SPECIFICATION

ROAD WORKS Definition A The following terms shall have the meanings hereby assigned to them :a) b) c) d) e) "Foundations shall mean the stripped or excavated ground surface on which an embankment is to be placed. "Sub-base" shall mean the ground or embankment on which the road is to be built. "Formation" shall mean the prepared and shaped surface of the sub-base beneath the carriageway. "Base Course" shall mean the layer of compacted material resting on the formation to distribute the weight of the traffic. "Wearing Course" shall mean the layer of impervious material laid on the base course, consisting of premix of wearing course aggregate and bituminous grout. "Carriageway" shall mean the metalled portion of the road reserve. "Suitable Material" shall mean material obtained from authorized source or as approved by the S.O.

f) g)

Gradient B No gradient shall be steeper than 1 vertical in 10 horizontal. Crossfall C The surface of the road shall be constructed with a crossfall of 1 vertical in 40 horizontal. The crossfall shall be constructed initially upon the formation including the shoulders which shall have gradient of not less than 1 in 30. Horizontal Curves D Horizontal curves shall be formed as directed by the S.O. and in no case shall the radius be less than 35' - 0".

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ROAD WORKS (Cont'd) Vertical Curves A Vertical curves shall be formed as shown in the drawing and as directed by the S.O., so as to form a smooth transition between gradient and provide adequate vision distance. Formation Of Subgrade B Trimming, etc. of roadway shall conform to the relevant clauses in Excavation Work of this Trade Preambles. The formation shall be cleaned, freed from mud and slurry and properly shaped and compacted by rolling to an even and uniform surface to the lines, levels and superrelevations shown in the drawings. Once the formation has been prepared constructional traffic shall not be allowed to run thereon without the permission of the S.O. C.B.R. Tests C California Bearing Ratio tests as directed in the British Standard Code of Practice C.P. 2006 (1960) shall be carried out on samples of sub-grade material and on the prepared subgrade by the Contractor as directed by the S.O. through a nominated firm of soil Engineer. Finished Formation Surface D Finished road surface shall be of thickness shown on the drawings consisting of laterite compacted to C.B.R. of not less than 15%. The laterite shall be of good quality and shall consists of 60% to 80% of stone. Temporary Drainage E Sufficient temporary outlets are to be provided to the satisfaction of the S.O. to allow for the run off to discharge. Payment for removal of unsuitable and/or surplus material shall be included in the Rate for Formation excavation. Protection Of The Formation F Care shall be taken to ensure that the formation is not disturbed prior to placing the base course. Vehicles shall not allowed to travel in single track and form ruts. If any such ruts are inadvertently formed, the formation shall be re-shaped and re-rolled at no extra cost to the Employer. The base course shall not be placed until the formation has been inspected and approved by the S.O.

SPECIFICATION

ROAD WORKS (Cont'd) Crushed Stone For Roads A Crushed stone for road shall be clean, hard durable and strong, but not brittle and shall consist of crushed granite or limestone or other approved material. Clay lumps or other and soft material shall not exceed 0.5% by weight and material, finer than No. 200 B.S. Sieve, shall not exceed 1.5%. The grading of crushed stone shall be approved by the S.O. Base Course
B

The base course is constructed of crusher run of well graded, good quality crushed rocks or stone of maximum size 75mm. It must be free from clayey materials or organic matters. The course shall be constructed in 2 layers to a total compacted thickness of 200mm. The first layer of crusher run shall be spread uniformly to 125mm thick loose layer. Each layer shall be compacted and rolled by 8 tonne smooth wheeled roller to a minimum of 4 passes. Rolling to continue until no lateral movement is observed under the weight of the roller. The compacted surface to be blinded with quarry dust, lightly watered and brushed. The compaction will be carried out by the same roller to a minimum of 6 passes. The Contractor to seek S.O.s approval before constructing the second layer. The same process shall be repeated for the second layer. The course aggregate and screenings shall consists of crushed stone of reasonably uniform quality throughout, clean and free from excees of dust and flat or elongated pieces. The aggregate gradation shall conform to the followings :Sieve Designation 2 1/2 in. 1 1/2 in. 3/4 in. 3/8 in. No. 4 No. 100 % by weight Passing Sg.- Mesh Sieve Course Aggregate Screenings 100 90 - 100 25 60 0 - 10 85 100 5 - 25 100

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ROAD WORKS(Cont'd) Wearing Course A The wearing course shall consists of consolidated Bituminous premix laid in two layers, shown on the drawings consisting of base course and wearing course premix. Plant mix shall be obtained from an approval source and shall be laid by machine paver and the aggregate used shall be granite obtained from an approved source. Bituminous Binder : Approved bitumen of 80/100 grade to B.S 3690/1983 which may be cut back with oil or koresene with the approval of the S.O. The maximum size of aggregate shall be 3/4" and the proportions shall be generally in accordance with B.S. 1621/61, Table 3. The following extract from B.S. 6121/60, Table 3 is given for the information of the Contractor. B Aggregate Grading (Per cent by weight passing) 1" B.S. Sieve 3/4" B.S. Sieve 1/2" B.S. Sieve 1/4" B.S. Sieve 1/8" B.S. Sieve No. 200 B.S. Sieve 100 90 100 50 80 15 35 5 - 25 2 -6

Binder content (per cent by weight of mixed material) = 5.0 - 6.5% Range of temperature at time of laying = 200 - 250 degree F The road surface shall be swept clean of any sand or waste material before applying priming coat using Bitumen Emulsion at the rate of ten (10) square yards per gallon. The emulsion used shall have a bitumen (80/100 grade) content of 62% nominal (Class 1A) and shall be obtained from an approved manufacturer. The premix materials shall be transported, spread and compacted by suitable approved plant and the finished compacted thickness shall everywhere be not less than 3" (75mm) all as shown in the drawing.

SPECIFICATION

ROAD WORKS (Cont'd) Aggregate Grading (Cont'd) No plant-mix material shall be placed when the pavement surface is not thoroughly dry or when the weather is wet of threatening rain. The premix shall be delivered on the site at such temperature that the mixture is readily and sufficient workable. When the plan-mix material has been spread out over the pavement there shall be no segregation with pockets of course and fine aggregate. Any segregation material shall be remixed by harrowing, blading and re-working as may be necessary. The plant-mix shall be rolled and compacted by a 6-8 ton vibrating roller or other rolling equipment to the approval of the S.O. in the longitudinal direction of the pavement where plant-mix surfacing is to be laid in recesses or corners, or against structures or in any other place where the operation of spreading and compacting equipment and machinery as specified above is not practically spread and compact the plant-mix by hand or other methods as directed. If any excess or deficiency of the bituminous binder is apparent during compaction or at any time before final acceptance of the work, the defect shall be remedied by replacing the faulty or damaged material with a new supply of plant-mix. Any remedial measures required as a result if faulty mixture, rain damage or any other reasons shall be carried out entirely at the expense of the Contractor. The plant-mix surfacing shall be finished in conformity with grades and cross sections and shall be free from ruts, bumps, depressions and ridges. There shall be no area of surface which will vary either by more than 1/2" (12mm) from a ten foot straight edge or more than 1/4" (6mm) from the true cross section camber board placed at right angles to the centre line of the pavement. Further, there shall be no area of the surface that will hold water. Disposal Of Excavated A Material excavated for the construction of the carriageway shall, when approved by the S.O. be used for filling of side tables. Surplus excavated material shall be disposed of by the Contractor as directed by the S.O.

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ROAD WORKS (Cont'd) Disposal Of Excavated (Cont'd) The rate for formation excavation shall include cutting and filling, trimming, compaction, removal of surplus material and whatsoever necessary. The measurement for excavation shall be the net volume of cut area. Side Tables A The side tables of the road shall be graded and trimmed to even falls and profile as shown in the drawings and be provided with closed turfing. The area to be filled shall be spread with 1" (25mm) vegetative top soil. The turfs are to be of 12" (300mm) square and to be rolled in by a light roller. The compaction shall maintained all turfs to ensure its healthy growth throughout the liability period. The rate for turfing the side tables shall be measured on the gross total area of the side tables.

SPECIFICATION

DRAINAGE WORKS Concreting And Storage Facilities A The arrangements for storing materials and the plant and equipment for measuring, mixing, transporting, placing and compacting concrete shall be to the approval of the S.O. Setting Out B The Contractor shall set out the alignment of all roadside drains, culverts, surface drains, etc. and also fix the levels in accordance with the drawings and to the approval of the S.O. The Contractor shall be responsible for at the accuracy of the setting out. Excavation For Drains, Culverts, Sumps, Wall Etc. C (i) All excavation work specified in the Excavation and Earthwork section shall also apply. The excavation is to be carried in a manner as not to cause danger or obstruction to the traffic or public. ii) Excavation for drains and culverts shall be to correct lines, levels and gradients as shown in the drawings or S.O.s instructions. The trench shall be sufficiently wide to allow for adequate working space. iii) The excavation shall be carried out less 150mm from the intended depth. The remaining excavation shall be carried out immediately prior to placing of blinding materials. iv) In the event of any excavation being made deeper than required, it shall be filled to the correct level with lean concrete, broken stone or other approval hard inert material at the Contractor's expense. v) The sides of the excavation shall be supported by planking, sheeting and strutting and the trench shall be kept free from water by pumping or bailing. vi) All mud and soft material is to be removed from the bottom of the trenches which are to be well rammed before any concrete is placed. Jaggered surface of rocks shall be levelled and smoothen with sand blinding. Precast Concrete Block Drains D (i) Precast concrete block drains shall be constructed in P.C. concrete 1:2:4 of 3000 1bs/sq. in 28 days maximum strength and to details shown on the drawing for the various sizes and types. Any defects arising from poor workmanship or constructed from concrete that did not meet the strength requirements shall be rejected and removed from the site.

(ii)

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DRAINAGE WORKS (Cont'd) Precast Concrete Block Drains (Cont'd) (iii) Drain Blocks shall be purchased and supplied by manufacturers approved by the S.O. The Contractor before ordering the block drains shall submit in writing to the S.O. the source of orders and supplies which has to be approved beforehand. Samples of each type of block drain to be used supplied shall be provided beforehand to the S.O. at his office and all supplies shall conform to the approved samples only. No casting of block drains at site will be allowed without the approval of the S.O. in writing in which case the S.O. shall issue a specification for the manufacture of precast block drains at site. Provide and lay the various sizes of precast drain blocks as shown on the layout drawings and details. The Contractor shall be responsible for connecting all the drains to culverts, sumps and interconnections to required lines, inverts levels and gradients as shown on the drawings and to the instructions of the S.O. The joints between drains blocks shall be in 1:3 cement mortar not exceeding 12mm (1/2") thick and provide 100mm x 12mm (4" x 1/2") weepholes at 3 metres (10' 0") intervals throughout the full lengths.

(iv)

(v)

(vi) (vii)

(viii)

Earth Drains A Earth drains where required or shown on drawings shall be constructed with side slopes of 1 1/2 : 1. The side slopes shall be close turfed with pegging. Sumps B (i) (ii) Provide and construct sumps for culverts at drain junctions to details shown on the drawings. The sump wall shall be in brick work laid on P.C. concrete bases and the inner faces and copings of walls and floor rendered with 19mm (3/4") thick P.C. mortar (1:3). Sumps shall be provided to all junctions of drains and at "drop" in invert levels of drains.

(iii)

SPECIFICATION

DRAINAGE WORKS (Cont'd) Headwalls And Wingwalls A 225mm (9") Thick head and wing walls on 225mm (9") 1:2:4 concrete base with BRC 65 reinforcement shall be provided at the transition of the block drains and the culvert. Sufficient length of transition shall be provided so as to avoid an abrupt change of direction of flow. The walls shall be rendered with 12mm (1/2") 1:3 mortar on the visible section of walls 1:2:4 concrete benching shall be provided at the transition and shall be trowelled to a hard smooth finish. Bakau Piling B Bakau piles shall be not less than 100mm (4") in diameter at the head end and not less than 3 metres (10' 0") in length. They shall be straight and uniform in section. All branch joints shall be trimmed off to the general outline of the piles but the bark shall be left on. The toe end of each pile is to sharpened and the top end suitably protected against splitting or damaged during driving. The piles shall be stored on site in a continuously damp condition. Rubble And Stone Pitching For Walls C (i) The stone pitching to drain sides and other retaining walls where shown on the drawings shall be carriedout in stone blocks of granite or limestone to an average of 150mm (6") to 225mm (9") blocks in thickness to details and thickness as shown on the drawings. The blocks shall be set and pointed in 1:3 P.C. cement mortar upon the P.C. concrete screed and foundations. The stone wall shall be built in random pattern bond, keeping joints between blocks as narrow as possible. Generally, the blocks used shall be of a size which occupies the full depth of the pitching, but a sufficient proportion of smaller material, shall be used to fill interstices between the larger blocks and to provide a good bond. The joints between the blocks of stone pitching shall be raked back while still green, and shall as soon as possible be neatly pointed with P.C. mortar (1:3 cement/sand) mix, and pointing kept flush with general level and face of the blocks. The finished exposed surfaces shall be even and true to levels, slopes alignment as shown on the drawing.

(ii) (iii)

(iv)

(v)

DRAINAGE WORKS (Cont'd) - 205 -

Rubble And Stone Pitching For Walls (Cont'd) (vi) Weepholes made of 100mm (4") diameter P.V.C. piping at 600mm (2' 0") intervals both vertically and 3 metres (10' 0") horizontally shall be formed in the stone pitching walls and as shown on the drawings. Foundations for retaining walls shall be founded on solid natural ground and excavations of sub-base for foundation shall be approved by the S.O. before concrete for foundations is laid.

(vii)

Rubble Retaining Walls A (i) Provide and construct rubble retaining walls to roads and house lots in positions shown on the layout plan and to lengths, heights and details of construction shown on drawings. The exact locations, dimensions and founding of foundation shall be approved by the S.O. before construction begins. Material and workmanship shall be in accordance with details of specification hereinbefore and hereinafter.

(ii) (iii)

Cascaded And Stepped Drains B The Contractor must allow in his prices for cascading or stepping the drains as necessary or as directed by the S.O. Weepholes C Weepholes shall be provided with 100mm (4") earthenware pipes at 3 metres (10' 0") centres on the side wall of drains as shown in the drawings. Levels Of Alignment D All drains shall be constructed to the correct levels ad alignment as shown in the drawings or as directed by the S.O. Completion E On completion of the works, all drains and culverts in this contract are to be cleared and left in a clean and unobstructed condition, side tables in this contract are to be tidy, carriageway are to be sound and workmanlike, all to the entire satisfaction of the S.O.

SEWERAGE

SPECIFICATION

PIPELINE MATERIALS Reinforced Concrete Pipes and Fittings Pipes A Reinforced concrete pipes shall consists of reinforced concrete constructed by the centrifugal spun method or the vibro-cast method of type, size, strength and quality as indicated on the plans or as specified. Pipe sections shall be in minimum lengths of 3 metres (10 feet) or as specified by the Engineer, except where shorter lengths may be required to meet special conditions. Pipe lengths shall not exceed 3 metre (10 feet). Certificates of strength shall be supplied by the manufacturer. Concrete pipe shall be in accordance with ASTM C-76 or BS 556 and the applicable provisions of these specifications and internal diameters shall be as shown on the plans. Joints B All reinforced concrete sewer pipe shall have spigot and socket joint with a rubber ring or approved equal. High Alumina Lining C All Reinforced Concrete Pipe, unless otherwise shown, shall be "Spun" and lines with a 12mm (1/2 inch) thick high alumina lining consisting of 12mm (1/2 inch) Type V Portland Cement (one part), granite dust passing No. 100 BS Sieve (one part), and 2 1/2 parts of fine aggregate with sufficient clean water to ensure maximum density. The V Portland Cement shall be in accordance with ASTM C-150-76a. Lining and testing of lining shall be in accordance with BS 915. Plastic Liner Plate D All pipes where shown to be lined with PVC liner on the plans shall be lined with polyvinyl chloride plastic liner plate as described more fully elsewhere in these Specifications. The lining angle shall be 350 degree for all sizes of plastic lined reinforced concrete pipe. Plastic liner plates shall be installed in the pipes so that the vertical axis of the liner shall coincide with the vertical axis of the reinforced cage and the longitudinal edges of the liner plate form a true and parallel line with the horizontal axis of the pipe.

SEWERAGE(Cont'd) - 207 -

PIPELINE MATERIALS(Cont'd) Vitrified Clay Pipes and Fittings A Vitrified clay pipes and fittings shall be extra strength conforming to the requirements of ASTM Standard C-700-75 or BS 65 & 540 : Part 1 and Part 2. All vitrified clay pipe and fittings shall be furnished with mechanical compression joints equal to "WedgeLock" or "Speed Seal". The joint on the spigot and socket ends of the pipe shall be factory made of plasticized compound, bonded on to the pipe and moulded and cured to a uniform hardness and compressibility, to form a tight compression coupling assembled. Materials for compression joint shall be in accordance with ASTM C-42575. All pipe and fittings shall be free of injurious cracks, checks, blisters, broken ends, and other imperfections. Other joints, such as a neoprene rubber ring, may be acceptable if approved by the Engineer. Cement mortar joints are not allowed. Cast Iron Pipes B Cast iron pipes and specials shall comply with the requirements of B.S. 78:1961 and B.S. 1211:1958 for vertically cast and spun iron pipes respectively. All pipes shall be of Class B standard unless otherwise specified. Joints to cast iron pipes unless otherwise indicated shall be spigot and socket type. Screwed gland, bolted gland, Tgton or similar proprietary rubber ring joints may be used with the approval of the Engineer. Asbestos Cement Pipes and Fittings C Asbestos cement sewer pipe and fitting shall conform to ASTM Designation C428-76 Type II or BS 3656. Tests for hydrostatic strength and crushing strength shall conform with ASTM Designation C500-73 or BS 4624. Couplings and fittings shall conform with ASTM Designations C428 and C644 or BS 3656. Rubber rings suitable for use with this pipe shall conform to ASTM Specifications D1869 or BS 2494. All pipe and fittings shall be free of injurious cracks, checks, blisters, broken ends, or any other imperfections.

SPECIFICATION

SEWERAGE (Cont'd) PIPELINE MATERIALS (Cont'd) Sluice Valves A Sluice valves shall be of sufficient strength to suit Class B cast iron pipes and have cast iron body, forged bronze spindle, gun-metal nuts, gunmetal faces and glands and stuffing boxes bushed with gunmetal. Sluice valves shall include all necessary extension spindles brackets and wheels as shown on the Drawings. The valves body shall be painted with a suitable bitumen paint. The type and manufacture of the valves shall be to the approval of the Engineer. Transporting of Materials B All pipes, specials fittings, valves, joints and jointing materials shall be transported to the points where they are to be laid. At every point of loading or unloading pipes or castings shall be handled by approved lifting tackle. Unloading by rolling down planks or any other form of included ramp shall not be allowed. Pipes shall be carefully stacked on site with timber packing under and between the pipes.

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SEWERAGE (Cont'd) PIPELINE INSTALLATION General A The Contractor shall, after excavating the trench and preparing the proper bedding for the pipe, furnish all necessary facilities for properly lowering and placing sections of the pipe in trench without damage and shall properly install the pipe. The section of pipe shall be fitted together correctly and shall be laid true to line and grade in accordance with the bench marks established by the Contractor. The full length of the barrel of the pipe shall have a uniform bearing upon the bedding material but if the pipe has a projecting bell, suitable excavation shall be made to receive the bell which shall not bear on the subgrade. After the trench for the pipe has been excavated to the proper line and grade in the manner before specified the pipe shall be laid therein in the following manner. Laying B No pipe shall be rolled into place for lowering into the trench except over suitable timber planking free from roughness likely to damage any coatings. Before laying, each pipe shall be cleaned out and inspected for defects. Cast or spun iron pipes shall be rung with a light hammer while the pipe is suspended clear of the ground to detect cracks. Other pipes shall be inspected. Any defective, damaged or unsound pipe shall be rejected. Before any pipe is lowered into place, the bedding shall be prepared so that each length of pipe shall have a firm and uniform bearing over the entire length of the barrel. The pipes shall be laid in straight lines, both in the horizontal and vertical planes, between manholes or, where directed in the case of force mains and larger diameter sewers to regular curves. Each pipe shall be plumbed to its correct line and directed and accurately sighted by means of boning rods and sight rails fixed to secure posts which shall be set up and maintained at each end of the sewer to be laid and not more than 46 metres (50 yards) apart. Sight rails shall be clearly painted in contrasting colours and be not less than 150mm (6 inches) deep, robust construction clearly painted and accurately made to the various lengths required the lower end being provided with a show of sufficient projection to rest on the invert of the pipes as laid. The boning rod shall be complete with a vertical spirit level. Boning rods and sight rails shall not be removed until the pipeline has been checked and approved by the S.O.. Wherever the work ceases for any reason, the unfinished end of the pipeline shall be securely closed with a tight fitting plug or cover.

SPECIFICATION

SEWERAGE(Cont'd) PIPELINE INSTALLATION (Cont'd) Laying (Cont'd) The interior of each pipe after being laid shall be thoroughly cleaned. Each pipe shall be carefully lowered onto its prepared bed by means of necessary slings and tackle. A recess shall be left in the prepared bed to permit the sling to be withdrawn. If the prepared bed is damaged the pipe shall be raised and the bed made good before pipe laying is continued. Pipe shall be laid upgrade. Any pipe which is not in true alignment, both vertical and horizontal, or shows any under settlement after laying, shall be taken up and relaid correctly by the Contractor at his own expense, when so ordered by the S.O.. No pipe shall be laid which is damaged, cracked, checked, or spailed or has any other defect deemed by the S.O. to make it unacceptable, and all such sections shall be permanently removed from the work. All pipeline adjoining structures (including manholes) shall have a mechanical joint (flexible) within or at 300mm (12 inches) from the face of such structure. Where sub-soil water is encountered it shall be kept below the sockets when jointing by pumping or other means. In no case shall pipes be jointed before being lowered into position. If any damage should occur to any pipes through failure of the Contractor to comply with these conditions, the damage shall be made good at the Contractor's expense. Pipe Bedding A The surface shall be firm and true to grade. If soft, spongy, unstable, or similar other material is encountered upon which the bedding material or pipe is to be placed, this unsuitable material shall be removed to a depth ordered by the S.O. and replaced with suitable densified crushed rock bedding material and paid for at the unit rate in the Bill of Quantities. Bedding shall be in accordance with details on the Drawings. Except where concrete or one of the following materials is specified, bedding material supporting the pipe or conduit shall be gravel, disintegrated granite, crushed aggregate, native granular material, or other material approved by the S.O.. Limestone shall not be used. After trimming, granular bedding material shall be spread in the trench bottom and screeded with a template. The Contractor's rates shall include for provision of suitable material for granular bedding, and also for removal and disposal of excess material arising from the trench excavations due to the granular bedding.

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SEWERAGE (Cont'd) PIPELINE INSTALLATION (Cont'd) Pipe Bedding (Cont'd) A Granular bedding shall meet the following requirements : U.S. Sieve Size 19mm (3/4 inch) 0-10mm (0-3/8 inch) No. 4 No. 8 Percentage Passing Min Max 100 80 10 0 90 25 15

If through the Contractor's neglect any trench bottom is excavated below the grade shown on the plans, it shall be refilled to grade of pipe invert with bedding material, thoroughly densified into place at the Contractor's expense. Concrete Protection of Sewer Pipe A Where indicated on the drawings, or ordered by the S.O., pipe shall be backfilled, haunched or encased in concrete in accordance with the details shown on the drawings. Concrete shall be unreinforced of the class shown on the drawings, 300 psi, or specified. Such concrete shall not be placed until the joints at each end of the pipe have been completed. Each pipe to be encased shall be supported on at least two purpose made precast concrete blocks, which shall be left in place, and the full width and depth of concrete encasement shall be placed and carefully tamped beneath the pipe followed at once by the addition of the encasing concrete. Unformed surface shall be of spade finish. The pipe shall be prevented from floating or other movement during concreting. Except where shown otherwise or ordered by the S.O. the continuity of concrete backfill and encasement will be deemed to cover all requirements of this clause, in addition to other requirements detailed. At all locations where asbestos cement pipe is to be encased or backfilled in concrete, the pipe shall be wrapped with a minimum of two layers of 15 pound, asphalt impregnated building felt, in such a manner that the concrete does not form a bond with the pipe.

SPECIFICATION

SEWERAGE (Cont'd) PIPELINE INSTALLATION (Cont'd) Cast Iron or Ductile Iron Pipe Pipe Laying A All pipe shall be carefully inspected for defects before installation. Such inspection shall include light tapping with a hammer while the pipe is suspended in the air. No pipe or fittings which are cracked or which show defects excluded by the specifications for such fittings shall be used. Any injuries to the protective coating of the pipe or fittings shall be carefully repaired immediately before installation. Every open end of a pipe shall be carefully plugged or capped before leaving the work. Anchorage B Anchorage lugs shall be provided for bell and spigot fittings and socket clamps and the rods used where there is a possibility of pulling the joint under pressure. Concrete thrust blocks may be used in lieu of the above where bell and spigot pipe is used below ground. Neoprene Ring Joints C Between the lengths of cast or ductile iron pipe, neoprene gasket joints shall be used. Installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Gaskets seats and neoprene gaskets shall be thoroughly cleaned before assembly. The completed joint shall have a uniform contact by the gasket between the outer surface of the spigot and the gasket seat of the bell. Flanged Joints D Flanged pipe shall be cut true to length. Joints shall be made up square, with even pressure upon the gaskets and shall be perfectly watertight. Gaskets shall be full faced and shall fit the inside dimension of the pipe accurately, so that no surplus material projects out into the flow area. The completed joint shall be smooth and properly aligned.

SEWERAGE (Cont'd) - 213 -

PIPELINE INSTALLATION (Cont'd) Asbestos Cement and Vitrified Clay Pipe Pipe Laying A After the trench for the pipe has been excavated to the proper line and grade in the manner specified herein, the pipe shall be laid therein in the following manner. Before lowering, the pipe shall be inspected for defects. Any defective, damaged, or unsound pipe shall be rejected. The faces of all spigot ends and all shoulders in the hubs or sockets shall be true and brought into firm contact, and any lumps and excrescences on said faces shall be cut away before the pipe is lowered into the trench. The pipe shall be laid, without break, upgrade from structure to structure and with the socket end upgrade. Whenever the work ceases for any reason, the unfinished end of the pipeline shall be securely closed with tight fitting plug or cover. The interior of each pipe, after being laid, shall be thoroughly cleaned. Asbestos Cement Pipe B Mechanical compression joints for vitrified clay pipelines shall be assembled in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Care shall be taken to ensure that a tight compression joints is effected upon assembly. Reinforced Concrete Pipe Laying C All pipe shall be carefully inspected and laid uphill from structure to structure with the socket upgrade, and with the class identification marks on top. Pipe shall be bedded, true to line and grade, with uniform bearing for the entire barrel length. All material shall be removed from the interior of the pipes, and the inner surface of the socket or collar and the outer surface of the spigot ends shall be thoroughly cleaned so that good joints can be made. Pipe sections shall be so laid and fitted together that the sewer will have a smooth and uniform interior. The sewer shall be clean and unobstructed at the time of its completion and acceptance and shall be true to the line and grade as shown on the plans and profiles.

SPECIFICATION

SEWERAGE (Cont'd) PIPELINE INSTALLATION (Cont'd) Rubber Gasket Pipe Joints A After the subgrade has been prepared as specified, the rubber gasket shall be placed in the groove on the spigot ring, and the spigot end of the pipe then entered into the bell of the adjoining pipe and forced into position. Care shall be taken to avoid twisting or cutting the gasket when jointing the pipe. The inside surface of the bell shall be lubricated with a compound recommended by the manufacturer which will facilitate the telescoping of the joint. Lining B For pipes smaller than 21 inch, buttering of joints and drawing sewer ball or an approved swab or squeegee through the pipe may be substituted in place of caulking and trowelling. Water shall not be turned into the pipe until the inside joints have been properly cured. Cutting Pipes C The Contractor shall be responsible for taking the measurements required the determine the lengths of cut portions of pipes for insertion as closing lengths in pipe-lines. The pipe and methods of jointing shall be such that the locations of fittings and lengths of pipe can be adjusted in the field to suit field conditions and variations in stationing and no extra payment will be made for such adjustments nor for any welding, couplings, fittings, or special lengths required to meet this requirement. A reasonable tolerance in the location of lines will be permitted by the Engineer. The Contractor shall make all closures with suitable pipe and approved connection to compensate for cumulative errors in pipeline installation. JOINTS AND JOINTING MATERIAL Rubber Rings D Rubber sealing rings for pipe jointing shall comply with B.S. 2494 and shall in addition contain anti-ozonants. The hardness of the rubber shall be such that the joint when made on the installed pipes will be watertight as specified under any combination of working or test loads. Immediately before assembling each joint incorporating a rubber ring seal, the rubber shall be inspected for cracks, every part of the ring being deformed by hand to about 150mm (6 inches) radius.

SEWERAGE (Cont'd) - 215 -

Rubber Rings (Cont'd) If under this deformation any cracks are either revealed or initiated the ring shall be rejected, cut through completely to prevent inadvertent use, and the matter reported forthwith to the S.O.. If more than three successive rings inspected in this way are rejected, the Contractor shall on the instruction of the S.O. stop all pipe jointing until the cause of the defect has been proved and remedied to the satisfaction of the S.O. JUNCTION AND SERVICE PIPE A Junction pipes shall be inserted in the positions shown on the Drawings or where directed by the S.O. A factory connection service branch pipe shall be connected and taken up to the boundary of each factory-lot. Any service pipes which are not immediately connected to the building foul waterpipes shall be closed with hardwood plugs as shown on the drawings, except that such hardwood plugs shall not be fitted until after the satisfactory testing of the pipelines. The position of each end of such services pipe shall be accurately marked on the ground by using markers as shown on the Drawings. Also the position of each junction, and end of each service pipe shall be accurately recorded on a layout plan and in a "Sewer Connection Book".

SPECIFICATION

SEWERAGE (Cont'd) CONNECTION TO EXISTING SEWER MAINS A At the locations shown on the drawings, the Contractor shall connect to the existing sewer main or existing manholes and construct new flow-through fittings in each manhole base to accommodate the new sewer line as required. Actual connection between the existing piping and new piping shall not be made until the new work has been approved by the S.O. MANHOLES General B Manholes shall be built of the sizes, form and dimensions shown on the drawings. The foundations shall be of mass concrete with walls of common bricks of approved quality in 1:3 High Alumina cement mortar. Glazed clayware pipes shall be firmly embedded in the foundations concrete to form the changes through the manholes and approved metal steel step shall be built into every fourth course of brickwork. All bricks shall be cleaned and thoroughly dampened immediately before laying. Each brick shall be laid with a "push joint" and in no case will sluicing or grouting of a joint be allowed nor is a joint to be made by working in the mortar after the brick has been laid. No brickwork shall be laid upon the concrete foundation until the concrete has set. When the manhole is located in the pavement area, it shall not be constructed to final grade until pavement has been completed. Manhole Covering C Manhole covers shall be of an approved pattern and the weight shall be as specified and shown on the Drawings. The frames for the manhole covers shall be firmly bedded on the brickwork. TESTING PIPELINES General D The Contractor shall submit for the S.O.'s approval details of his proposed methods and program for testing (including details of test equipment) and shall arrange for all tests to be witnesses by the S.O. or other person appointed by the S.O.. The Contractor shall provide all things necessary for carrying out testing and cleaning including pumps, gauges, pipe connections, stop ends, and all other temporary works. Pipelines shall be properly completed and supported before being put under test except as hereinafter detailed.

SEWERAGE(Cont'd) - 217 -

TESTING PIPELINES (Cont'd) No testing will be permitted until ten days after thrust blocks and other holding down works have been completed. Trenches may not be left open at joints prior to testing pipelines except as permitted by the S.O. who may lay down certain restricting conditions. In addition to any tests of individual joints or other interim tests which may be specified elsewhere, the Contractor shall submit all parts of the pipelines to a final test. Notwithstanding the foregoing the Contractor may at any stage of construction, carry out such other tests as he considers desirable to check materials and workmanship on the pipeline but this shall not relieve the Contractor of his obligations to achieve successful tests under the contract. Testing Gravity Sewers A All gravity sewer mains shall be tested by the following tests, to be selected by the S.O. The Contractor shall, at his own expense, furnish all equipment and materials for making the tests. Tests shall be performed before backfilling is commenced and again after backfill and compaction is completed, and after all utilities are in the ground including sewer laterals, but prior to placing of permanent resurfacing. Tests shall be performed in the presence of the S.O., and shall include the main and laterals as a unit. All pipe are to be clean and empty at time of testing. When leakage or infiltration exceeds the amount allowed by the specifications, the Contractor shall, at his own expense, overhaul the pipe and make the necessary repairs or replacements in accordance with the specifications to reduce the leakage or infiltration to the specified limits. However, any individual detectable leaks shall be repaired, regardless of the results of the test. Leakage tests shall be made on completed gravity sewer lines as follows: Leakage due to Internal Pressure (Air Pressure Methods) B The Contractor shall plug all pipe outlets with suitable plugs, and brace each plug securely where needed. The input air supply shall be regulated by a pressure regulating valve so as to not exceed 5 psi gauge pressure. The air test equipment is to be approved by the S.O. prior to testing. Air shall be added slowly to the pipe until the internal air pressure is raised to 4 psi gauge pressure, at which time the flow of air into the pipe shall be shut off, and the input supply hose disconnected completely from the testing equipment. After the internal pressure of 4 psi is obtained, two minutes shall be allowed for the air temperature to stabilize within the pipe. Air may be needed only to maintain a pressure of 4 psi.

SPECIFICATION

SEWERAGE(Cont'd) TESTING PIPELINES (Cont'd) When the internal pressure decreases to 3.5 psi, timing shall start and the seconds counted until the pressure has decreased 2.5 psi. Minimum permissible pressure holding times for sewer mains, with or without laterals, are listed in the N.C.P.I. Air Test Tables, as published in the latest National Clay Pipe Institute: "Low Pressure Air Test for Sanitary Sewers (Procedures and Tables)". Leakage due to Infiltration If, in the construction of a section of sewer of any size, excessive groundwater is encountered, a test for infiltration shall be conducted if ordered by the S.O.. The upper end of the sewer shall be closed sufficiently to prevent the entrance of water, and pumping of water shall discontinued for at least 3 days prior to the test for infiltration. The infiltration shall not exceed 415 imperial gallons per inch diameter per mile per day of that portion of main line sewer in ground-water being tested, and does not include the length of house laterals entering that section. This test may be in lieu of, or in addition to the other tests as determined by the S.O.. Leakage due to Internal Pressure (Water Pressure Method) It may be of advantage to the Employer in some cases to have certain sections of sewer pipes tested by water pressure in lieu of the Air Pressure Method. If requested by the S.O., the test shall be performed as follows : A) Method - The pipeline to be tested shall be plugged at all pipe outlets with suitable plugs, and each plug accurately braced where needed. The pipeline shall be filled with water, and sufficient time will be permitted to elapse between the filling and testing of the line to permit absorption of water by the pipe walls. A hose shall connect the plug with a stand pipe (300mm diameter approximately). The stand pipe will be filled to a level not less than 1200mm (4 feet) above the level of the sewer at the upper end and positioned to permit the addition of one additional gallon of water. One gallon of water shall be added and the time measured for the water level to return to the mark measured.

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SEWERAGE (Cont'd) TESTING PIPELINES (Cont'd) The time so measured shall not be less than that computed by the following formula which provides for minimum allowable leakage of 415 imperial gallons per inch diameter per mile per day. Minimum Time (minutes) = 15,206 __________________________ Diameter(mm) x Test length(m)

Cast Iron or Ductile Iron Pipelines A All cast iron, steel or ductile iron pipelines at the pump stations or sewage treatment works shall be tested to 150 psi in accordance with the provision for pipeline testing contained in the Standard Specifications for Installation of Cast-Iron Water Mains, AWWA C600 of the American Waterworks Association. The Contractor shall furnish all the labour and materials necessary to make the tests and shall repair any damage resulting from or caused by these tests. All pipes and joints which prove defective shall be remedied or replaced and again tested to determine acceptability. Precautions shall be taken to prevent joints from deflecting during testing and damage from the tests shall be repaired by the Contractor at his expense. Pumps shall not be subjected to hydrostatic pressure during the tests. Testing Etc. Not Separately Valued B No separate valuation shall be made in respect of testing or cleaning the pipeline and the cost to the Contractor of complying with all his obligations in testing and cleaning pipes, valves, and fittings and in all work in connection therewith as specified shall be deemed to be included in the rates for pipeline installation. Cleanliness of Pipelines C On completion of the sewers, manholes and pumping mains, they shall be cleaned out and flushed with water, all silt, mortar, concrete, debris and other obstructions being removed. Prior to acceptance by the S.O., the Contractor shall prove all new sewer mains to be clear of obstructions. The S.O. may require the Contractor to "Wayne Ball" the sewer mains in his presence.

SPECIFICATION

SEWERAGE (Cont'd) CONTROL OF WATER Drainage Provisions A Construct drainage ditches, diversions, and temporary pipes as required to maintain drainage of the work areas. Construct ditches and diversions with cross-sectional area at least equal to that of the intercepted watercourses, as approved by the S.O. Dewatering B The Contractor shall perform dewatering as required so that all work of the Contract is installed on dry areas and excavations, including without limitation the construction of ponds, structures and underground piping. Operation C Maintain dewatering systems in continuous operation until the involved work is completed, including the placing and compaction of backfill materials in the dry. Clearing Up On Completion Of Works D On completion of the pipe laying and after successful testing of the sewers, all sewers and manholes shall be thoroughly cleaned. No sewer shall be put into use until a detailed inspection has been carried out and certified by the S.O. All manholes shall be pumped dry and washed and free of all debris, and dirt and construction materials. Workmanship And Materials E The workmanship, materials and equipment to be incorporated shall include all necessary provisions for a complete and satisfactory working condition of the system. All materials and equipment supplied shall be new and of the first quality as regards design, manufacture and performance. All work shall be carried out to the best accepted engineering practice by fully competent tradesmen.

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SEWERAGE(Cont'd) Regulations A All works covered by this specification shall be carried out strictly in accordance with the regulations and by-laws and conforming to the requirement of the following statutory bodies and other authorities having jurisdiction over the works, viz :Ministry of Health, Public Works Department Town Council and other relevant Authorities

SPECIFICATION

FENCE AND GATE General A Unless otherwise shown and stated in the drawings, fencing shall be of the chain link type complying with B.S 1172 and the height of the fence shall be 1500mm from ground up to the full height of the chain link. The fence shall be erected to the extent and location as shown in the Site Plan. Where fencing is to be located on the boundary of the site, the Contractor shall ensure that its construction shall not infringe the adjoining properties. Mild Steel Posts and Bracings B All posts and bracings shall be as detailed in the drawings. All steel members for fencing and gates shall be free from rust, scales and other defect and shall be to the approval of the S.O. Previously used steel members shall not be used in the construction of new fencing and gates. Before delivery to the site, the steel members for fencing and gates shall be pre-cut and assembled at the Contractor's workshop and painted with one coat of approved metallic primer. Where 3 strands of barbed wires are required a mild steel angle arm 450mm long of the same cross sectional dimensions as the post shall be welded at the top of the post at 45 degrees inclination. Where 6 strands of barbed wires are required, two pieces of mild steel angle arms as specified hereinbefore shall be welded to the top of each post forming the shape "Y" with each arm having 3 strands of barbed wires. The welding used shall be of continuous fillet weld. Necessary holes shall be made in the posts, arms and bracings for insertions of fixing bolts and clips. Chain Link Mesh, Straining C Chain link mesh, straining wires and barbed wire shall be made of P.V.C coated galvanised steel and of approved quality. The mesh shall be of size 64mm made up of 3.25mm (10 gauge) diameter wire. Straining wires shall be of 4.06mm (8 gauge) diameter and barbed wires shall be of 2.64mm (12 gauge) diameter. Fencing Footings D All posts and bracings shall be bedded in concrete footings as shown in the drawings. Gates E All gates shall be constructed as detailed in the drawings. Painting Of Fence and Gates F All painting shall be as described in the schedule of painting.

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TURFING AND TREE PLANTING General A All turfing and tree planting shall be carried out in manner to minimize risk of damage to turfs and plants and stunted growth. Turfing on banks or slopes shall be carried immediately after the banks or slope are formed. Tree planting shall be carried out as soon as practicable. Preparation B The areas to be turfed shall be completely cleared of all builder's debris, large stones and other constructions. Trimming and Levelling C Before spreading top soil the ground shall be trimmed and levelled. In case of banks, the top edge shall be trimmed off to a curve to all the grass to be cut with a motor mower. Topsoil D The topsoil shall be selected black vegetable soil, free from roots, weeds and any unnecessary hard granular material. Topsoil shall be spread and levelled over the whole area to be turfed to form an even layer of 50mm (consolidated) thickness. Ground To Be Forked E Before turfing, the ground shall be forked to a depth of 100mm to 150mm to thoroughly loosen the soil. Turf F Turf shall be approximately 300mm square of approved type and quality of health and vigorous stack and at least 38mm in thickness. In the removal of the turf, the plant shall be damage as little as possible, care being taken to include as much of the root growth as wooden pegs driven through each piece. When the grass has struck, and after the approval of the S.O. has been obtained, the whole of the turfed areas shall be thoroughly rolled with an approved garden roller or tamped to break up any lumps of earth remaining and to reconsolidate the surface. Rolling or tamping shall be repeated until the surface is accepted by the S.O.

SPECIFICATION

TURFING AND TREE PLANTING (Cont'd) Depressing Top Soil A Before turfing, dress the top soil with Rock Phosporate fertilizer at a reasonable rate and well rake-in. When the turf is established, top dress at two six weekly intervals during wet weather with "Stormel Black Label" fertilizer (Nitrogenous) at the rate as required. Nursing And Watering B It is the Contractor's responsibility to ensure that the grass is properly nursed and tended until fully established including watering as necessary during dry periods. Any grass which falls to flourish shall be replaced at the Contractor's expense. Grass To Be Cut C After three month's growth the grass shall be cut once permonth for three succeeding months. Shrubs And Trees D All shrubs and trees shall be of approved species and in healthy growing condition. Tree Planting E Generally all pits for planting of trees shall not be less than 350mm x 450mm x 450mm deep, spaced at intervals as shown in the drawings or approved by the S.O. For shrubs the pit size may be reduced to 200mm x 200mm x 200mm deep or a continuous trench 200mm x 200mm deep may be formed where required. The bottom of pits or trench shall be first be filled with a layer of black earth before transplanting. Immediately before transplanting the plant shall be carefully removed from the nursery bag or pot. The plant shall be placed into the pits and the surround filled with black earth making sure that the roots are not excessively disturbed. The earth around the base of the stem shall be recessed slightly to facilitates watering.

TURFING AND TREE PLANTING (Cont'd) - 225 -

Preservation And Protection Of Existing Trees A All existing trees and shrubs which are identified and marked for preservation shall be not be cut and shall be protected from damage throughout the Contract. Where necessary, adequate temporary fencing shall be erected around each tree or group of tree trunk shall be wrapped with suitable paling material up to 1.50m high from the ground. The ground around the tree spread shall be protected to prevent contamination from materials and chemicals detrimental to plant growth. The method of protection shall be to the approval of the S.O. Maintenance B The Contractor shall maintain and protect the turfing, shrub s and trees from damage and destruction by way of watering, manuring and tilling until the end of Defects Liability Period. Staking and temporary fencing shall be provided where necessary to support and protect the plant. All turfs, shrubs and trees which are defective and fail to grow within Defects Liability Period shall be replaced or replanted accordingly at the Contractor's expense.

SPECIFICATION

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