather stations and mobile equipment at strategic outdoor
locations of residential developments and mixed-use street blocks in inner city urban
areas in Hong Kong during the summer months (June to September) of 2006. It is
concluded that urban morphologies (building, form, fabric and conguration), and
site specics (volumetric composition, and permeability) constitute to a user-friendly
urban environment in terms of thermal conditions. This paper considers the conse-
quences of design-related variables of urban spaces and their effects on outdoor ther-
mal environment in the high-rise, high-density setting of sub-tropical Hong Kong.
Keywords: Urban climate, outdoor thermal environment, residential development,
mixed use street block.
MP0295
Sustainable Architecture: Good Environmental Performance
that is Inspirational
Flavia Melo Tarmo
Faculty of Architecture, The University of Sydney, Australia.
E-mail: fmel0900@mail.usyd.edu.au
According to the UNs latest report on Buildings and Climate Change [1], 30 to 40%
of all global primary energy is used in buildings. Fossil fuels are the main source
84 Abstracts
of energy used in buildings in high and middle-income countries, and biomass is
the dominant source in low-income countries. These are environmentally intensive
patterns of energy consumption and contribute to global warming. Energy -efcient
buildings have, therefore, a great potential for reduction of global warming effects.
Keywords: Climate Change, Sustainability, Sustainable Architecture, Environmental
Planning, Environmental Design.
MP0409
Analysis of Sustainable Buildings Strategies in Rural Areas in
Mexico
Silvia Arias
University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
The constructions and the houses have an important impact in the environment and
the health of the people. The environmental quality associates the comfort of the hu-
man beings to the sustainable development of the natural resources. Applied to the
architecture, this concept supposes the incorporation of new exigencies in all the con-
structive process of a house, modifying customs of the developers and the users. Also,
a greater effort at the time of planning the power saving and with it is due to make
the reduction of the carbon dioxide emissions.
The principal intention of the present research is the study of the social conditions
of a rural community western Mexico, with the purpose of establishing the sustain-
able parameters to realize recommendations of energy savings in rural houses. This
paper proposes an alternative of sustainable technology for energy savings in the ru-
ral communities, by means of mechanisms that provides the energetic efciency used
in the air conditioning, the articial lighting, as well as the equipments connected in
all the processes of the building: From the project, the construction, the habitability
and the maintenance of the housing.
The propose of this study is to check those design strategies found in vernacu-
lar architecture that can be used to modern constructions in order to reduce energy
consumption and establish the necessary recommendations to preserve the local ar-
chitectural physiognomy.
With base to the results that are obtained along the different stages of the study,
it is possible to realize an energetic audit, to propose the recommendations of envi-
ronmental adequacy of the architectural spaces in search of the energy savings and
Abstracts 85
the optimization of the institutional resources, as well as to improve the conditions of
environmental comfort of the users.
Keywords: Energy Savings, Renewable Energy, Vernacular Architecture.
MP0410
Application of Green Buildings Technologies in the
Construction Regulations of Mexico
David Avila
University of Guadalajara
The present project analyzes the conditions of the actual construction regulations and
their relation with the conditions of sustainability of the western zone of Mexico. The
human activity of production and occupation of the housing activity, has contributed
important percentage in the problem of the global warming. The waste production
and deterioration of the natural resources force to consider technological alternatives
for the production and occupation of the sustainable buildings that incorporates low
energy technologies and systems for the water consumption, as well for the energy ef-
ciency using the advantage of the natural lighting, natural ventilation and the treat-
ment of outer areas. The analysis of the energy efciency will be based mainly on
the conditions of sustainability, understanding that the consumption of the energy
and the water is certain determined for the conditions of habitability. A sustainable
construction can be a space completely integrated to the natural landscape and the
natural ows of an ecosystem, or can be an articial place with a high energy perfor-
mance, built with low environmental impact materials.
The primary objective is to maximize the energy efciency, to reduce the carbon
dioxide emissions, the conservation of the natural resources, as well as to integrate
sustainable technologies and to make integral an urban planning with citizen partic-
ipation in the different phases from the project.
Consequently, a series of sustainable sections was developed to be applied in
the construction regulations a of the western zone of Mexico, reason for which it is
decided to choose a specic place to exemplify the points treated in the development
of the investigation.
The presentation includes the different analysis stages, the data processing and
the regulations proposals, which are groupedaccording to the criteria of sustainabil-
ity for the sustainable urban development and the construction of sustainable build-
ings, that includes: efcient of water use, use of the energy efciency techniques, use
of bioclimatic design and the treatment of solid wastes.
Keywords: Sustainable Construction, Energy Saving, Construction Regulations.
86 Abstracts
MP0326
Comparison of the Environmental Performance of Different
Chrisi Tompa
1
and Argiro Dimoudi
1,2
1
Hellenic Open University, MSc Environmental Design of Cities and Buildings, Patra,
Greece
2
Department of Environmental Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Xanthi
Greece
The different phases of building construction resources extraction, material con-
struction, building construction have serious implications at the environment due
to consumption of natural resources but also due to consumption of fossil fuels dur-
ing the different phases of material production and building construction. Buildings
during construction, use and demolition phases consume up to half amount of the
primary energy consumption in the European Commission and the corresponding
amount of CO
2
emissions, the basic contributor gas for the greenhouse effect per-
centages and absolute values differ form country to country. The current paper will
discuss the contribution of different buildings construction practices at the energy
consumption and pollutant emissions based on a comparison made of alternative
construction materials used at ofce buildings in Greece. The analysis is based on the
embodied energy of the different materials and corresponding pollutant emissions.
Estimations are made for the construction phase of the building envelope, work that
corresponds at about 5560% of the total budget of the project.
Keywords: Environmental Friendly Materials, Materials Assessment.
Session P2 Poster Presentation Mini-Papers
Chair(s)
MP0179
An Evaluation Model of the Different Components of Solar
Radiation Impinging on Vertical Surfaces in Consolidated
Urban Environments
Alejandro Mesa
a
, Mariela Arboit and Carlos de Rosa
Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales. (INCIHUSA CONICET),
Abstracts 87
Laboratorio de Ambiente Humano y Vivienda (LAHV), C.C.131. (5500) Mendoza,
Argentina.
E-mail:
a
amesa@lab.cricyt.edu.ar
The availability of the solar resource within the urban structure essentially depends
on the morphological features of its immediate environment. The precise knowledge
of the access to the renewable climatic resource, would allow advancing on the plan-
ning of urban consolidation within the framework of a more sustainable develop-
ment.
Having as background the tool for calculating the areas insolated by the direct
component of solar radiation, a graphic-computational model developed in the R+D
unit, it was attempted to advance now on the search for a method that would permit
determining the incidence of each component of the solar radiation (direct, diffuse
and reected) in the urban context.
The graphic-computational model already operative, only takes into account the
access to the direct component of solar radiation. In urban scenarios the diffuse and
reected components reach a signicant relevance, even in clear days, but, due to the
complexity of their features they are difcult to quantify.
The paper presents the rst results of a study aimed at evaluating the solar po-
tential of urban environments in Mendozas Metropolitan Area (MMA), dening the
radiation values of each component, corresponding to different typical and represen-
tative building densities in the city.
Keywords: Solar Radiation Components, Fisheye Image, Available Energy.
MP0233
The Use of Computer Simulation Technique in the Calculation
of Vertical Daylight Factor for Heavily Obstructed Urban
Environments
Baharuddin
Department of Architecture, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
This paper demonstrates the use of computer simulation technique as an alternative
approach to calculate daylight performance for the provision of natural light in high-
rise buildings in high-dense environments. The paper presents a validation study of
RADIANCE software and its application for the building context. The results of this
study show that the RADIANCE with the setting of ambient bounces -ab1 is valid to
be used to calculate VDF for heavily obstructed high-rise residential buildings. It is
applicable for more kind of buildings formand layout, and therefore, over-performed
UVA method in calculating VDF values.
Keywords: Vertical Daylight Factor, Computer Simulation, Residential Buildings, High
Obstruction.
88 Abstracts
MP0455
Thermal Environment and Human Thermal Responses in
Ruey Lung Hwang
1
, Tzu Pin Lin
2
, Pei-Wen Chen
1
, Boon Ting Teo
3
and
Yi Shuan Lin
4
1
Department of Occupational Health and Safety, China Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan
2
Department of Leisure Planning, National Formosa University, Yulin, Taiwan
3
Department of Architecture, Feng-Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
Field experiments, conducted in 29 air-conditioned ofces, used survey question-
naires and physical measurements to investigate workers subjective thermal responses
and comfort perception. A total of 650 individuals participated in the eld study. The
thermal neutrality and thermal preference of subjects occurred at 25.6
C and 24.1
C
respectively. Responses from those subjects suggest a comfort temperature range is
23.827.5
C, that shifts to slightly warmer temperatures by about 0.5
C as compar-
ing to comfort zone recommended in ASHRAE standard 55. Responses from subjects
also indicate that people in Taiwan have a leniency toward the humidity guideline
in ASHRAE standard 55, due to acclimate to the humid climate. The ndings were
compared with the similar studies in hot-humid climate.
Keywords: Thermal Comfort, Air-Conditioned Ofces, Field Survey.
MP0147
Energy Efcient Laboratory Design A New Approach to
Improve Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort
Farhad Memarzadeh
1
, Andy Manning
2
and Zheng Jiang
2
1
National Institution of Health, Washington DC, USA
2
Flomerics Inc, Marlborough, MA, USA
In this study, a novel ventilation systemwhich introduces bench exhausts and radiant
cooling panels is proposed. The radiant cooling panel system is more energy efcient
in removing heat from an equipment intensive laboratory than air-based systems.
The impact of this system on indoor air quality is also investigated by numerical sim-
ulation: whether the operation of bench exhaust system will affect the hood contain-
ment, and how efcient this system is in removing airborne chemicals in case bench
top chemical spill occurs. The results indicate that bench exhaust does not seem to
have negative impact on hood containment, and has great potential to improve air
Abstracts 89
quality by effectively removing airborne chemicals caused by spill at the bench top.
This paper results in a recommendation for a ventilation strategy including a com-
bination of ceiling exhausts, bench exhausts and ceiling radiant cooling panels that
appears to give the best thermal condition and energy saving in a typical laboratory
described in this study.
Keywords: Numerical Simulation, Air Quality, Thermal Comfort.
MP0472
Performance Assessment of Double Roofs Incorporating
Radiant Barrier System
Chi-ming Lai
1
, Che-ming Chiang
2
and J. S. Chiou
3
1
Graduate Institute of Rural Planning, National Chung-Hsing University, Taiwan
2
Department of Architecture, National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan
Double-skin roof is known as a very effective way to reduce both the conduction
and convection heat transfers from roof to the ceiling of building, on the other hand,
RBS (Radiant Barrier System) is very effective in blocking the radiation heat transfer
between roof and ceiling. In this study, prototypical double roofs inspired by the con-
cepts of both double-skin structure and RBS technique was specically designed to
cut down the solar heat gain from roof. The effect of energy saving was experimen-
tally measured. A double roof structure, formed by a roof plate and an aluminum
foil-PP (Polypropylene) board-RC slab, can achieve good performance of heat barrier
and is highly recommended.
Keywords: Double Skin, Double Roof, RBS (Radiant Barrier System).
MP0170
The Effect of Shading on the Night-Time Radiant Cooling of the
Flora Bougiatioti
National Technical University of Athens, School of Architecture,
Department of Architectural Technology.
E-mail: fbougiatioti@yahoo.com
The aim of this paper is to quantify the effect of permanent shading on the night-time
radiant cooling of the materials, which are commonly used in urban open spaces
and on the at roofs of buildings in Greece. This analysis is based on a series of
90 Abstracts
preliminary experimental surface temperature measurements that are conducted on
samples of building materials, shaded and exposed, placed on a at roof. The in-
tention is to evaluate the magnitude of the effect of radiant cooling on the surface
temperatures of building materials and compare it to the already well-documented
effect of shading throughout the summer days. This comparison can lead to a se-
ries of guidelines concerning the design of urban open spaces in cities with warm
Mediterranean climate.
Keywords: Materials, Shading, Radiant Cooling.
MP0177
An Experimental Study and Simulation of PCM in Real Climatic
Conditions
Radoslav Ponechal
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
This paper give one outline, how could simulate PCM more accurate. Some experi-
ments were used to verify the PCM model in simulation program Esp-r. At rst, the
component with PCM was evaluated in climate chamber. The temperatures and the
heat ow were measured on the surface of polycarbonate slab within Rubitherm RT
20. Next the appropriate test room was chosen, and PCM material was applied into
the construction of ceiling. The rooms indoor climate parameters was monitored and
measured as well as the outdoor parameters before the facade. The measured values
were applied to rene simple computation models.
Keywords: Phase Change, Simulation.
MP0341
The Albedo of the Surfaces. In-the-Field Test Procedure for
Building Skin Characterization
Luca Gattoni, Tiziana Poli, Riccardo Arlunno and Andrea Giovanni Mainini
B.E.S.T Department, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy
The optical and energetic characterization of an external surface directly in contact
with the outdoor environment is fundamental to understand the behaviour of the
building in response to external thermal inputs (i.e. solar radiation) that can strongly
inuence energy balance of the entire building.
Equally, it is useful to distinguish and understand all the surfaces that can be
found in different urban macro-zones. This may help us to foresee how they can in-
uence the town micro-climate under particular conditions (thermal mass and heat
island).
Abstracts 91
Hence, this paper shows an in-the-eld procedure to measure optical-energetic
performances of surfaces used for building envelopes. And presents a critical analysis
of the results obtained by this eld approach comparedwith laboratory measurements.
The leading procedure starts from an ASTM standard for in-the-eld measure-
ment of surfaces albedo, that actually require two pyranometers and a specimen of
16 m
2
. The aim is to propose a procedure that could be easy applied on testing ma-
terials for building envelope, using only a 1 m
2
specimen and a simplied testing
appliance.
Keywords: Albedo of Surfaces, In the Field Measurement, Energy Savings, Passive
Behaviour of Buildings.
MP0387
The Impact of Urban Vegetation on Microclimate in Hot Humid
S ao Paulo
J org Spangenberg
1,2,a
, Paula Shinzato
1,c
, Erik Johansson
1,3,d
and Denise Duarte
1,b
1
Laboratory of Environment and Energy Studies (LABAUT), University of S ao Paulo,
Brazil.
E-mail:
a
joerg spangenberg@yahoo.com.br;
b
dhduarte@terra.com.br
2
Bauhaus University, Weimar, Germany.
E-mail:
c
paulashinzato@yahoo.com
3
Housing Development & Management, Lund University, Sweden.
E-mail:
d
erik.johansson@hdm.lth.se
Field monitoring in a park, a square and a street canyon on a summer day in S ao
Paulo, Brazil, showed that the park was up to 2K cooler than the square and the
canyon. The effect of adding shading trees to the street canyon was simulated for the
same day using the numerical model ENVI-met. The simulations showed that incor-
porating street trees in the urban canyon had a limited cooling effect on the air tem-
perature (up to 1.1 K), but led to a signicant cooling of the street surface (up to 12 K)
as well as a great reduction of the mean radiant temperature at pedestrian height (up
to 24 K). Although the trees lowered the wind speed, the heat stress was mitigated
considerably as the physiologically equivalent temperature (PET) was reduced by up
to 12 K, mainly due to shading.
Keywords: Urban Vegetation, Urban Microclimate, Numerical Simulation, Pedestrian
Comfort.
92 Abstracts
MP0338
The Use of Alternative Agricultural Materials for Insulation of
Residential Properties: Results from a Performance Simulation
Study
Satta Panyakaew
1
and Adrian Pitts
1,2
1
University of Shefeld, Shefeld, UK
2
Shefeld Hallam University, Shefeld, UK
The research described in this paper aims to improve environmental sustainability
by aiding use of agro-materials as an alternative to conventional materials for insu-
lation of residential walls in Thailand. The agro-materials selected for investigation
are durian peel and coconut coir particleboards with thermal conductivities of 0.054
and 0.185 W/mK respectively. The typical design methodology is to combine both
materials with conventional walls as an external insulation for heat transfer reduc-
tion and moisture control. The main part of the investigation compares the insula-
tion properties of different wall types. The wall options considered are those covered
with a layer of the selected material or a wall covered with an expanded polystyrene
foam board with thermal conductivity of 0.04 W/mK. To study the performance of
the walls, computer simulations of heat transfer and moisture control are conducted.
The simulation results show that the wall covered with durian peel particleboard is
effective at reducing heat transfer and has less potential for mould growth in the wall
structure than the wall with coconut coir particleboard covering. Durian peel particle-
board appears to offer a better environmental solution to meet the needs of building
insulation materials.
Keywords: Insulation, Agro-Materials, Simulation, Performance.
MP0471
Investigation on Thermal-Insulation Capability of Hollow Bricks
Chi-ming Lai
1
, Che-ming Chiang
2
and C. J. Ho
3
1
Graduate Institute of Rural Planning, National Chung-Hsing University, Taiwan
2
Department of Architecture, National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, Taiwan
Through experiments, this research aimed to analyze the effects on thermal character-
istics of adding PCM to conventional hollow thermal-insulation bricks. Two identical
test models, which had untreated and PCM-treated bricks respectively, had been lo-
cated nearby in eld. They were exposed to solar radiation at the same
time for typical clear summer days. The result showed that PCM-treated bricks had
a better daytime thermal insulation effect than ordinary hollow bricks. In addition,
Abstracts 93
PCM-treated bricks can provide more effective indoor heat preservation at night,
when temperatures fall outdoors.
Keywords: Thermal Insulation, Bricks, Roof, Phase Change Material (PCM).
MP0316
The Role of Courtyards in Relation to Luminous Conditions
Eirini Tsianaka
RMJM London Ltd., Cambridge, United Kingdom
This work explores the environmental conditions of dwellings in central Athens,
Greece in relation to their orientation towards courtyards or streets. It has been de-
scribed and explained that urban geometry contributes to the microclimate determi-
nation of the open space. In addition, it has been demonstrated that courtyards can
reduce the energy used for cooling in the buildings. In particular, lower oor-facing
courtyards are cooler than lower oor-facing streets. The examination of daylight
availability inside the ats is considered essential for the comparison of visual com-
fort of the street and courtyard sides. The narrow courtyards seem to be cooler and to
reduce glare; however, do they satisfy the recommended daylight levels? Spot moni-
toring of light levels and occupant views based on questionnaires are used to evaluate
the daylight levels in two typical buildings of the Amerikis and Omonias areas.
Keywords: Courtyard, Street, Daylighting, Day-Lit Space, Daylight Factor, Urban Form,
Occupant Views.
MP0418
Review on the study of Daylighting in Atria: Finding the Gaps
in Knowledge
Julitta Yunus
1
, Sabarinah Sh. Ahmad
2
and Azni Zain-Ahmed
3
1
Department of Building, Faculty of Architecture, Planning& Surveying,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
2
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning& Surveying,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
3
Institute of Research, Development & Commercialisation, Universiti Teknologi MARA,
Malaysia
The paper aims to nd the gaps in knowledge in the study of daylighting in atria
specically under the tropical skies conditions. The atrium shape, roof congura-
tions, building orientation, roof transmittance, internal surfaces reectivity, glazing
94 Abstracts
areas are the crucial elements in the daylighting design of atrium buildings. This pa-
per investigates the effect of roof prole and structure upon daylight conditions in
atrium buildings. This includes critical review and analysis of the ndings by other
researchers on the need of several variations in internal roof structure and distribu-
tion of the internal glazing daylight levels in atrium buildings. The paper concludes
with the discussions of the overall transmission characteristics of atrium roofs were
perhaps the least understood area of atrium design under tropical skies. The review
forms the basis for ndings the gap in knowledge that is useful for authors further
research in this area.
Keywords: Daylighting, atrium, roof obstruction, tropical skies.
MP0436
Daylighting in Historical Centres: The Case of an Architects
Ofce in Seville
Architectural Design Research Group (Karma), University of Seville, Spain
Historical towns in Europe usually have as their main feature an extremely dense
urban tissue. This, in turn, generates a wide variety of situations which make it dif-
cult to provide adequate light to the inside of buildings. On the other hand, the
trend for revitalization of cities often demands a change in the utilization of spaces
adding even more difculties to the case because the previous constraints and stan-
dards are heavily modied. Architecture today must face this challenge as a new
aim for creativity based on the idea of design with the environment. Basically, the
achievement of the said urban renewal of old towns should not entail the creation of
a kind of enclosure where sustainability is absent as the conservationists would have
it. With this concept in mind, the complex process of building an architects ofce was
been launched, and though the starting situation was that of a windowless facade,
a number of strategies have been devised to provide for sun and light in the working
and living spaces. Simulations of the project taking into account the principles of ra-
diant energy transfer have been duly conducted and after some corrections the ofce
was completed and monitored. The procedure yields both the thermal gains and the
luminous distribution of the building in order to assess the performance and comfort
level on a seasonal basis. Therefore, we consider that the project is a valid example
of sustainability in historical cities not merely because of the former but also due to
its integration with professional practice and its attempt to address severe urban and
political constraints.
Keywords: Sustainability, Daylighting, Urban Retrot.
Abstracts 95
MP0433
Lighting Features in Indian-Style Traditional Architecture
Architectural Design Research Group (Karma), University of Seville, Spain
Due to the effect of impinging solar radiation, high thermal loads can be predicted
in buildings in many climates of South-East Asia. The logical need to protect and
ventilate the facades has been known for centuries. Features such as the jalis or lat-
tice work combined with deep overhangs and elements conceived to reect excessive
sunlight such as water tanks or ritual ponds have adorned Indian-style palaces and
temples since ancient times. Those features have subsequently inspired modern ar-
chitects like Le Corbusier, Antonin Raymond, Benjamin Polk and Geoffrey Bawa to
cite just a few. Climatic control elements were well suited to the craftsmanship of tra-
ditional architecture but their use as industrial products that could be prefabricated is
more controversial. Not only has the climate changed since the origin of Indian-style
architecture, but also the use of glazing has increased in an alarming way and thus
the need to protect the facades is now even more demanding. If this is not properly
done the performance of air-conditioning systems would be compromised and the
lifespan of the windows would result severely affected. Nonetheless, depending on
the type and reective nature of the shading system selected, undesirable effects for
ventilation, comfort and especially for day-lighting tend to occur in the space that,
paradoxically, we are trying to protect. In this paper, within the context of Indian civ-
ilization we will present the simulation of the radiative eld generated by different
types of solar protection and reective surfaces, especially ponds and systems of lou-
vres or brise-soleil. In the process we intend to extrapolate the procedures for ancient
fabrics to some modern counterparts found in internationally acclaimed buildings
and to obtain useful design insights for future projects.
Keywords: Solar Protection, Daylighting Simulation, Tropical Architecture.
MP0304
An Integral Approach to Improve Ventilation Design of Dutch
Schools
Wim Zeiler
a
and Gert Boxem
Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, TU/e, The Netherlands.
E-mail:
a
w.zeiler@bwk.tue.nl
In the last 20 years an emphasis has been on the improvement of the energy efciency
of buildings. This has also had is effects on the design and construction of Dutch
schools this has led beside better insulation and glazing, to a more compact way of
building and the introduction of new components for heating and
96 Abstracts
ventilation. In more recent years there is a growing awareness of the lacking indoor
air quality in classrooms. In the Netherlands the most popular ventilation system for
schools is exhaust-only ventilation with natural supply ventilation by means of air
grilles or windows combined with convector of panel heating. In a rst study the
goal was to evaluate the IAQ performance of exhaust-only ventilation systems. In 5
Dutch schools measurements were conducted by Loes Joosten in the heating season
for a period of around 7 days [1]. These measurements included: IAQ (CO
2
), thermal
comfort, airow and outdoor conditions. A logbook and questionnaires obtained in-
formation about use of ventilation facilities and satisfaction of users. In a next study
in 11 schools were measurements done during one day, see table 1 OGO-schools [2].
In a nal study another 6 schools were measured by Manuel van Bruchem during a
week [3]. All measurements were recalculated to a norm occupation of the classroom
of 32 pupils.
MP0447
Daylighting from Top-Lit Atrium Buildings in Kuala Lumpur
Ahmad Ridzwan Othman
1
, Azni Zain-Ahmed
2
and Seti Mariam Ayop
3
1
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti
Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
2
Institute of Research, Development & Commercialisation,
3
Department of Building, Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying,
Many studies on daylighting from atriums in temperate regions have been reported.
The atrium poses a challenge to architects designing for the hot and humid climate.
Although desirable in many aspects, such as for aesthetic reasons, attractive to vis-
itors, especially in shopping malls, atriums can act as a greenhouse in hot climates.
However, modern methods and advanced building materials may be used to mod-
ify the heating effect of the spaces within the atrium and at the same time reduce the
cooling needs. Nineteen top-lit atriums were studied to investigate the impact of ther-
mal comfort and daylighting on the concourse level. This paper, however, reports on
the daylighting aspect. A BABUC environmental station was used to measure all the
related environmental parameters. This equipment was used to measure the thermal
comfort levels as well as the illumination on the concourse level in each atrium build-
ing studied. The thermal comfort studies are reported elsewhere. It was found that in
general top-lit (skylight) atrium provides more illumination than top-lit (clerestory)
atriums but can be modied using shading, insulation and other passive design ap-
proaches. This paper further discusses the design strategies used and their effect on
daylighting.
Keywords: Daylighting, Top-Lit Atrium, Illumination.
Abstracts 97
MP0529
Economic Dwelling for the Very-Low Income Population in
ARID Zones and Thermal Comfort in Mexicali, Mexico
Ramona Romero
a
, Eduardo V azquez
b
, Gonzalo Boj orquez
c
,
Ricardo Gallegos
d
, Mara Corral
e
and Anbal Luna
f
Universidad Aut onoma de Baja California, Facultad de Arquitectura y Dise no, Mexicali,
M exico.
E-mail:
a
ramonaromero@uabc.mx,
b
eduardovazqueztepox@uabc.mx,
c
gonzalobojorquez@uabc.mx,
d
rikrdo@uabc.mx,
e
mariacorral@uabc.mx,
f
anibal@uabc.mx
Economic dwelling is a term used in M exico by the State organisms that promote and
grant nancing for the construction of houses for the very low-income sector of the
population. In this work, a characterization of such dwellings in a hot arid climate
(Mexicali, Mexico) is done, in order to relate the environmental and inner thermal
conditions to the perception of thermal comfort. The work was carried out by surveys
to the owners and direct observations of the dwelling, in terms of: physical charac-
teristics, air conditioning equipment used social and economic prole of the family
and their perception of thermal comfort. The results give an up-to-date diagnostic of
the houses in actual conditions of use that will allow the State organisms to take de-
cisions as to the kind of dwelling to offer in the future, in order to lower the electric
energy consumption, and grant a better living standard.
Keywords: Economic Dwelling, Perception Thermal Comfort, Arid Zones, Mexicali.
MP0143
Shade and Wind Like Elements that Promote the Socialization
and the Rooting of the Community Space
Francisco Javier C ardenas Mungua, Martha Eugenia Ch avez Gonz alez and
Reyna Valladares Anguiano
Faculty of Architecture and Design, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico
This document presents the results of an investigation of the morphology, social use,
and temperature of the urban congregation spaces in a neighbourhood of the histor-
ical center of Colimas city. It is about a historical review of the social life related to
the trace and the urban landscape, supported in physical raisings of the fronts and
of some contemporary estates. The current socialization was measured by using ran-
domsurveys and history of life applied to the users of the spaces of congregation. The
98 Abstracts
wind and the temperature of these spaces were characterized by climatic measure-
ment instruments. The past climate was inferred with the change of the morphology
and the building materials.
This researchcontribution is the systemic characterization of the traditional spaces
of social links in Colimas tropical city, where the socialization has been favoured in
synergic conditions of: climate with shade and wind, manners of gregarious life and
urban landscape morphology.
Keywords: Community Space, Morphology, Temperature, Shade.
Session DESIGN SYMPOSIUM Hot Climate, Cool Design
Lead Speaker: Alexandros N. TOMBAZIS (Greece)
Guest Speakers: Anthonio ISMAIL (Indonesia) and
Poul E. KEISTENSEN (Malaysia)
DP0158
Botany Classroom
Philippines
St.Francis of Assisi Primary School was taken as a hypothetical client for the design
of a specialist classroom for the study of plant life. The schools existing specialised
classroom,which features a conservatory, was undertaken as a case study; this formed
the foundation for understanding different requirements and dynamics of conserva-
tory space. The idea of using a conservatory to enhance indoor conditions during the
winter was the main area of investigation during the design process. Issues such as
overshadowing, inltration, and ventilation heat loss were tackled in the develop-
ment of an enviornmental solution. The nal design features the following: a south-
facing narrow conservatory used to store plants and preheat ventilation air; a south-
facing rooight to add solar gains, supplement daylight levels in the back of the room
and function as a stack; thermosiphonic panels installed on the east facade to temper
air in the morning hours, moveable elements such as shutters and shading devices.
Abstracts 99
DP0508
Environmental Responsive Housing: A Multi Family Housing
Project in the Tropical Mega City
Hiroki Toyosaki
1
, Yuchiro Kodama
2
and Yusuke Kuchii
3
1
Graduate School of Kobe Design University
2
Prof, Kobe Design University
3
Graduate School of Kobe Design University
One of he notable common features of traditional vernacular houses in East -Asia is
the space organization of a contrastive space and an intermediate space in thermal
environment. This space organization enable adjusting a thermal intermediate space
to control a thermal comfort suitable for various activities. People always transform
thermal boundary conditions of the environment on the ground of own activities. In
housing development in recent years, the space organization based on its environ-
mental gap was lost and the diversity of the transformation of the boundary was also
lost further. . .
As a result, It seems that the house has been quite break of relations of a natural
enviornment and a neighborhood.
The purpose of this project is
1. To study the space organization of the housing based on the effective natural
ventilation and
2. To proposal the multi-family housing which harmonizes with natural environ-
ment or the neighborhood.
DP0227
Understanding Climate for Energy Efcient/Sustainable Design
Anir Kumar Upadhyay
A Study of Melbourne, Australia
Understanding climate is a pre-requisite for energy efcient design and also to opti-
mize natural energies to create comfortable living conditions. Since climatic data is
often very technical, its use in building design gets limited. Climate classications do
provide a general outlook of climatic condition of a place, however, a building de-
signer needs more precise climate information and hence a rigorous climate analysis
is necessary. This study uses climatic data of 30 years for Melbourne, obtained from
the website of the Bureau of Meteorology, Australia. Bioclimatic chart, Building Bio-
climatic chart, Mahoney tables along with wind roses have been used to understand
the climate and to formulate strategies for planning and building design. This poster
illustrates options of integrating climatic consideration as an integral part in planning
and building design.
100 Abstracts
DP0467
Sustainable Architecture Tool for the Colombian Humid Tropic
Colombia
The Center of Las Gaviotas is located in the plains of Orinoquia, one of the ve natural
regions of Colombia.
These well drenched savannas are characterized by their poor soils, forest res,
long rainy season and short dry season through the year. Regarded to its lowcapacity
for economical product, they are still undeveloped.
However, by understanding savannas ground incapacity for agriculture but its
unlimited water supply and underground natural ltration of rainwater, Las Gavio-
tas Experimental settlement develops a sustainable tool for these savannas.
Las Gaviotas has the history of his own process. This process has been related
with Architecture.
DP0438
Observation of Heat Isand and Land use in Cambridge
RMJM Cambridge
This paper looks into the inuence of land use parameters on air temperature in ur-
ban areas. The spatial structure and intensity of the heat island in Cambridge, UK, are
depicted using a mobile measurement developed for this quantitative study. A mul-
tiple regressions analysis of the air temperature and land use factors was developed
to explore the relationsship between land use and air temperature.
This paper is based on a measurement of air temperature in Cambridge. The cor-
relation between air temperatue and land use element helps explain the heat island
effect numericaly and sheds light into the following questions:
1. Do certain (for example TREES) have a constant effect on temperature throughout
the day?
2. How and how much do land use elements affect their surrounding
temperature?
Abstracts 101
DP0214
A Combined Computational Method for Determining Natural
Tung-Shen Hsie
School of Architecture, University of Shefeld, Shefeld, U.K.
The provision of fresh air in cities is one of the main drivers for sustainability. How-
ever, only limited information on natual ventilation design is available to authorities
and practitioners at the initial stage of planning, and this is having a crucial inuence
on sub-sequent developments. This work is an attempt to establish a methodology
for the parameterisation of urban canopy layers, with special focus on neighbour-
hood scale, by utilising up-to-date Geographical information Systems. It aim to adopt
existing aerodynamics models and physical methods to formulate a quantitative cor-
relation between urban morphology and the performance of the miro-climate, and to
present the outcomes in the formof maps and tables through self-dened GIS compu-
tation. This multi-criteria method will make mapping process swift, feasible afford-
able and effective for decision-makers. The methodology adopted for this study may
be applied generally to provide data in other locations and could make a signicant
contribution to evidence-based policy-making and management.
Session DESIGN SYMPOSIUM Hot Climate, Cool Design
Design Posters Presentation (5 Mins Each)
Guest Speakers: Kevin LOW (Malaysia) and YANG
Pow Sing (Singapore) Round Table Discussion
DP0269
Modern Courtyard Houses
Anir Kumar Upadhyay
A Study of Melbourne, Australia
A study of modern seminal courtyard houses was carried out to identify the differ-
ent ways in which the design of a house can be improved in terms of planning and
privacy.
1. Their introspective nature allows for close grouping in terrace form and hence of-
fers possibility of dense urbanisation and maximum use of urban land
102 Abstracts
2. Courtyard houses also offer possibility for people to directly relate to earth and
nature
3. It provides private and safe outdoor spaces for childrens play and leisure activities
without affecting the privacy of others.
4. Internal spaces open up fully to the courtyard without fear of overlooking by
neighbours.
5. The insertion of courtyards effectively reduces the facade distances where natural
cross ventilation becomes possible.
DP0355
Climatic Dimension in Vernacular Chinese Housing
Jean Bouillot
3 Cour des Chartreux, F21200 Beaune France.
E-mail: arch.j.bouillot@wanadoo.fr
It is remarkable to observe that the chinese climates of the north-east, centre-east and
south-east provinces, obey to the same alternation of cold-dry winters, from Siberian
anticyclone inuence, and hot-humid summers, from Monsoon pacic ocean inu-
ences, despite of the inuences of latitude, sea distance and altitude.
DP0562
Public Living Room Outdoor Comfort in Hot and Humid
Climate
Joyce Chan
United Kingdom.
E-mail: jchan@fosterandpartners.com
The proposed open space living-room is conceived as an extension of a private
living space. As one of Asias most dense and developed cities, Hong Kongs high-
rise urban dwellings place constraints on activity within the home thus bringing a
new relevance to the quality of open spaces in the city.
The aim of this project is to explore the possibility of environmental diversity
within these public open spaces. A wider range of outdoor comfort can be achieved
by providing a greater range of outdoor spaces offering different environments. In
each, the sensation of experience, ranging from privacy to light, temperature, wind
and sound will be considered. Microclimate will be created by zoning the space in
relation to views, air-owand exposure to sunlight. The resulting thermal transitions
will allow for a progressive adaptive approach of those circulating within the space.
The design proposal will encourage use of outdoor space in a dense urban fabric in
this hot and humid climate.
Abstracts 103
DP0168
Effect of Staggered Housing Layout on Internal Airow of
Houses in Malaysia
Noor Hanita Abdul Majid
1
, Hokoi Shuichi
2
and AbdulRazak Sapian
1
1
Department of Architecture, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design,
International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
2
Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Kyoto
University,Nisshiyo-ku, kyoto, Japan
This research suggests that staggered layout as implemented in the traditional vil-
lages is important to facilitate airow and consequently improve the thermal condi-
tions of internal spaces. The eld data of the parameters related to thermal comfort
at the Malay traditional houses and existing terrace houses are used as a basis of
comparison on the performance of airow at a new proposed terrace housing layout.
Verication of the new proposed concept is done through airow simulations using
CFD method. The results has shown some improvements to the airow performance
that is foreseen to be a positive contributor to the thermal comfort and indoor air
quality performance at the new proposed terrace housing concept.
DP0206
Dube Light Pipe: An Innovative System of Day Light
Trasmission
D.S.S.A.R.R. Faculty of Architecture, University G. DAnnunzio, Pescara, Italy
DLP-New System
Expermental Analisys
Numerical Analisys
Conclusion.
DP0553
Natural Light in Restoration: Use of a Double Light Pipe in a
Historical Building
D.S.S.A.R.R. Faculty of Architecture, University G. DAnnunzio, Pescara, Italy
1. Analysis of the Relationship Between Monument and Site
2. Analysis of Distribution of the Illuminance
3. Experimental Reduced Scale Analysis.
104 Abstracts
4. Integration Between the Modern Technology of Daylight Transport and the Archi-
tecture of a Historical Building
5. Innovative Device of Daylight Transport(Double Light pipe)
6. Experimental and Numerical Analysis to Dene the New Device
7. Elaboration and Application of a New Geometric Shape to Insert in the New Hy-
pogeal Space of Palace
8. Innovative Analysis Procedure
9. Integration Between Technical, Phisics And Historical Aspects
10. Inserting of A Efcient Device of Daylight Transport.

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October 24, 2007 6:53 Research Publishing: PLEA07: Program & Abstracts

2224 November 2007

Welcome and Introduction 09:0010:00 hrs

Morning Break 10:0010:30 hrs

Evening Break 15:5016:30 hrs

Annual PLEA Meeting

19:00 20:30 hrs

Meeting @ School of Design and Environment (SDE), Block SDE3, LT427

Morning Break 10:15 10:45 hrs

Lunch Break 12:3513:30 hrs

Erika Mata and Fabi an L opez

Evening Break 15:5016:30 hrs

Workshop @ School of Design and Environment (SDE), Block SDE3, LT423

Conference Dinner (Transport Provided) 19:0021:00 hrs

Morning Break 10:1510:45 hrs

Lunch Break 12:3514:00 hrs

Erika Mata and Fabi an L opez

C global warming, the im-

C), orientation, insulation, shading, materials and lo-

C. Setting the thermostat higher

C as compared with the sparse greenery area during

. As a result, the difference in the thermal

C. The combination of the

NS under clear sky conditions. Two identical large scale

East and West of true South (Northern

Clower than outside

C lower than room air, while natural

C, and energy consumption for air-conditioning

E). The purpose of this research was to investigate the

Erika Mata and Fabi an L opez

C, that shifts to slightly warmer temperatures by about 0.5

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Sun, Wind & Architecture - CP

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