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1.10
0
8tHI>DG?AY
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Temperature [C]
JC iM A E0qQ;!,>ûTQaM/4

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300
250
1.50
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1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
3500
3000
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2500
2000
-1
Wavenumber [cm ]
1500
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1000
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150
Heat flow [mW]
125
100
75
50
25
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Temperature [C]
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0.018
0.016
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0.014
0.012
0.010
0.008
230
oS:0]
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
310
320
330
Wavelength [nm]
n "!w"# $wKK%1$"&" '"(

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0.4
20C N2O
130C N2O
HNF in 130C cell
log(I0/I) [-]
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
200
210
220
230
240
Wavelength [nm]
3oS 054*6] hS7]" Y8#9+5$:;fp<;Si $GS =-w =" *"(

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d
0.25
initial HONO (and NO2)
t=0s
t=13s
0.24
log(I0/I) [-]
0.23
0.22
NO2 after 13s
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.18
330
335
340
345
350
355
360
365
370
375
380
Wavelength [nm]
3oS054I4 J"# $wKKK1;S5 #pL

* C01
8KA<&!8!GJM"N 5h
O+
$3=9
/ QP5< FS <" K;RSd
dadfeghiCj"kiClGm&nomip
MS=
0.13
0.12
No ignition
0.11
0.10
log(I0/I) [-]
0.09
0.08
0.07
Ignition
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
Wavelength [nm]
3oS7]54a0 T"$ $wKKU$w&S5 pV

* $Cw
*<aWX! YM =55h}dpi
w"&*
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1.0
log(I0/I) [-]
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
HNF
Condensate
0.0
150
200
250
300
350
400
Wavelength [nm]
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products: HONO,
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400
300
200
H-transfer
transition stage
100
H-transfer products
Aci-NF and hydrazine
0
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Regression rate [mm/s]
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6mm pellets
NAWC data
10
0.1
0.1
10
Pressure [MPa]
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TR9W+jl69+bR+j99W(6j+%3j9W|,v96|6b96W690W]cb[vF(|4Wj96W
6946TWj6|69+j99+6+99j6v9+%(|,+j999 (WjC6 (99b9W969gj+%

d% Y d I ]+9W69|9bjj9] jb+4(`%vj|,z((9|6[|99v9%v
RWbW9v%(499b9W969gj+%v6j99 #N (9(9|6[|99]+||RWbW9jz. +|
(69+bR+j99W.W9jj|%(z969969gj+z99b+bj+696j9(96(j9b`jb+
99b9W69gj+%39+6W9(|]+6%(6jve
dgfjh
]9*jb++4j++W6
(96b6+%%( j69 lik
j.++j9bj(b9bg%+(+6Wj(9bW9]CWlb6W*,
((9z99b9W6bgj|jb+b96W9Wb jb`j9+b*%,(|]+6%(9bj9z(|96%(
(+6R+9WWb+]++j|(b9|]++j9bj(9b+b+6bW96bgj|jm
l.(6+9bW
9+9%(9.69+bR+j99W+6+6>69%09`%66j+b9(|]+6%(6.j(j9+
9 %69b+b9bg%+(+]+((9bjzC99|6Wj096|666690999o n9
6bgj|(|]+6%(6vb+|(9+b jb(9+b jbW996|6b96%
j+ %963j1(9z+(|+
(|]+6%(6j(j9+(W(9+9+9b+ j9Lj`j6jv..Wjb9+|++
9 (+b9W(9b9bgj|(+]+((9b%39b+6b96|j]A
# p'rq0[$
' jW%9 jt
sW]
jb96|t6bgj|(|]+6%(6v% dgj9W|,9b+6b963%WR6|9j*j|vv
uw#g#Px
996|6b+6j9W|696bgj|6+|(%6963j dl&%y
#%6
l9+96+(%6(9j+|9(j %(9(9|6[|99#[|6W+6+496(
%6jWj69W6+|(%696|z69+9+9b+`j6%`(9+99|6jj6j9%,
czR { u r| ~} ! "
800
700
Temperature [K]
Thermocouple visible
CO2 trigger
600
500
Bend around
340-350K
400
300
200
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
Time [s]
r")+*-, .0/s 1>4 -=P?6wA8RG8RDC>EO=;\?(y,G=m80]w6CP?_8L;g>=P?bwi8RG8RGCFEO==*w=+{9{=+{639 u{C=PEVE+=0;

3 r y
750
700
Ts [K]
650
600
550
500
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Pressure [MPa]
r")O*-, .0/s 13k4 }&?L]gy,B=N;Y=*wC=P?*y;6&?_=8:]?L9639Um9>= y; uyK ]i&9:;\6O8:98:]FCF?_=PKTK &?_=
u r| ~} ! "
9 +%>6b+jbb%W>g|b((+W|6l6`j j.++j9bj9(.%bW6+9j(%6Wj`(

(+6R+9W+vW69(j9++19C| []+bW+(4+b+j6bW|%4 j*9b+6b96%
9]W6469 WlW9]9o ntj6696|69j( [|6|,64(`369+ 9W|j9:
6|6|6bW |` RW%(R9+Wj|+ j* 96|6b96%0(9#]+bW+%b+] %6+
9(6%(bgj (b+6.j(jW9|
lTj jb+(t(j9W|b(jb6+99b9W
(bW9|+:Wj96+j:T+|(+||66jz9j66W0W9o n%6`jb+j69%,
j%jb%6Wj((|]+6%(6v(9( %1%46|+W0W9:9 b[9+bj%6(Wj9z+b
C96]%W+jbWj6j+.6`j(9+(%6+ jb96||,z|66j+
9((%9]+9%69
d e099c bzW j9b+%W(|(j (]|T+|69|
99(. j+*`jW %|+|64W(|99|96|9`jbj7
j.++j9bj>699[99Cj6
9+%(9(9+99b6Wx %b(b+b6+9WWx9(9(j9jr
l69(b+6(6j9
+9xt+(%*`j6jW+l6t(999b9Wb9bg%+W4Cb|9 j9b+jW9|6+j6| 69+i
j:6+bW*j9|v9*t [9%W9(9v9jbt|9tW(9+j66+6+|(%69696%`W%y
9
jb96||,6%v 99j6 %,99 %6Wj99j6(6j96(%
n#g%*v,9+b|Cb
.W.j6b9|t(`%(93b999| [`j9bW. %96|(94b+ jb4jb66+b6|z6+b+z99v6
(6+b69%.(]+W (+Wbv
+bR*j6+j66j9||@ `j|+ |(Wj9+9[69+b
W3Cb(+|RW+9|j(W+|(j*,.|699b+bj+xW(9m
ft(%9+|l%9
9jW (9 (j9W|+9jb+(j9+` tjb+3jW96jb 6%(9t9
%96|zW9|W(|6`%1b66|66|(9Wj6|.6jW+|`64|*%WW.(9|(j*,W996|
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g(9W%(W b|+W|j9(9|W9b(bW9[(Wj9>W4:%%>9+b(+%96b|W
WW6]+b6|W6]+ (b (|%9|W||(b9v(6j96(9jb3W9|,6`|Cb 69W(+6%(6j

99+%v`jv`jvjWb j]+|9+b+bW]+Wz 7
uw#%& xvv9jbzC6 69`jb6
:jm
+9j]j69b9bgj|j069`j.jC9x(|WW6%999Wbt9j+"
W +Wb6Wjj%b(696+(*9|W9W9|6|+9|C6 4499WW6|66.j
%b(696+6"R(9bjl: jtv|%jW9%(z(946+b+9|3j(9|646j9 j(
+Wb6t6]+ (6 j>v%z %69b+((b+6jW6Wtb||(b|(|+
9
7+Wb6Wj6]+ (b9 099 fx69t6jW*j9(Wt|99(
W6+6+%6++<
l6969+R3
nlx%9<
d#9%9
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`%69(%>j4:% +Wb6Wj`j99|[
lT j99(136(v
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91`j96`%lj6TR9 jvCj99W96]+j|6bW6]+ (6~
lT(99|+[R 7M# lg b#
9.W(|96|66`j9z%>vj94v%63RW69W%
9+v j96|b|99bW9|99(6|6W+t96+W`j||6|
C6j (96bgj|j.W:j3Wz%6(j*9|((9699b9bg%+j]jb++(
b`j9|G
(v6bgj|j9+W6bWj69W:jz.j.%666W(|((9+Wb6Wjj6R9W9
u# 0 x
j9%.(WW3b9Wx0W19<#j`(WjCj6996|6++%6R99oW(
v.:W(9gj|z(9%4b[99 *969Wz96|(#R((%|v.%6+Cb (99(6%C6 96W
(6R99|6W9b[|+b+
u~ e <} 7 ^z
OH
CN
NH
NO
O2
200
CH
250
300
350
400
Wavelength [nm]
r")O*-, .0/s 13k4 uv=*wm6VKTKL6+809AKC=+:;\? %w

gT
gG8w&KG;\6O8:9y;y%w6+=P9-;kCF?J=@KLK+&?J=b
e
[9i
19`
9%96b(b||(b9 +]+996|j+6j`j6j (|6G 0R|jj9b6W9++W+

]+9SC'j9b+b69bj06+|(%696j9x6]++++9|+(6%(:#0j`%6+9j6
9 (+b969t6]+|W+WC(j (9+W9+|+66jb6,9 (t96|666j`%6W+j(
j9(|]+6%(6j9t6+|(%696Wj*j9+C6j 6|%6jt+j9|W(S
gj6b99
j.@ |j9W(bW96W`
3j+693`%6tW|9j(C.(3j9b66W1[(46]+|W+|9|+(6
( j(9|]9|6+6W+,|9j66jl(9 jb96|6]+ (6(69W%(|b||6(
|9+6%(|Cb []+bW+*j16+b96
udbR dgn[` dR #jk
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9`j(b9|696jv996W9%j9+9b+6b96W6W 0W9 #9
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44B
(9+b jbW9x96|6b96%z69|66]+|+(b9|j9L(9`j6b :j
j]3(9969969gj++j6+6(999b9Wb9bg%+j
.0~+/
lT96 [9(9,(9Aqlj6B<Su#&d0xjCj99(`(9`j(+]+((9bj
v66|v(%9W9j]j(99b9W69gj+%9v9R+49%vb j*(9`jlj9%`%(3:j

(|]+6%(6Ng6|4099od ~l.j%66|(9%69v:j(+]+((9bj,j j6+,
Y50 T\0oJ0>OLRoBF5J:_0T:\0D\o\ imJ@J5&T"\TBOTo"k+oTGLV
u r| ~} ! "
r")+*-, .0/s 1\`k4A C6 {=G86WwyU=PK80]9>=#y; uB8w&KG;\6+809vu?_8wEO=P]Y;7;Y8?L63U>;T3 r y,

c z r yw r
y y9]{i" r y[
6 vv6+j|6W9|ltC9(9|36+bj(9vTb669 (9bjvv57zzj9b6[(Wj [|6"
+(+6+j6bW+[ 96]+ (b (|.j6 z9t(+|z69mS[# S[3## S[ Sod
#j3 #%9
[4`j99zj(9 _r4_ 6(j9b6W
4969(%`jRbW4j(`%*[(9j9b6[(Wjj69p
S[ v9j9 j9] jb+(t](R
9e9W%#j9+ (9gj|6`%+v 69b699W69v :j jWb
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(|99(j6|69
j+ %96jl69W|`(9
S[ j6b(.jz9jz9b+Cj
6|99 (Wj %69`%([
lT jWlj(9#]+bW+(369W9+v+b6j+9|x]++j96j(
96+|(%696|4j9b+6b96|m
g|WW6`j1j9499+96j9+W9,#9+b|Cb9j9
j69v#]+bW+(j96j66W`%66+99A
C99W9+j]+9R.j%96b(Rb|++W
C(%|(t99(b`j9W,.j]b(j j9.jzW|Fzj(9`%(966W99
9 %69b+[W~%jWj(94 C6j|6Wxj](996]+jb9bgj|
jvC99 (j0(9+9b6W96|666|W0W`93 #&#9W`9bb9v(`v(
[W9o4 WC6j|6W 9+|6+j6|6W+6+j6996|666j96|%6j9b6[(Wj
] j9+(W9W+%(z(`%69v6+|(%6964.j+646j9Wj`%6Wj[j9t69+b|Cb4(9j
`%6W:j6+|(%696zj.96|694 %W+%6Wj693j9bW[(vzC6j|6W9|`jW
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(9%.W]6bW96b j*(+]+((9b+.|Wb(69j9%`%(:j(+]+((9bjRj9b(W
` jbv C6j|6W<
uw#&dx9t6+j6Cj(W6`%vj [W93 +|+j9
C9|6]+|W+jbW F(b j 6694l9+b|Cb69t9x. (b j*G ,9W969
+j996W+,W(`.(vv++j]6|64j9 9.b j (Wj.jjb+9|6 ( j
9|(6j%9`jb9 |(696+6j9+b jbW (9`j(|]+6%(9bjj6(9%(
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6]+|W| j6+69vC(%|((b+99|9*g%b(|C96(jW++09b9 #69
(v9|+6+j63%(9v4 +++6(%6Wt%(93v 69gj+$
gj9+6+b69b#34
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u~ e <} 7 ^z
#
#
#
c
+

#
gd
#
q6+b69bhu'rqlx

#
r")+*-, .0/s 1\4 y 6wtjw wA80EO= ] ?(y,0;O6O809639y utwA809>8JCF?_8JC=PEVEy9-;Z:ywi=lwA= yK+&?J=|{
y9 KJ80?C;\6+809
#
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#
4W*j9|umx
r")O*-, ./s 1O54" wi80E+= ] ?*y0;\6+809twA= yK+&?J=|{ y9K_80?C~;\6O8:9y%w6+=P9-;kCF?_=PKLK+&?J=b
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l.j9+|W9|x6#|6693T(%9W+jW%69! _ "#%$#'& ( P "# #%$ 4`%9

jb99&n t99`9j6+b+|9+Cb69! J "#)$ +* ( @ "# #%$ 4`j9j69
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j TWj6|.9jbW9#
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99W9(j*jt(99+bWb+Wj6|zWzjb99&n 99 [+|[(9z.jv%[
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ll
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/ (6j9b(S
10$&n fgb9%99|>9.(6j9b([+9.(6j932kli6`j+
j9WW9+]+9+4(|]+6%(6j0W639#:d69v69 %69b+#[+(%(6]+|669
jb99 n9 W (`%94 -j%W
j.99b+99b9++j`%6Wbx(69+j6|6W+jb||6(
C6j (
2kli`jb396j(j
uw#gb0x
j+j`%6W(93(+b|( jj9 []+6|*jb||6(
Wz+j`6+(`%(9+b6||46j9 jW [+(|4`9(9|66%]69j%6+z6%(9+j
]+jW9(%6+669+bv6|69(|9W6]+b6|3`6|6+|9+v6]+|669 C [|*(Wj
( / T6(j66WW6W099 # 9
R 2(6)
R 1(10)
R 1(11)
R62(7)
R6 2(8) R 1(5)
R62(4)
7
R 2(10)
R62(9)
Q 1(1)
R 2(3)
R 21(10)
281.50
281.60
281.70
281.80
281.90
Wavelength [nm]
r")+*-, .0/s 1O9k4" = P6;y;O6O809KC=|0;\?+jw6V9xytwi=:;:y9>=;:[y6V? | 9KJ=@9&?T9>=P?+ > =NZ

80?_=PK#G =P9]G =0y Ki
w 8:96;R80?J=|{y?J8R9{ z=<9w 8JCtwi=#yK ?J=*wA=P9-;OK 8Q;L;R8wSA !
u yKJ=
#y Eg& EFy ;O6O809K
u~ e <} 7 ^z
#
1600
Intensity [-]
1400
1200
1000
800
600
260
280
>
300
>
320
>
340
Wavelength [nm]
r")+*-, .0/s 1\s 4A 63KC=P?LK_=+{ " ZQ80?_=PK B=P9B=mKL6U9:yE6V9ywA=0;g:y9>=B:[y6V? | 9KJ=@9 &?L9-=P?
P 6;y ;O6O809y ; ;g> = / g EV639>=e80];>= " ;\?(y9KT6;\6+809
9e jb+W>C6(9zjb+96bj9`+6++6|]z(T.b6

W|96|1C $e j9DC$ t W34(9| 6(jbCb| (t6jW>b9+
t|RW99bW+j+91CE$#l >93+9jW9|Wtb9* 6`%694C[+j1],
j(96+|W3[+%(||9W9(6j9W%vW%+46+b+(|W69W3(+6` |+
+j66||6+C69%jRW9%6+zW6+9bTt9R9W9t(Wj6|zb9+ 4,6+9bTj
lT(+6T
9bj`W|.+63j*j9+C6 (3 RW|W6 6(|6|tWWj,6(9W99 ]`W|6
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$
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0Wj96t9 # 63
qF2kliWj+jv69j9`jb%4v %9+b+96|6b96|+
6tW9|6+j6996|666(93 9|96TtW9|6+j6|+`9b69+bb4(93B ,9WW9bW9 3 +R
+|(((Wjj6W+6+j6|z(96|6b96h
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u r| ~} ! "
r")+*-, .0/s 1\R54" ! u6WwyU=@K6399>=#y; uu?J8wEO=P]Y;;Y8h?L6U-;L:,og,XWY<

y 9]t
{ j r y >=y6wyU=PKvy?J=6V99-=+{p6V9>80?T6[Z8:9>;yE{`6V?_=+0;O6O809]\~809>="CF6 =@E~?J=RCF?J=@KJ=@9>;OK
80?T63U639:y ECF6 =PE3K
W,j9(9^2kli6Wj`j[.j|b j:lT39jC9|96* RR+_-jj+ TRW+:j(
6+|9+j](:j"(j+%Cj6W94Wj6jj9(j1]+ %96j:(z(b|
W(9jW| 0W693 # x6(9+j69b+~ [+*%6W6]+ (6 |+6W`%
R[j+` -j%+|TR+9.|W994(j6*W|9j66(b||(b9 +jW|9%6+
2kli`j6
uw#gbx
996]+6b+`9b+b+++Cb 69W:j4C [+*%6Wt%69
q7S .`j99 %69
W093 #[
qF2kliT#]+bW+(.|6j*j9+ 6
a9999%(9Wj+36]j96
jb96%g%b(|jb+b+]|((t(%6+|
(69W9999(9jj+.+b ngn3aa#:f%9
(3 [+|jb+|9t4b9%(.gj(|b((4j
#7
j0969 #:n696jvTR9 j
Wj|j qF2kliT%+j09 vv.`(jW %W+6C99W+9W%(|j]j
(z969969gj+%
j(9W9369zjb+j:Tb+b`j
S #z9 j](9[W9b
2kli
6`j1b(b+9%(:.(TbW`%+9|(|j%9Wb9+|
391|6+36+b69b+3(96%`W|v.|6 |(jj+b9W(9[|W4|9(3
9bV |*j`96||(,6|4099 #:fl969W*,9|6%1(4 |++b jb+.(W9|6 %6W
9b+6b96%a
lT|(6jbx(693c
2kliTbW9j(9d
2 liT6`jb66|9j(++b jb+6
W+6+j6996|6b96%
u~ e <} 7 ^z
gd
P1-bandhead
388.335
LIFbase
Measurements
388.0
388.1
388.2
388.3
388.4
Wavelength [nm]
r")+*-, .0/ s 1OQ254 >=B80?J=:;\6g#yE = @6;y;\6O8:9vKC=+:;\?+jw y 9{(= C=P?T6WwA=P9-;yE4{=:;Y=@?6wm6V9>=|{

KC=|0 ;\?+jw 6V9Ly9<8 U=P9M:[yG=0;E+=P9>==@Eg{`639U ;Y80?# >h
= ZQ80?J=@K B=P9B=0yKwA8096;Y80?_=+{
y ?_8R& 9{ R9w
340
360
380
400
420
440
460
Wavelength [nm]
g")+*-, .0/ih 1O>4jA 6VKC=@?LK_=lknm Z oQ80?J=@KqpB=P9rpB=KL6U9`sE6V9ts9 8 u U=@9M:MspB=0; u EO=@9>=wv=PERk`6V9U

;R80?qp yx%z @p 6;{s ;\6O8:9s;;>= +|1}=~[}S s9rk,>=sk]x >=Es?TU=^C=qs=6VK] ?J84 ;-=Kpqs;T;Y=@?J=lkNEsKJ=P?
E363U-;s ;zY<
< 9x
m zx m r| } !
g")+*-, .0/.h 1OQk4 m H

!^ 6[sU=@K80]59>=s; o?L9639U S x ?J8 +E =P]Y;;Y8e?L63U>;T } xY r s ~
} cx z
} r s!s 9]k } xcz }r s$9>8:9_\?_=PKJ8:9`s9-; | 6[
sU="KL6[Z0=0 a #
x
Lif signal [-]
0.16 MPa
0.38 MPa
0.20 MPa
0.65 MPa
-200
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
x [m]
g")+*>, .0/h 1OQk4 m VCF?_8E+=PK8 ;1s6V9-=lk] ?J8
!^ 6[sU=@KVx
1600
xx e z<} m S z

!HK_%_P_P_F'
'JRq=!l+ ;lr=;;BY_[ ;Y'_YB!YSGY'!lY;Bl;

_
.qM[GP<1GYlBl3S;=l3Y!Y{M]lq;Y;lY G 41 D;!Y[
=!lY [Y!ql_!lY;;ll;;]K;[=[=ÒElY
B[YJlBVYOBr;;;TV=;BlLBr; YBl =!l!
[Y!ql;[BlGY; `YE;+;ll;R)Mr;[l;lB'lY;B[TM
D=;!MPJVYB;3l]lB3Y[l+YlBQl[Y;; Y[K;Yl=
GP
.rlY!G;'Y[B_=G+]l[GYG.P; +BB=l+Y
;;;B[Tr[[q+GY[_Y;!B]Y[Y)Y;Y[;lr;;l
4YllF!E;!YFB;;lB[D;!]l[q'qM[w=KEl[Y[Y;
;Y S ;RY;E!lY;;ll;PBYB;[R;Y]KKYr4YKYBBY
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J3 K[J[OqM]l;! {[OBllT_=
!]l;=;l =;l;.;JYY_[`Y!]l;=;YSS Y =YK[
Bl;B;V
3000
Temperature [K]
2700
2400
2100
1800
1500
1200
10
12
Height [mm]
gR]hy m%PsBoYqqsloYqJ]rqs
s=x
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100
n=0.66
n=1.03
10
n=1.02
n=0.95
6 mm HNF/Al=80/20
9 mm HNF/Al/Alex = 80/10/10
9 mm HNF/Alex = 80/20
6 mm HNF
0.1
10
Pressure [MPa]
R] +5q5z{EC,~r q5qd

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YMr;[l;O; ;S;Yr[=_=O_YBlQYYlB;[[ll]Sq
GYGR.BlSPB=;SqM]Y
%Y;;]lY; S;]lY_
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lYYl_YY[ [q lB]lB[l[l=;rB;[3BYSq;

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qM][O=T;lBlB;[YBrOO;J;lBrS;]lY
%[Y;
!;OP;_=P!XBK S
S[T;SB=BV]O;[[J;
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qlB!l R;Y [YYr;;B;rlY`Y!;Y![O[Y % ;M GY
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lY!> !;Yl J .;;Y[!Y3YE;[[[Y+YrlYYl.=';Bl;Y_Y
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_=; / [[lJY_YSY;Bl+YBE'B[_Yl[Y;'l;Y[lQ
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py^{VYl; ;E;l=
V=!O4Yl{qM];3[B;YYlyG;=[ _y;;;O;Kl;[_=
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py^w[!Y; _=G'Y! [YO;= M I ) F [
[YY;l!+O3;=;V=;Bll;_=;_=+; B;= =YK[
lY;[[l;P;;_=OY)l=SS
R;l%
[

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z{"1R <
/5 }p X g+M
p = 0.14 MPa
p = 0.24 MPa
p = 0.37 MPa
CN-LIF signal intensity [-]
-200
200
400
600
800
1000
Distance above the surface (m)
1200
1400
1600
Gy

!8 #"$5%&' )(*$t+"-,.)/(110C321",*2#465
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qriV%`9ULsho[]s.UkcZq
cpV+\Y9`nX`nt\[uv\wY[xX\*yzdU!\fkU/Y9TUkXhnf![]b{id`|YX[]\;f7TzV%h9V%f!Y9UkhoX-òY9X-f!`j}~3r\;)XU!u[%_ Y9TU^'
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f7TU!b@XòYh|]Y9TULl1V%`sTzV%òUL[%_D;TzV%` `9Xb@XcpV%hoXY9X-UkàuvXYT^W*[]dicU
qriV%`9ULV+\W^\XY9hV%b#X-\*Usho[]s.UkcZq
cpV+\Y9`kB>Yu8V%`WU!fkXWUkWLY[eV+WW [%_.l]h9V%sTXZYUY9[/Y9[eU!+V%c-dV+YUY9TUU!Ukf
Yg8Yc[ushoUkò`9dhoUk`
YT*Uidho\hV3YUU&)s[]\*Uk\1YWU!fkh9UkV%`9U!`8_h9[]b\ e) _[]ha\*UgV+Y8jY[{\ e)~ J _[]ha
+l]hV+sTXY9U%
`9U!UEPX-l*G * STX`'X-`fgV%dòUkWî1/Y9TU{TXl]TU!hid*h9\^hV3YULV+Yc-[ushoUk`9òdh9U!`ke8Y TXl]TshoUkò`9dhoUk`
YT*UU
U!f!YGWX`V%ss.UgV+h9`GV%\WYTUehoUkl]hoUk`9òX-[]\<hV3YUk`vi.Ukf![]b@U dU dzV%c
100
10
9 mm HNF/Graphite=95/5
6 mm HNF/Graphite=95/5
HNF
0.1
G
1
Pressure [MPa]
10
A 921
99" ,<C*$r
7o
d<
Y"$^yH2]Ck1*">$F`y">$">0
STU#fk[]b{i*dòY9X-[]\j[%_qrb#XZYd*h9Uk`TzV%èiU!Uk\b@[WU!c-UkW^d*`9X-\*l/Vmb#[)WXZzUkWjGD q>fk[WU
_[]h J shoUkb#XZ)UkWl]V%àyV+b@U!` }
òUkU `9U!f!Y9X-[]\ 1&_U
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Y9YU!hk`tX-\U
YXfk`B_[%hB\XZYh9V%b@X\Uk`!3Y9[]l]U
YTU!hBuvXY9T
YT*Uvqrb#Ukf7T_[]hTWho[)fkV%h9i.[]\mf![]b{id`|YX[]\V%h9U d*`9UkW} }J }J STU fgV+c-fkd*cpV+Y9X-[]\à`9T[uYTzV3Y
YT*U8h9UkV%f!Y9X-[]\`V%h9U_V+òYU!hX-\YTUl1V+`PsTzV+`9Ufkc[]`9UaY['YT*U8`9dh|_V%fkU8uvT*Uk\El]hV+sTXY9UX`V%WW*UkWST*X-`X`
fgV+d`9U!Wi1Y9TU fk[]bidòY9X-[]\m[+_Y9TU l]h9V%sTXZYU'i1nY9TUeU
)fkU!`9`G[g)l]U!\[+_P)STX-Ù&)scpV%X\`8YT*U
TXl]TUkhidho\h9V+YU!ùvTU!\l%hV%sT*XYUX-` V+WWUkW8Y'TX-l]T*Ukh'shoUkò`9dhoUk` YTUEyzV%b@UX-`'V+c-h9UkV%W*
]U!hofkc[]`9UEY[<YTU#`9d*ho_V%f!U%STUnl%hV%sT*XYUEhoUgV%f
YX-[%\X`Y9[)[<`9c[ud\WU!hYT*Uk`9U@fk[]\*WXY9X-[]\`!PV+\W
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4?[DA

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id`|YX[]\[%_ } J 3aBV%hV3@\uV3X-`GV%c`9[Lf![]b@sV+YXic-UuvXZYT<PV+hV+#\uvXYT<VLb#UkcY9X-\l
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PX-l%dh9E
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`9T*[uvÈV<cpV%hol]U#WXUkhoUk\f!UiU
YruU!Uk\YT*UnYru[/U
)sU!h9Xb@U!\YV%cD`9U!Y9ds`!^8Y{c-[ushoUkò`9dhoUkÈVY9TX-f7t
szV%h9V+#\{b#UkcYBcpVg%UkhX`B_[]hob@U!W{V+YBYTU8i*dh9\X\l'òdho_V%f!U%ST*U8`9b@V%c-c`9V%b@s*c-Uk`PV%h9Ua\[%YPX-\TXiXY9UkW[]\
YT*U[]d*YòX-WU+P`V'h9UkòdcYk]YTUb#UkcZYU!WLszV%hV3@\LsV%hoY9XpV%cceWhoX-s`V+c-[]\l_h9[]bYTUòX-WU!`kVguV_h9[]b
YT*Ui*dh9\X\lE`9dh|_V%fkU+STX-`b@VgU
)sc-V%X-\mY9TU `9c[]sU i*h9UgV+tiU
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)s.UkhoX-b#Uk\1Y`!\ *~ J V%\Wx\ J ]<h9U!`9s.Ukf!Y9X%Ukc%^STUnyV+b@U@òY7V+\W[%X-`fk[]\òX-WU!hV%i*ccpV%hol]Ukh
YTV%\_[%h \UgV+Y6V%cZYT[%dl]T^YTU@V%WX-V%izV+Y9X-fyzV%b@U{Y9Ukb#sU!hV+Y9dh9UEX` `9c-Xl]T1YcZTXl]TUk+
h %~ J
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8YV%biX-U!\Yvs*h9Ukò`9dhoUY9TU yV%b#U òY7V+\W[%jX`GH]]%b<
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z\BSTUs.UgV%te[%_zY9TU qrsho[%zc-UaW[Uk`\[+Y`9T*X_RYPuvT*Uk\EV%WW*X-\lfgV%hoi[]\icpV%f7tr\fgV%òU8[%_szV%h9V+#\
YT*U vq>sUkV%t`9TXZ_RY`{VguVg_ho[]bYTU@idh9\*X-\l`9dh|_V%fkUmV+\Wxi.Ukfk[%b@U!ìho[1V%WU!hk/r\`9Ukf
YX[]\
fgV+c-fkd*cpV+Y9X-[]\`[%_BY9TUefk[]bidòY9X-[]\[%_PV%\WV%WWXZYX%Uk`vV%hoU _dhoY9TUkhvWX`9fkd*`9`9U!W
100
9 mm HNF/Paraffin=90/10
6 mm HNF/Paraffin=90/10
HNF
n=0.91
10
n=1.09
n=0.81
1
0.1
10
Pressure [MPa]
G
A 921
9o" ,<C*$r
9
d<
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>8Q++E,`y">$">0
}%
BC)51'C
HNF
CN-LIF signal [-]
HNF/graphite
HNF/paraffin
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
Distance above surface [m]
G
m
-
7 )()$b+",)@R
}45"332)7X
7oM%& H J

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80
HNF flame
primary flame
final flame
60
40
20
0
100
1000
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final flame
burning rate
60
30.0
29.5
40
29.0
20
0
10
burning rate [mm/s]
Flame heat contribution [%]
30.5
28.5
28.0
100
1000
Oxidizer crystal size (m)
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Burning rate [mm/s]
= 0.90
= 0.10
10
n=0.87
n=0.75
1
0.1
10
Pressure [MPa]
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0.9
Pressure exponent [-]
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
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0.8
1.0
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HGU-14
10
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0.1
10
Pressure [MPa]
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Burning rate [mm/s]
1000 m
10
0.1
1
Pressure [MPa]
10
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?&)>|I?G&D~L>QPA&(7B?G&LG&I(9G&|ID| G)7I?GI|? ??S)?~ILBv>)vLvv)G)C
)WL7o|?GI(&BPqGI&LBvWZ)?&I)D~GI7)>GIKLG)7?(QwB(L&1)N)?E??G&?(>K~&?G&S")>
D~?hU7I(L"7BoKGI((H?hC?>v/LG&DSuv)7(?GIIv?KF"?GHD~I?G9)>I?G7V"LG
D|LGIZ?8UvB(^&OK?ow8=vOJ{ hS }5
)?XEWLqfvOFM5h TIM4h LTI?G&q(HL>BvP?<GIB(BP>?Q?um"GID|)GSf)>
8hL?QI(L?Bf?GI8ILG1/LG1I?NL?>?&??IN?LD| IvI(L-S~ 2 ?v1W7GI(E?B(9(Z?:C
)GID|(?/GIDI?1&IhP&)7)E??GI>(?KGI7)7> x>S?Y[ n b1L9D|Dgf1?G&(?K)?GI
)?B(?B7I(L>)?ZW7Bv?Z~ 2 (>L?U
c^]%$]
i)}bjZdb?d
& ?D~D~GP7)?v??>9"7)F?I/LG9)>Bv?B(7)vL?(9KLvWv7E?B(qA ?<?AC

IPLS 2 S?G&&IV B(B(8)(B(uGJI"z)"VS??|)F&DBvBWLLv?<M <WA
^1HAK37DUT8f?Z)>GID~BL??>)WAvP<7?qI"?"7vP?GIIIFV B(Bv)
uGID~I>GI~EP|?&LhCxG&GEP|?7??BvID|)>h{ }4?wID| G)7I?GIw? ??>
"I?Iv"^>7fv>?GIh(D~7)HEP1Bv(?GG&B(7)vL?^)>GID~BAL>??IvWAvPJGIQ?(G&
(ZD|LG&LD|?B(v7IR>zuvB(BEN?(&?&I(RII(Lh hN?NL?>?&??I|8)vW7C
)vL?G&KPq?<>7G&Bv&GI/G&LD W7B(?^GIQIBvP?GILL&</LGH)7>PLDHE??)vL
D|h?BV{ ^17}5$?WGIB(B?7wGIB(7I(<)>L???IF?"7I(>?)>GID|("V
?LD| IvI(Lv)QPA?GIv??|?vIGI/LG&D vo??I?G&D~vSA$(fI?D~Bv)v?KZV?
Kf>"I>GILG)(uGI7B(>B7IHEPHI?1hwC8u(o^fC=ZI?G&D7B>Q?vB(vE?GIv?D ?GI7C
KLGIDJ?W7B(?J/LG1)?N:>L?)("B?G&8)LGS~ 2 uvIRI?(Z?7U&v~ 2n b `
7S?/LGNGIKGI&IvLGI7)b1LD~D7I7b x>o?J?BvP)?GBv(E?GI7)vL(WLBvW
(I?9&?G&ID| G)7I?GI L k 71b xF{OL}4>9I>G&JG&y")WAvPqYu^7I8I
>1q{O`1}5$I)"Iv?1I?1>GIGID~A?B7B(>B7I "vx MT8Sh?7B((E>G)7I(LN/LGY[$WO "vx v
?&)GPL
c^]%$]`
gjZk|d|&l=jZdb"l=gi
?<D|h>B>GI&)>GI<&?uNBG&KL&(D|(B7GIvPuv))?q?BvPQ)vBo&IhPQCc&)7)g >$C
D|h?B??G&I)(NI)vLU1>h?vfD~A?B>?I?vKL|IvW77I(L?G&KPNPhD|>I)v/LGf)>
??>I?"&S?XI>uKLAhXKLG&D~Qu)q8hGIvD~UB?7U>
58^Hq9B
VvKL?GIh I?uI?B(?B)&IhPJG&KLG&&I(HG)7I$VSLD|"G&uvI98hG&(D|UB
"7)m{ Q }4mV(KL>GIXh LD|"G&N)?q8hG&(D|UB?7UuvII?G&&?BvIN/G&LD I?D|A?B
M:h GI(D|)B^GII?B)H/G&LD =^{ 1}T:?qGII?B)H/G&LD I?&X:h GI(D|IHuGIq?II
F
Q!SR !T

xfGILGP
A
APADHELB
oBv? w?v
h8
1?&vP
2
h"?"7vP 2
b 6 bL QM "ew L T
8
7
2
L??>)WAvP
&I8)vLFA
V"GIQ??P<7)G
~s 2
b
2
8)vW77I(L?GIKP
I
2
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C
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LL
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Y
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7
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vv^/L??<I"7wY n b1>
58e^q9B
? GII(Bo/>?I(Lu?vU?&G&(EH)>I?I)vWAPwF>GILBvB)R:hIG&"BM/"GC
D|L?(Ty"?I"7I(?KF&(KL?B$()?G&& L>I/?>)vLTHXûFPh>(7B:hIG&"B>(&I?GIE??
G&?G&&I?G&Z?~8A)GI"B?7y?h SAu)LGIG&& L>?(?KGIIL?&/??8)(?zW1?FfV"LG
ID~BvB-?v&)>GIE">SJbbb S?I?GI& ?I/??8)(?wGIZKLWLEP
z n
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M4h T
Y[NY [ b
M4h T
L`v
?E"G&(<)?EWLQ"7I(L>(??v7I1)vD~ZWG)7KLW7Bv?
L8h GIvD~QIZG&HG&GIvFLh1uvI~y"?8)")(>K<?7NMB7IG)Ty"A-Vv?B(v?ID|C
I>GI<I?(^&7CB(Bv~B&GCcGILvB G&IL?&Z/GILDV { 17}4fEZE?Bv)LD|"GI?(^G&&?BvI
uvI)?<D|h>B4OHG&I>Bv)S(>IIG&P)LWLG&|)?<D|&?GI/GIq7D~?BvvI??SMB&T8S
)9(?UU7?L>GIKGI&IvL<G)7IS?Y[:M&T8S>>I(>KD~LD|I?D L?&GW)(q7I?ZE??G&?(?K9I?G=C
{ L }
"[
MB&T n M 2 Y[:M&TIT : y
M4hT
u?GIAs(o)?Z?>vWLGIIB-K7^L>&U7QS " [ v)>1KID| G)7I?GI7Sqv)>1?GII&?GI7S?
)>D~LBv?BGwu(KL$I?LD9E??&I(L>GIA??IH>|D|7I?G&D|GII?B)ZVv?B(v?IL
n

Experiments
Model
rb [mm/s]
10
0.1
1
Pressure [MPa]
10
B9 ! 09J*7#&%(680'~028<.76#8.q63=.X#I'>%('>#>3=.)602 f%c3q3, .<0?.U, 6

#:.U67,c356
G&|G&?G&&) LCcI7C)?G&?&JLI(BvB7I(L?HMmNT8NXQWGJI?&GII?B)Z)q)>
GIIL?&/?>)vLXB((>G&(<GIB7I(L<v?I
"[
2
F n ??MB : LY [ : TZN n >Y [ Z y
M4h T
:
@ @
u?GI (qL?U?&|I?)D~GI7)?G&|?zD~LBv?BGD&GIN?J?GI7)BvP
Q?u)?E?>GI?v?KZI?G7S (f>)GID|(?H/GILD LD|"G&(&LHEu~8hGIvD~UB"7?
Q?D|GIvB-GI&?BvI$c(^/??<)" n bLL DU7D|Kxf : Sh/LGF(<D|K,7D : S??XY[
(qD|Dg
V(K?GIJh1~LD~?GIwI?J:h GI(D|)BGI&?BvIS"u?vUF"WLJE F?G&h&IF>(I?I&
EWLS1u) )?RQ?D|G&(7BZGI&?BvI ?z?KL?GIR&?uum?-GIXGIIL?&/??8)vL?
?F>IIBv(?q"~E LEhUv?/GILD B(?B7I(L>Nu>GI)??GILBvB|(~?()?G&E
EPR"G&D~?(H&(KL?B4S &U7G&)v?K/GID &IhPQCc&)7)7?&|B(?B)(?G&Q?(G&)"71IWGIB
GIvh>1$)?B(IGy"hGIB(?B)?)(B>PA"D|(HA>(B(vE?GIv?D 8hv&)~{ }5Hwu8WLGS
E7?I^7?)?oB(vD~)&???BPVID|?B(SLV(?Bv(?&L?IB(LK7GIvI?D|(7B(BvPuB(IG
y"?8)")(?f?vD~?^)?7)?1/G&Q??Pq)>>(&I?GIE>(?K&(KL"7B-U">KLwLI(Q?L?&BvP
(R)vD~7N)>(&~>>PA"7D~v|Q?(Bv(E?G&(?D8h()?&uD|&?GID~)9?W
EG&GIvXL>w&Q?D|GIvB-8h GIvD~QIZ?S>G&I?uI?ILBv(qB(v?vVvK?"A1>
?|"KL?G&BvG&BvP&?u9)>~?-GI?~E 8uE)D~8)?A?<>KLG&D~QJuvI)>
8hG&(D|UB-"7UN(G&&L"E>BvPlf?GIIL"7?/GIA>?8P7?qDK?vI??Z)?G&IL?&
/??8)vL7J)?G&&L"?/GIA>?8P(JGI7IL"7E?BvPz?G&?v)EP)>D~A?B4XEW Lw
B7GIKLG?8Wh(7)vLFv1IJ?(Z?8WA7I(LFv18h?B((>EPI??GIINfI?B&G1uG
uvI(>GIIv?K9/G&Q?>PLo?v^???LD|?Lu?vIWG&X7)G^D~"7GI(&L7D|A?Bv(?K
A ! N
5
p=0.64 MPa
rb [mm/s]
p=0.41 MPa
p=0.31 MPa
p=0.20 MPa
1
p=0.09 MPa
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
2
Laser Flux, Qr [W/cm ]
60
70
80
B 9e ! 50 9*#I%(6:0'02q.767#8.z,768.)#);m76I6&%(63.F63=. #&'?%('>F#>3.U6|02

B?0A356=f%c3,z3 .q
0?.U, 6#8.U6,c36N(,(%v' .U6=
?:h GI(D|)BG&I>Bv)S$?I?"7)u?JPLNLGIG&8)/LG)?v98-R^|7F7S
)>(Z 8(EL> ` Su>(UzD7IU?ZI??WA(7)vLE 8uD|A?B?z8h GIvD~Q
|7V"?G)?G7"BvPA&()?vw>??D~?LX(?&)GPX/GNEIIGD~"7GI(&LqE 8u
8hG&(D|UB7?qD~A?Bv(?K9GI&?BvI
N
c^]]'&
o Zf
kelN)b?lgignb]f1kkF)9klNkib?d|~e>kb8})
>D|?Bv$7??GIh(D~7IBvP KLGID-?QC VuGI?GII&q7 JxJ(~?(uvI
<D~D?(D~8)G9>I|)7D~?BvG&BG&KLG)"I?L?>IR/LG1I?|x=VCc8hGIvD~)
?XGIIL/LGHI?(vNI"7I?q IvWED ?D|IGw)>X>Bv)GII??)GI?I>?G~v
EL> D|DSou?(Um(|B(III?01zD~D /LGN)>ID~BvB)D|?B( ?F:h GI(D|IG&
7GIGIv<Lh(I?CcE LD9Ef?Z)7D~?Bv1?LBv?Gu^D|A?v")LUv)?Z?B)GIIL>?
)GI?&??G
V(K?GIqA+F?8UvB(JI?q?BvIG)&L??&I??q?B)G)7IL?>??B(&|G&)G)7?ID|v&)7?
GIvWLEPR wH)GI?I>?GMG&(&L?(91 T8 ?vKLF/GIA>?8PR(1?IvG)E?BvS-I
LE>)(~E&)GI")7BG&IB(>I(L1I?HI?G"?-S "7D~?v?Kv?G&&wuv)/GIQ??PS
u?vUB(vD~))?D~h(DH?D/GIA>?8PL$^ wwI?"D|?(>KZ-I??BvIG)&L??|??BvI$u
hUE?Bv^ )>uWLB(>K)~ I?w?BvIG)&L??uW^v)?wVzv$bZD|DX?v
(I8WLGIB"LG&?G&fD7KL?vI??BG&KLG)"HI?^LE>IGWL~v?Bv?IvL?v9)>D7IG&B M5V(K? T8
c()?GI/GIZ8h8)q)?7^)>Z?BvIG)&L??uWLu(BvB >E 17-IXEQP~)?I(>B(>I(?
?BvIG)&L?L&LN(?I/LGZ?>B(I|KL?GI7)vL7?v?vIBIvKL"Bf7D~?Bvv"7)vLM5hL?v

7
0.16
0.14
0.1 MPa
0.12
Rq [-]
0.1
0.08
0.2 MPa
0.06
0.04
0.3 MPa
0.4 MPa
0.02
0
10
Frequency [Hz]
100
B9? ! ,97,>3.6q.76#:.,68.U#I;5#:.0%(,#8.U64*f0'?68.J2>'35%/0'02 v680,v%

,v%(' .)66f..*6&%v';, >0A3I3.,(%('.9;#Z<0'?%6I%vL';7,
V wRG&F%T:??B)GIIL>LIL D~)I?N??BvIG)7I AwH?N?B)GIIL>?
??BvI:CU>NI(D|v^?8)G&D~v?<EPB)G)7IL?vKGI&IvLX7I"BvPAGM,ZT:SAu>(U
"E>WLB(LXEP7x$">(QwsLWLG&IwI?1)vD~:CC4y"(KL()NHD|7I?G=C
E?Bv^WLLBUK>($(f??EQPHLD|"G&(?K1I?GIy?I?|D|?B("&(KL"7B>uvI~1I?GII?LBv
B(8WLB4cI?ND~I>GIzIvKL"B(Z?vKL?GZI")?vZ)?G&I>LB(W7B(>SvZvL?&(?GIzIXE|
GI8y"8)WL??BvI$N?GI8WLwuGIL>K~~IB(8)vLS"?LBv>)vD~XEZIBv8)-1>GI(>KH)?v
?LBv>)vD~ZI?HD~"7GI(&Lv?717GIGIvF>F)?vwuPFGI8y"8)vL?1fI?9L??Bv(?K~D)8C
GI(B$E >KLBvIM/IV(K?AT:F1?G&(?KLD9E??&I(L)?~)D|?B(|)?vUQ?&?GI7IS
GII?B)v?K9v<9?GIII?Lh)?>IvKL"B5 PA?vB 8h GIvD~Q)BM&IhP?TG&?v
I>u(XVvK?"h>
4
9
465758
,.-0/ +213-2#0% &
"$#% &')( *+

:<;;= > ?

!
B9A@6B N6CgEDFGCIHF!C5JGKLD,=C MNDHOPGQROPCD'?S
A ! N

B 96@3TUB OFVM3M0GOGPSWCXF7C<OZ6GYFVQhZD,6CYHPCI[=CD0F0GQL7D<D6Cz\G?SAM3FVQ>Fg7D]CIHFMV^7H.O?D

SWC_L Q`D,6CaHPC[6CDF0GQH7DD,6C bOH.K\CqVOCGQcSWC_LH6CaHPCD%Qh;MHSMVOPC
C^dQ6COeD6 CJ7 C) F3QdQdF3Q>f
d
GKgD6 CQh
COHPCiCQ6DXFVQ=D$CHM QjD6C^dHO?DdCD$CqD$CqkSWC_ =C
D0Fh
ClM S6OPCHd CD%m C\CIQRS MVOCIOlFVO h
C O HPCnGKLD,6 CSAHGPSWCIMVM Q=DoD,7 Fp _qQ6CIOO
h \rsItvu)s&tv"?rLhwI&IHL?dtv(dxyu7Is&t,lzwds)7I{otvdu|(Qdu ?t}|q~
u|)|tmu~8)"7s|t(7)j5xoFX8I?&Ru~7)\sI(t(\{-)?~L?&I(NVu|">NxoFX v
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u|L t(IZ)N)"f
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u u| tvI(d x
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w178h\ tVtv t)\ sI"7I3 r?d sI \ tVt7Q) u~d tv7?
?d t(vd xhu~7)\ sI t s&|7 tz(zz r {? s&|>7IR)e
u| t)(7 xH) u| s))d s&J)?" sI7|^)?( s&I?d sIII suft}|q xv?&U
I? s\{uvImz. u~ tVt^ u~?~71" sI7|vb
wuI s|A t(vd xR8h\ tVtv7L?)v
?d t(vd xHuw/ s.u| {? uzw?v?<u)i
u~U"?v t >>7)vLqI?) u|d t(7
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sI s&? s4hq |Zv ~ LL :>( tVtvu
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s& xs&$ ~
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s)7I?8) su~v?
w|FI?k
rhv?q3 u x9?Z
t(V xQ1 u|(I&(L7I?k
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7Id s& u|)u\ sIN s.sIvRL>>I(7 xq ~]w?? {- ~U"7?? t"7UqQ?(&v)vL
w s&
~
)vL" tf>& s&d u|)xo ~ L :<?I u~7 t((7 xq! s&Q??\ |zu^7 A7 tVtf"U ~Q?vIvI(L

1
URRA output [V]
3.5
2.5
2
12
12.5
13
Time [s]
13.5
14
B9A@3B O.FvQ;MH.FVQhgzOD$C3jO?Dm7D$CHPCIHPCO.OF0GQC.SWCIH.FiCQ=DI

? ds&h&I(7x&u^sIu^7quls&v&) v w1= ?z"t(x&VxL"t(us&Rdtv)\sI
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(
V x? >(xdsIZ&?^)?s&I7tvsI?(7)vLds&3rsI?&(vw>dsI?vdxN7 nj
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tmt7I s s\{f? rL\ s) xL J u : { u|d tvv)>? J7\ u : 8i
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1
cc(T), c(T), c(T)

c(T)
cc(T), c(T)
all prop. constant
0.98
t [s]
0.96
0.94
0.92
0.9
0.88
0
0.05
0.1
Time [s]
0.15
0.2
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Fit
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Fit
Atwood data
10
1
0.1
1
Pressure [MPa]
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%

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51
US Regression rate [mm/s]
4
3
2
1
0
11.4
11.6
11.8
12
12.2
Time [s]
76 '
12.4
12.6
98
n
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Oscillation frequency [Hz]
10
1
0.1
1
Pressure [MPa]
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Relative length increace [%]
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Temperature [ C]
?{ |
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3.35
Experiment
Model, Ka=1000cm-1
-1
Model, Ka= 500cm
Model, Ka= 250cm-1
3.30
3.25
t [s]
3.20
3.15
3.10
3.05
3.00
12.00
&
12.05
12.10
Time [s]
12.15
12.20
B9/6@ AB
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N=O
rb,model / rb,model ultrasound [-]
1.5
0.5
0
0.1
10
100
Frequency [Hz]
2
:
r8
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US regression rate
light emission
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
14.5 14.55 14.6 14.65 14.7 14.75 14.8 14.85 14.9 14.95 15
Time [s]
2 7 /2 b;j<q u Z IX 3 = d}MEe Z 8C

) ` !2b < e ( : 7id b ;.
7<Z3 d
0.6
corrected US
uncorrected US
error
Finlinson data
0.5
Rq [-]
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
1
10
Frequency [Hz]
100
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Thesis A 4

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Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

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Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Thesis A 4

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

 

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Heat flow [mW]

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Relative enthalpy (kJ/mole)

Overall reaction pathway

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