ECE330

Fall 2011

Homework 1
Problem 2.1
Converting both the voltage and current waveforms from their time-domain representation to phasors 100 v(t) = 100 cos(377t + 10 ) V = 10 V 2 1 i(t) = cos(377t + 55 ) I = 55 A, 2 the average power and power factor can be calculated 50 < p(t) >t = P = VI cos(v i ) = W 2 1 p f = cos(v i ) = leading 2

Problem 2.2
(a) Using the same procedure as Problem 2.1, the voltage and current phasors are 100 V = 15 V 2 10 10 I = (45 90) = 135 A 2 2

by applying the fact that cos( ) = -cos(). The real power into the terminals will be P= (b) As done previously, P = VIcos(v i ) 100 10 = cos([75 (15 90 + 180)]) = 500W 2 2 (c) P = VIcos(v i ) 1000 cos(120) = 250W 2

p f = cos(60) = 0.5 leading

= 100 10 cos([(30 90) + 60] ) = 500W

(d) P = VIcos(v i ) 100 10 = cos([(30 90) (120 90)] ) = 0 W 2 2 p f = cos(90) = 0 leading (e) Converting the voltage and current phasors from rectangular to polar coordinates yields V = 10 + j10 = 10 245 V I = 5 + j10 = 5 563.43 A, which can be used to nd p f = cos(18.43) = 0.9487 leading . (f) V = 100 j90 = 1002 + 902 41.99V I = 10 j10 = 10 245 A P = 50 2 cos((45 63.43)) = 150W

p f = cos(3.01) = 0.999 lagging (g)

P = 10 (1002 + 902 ) 2 cos((41.99 + 45) ) = 1900 W

V = 10 j10 = 10 2135 V I = 5 + j10 = 5 563.43 A P = 50 10 cos((135 63.43)) = 150 W

Problem 2.8
The total current owing into the loads is I = I1 + I2 = (50 j40) + (50 + j60) = 101.9811.3 A .

The input complex power is simply S = VI 2(45 11.3)

= 100 101.98 = 12 + j8 kVA , resulting in a power factor of

p f = cos (33.7) = 0.832 lag .

Problem 2.9
The complex power absorbed by the loads are Load1 : 5(0.8 + j sin (cos1 0.8)) = 4 + j3 kVA Load2 : 3 + j resulting in a total input complex power of S = (4 + j3) kVA + (3 + j1.45) kVA = 7 + j4.45 kVA . The source current is therefore The input complex power is simply S = VI = 7 + j4.45 kVA I = 36.0632.4 A

3 sin (cos1 0.9) = 3 + 1.45 kVA, 0.9

Problem 2.10
The complex power absorbed by the three loads are Load1 : 8 + j6 kVA Load2 : 12 j16 kVA Load3 : 5 + j10 kVA, therefore the overall complex power for the arrangement will be S = S 1 + S 2 + S 3 = 25 + j0 kVA. With the voltage across the parallel load arrangement known to be 2500 V, the line current can be solved as S = V load I line I line =

25 + j0 kVA 2500 V

= 1000 A.

With the series feeder impedance being 0.1+j1.0 , the voltage at the source (in phasor notation) can be obtained by applying KVL: V s = 2500V + 1000(0.1 + j1.0)V = 278.621.04V Note that in this case the source voltage does not have an angle of 0 , this owes to the fact that the voltage drop across the parallel load arrangement was chosen to have the global reference angle for the problem. Finally, the time-domain representation of the source voltage and current will be v s (t) = 278.6 2 cos(120t + 21.04) V i s (t) = 100 2 cos(120t) A

Problem 2.11
The complex power absorbed by the three loads are Load1 : 125 + 216.5 kVA Load2 : 180 j135 kVA Load3 : 283 + j100 kVA, 3

therefore the overall complex power and associated power factor of the arrangement will be S = S 1 + S 2 + S 3 = 588 + j181.5 kVA p f = cos tan1 181.5 588 = 0.955 lagging .

If shunt capacitance were added across the parallel load, real power consumption would remain the same while S and Qload change. With the goal to bring the power factor to 0.8 leading, the amount of VARs required for this adjustment is (v i )new = cos1 (0.8) = 36.87 P = 735 kVA S new = pf Qnew = S new sin(36.87) = 441 kVA Qcap = |Qold Qnew | = 622.5 kVAR

Special Problem 1
750 A I Vs 0.05+j0.05

0.05+j0.05 Load

Figure 1: Circuit Diagram - Special Problem1

(a)
Through the application of KVL, in accordance with Fig. 1, a load voltage of 1200 V requires a source voltage of: V s = 2(750 A)(0.05 + j0.05 ) + 1200 V = 1283.37 V .

(b)
For a load power factor of 0.707 lagging, the necessary source voltage is V s = 2(750 A)(0.05 + j0.05 ) + 12045 V = 13145 V .

(c)
For a load power factor of 0 leading, the necessary source voltage is V s = 2(750 A)(0.05 + j0.05 ) + 12090 V = 11386.19 V . 4

Special Problem 2
(a)
The complex power absorbed by the three loads are Load1 : 4.8 + j3.6 kVA Load2 : 4 + j1.94 kVA Load3 : 3.12 + j0 kVA, therefore the overall complex power of the arrangement will be S = S 1 + S 2 + S 3 = 11.92 + j5.54 kVA .

(b)
The source current is given by S =VI S 11.92 + j5.54 kVA I= = 240 V V = 49.67 j23.08 A |I| = 54.77 A

(c)
Since the current load arrangement provides a lagging power factor with a phase angle of 24.93, additional shunt capacitance is required to obtain a power factor of 0.95 lagging (phase angle of 18.19). The amount of capacitive VARs is: (v i )new = cos1 (0.95) = 18.19 P = 12.54 kVA S new = pf Qnew = S new sin(18.19) = 3.92 kVA Qcap = Qold Qnew = 1.62 kVAR