IF5093 Sistem Komunikasi Mobile: 3G

Achmad Imam Kistijantoro Semester II 2006/2007

IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM

UMTS and IMT-2000

Proposals for IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications)
UWC-136, cdma2000, WP-CDMA UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) from ETSI

UMTS
UTRA (was: UMTS, now: Universal Terrestrial Radio Access) enhancements of GSM
EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution): GSM up to 384 kbit/s CAMEL (Customized Application for Mobile Enhanced Logic) VHE (virtual Home Environment)

fits into GMM (Global Multimedia Mobility) initiative from ETSI requirements
min. 144 kbit/s rural (goal: 384 kbit/s) min. 384 kbit/s suburban (goal: 512 kbit/s) up to 2 Mbit/s urban

IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM

Frequencies for IMT-2000

1850 ITU allocation (WRC 1992) Europe GSM DE 1800 CT GSM 1800 1900 1950 2000
MSS
T D D

2050

2100 2150
IMT-2000

2200
MSS

MHz

IMT-2000
T D D

UTRA MSS FDD

MSS

UTRA MSS FDD

IMT-2000 MSS

China Japan North America

IMT-2000
PHS

cdma2000 MSS W-CDMA MSS

cdma2000 MSS W-CDMA rsv. MSS

PCS 1850 1900 1950

2000

2050

2100 2150

2200

MHz

IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM

IMT-2000 family
Interface for Internetworking

IMT-2000 Core Network ITU-T Initial UMTS (R99 w/ FDD)

GSM (MAP)

ANSI-41 (IS-634)

IP-Network

Flexible assignment of Core Network and Radio Access

IMT-DS IMT-2000 Radio Access ITU-R

(Direct Spread)

IMT-TC
(Time Code)

IMT-MC
(Multi Carrier)

IMT-SC
(Single Carrier)

IMT-FT
(Freq. Time)

UTRA FDD (W-CDMA) 3GPP

UTRA TDD (TD-CDMA); TD-SCDMA 3GPP

cdma2000 3GPP2

UWC-136 (EDGE) UWCC/3GPP

DECT ETSI
4

IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM

GSM and UMTS Releases

Spec version number 6.x.y 5.x.y 4.x.y 4.x.y 9.x.y 3.x.y R99 R98 R97 R96 Ph2 Ph1 8.x.y 7.x.y 6.x.y 5.x.y 4.x.y 3.x.y March 2000 early 1999 early 1998 early 1997 1995 1992 Freeze date (indicative only) December 2004 March 2005 March - June 2002 March 2001 Renaming

GSM/EDGE Release Phase 2+ Release 6 Phase 2+ Release 5 Phase 2+ Release 4 Phase 2+ Release 2000 Phase 2+ Release 1999 Phase 2+ Release 1998 Phase 2+ Release 1997 Phase 2+ Release 1996 Phase 2 Phase 1

3G Release Release 6 Release 5 Release 4 Release 2000 Release 1999 -

Abbreviated name Rel-6 Rel-5 Rel-4 R00

IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM

UMTS architecture (Release 99 used here!)

UTRAN (UTRA Network)
Cell level mobility Radio Network Subsystem (RNS) Encapsulation of all radio specific tasks

UE (User Equipment) CN (Core Network)

Inter system handover Location management if there is no dedicated connection between UE and UTRAN
Uu UE UTRAN Iu CN

IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM

UMTS domains and interfaces I

Home Network Domain Cu USIM Domain Uu Iu Zu Serving Network Domain Yu

Mobile Equipment Domain

Access Network Domain

Transit Network Domain

Core Network Domain User Equipment Domain Infrastructure Domain

User Equipment Domain

Assigned to a single user in order to access UMTS services

Infrastructure Domain
Shared among all users Offers UMTS services to all accepted users
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UMTS domains and interfaces II

Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)
Functions for encryption and authentication of users Located on a SIM inserted into a mobile device

Mobile Equipment Domain

Functions for radio transmission User interface for establishing/maintaining end-to-end connections

Access Network Domain

Access network dependent functions

Core Network Domain

Access network independent functions Serving Network Domain
Network currently responsible for communication

Home Network Domain

Location and access network independent functions
IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM 8

Spreading and scrambling of user data

Constant chipping rate of 3.84 Mchip/s Different user data rates supported via different spreading factors
higher data rate: less chips per bit and vice versa

User separation via unique, quasi orthogonal scrambling codes

users are not separated via orthogonal spreading codes (uplink) much simpler management of codes: each station can use the same orthogonal spreading codes precise synchronisation not necessary as the scrambling codes stay quasiorthogonal
data1 data2 data3 data4 data5 spr. code1 spr. code2 spr. code3 spr. code1 spr. code4

scrambling code1

scrambling code2

sender1
IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM

sender2
9

OSVF coding

1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1 1,1,1,1 1,1 X,X X X,-X SF=n SF=2n 1,-1 1,-1,-1,1 1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1 SF=1 SF=2 SF=4 SF=8
10

... 1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1 1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1

1,1,-1,-1 1 1,-1,1,-1 1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1 1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1 1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1 1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1

...

...

...

IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM

UMTS FDD frame structure

Radio frame 10 ms 0 1 2 ... 12 13 14

Time slot 666.7 s Pilot TFCI FBI TPC uplink DPCCH

2560 chips, 10 bits 666.7 s Data 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k = 0...6) 666.7 s Data1 TPC TFCI Data2 Pilot downlink DPCH uplink DPDCH

W-CDMA 1920-1980 MHz uplink 2110-2170 MHz downlink chipping rate: 3.840 Mchip/s soft handover QPSK complex power control (1500 power control cycles/s) spreading: UL: 4-256; DL:4-512

DPDCH DPCCH DPDCH DPCCH 2560 chips, 10*2k bits (k = 0...7)

Slot structure NOT for user separation but synchronisation for periodic functions!
IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM

FBI: Feedback Information TPC: Transmit Power Control TFCI: Transport Format Combination Indicator DPCCH: Dedicated Physical Control Channel DPDCH: Dedicated Physical Data Channel DPCH: Dedicated Physical Channel

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Typical UTRA-FDD uplink data rates

User data rate [kbit/s] DPDCH [kbit/s] DPCCH [kbit/s] Spreading

12.2 (voice) 60 15 64

64

144

384

240 15 16

480 15 8

960 15 4

IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM

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UMTS TDD frame structure (burst type 2)

Radio frame 10 ms 0 1 2 ... 12 13 14

666.7 s

Time slot Data Midample 1104 chips 256 chips 2560 chips

Data GP 1104 chips

Traffic burst GP: guard period 96 chips

TD-CDMA 2560 chips per slot spreading: 1-16 symmetric or asymmetric slot assignment to UL/DL (min. 1 per direction) tight synchronisation needed simpler power control (100-800 power control cycles/s)

IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM

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UTRAN architecture
RNS

RNC: Radio Network Controller RNS: Radio Network Subsystem

Iu
CN

UE1

Node B

Iub
RNC

UE2 Node B

Iur

UE3

Node B Node B

Iub
RNC

UTRAN comprises several RNSs Node B can support FDD or TDD or both RNC is responsible for handover decisions requiring signalingto the UE Cell offers FDD or TDD

Node B RNS IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM 14

UTRAN architecture
RNS UE Node B

RNC: Radio Network Controller RNS: Radio Network Subsystem

UTRAN comprises several RNSs Node B can support FDD or TDD or both
CN

Iub
RNC

Iu

Node B

Iur
Node B Node B

Iub
RNC

Node B RNS IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM

RNC is responsible for handover decisions requiring signaling to the UE Cell offers FDD or TDD

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UTRAN functions
Admission control Congestion control System information broadcasting Radio channel encryption Handover SRNS moving Radio network configuration Channel quality measurements Macro diversity Radio carrier control Radio resource control Data transmission over the radio interface Outer loop power control (FDD and TDD) Channel coding Access control
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Core network: protocols

VLR MSC RNS GMSC

GSM-CS backbone

PSTN/ ISDN

HLR

RNS

Layer 3: IP Layer 2: ATM Layer 1: PDH, SDH, SONET UTRAN

SGSN

GGSN

GPRS backbone (IP) SS 7

PDN (X.25), Internet (IP)

CN
IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM 17

Core network: architecture

Abis
BSS VLR

BTS

Iu
MSC GMSC

BSC Node B BTS

PSTN

IuCS
AuC EIR HLR GR

Node B Node B

Iub
RNC SGSN GGSN

Gn

Gi
CN

Node B

RNS

IuPS

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Core network
The Core Network (CN) and thus the Interface Iu, too, are separated into two logical domains: Circuit Switched Domain (CSD)
Circuit switched service incl. signaling Resource reservation at connection setup GSM components (MSC, GMSC, VLR) IuCS

Packet Switched Domain (PSD)

GPRS components (SGSN, GGSN) IuPS

Release 99 uses the GSM/GPRS network and adds a new radio access!
Helps to save a lot of money Much faster deployment IF-ITB/AI/Feb 6) Not as flexible as newer releases (5, 07
IF5093 GSM

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UMTS protocol stacks (user plane)

UE
apps. & protocols

Uu

UTRAN

IuCS

3G MSC

Circuit switched

RLC MAC radio

RLC MAC radio

SAR AAL2 ATM

SAR AAL2 ATM

UE
apps. & protocols IP, PPP, PDCP RLC MAC radio

Uu

UTRAN

IuPS

3G SGSN

Gn

3G GGSN
IP, PPP, GTP UDP/IP L2 L1

IP tunnel
PDCP

Packet switched

RLC MAC radio

GTP UDP/IP AAL5 ATM

GTP

GTP UDP/IP UDP/IP AAL5 ATM L2 L1

IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM

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10

Support of mobility: macro diversity

Multicasting of data via several physical channels
Enables soft handover FDD mode only
UE Node B

Uplink
simultaneous reception of UE data at several Node Bs Reconstruction of data at Node B, SRNC or DRNC

Node B

RNC

CN

Downlink
Simultaneous transmission of data via different cells Different spreading codes in different cells

IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM

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Support of mobility: handover

From and to other systems (e.g., UMTS to GSM)
This is a must as UMTS coverage will be poor in the beginning

RNS controlling the connection is called SRNS (Serving RNS) RNS offering additional resources (e.g., for soft handover) is called Drift RNS (DRNS) End-to-end connections between UE and CN only via Iu at the SRNS
Change of SRNS requires change of Iu Initiated by the SRNS Controlled by the RNC and CN
Node B UE Node B

Iub

SRNC

CN

Iur
DRNC

Iu

Iub

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Example handover types in UMTS/GSM

UE1 Node B1 UE2 UE3 Node B2 Node B3 RNC1 3G MSC1

Iu Iub
RNC2

Iur
3G MSC2

UE4

BTS

BSC

Abis

2G MSC3

IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM

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Breathing Cells
GSM
Mobile device gets exclusive signal from the base station Number of devices in a cell does not influence cell size

UMTS
Cell size is closely correlated to the cell capacity Signal-to-nose ratio determines cell capacity Noise is generated by interference from
other cells other users of the same cell

Interference increases noise level Devices at the edge of a cell cannot further increase their output power (max. power limit) and thus drop out of the cell no more communication possible Limitation of the max. number of users within a cell required Cell breathing complicates network planning
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Breathing Cells: Example

IF-ITB/AI/Feb 07 IF5093 GSM

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UMTS services (originally)

Data transmission service profiles
Service Profile High Interactive MM High MM Medium MM Switched Data Simple Messaging Voice Bandwidth Transport mode Bidirectional, video telephone Low coverage, max. 6 km/h asymmetrical, MM, downloads SMS successor, E-Mail 128 kbit/s Circuit switched 2 Mbit/s Packet switched 384 kbit/s Circuit switched 14.4 kbit/s Circuit switched 14.4 kbit/s Packet switched 16 kbit/s Circuit switched

Virtual Home Environment (VHE)

Enables access to personalized data independent of location, access network, and device Network operators may offer new services without changing the network Service providers may offer services based on components which allow the automatic adaptation to new networks and devices Integration of existing IN services
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Some current enhancements

GSM
EMS/MMS
EMS: 760 characters possible by chaining SMS, animated icons, ring tones, was soon replaced by MMS (or simply skipped) MMS: transmission of images, video clips, audio
see WAP 2.0 / chapter 10

EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for Global [was: GSM] Evolution)

8-PSK instead of GMSK, up to 384 kbit/s new modulation and coding schemes for GPRS EGPRS

MCS-1 to MCS-4 uses GMSK at rates 8.8/11.2/14.8/17.6 kbit/s MCS-5 to MCS-9 uses 8-PSK at rates 22.4/29.6/44.8/54.4/59.2 kbit/s

UMTS
HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access)
initially up to 10 Mbit/s for the downlink, later on 20 Mbit/s using MIMO(Multiple Input Multiple Output-) antennas uses 16-QAM instead of QPSK
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