First Declension Singular Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl.

puella puellam puellae puellae puella Plural puellae puellas puellarum puellis puellis mensae mensas mensarum mensis mensis mensa mensam mensae mensae mensa

Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl.

servus (voc. serve) servum servi servo servo servi servos servorum servis servis

Second Declension Singular puer (voc. magister puer) (magister) puerum magistrum pueri magistri puero magistro puero magistro Plural pueri magistri pueros magistros puerorum magistrorum pueris pueris magistris magistris

bellum (bellum) bellum belli bello bello bella bella bellorum bellis bellis

irregular deus (voc. deus) deum dei deo deo di (dei) deos deorum, deum dis (deis) dis (deis)

Irregular vir (v. vir) virum viri viro viro viri viri viros virorum, virum viris

Third Declension Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. iudex iudic-em iudic-is iudic-i iudic-e iudic-es iudic-es iudic-um iudic-ibus iudic-ibus Singular pes pe-dem ped-is ped-i ped-e ped-es ped-es ped-um ped-ibus pedi-bus leo leon-em leon-is leon-i leon-e leon-es leon-es leon-um leon-ibus leon-ibus Neuter pater caput patr-em caput patr-is capit-is patr-i capit-i part-e capit-e Plural patr-es capita part-es capita part-um capit-um patr-ibus capit-ibus patr-ibus capit-ibus Neuter opus opus operis oper-i oper-e oper-a oper-a oper-um oper-ibus oper-ibus Neuter nomen nomen nomin-is nomin-i nomin-e nomin-a nomin-a nomin-um nomin-ibus nomin-ibus

Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl.

Civis Civem Civis civi civ-e cives Cives Civium civibus civibus

Third Declension (continued) Singular Nubes mons Nubem montem Nubis Montis Nubi Monti Nube Monte Plural Nubes Montes Nubes montes Nubium Montium Nubibus Montibus nubibus Montibus

pater patr-em patr-is patr-i part-e patr-es part-es part-um patr-ibus patr-ibus

Adjectives i. First and second declension a. (like annus in Masc., mensa in Fem., bellum in Neut.) M. Bonus, good Bone Bonum Boni Bono Bono Boni Boni Bonos Bonorum Bonis Bonis F. bona bona bonam bonae bonae bona bonae bonae bonas bonarum bonis bonis N. bonum bonum bonum boni bono bono bona bona bona bonorum bonis bonis

Sing.

Nom. Voc. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. N. V. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl.

Pl.

b. Like magister in Masc., i.e. dropping e Sing. Nom. Voc. Acc. Gen. Niger, black Niger Nigrum Nigri nigra nigra nigram nigrae Etc., like bonus nigrum nigrum nigrum nigri

c. Like puer in Masc., i.e. dropping e Sing. Nom. Voc. Acc. Gen. Tener, tender Tener Tenerum Teneri tenera tenera teneram tenerae Etc., like bonus tenerum tenerum tenerum teneri

N.B.: Most adjectives of this declension ending in er are like niger, as pulcher (beautiful), sacer (sacred) ruber (red). asper (rough), liber (free), miser (wretched),are like tener. Adjectives i. Third declension

a. Singular Nom. Voc. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Plural Nom. Voc. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Singular Nom. Voc. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Plural Nom. Voc. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl.

i stems. M.

Genitive Plural. ium F. N. triste triste triste tristis tristi tristi N. tristia tristia tristia tristium tristibus tristibus N. ingens ingens ingens ingentis ingenti ingenti N. ingentia ingentia ingentia ingentium ingentibus ingentibus Singular Nom. Voc. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Plural Nom. Voc. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. M. felix felix felicem Felicis felici felici M. F. felix felix felicem felicis felici felici F. N. felix felix felix felicis felici felici N. Felicia Felicia Felicia felicium felicibus felicibus

Tristis, sad Tristis Tristis Tristis Tristem Tristem Tristis Tristis Tristi Tristi tristi tristi M. Tristes Tristes Tristes (-is) Tristium Tristibus Tristibus M. Ingens Ingens Ingentem Ingentis Ingenti Ingenti M. Ingentes Ingentes Ingentes/-is Ingentium Ingentibus Ingentibus F. Tristes Tristes Tristes (-is) Tristium Tristibus Tristibus F. ingens ingens ingentem ingentis ingenti ingenti F. ingentes ingentes Ingentes/-is Ingentium Ingentibus Ingentibus

Felices Felices Felices Felices Felices (-is) Felices (-is) Felicium Felicium Felicibus Felicibus Felicibus Felicibus

Singular

M.

F.

N.

b. Consonant stems (genitive plural. um) Nom. Voc. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Plural Nom. Voc. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Tristior Tristior Tristiorem Tristioris Tristiori Tristiore M. tristior tristior tristiorem tristioris tristiori tristiore F. tristius tristius tristius tristioris tristiori tristiore N. tristiora tristiora tristiora Tristiorum Tristioribus Tristioribus

Tristiores tristiores Tristiores tristiores Tristiores tristiores Tristiorum Tristiorum Tristioribus Tristioribus Tristioribus Tristioribus

Singular Nom. Voc. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Plural Nom. Voc. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl.

M. Dives Dives Divitem Divitis Diviti Divite M. Divites Divites Divites Divitum Divitibus Divitibus

F. dives dives divitem divitis diviti divite F. divites divites divites divitum divitibus divitibus

N. dives dives divitem divitis diviti divite N. divites divites divites divitum divitibus divitibus

Comparison of Adjectives Rule Take away the ending i or is from Genitive of the Positive and add ior for Comparative; -issimus for Superlative. POSITIVE durus felix GENTIVE dur-i felici-is COMPARATIVE dur-ior felic-ior SUPERLATIVE dur-issimus felic-issimus

Adjectives in er form Comparative as above, but form Superlative by adding rimus to Nominative Masculine of Positive. POSITIVE niger tener GENTIVE nigri teneri COMPARATIVE nigrior tenerior SUPERLATIVE nigerrimus tenerrimus

Six Adjectives in ilis form Superlative in limus. POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

facilis, easy facilior facillimus similis, like similior simillius (So difficilis, difficult; dissimilis, unlike; gracilis, slender; humilis, lowly.) IRREGULAR melior, better peior, worse maior, greater minor, less plus, more

Bonus, good Malus, bad Magnus, great Parvus, small Multus, much

optimus, best pessimus, worst maximus, greatest minimus, least plurimus, most

Comparison of Adverbs Adverbs are usually compared in the same way as the Adjectives from which they are derived, but with: Comparative ending in ius, instead of ior. Superlative ending in me, instead of mus. POSITIVE ADVERB COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE fortis celer bonus fortiter, bravely celeriter, quickly bene, well fortius celerius melius fortissime celerrime optime

Pronouns N. Ego, I Acc. me Gen. Mei Dat. Mihi Abl. Me N. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Nos, we Nos Nostri, nostrum Nobis nobis

N. Voc Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl.

Tu, you Tu Te Tui Tibi te

N. Vos Voc Vos Acc. Vos Gen. Vestri, vestrum Dat. Vobis Abl. Vobis rd st nd Reflexive(3 person) for 1 and 2 person all the cases but nominative (oblique) can be used as reflex.

Possessive Adjectives Meus, mea, meum my, mine (voc. Sing. mi, mea, meum) Tuus, tua, tuum -- thy,thine (no vocative) Noster, nostra, nostrum our, ours Vester, vestra, vestrum your, yours (No vocative) Suus, sua, suum-- his, her, its, their referring to Subject eius (gen. S. Of is), his, her, its eorum (gen. Pl. Of is) their earum (gen. Pl. Of is)
Not referring to Subject

Pronouns Demonstrative pronouns and adjectives Is, that, Pl. Those, or he, she, it, they Singular M. F. N. Ille, that (yonder), Pl. Those or he, she, it, they Singular Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Plural Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Ii/ei Eos Eorum Iis/eis Iis/eis Eae Eas Earum Iis/eis Iis/eis Ea Ea Eorum Iis/eis Iis/eis Is Eum Eius Ei Eo Ea Eam Eius Ei Ea Id Id Eius Ei eo Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Plural Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Illi Illos Illorum Illis Illis Illae Illas Illarum Illis Illis Illa Illa Illorum illis Illis M. Ille Illum Illius Illi Illo F. Illa Illam Illius Illi Illa N. Illud Illud Illius Illi Illo

Hic, this (near me), Pl. These, or he, she, it, they Singular M. F. N. Iste, that (near you), like ille. Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Plural Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Hi Hos Horum His his Hae Has Harum His his Haec Haec Horum His His Hic Hunc Huius Huic Hoc Haec Hanc Huius Huic Hac Hoc Hoc Huius Huic Hoc

Intensive adjective Ipse, self. Nom. ipse Acc. ipsum Gen. ipsius Dat. ipsi Abl. ipso Pronouns

ipsa ipsam ipsius ipsi ipso

ipsum ipsum ipsius ipsi ipso

ipsi ipsos ipsorum ipsis ipsis

ipsae ipss ipsarum ipsis ipsis

ipsa ipsa ipsorum ipsis ipsis

Sing.

Definitive pronoun and adjective M. Nom. idem, same Acc. eundem Gen. eiusdem Dat. eidem Abl. eodem Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl. Eidem/idem Eosdem Eorundem Eisdem/isdem Eisdem/isdem

F. eadem eandem eiusdem eidem eadem Eaedem Easdem Earundem Eisdem/isdem Eisdem/isdem

N. idem idem eiusdem eidem eodem Eadem Eade Eorundem Eisdem/isdem Eisdem/isdem

Pl.

Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl.

Relative pronoun Qui, who, which M. qui quem cuius cui quo qui quos quorum quibus/quis quibus/quis

F. quae quam cuius cui qua quae quas quarum quibus/quis quibus/quis

N. quod quod cuius cui quo quae quae quorum quibus/quis quibus/quis

Nom. Acc. Gen.

Interrogative pronoun and adjective (Quis? Who? What?) Pronoun M. F. N. M. Quis (Quis) Quid Qui quem quam quid Quem Cuius Cuius Cuius Cuius

Adjective F. Quae Quam Cuius N. Quod Quod Cuius

Dat. Abl. Nom. Acc. Gen. Dat. Abl.

cui quo Qui Quos Quorum Quibus/quis Quibus/quis

Cui qua Quae Quas Quarum Quibus/quis Quibus/quis

Cui quo Quae Quae Quorum Quibus/quis Quibus/quis

cui quo Qui Quos Quorum Quibus/quis Quibus/quis

Cui qua Quae Quas Quarum Quibus/quis Quibus/quis

Cui quo Quae Quae Quorum Quibus/quis Quibus/quis

Indefinite Pronoun and Adjective Quis, anyone or anything Pronoun Nom. Quis Qua Acc. quem Quam Gen. Cuius Cuius Dat. Cui Cui Abl. Quo Qua Nom. Qui Quae Acc. Quos Quas Gen. Quorum Quarum Dat. Quibus Quibus Abl. quibus Quibus

Qui quid Cuius Cui Quo Quae Quae Quorum Quibus quibus

Qui Quem Cuius Cui Quo Qui Quos Quorum Quibus quibus

Adjective Qua Quam Cuius Cui Qua Quae Quas Quarum Quibus Quibus

Quod Quod Cuius Cui Quo Quae Quae Quorum Quibus quibus

The Verb Sum ( I am ) Indicative Mood Present (I am) Sum Est Est Sumus Estis sunt Perfect and Aorist (Perf. I have been) (Aor. I was) Fu-i -isti -it -imus -istis -erunt Imperfect (I was) Eram Eras Erat Eramus Eratis erant Future (I shall have been) Ero Eris Erit Erimus Eritis Erunt

Pluperfect (I had been) Fu-eram -eras -erat -eramus -eratis -erant Future Perfect (I shall have been) Fu-ero -eris -erit -erimus -eritis -erint Imperative Es, be

Pres.

Este, be

Present sim sis sit simus sitis sint

Subjunctive Imperfect essem esses esset essemus essetis essent

Perfect fu-erim -eris -erit -erimus -eritis -erint

Pluperfect fu-issem -isses -isset -issemus -issetis -issent

Verb Infinitive Infinitive Present esse To be Present Participle [none] [none] Perfect fu-isse To have been Perfect Future fut-urus esse To be about to be Future fut-urus, -a, -um about to be

Verbs: English of the parts of the Verb

Indicative Present Perfect and Aorist Imperfect Pluperfect Future Simple Future Perfect Imperative Infinitive Present Perfect Future Participles Present Perfect Future Gerund -ndum -ndi -ndo Gerundive Supines -um -u

Active I love, I am loving, I do love I have loved I loved or did love I was loving I had loved I shall love I shall have loved Love To love To have loved To be about to love Loving [none] About to love (the) loving Of loving For or by loving ---In order to love By or for loving

Passive I am loved, I am being loved I have been loved I has loved I was being loved I had been loved I shall be loved I shall have been loved Be loved To be loved To have been loved To be about to be loved [none] Love or having been loved [none]

To-be-loved (adjective)

1 conjugation Present amo ama-s ama-t ama-mus ama-tis ama-nt Perfect -i -isti -it -imus -istis -erunt Imperfect -bam -bas -bat -bamus -batis -bant Pluperfect -eram -eras -erat -eramus -eratis -erant Future Simple -bo -bis -bit -bimus -bitis -bunt Future perfect -ero -eris -erit -erimus -eritis -erint

st

Regular [verbs]: Active [voice]: Indicative [mood] 2 conjugation 3rd conjugation 4th conjugation Present Present Present mone-o reg-o audi-o mone-s reg-is audi-s mone-t reg-it audi-t mone-mus reg-imus audi-mus mone-tis reg-itis audi-tis mone-nt reg-unt audi-unt Perfect Perfect Perfect -i -i -i -isti -isti -isti -it -it -it -imus -imus -imus -istis -istis -istis -erunt -erunt -erunt Imperfect Imperfect Imperfect -bam -ebam -ebam -bas -ebas -ebas -bat -ebat -ebat -bamus -ebamus -ebamus -batis -ebatis -ebatis -bant -ebant -ebant Pluperfect Pluperfect Pluperfect -eram -eram -eram -eras -eras -eras -erat -erat -erat -eramus -eramus -eramus -eratis -eratis -eratis -erant -erant -erant Future Simple Future Simple Future Simple -bo -am -am -bis -es -es -bit -et -et -bimus -emus -emus -bitis -etis -etis -bunt -ent -ent Future perfect Future perfect Future perfect -ero -ero -ero -eris -eris -eris -erit -erit -erit -erimus -erimus -erimus -eritis -eritis -eritis -erint -erint -erint
nd

S. 2. Ama; mone; reg-e; audi

Imperative Mood Pl. 2. Ama-te; mone-te; reg-ite; aud-ite

1 conjugation Present Amor Ama-ris -tur -mur -mini -ntur Perfect us -us -us -i -i -i Imperfect Bar -baris -batur -bamur -bamini -bantur Pluperfect us -us -us -i -i -i Future Simple -bor -beris -bitur -bimur -bimini -buntur Future perfect us -us -us -i -i -i

st

Regular [verbs]: Passive [voice]: Indicative [mood] 2nd conjugation 3rd conjugation 4th conjugation Present Present Present Mone-or Reg-or Audi-or Mone-ris reg-eris Audi-ris -tur -itur -tur -mur -imur -mur -mini -imini -mini -ntur -untur -untur Perfect Perfect Perfect us us us -us -us -us -us -us -us -i -i -i -i -i -i -i -i -i Imperfect Imperfect Imperfect Bar Bar Bar -baris -baris -baris -batur -batur -batur -bamur -bamur -bamur -bamini -bamini -bamini -bantur -bantur -bantur Pluperfect Pluperfect Pluperfect us us us -us -us -us -us -us -us -i -i -i -i -i -i -i -i -i Future Simple Future Simple Future Simple -bor -ar -ar -beris -eris -eris -bitur -etur -etur -bimur -emur -emur -bimini -emini -emini -buntur -entur -entur Future perfect Future perfect Future perfect us us us -us -us -us -us -us -us -i -i -i -i -i -i -i -i -i Imperative Mood Pl. 2. Ama-mini; mone-mini; reg-imini; audi-mini

S. 2. Ama-re; mone-re; reg-ere; audi-re

1 conjugation Present Amem Ames Amet Amemus Ametis Ament Perfect Amav-erim Amav-eris Amav-erit Amav-erimus Amav-eritis Amav-erint Imperfect Ama-rem Ama-res Ama-ret Ama-remus Ama-retis Ama-rent Pluperfect Amav-issem Amav-isses Amav-isset Amav-issemus Amav-issetis Amav-issent

st

Regular [verbs]: Active [voice]: Subjunctive [mood] 2nd conjugation 3rd conjugation 4th conjugation Present Present Present Mone-am reg-am audi-am Mone-as reg-as Audi-as Mone-at reg-at audi-at Mone-amus reg-amus audi-amus Mone-atis reg-atis audi-atis Mone-ant reg-ant audi-ant Perfect Perfect Perfect mone-erim Rex-erim audiv-erim mone-eris Rex-eris audiv-eris mone-erit rex-erit audiv-erit mone-erimus rex-erimus audiv-erimus mone-eritis rex-eritis audiv-eritis mone-erint rex-erint audiv-erint Imperfect Imperfect Imperfect Mone-rem reg-rem audi-rem mone-res reg-res audi-res mone-ret reg-ret audi-ret mone-remus reg-remus audi-remus mone-retis reg-retis audi-retis mone-rent reg-rent audi-rent Pluperfect Pluperfect Pluperfect mone-issem rex-issem audiv-issem mone-isses rex-isses Audiv-isses mone-isset rex-isset audiv-isset mone-issemus rex-issemus Audiv-issemus mone-issetis rex-issetis audiv-issetis mone-issent rex-issent audiv-issent Verb Infinitive Present: ama-re Perf. Amav- -isse Fut. Amat- -urus esse Mone-re monu-isse Monit- -urus esse Reg-ere rex-isse Rect- -urus esse audire audiv-isse Audit- -urus esse Gerunds: ama-ndum, -i, -o Supines: amat- -um, -u mone-ndum, -i, -o Monit- -um, -u reg-endum, -i, -o Rect- -um, -u audi-endum, -i, -o Audit- -um, -u Present: ama-ns, -ntis Future: amat- -urus, -a, -um Mone-ns, -ntis Monit- -urus, -a, -um Reg-ens, -ntis Rect- -urus, -a, -um Audi-ens, -ntis Audit- -urus, -a, -um

Infinitive

Gerund And supine Participle

1 conjugation Present Amer Ameris Ametur Amemur Amemini Amentur Perfect Amat-us Amat-us Amat-us Amat-i Amat-i Amat-i Imperfect Ama-rer Ama-reris Ama-retur Ama-remur Ama-remini Ama-rentur Pluperfect Amat-us Amat-us Amat-us Amat-i Amat-i Amat-i

st

Regular [verbs]. Passive [voice]. Subjunctive [mood] 2nd conjugation 3rd conjugation 4th conjugation Present Present Present Mone-ar reg-ar audi-ar Mone-aris reg-aris Audi-aris Mone-atur reg-atur audi-atur Mone-amur reg-amur audi-amur Mone-amini reg-amini audi-amini Mone-antur reg-antur audi-antur Perfect Perfect Perfect Monitu-us rect-us Audit-us Monit-us Rect-us Audit-us Monit-us rect-us Audit-us Monit-i rect-i Audit-i Monit-i rect-i Audit-i Monit-i rect-i Audit-i Imperfect Imperfect Imperfect Mone-rer rege-rer audi-rer mone-reris rege-reris audi-reris mone-retur rege-retur audi-retur mone-remur rege-remur audi-remur mone-remini rege-remini audi-remini mone-rentur rege-rentur audi-rentur Pluperfect Pluperfect Pluperfect Monit-us rect-us Audit-us Monit-us rect-us Audit-us Monit-us rect-us Audit-us Monit-i rect-i Audit-i Monit-i rect-i Audit-i Monit-i rect-i Audit-i Verb Infinitive Infinitives Perfect amat- -us esse monit- -us esse rect- -us esse audit- -us esse

Present Ama-ri Mone-ri Reg-I Audi-ri Gerudives Ama-ndus, -a, -um Mone-ndus, -a, -um Reg-endus, -a, -um Audi-endus, -a, -um

Future amat-um iri monit-um iri rect-um iri audit-um iri Perfect Participle amat-us, -a, -um monit-us, -a, -um rect-us, -a, -um audit-us, -a, -um

Refer to Second Steps book for irregular verbs