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INTRODUCTION
This trainer has been designed with a view to provide practical and experimental knowledge of 4 channel Time Division Multiplexing Demultiplexing using PAM technique as practically implemented in Digital Communication systems on a SINGLE P.C.B.
SPECIFICATIONS
1. Analog Input Channels 2. Multiplexing 3. Modulation 4. On-board Analog signal 5. Sampling Ratio 6. Sampling Pulse 8. Interconnections 9. Power : : : : : : : : 4 Time Division Multiplexing Pulse Amplitude Modulation 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 KHz, 2 KHZ 16 KHz/channel Variable frequency from 2 to 64KHz 3.4 KHz 2 mm Sockets 230 V + 10%, 50Hz
CHAPTER-1
THEORY & CIRCUIT DETAILS OF TDM PULSE AMPLITUDE MODULATION/DEMODULATION The TDM pulse amplitude modulation/demodulation System consist of following sections. 1. Modulating Audio Signal Generators 2. Sampling Pulse Generator 3. Time Division Multiplexing section 4. Low pass filter demultiplexing section. 5. Power supply.
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Sampling
TDM Signal
Recovered Signals
SPG
9. Connect CRO Channel 2 at demultiplexed output-1 of demodulator section. Observe recovered sinewave signal-1 ____________Waveform (W7) 10. Connect CRO Channel 2 at demultiplexed output-2 of demodulator section. Observe recovered sinewave signal-2 ____________Waveform (W8) 11. Connect CRO Channel 2 at demultiplexed output-3 of demodulator section. Observe recovered sinewave signal-3 ____________Waveform (W9) 12. Connect CRO Channel 2 at demultiplexed output-4 of demodulator section. Observe recovered sinewave signal-3 ____________Waveform (W10) 13. Now vary amplitude of modulating signal-1 and signal-2 and signal-3 and observe its effect on TDM output as well as on recovered signals. Also observe cross-talk effect by varying amplitude of modulating signals beyond 5Vpp. Vary frequency of modulating signals and observe its effect on TDM output as well as on recovered signals. 14. Vary Pulse frequency of Sampling pulse and see the effect on TDM output as well as on recovered signals. 15. To verify Nyquist's Sampling Theorem keep modulating sine wave signal-2 frequency to 2 KHz and amplitude 2 Vpp. Keep Sampling pulse width pot in mid position. Now vary sampling frequency slowly from 40 KHz to 2 KHz by observing original signal and recovered demodulated signal. Measure the sampling frequency for which original signal and recovered demodulated signal are nearly same i.e. error is less. It will be more than 4 KHz, which proves Nyquist's Sampling Theorem. 6
Conclusion:1. The error in recovered signal: increases with increase in signal amplitude, increases with increase in signal frequency, decreases with increase in sampling pulse frequency. increases with decrease in sampling pulse width. 2. The cross talk is generated when amplitudes of modulation signals increases.
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+0.5V
H = 0.5 ms V = 0.2 V
1 ms
-0.5 V
+1V
H = 0.2 ms V = 0.5 V
-1V
0.5 ms
+2V
H = 0.2 ms V = 1.0 V
-2V
W4.Modulating signal Sinewave :- (at Sig. 4 connector) 250Hz
+0.5V
H = 0.2 ms V = 0.2 V
4 ms
-0.5 V
8
5V
H = 5 us V = 2.0 V
0.5V
H = 0.5 ms V = 0.2 V
-0.5V
W8. Demultiplexed signal :- (at Sig. 2 O/P connector) Note: Switch (S1) to Sinewave to get pure Sinewave Signal
+1V
H = 0.2 ms V = 0.5 V
-1V
W9. Demultiplexed signal :- (at Sig. 3 O/P connector) Note: Switch (S2) to Sinewave to get pure Sinewave Signal
H = 0.2 ms V = 1.0 V
0.5V
H = 0.2 ms V = 0.2 V
-0.5V
10
When All the Inputs are Sinewave after switching Switch S1 and S2. W7. Demultiplexed signal Sinewave :- (at Sig. 1 O/P connector)
0.5V
H = 0.5 ms V = 0.2 V
-0.5V
W8. Demultiplexed signal :- (at Sig. 2 O/P connector)
+1V
-1V
W9. Demultiplexed signal: (at Sig. 3 O/P connector)
H = 0.2 ms V = 1.0 V
0.5V
H = 0.2 ms V = 0.2 V
-0.5V
11
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