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()Konglish
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After the world war, Korea was set free from the Japanese colonialism. In fact,
the landscape of the world went under a considerable reshaping, divided into two
political idealsdemocratic (lead by the US) and communist (lead by the former
USSR). This division set forth by the superpowers divided the Korean peninsula even
further, establishing a communist regime in the north and pseudo-democratic
government in the south. After the outbreak of the Korean War (1950-1953), the once
unified nation would be no more, taking separate courses in political ideals till today.
The division would eventually set in motion the division of tongueslanguage. Over
fifty years of separation has steered the language to diverge so drastically that, today,
North and South Korean variations are mutually unintelligible; the North driven by
the notion of avoiding linguistic pollution and self-reliance, and the South driven by
the influence of American capitalism and globalization. After Japan had ceased to
hold its control of South Korea, the English (especially American) language had
began its penetration and, today, maintain a relatively high degree of influence on the
ever-changing linguistic system of the South Korean vernacular (Kent, 1999a). This is
not to imply that English words were not introduced before 1945, rather the influence
English has on the South Korean language has taken a much more significant and
important role post-1945. In fact, during the Japanese colonization (1910-1945) of
Korea, many English loanwords() were introduced into the Korean vernacular
which may be referred to as Korean renditions of Japanized English loanwords (Song,
1999) such as ppans (<pantsu <pants) for 'underpants' and ssnglas (<sangurasu
<sunglasses) for 'sunglasses'. There are no actual studies illustrating the quantity of
Japanized English loanwords in the Korean language, but it is not as significant as the
direct loans from the original sourceEnglishthat is influencing the vocabulary of the
modern South Korean language. What is important is that English has penetrated the
Korean language before 1945 indirectly via Japanese at a relative minor scale, but,
today, it is infiltrating directly and maintaining its status as the most important source
of loanwords used in the South Korean vernacular. In fact, Tranter (1997) suggested
that approximately ninety percent of all loanwords in South Korea today are derived
from English, either direct loans or some from Japanized English loans. If that figure
is accurate, it is astonishing considering the relatively short period of direct contact
between South Korea and the US. There are even further arguments that suggest that
the once most influential language to the Korean languageChineseis being
substituted by the new center of culture and powerAmericawhose language is
English. Baik and Shim (1998) contended that original English words are becoming
increasingly more common than Chinese-character loanwords and that there is a
preference for English loanwords over native Korean words (p. 275). Furthermore,
Baik and Shim (1998) suggested that those English loanwords that penetrated the
language via an indirect source (namely Japan) are being replaced by Korean
renditions of the original English words.


ge-im game nek-ta-i necktie
no-teu

note nyu-seu

news
dal-leo

dollar ra-di-o

radio
reo-si-a

Russia me-nyu

menu
mi-teo

meter ba-na-na

banana
beo-seu

bus bol-pen

ballpoint pen
bi-di-o

video sya-wo

shower
sen-ti-mi-teo centimeter so-pa sofa
syo-ping

shopping syu-peo-ma-ket

supermarket
seu-ki

ski seu-teu-re-seu

stress
seu-po-cheu
9
sports a-i-seu-keu-rim

ice-cream
a-pa-teu

apartment e-eo-keon

air conditioner

Konglish
(konglish)
Konglis
(), konglish
--

There are funny Konglish translations of items other than food, too. For
example, Koreans call a blender a mixer. When someone vomits, Koreans say, He
is overeating, confusing vomiting with overeating. During sports games, Koreans
cheer their team on by shouting, Fighting! when native speakers of English would
holler, Go team, go!
Translating ones language into a foreign language requires cultural
understanding and appreciation for context and nuance. Instead of relying on
translation software or the dictionary, we should ask a native speaker to proofread our
English. Otherwise, Konglish will continue to prevail in Korea.
Konglish

konglish




Words that are derived from English but not standard English or has a different meaning
Konglish
Literal
Translation
Proper English Comment

Glamor Voluptuous
Glamor in Korean is used to
describe women with big
breasts

Diary Daily planner Diary is

Diet Losing weight
in Korean strictly
means losing weight, without
taking into account the way one
eats or the food a person
consumes

Manicure Nail polish


Meeting Blind Date


Vinyl Plastic


Cider
Soda like 7-Up or
Sprite
Cider is beverage made from
apple juice

Sign
Autograph (for
famous people
only), signature
Sign is not used as noun in
English, it is used a verb in this
case.

Sharp
A mechanical

pencil, lead pencil

Open car Convertible No such term as open car


1. Phonological Differences


Sound Common Substitution
f Korean learners of English tend to start with a p and force air between
their lips fricative. If you close your eyes, and listen to the sound produced,
it sounds almost identical to an f. However, problems arise when they
pair the substitute sound with other consonants, as in free, which sounds
markedly different when pronounced using the common f substitution
discussed here. Other times they may pronounce an f as an unmodified
p, so that the word coffee comes out as coppee.
v Korean learners of English often substitute a b sound so that Vancouver
comes out as Bancouber.
(th as in
third)
S is often substituted so that think comes out as sink.
(th as in
the)
D is often substituted so that this comes out as dis.
(zh as
in vision)
and z
Z and are both often pronounced as a vague j (d) sound, so that
zip comes out sounding like jip and pizza like pija.
The branch of phonology that deals with the restrictions on possible phonetic
combinations is called phonotactics().
Korean phonotactical rules allow for words to end only in vowels or a select
few consonants. As a result, when speaking English, Korean learners of English have
a tendency to add a vowel to an English word that ends in a consonant that could not
occur at the end of a Korean word; for example, the plural s occurs frequently in
English. However, no words end with the s sound in Korean. This is why you may
hear Korean learners of English say Englishee, and shirtsuh, instead of English
and shirts.
According to Professor Park Myung-seok, Chair of the English Department at
Dankook University, Such superfluous() vowels can be removed by
practicing letting the final consonant just fade away, rather than making it end
abruptly

konglish

2. Homologous Pairs
Understanding homologous pairs will greatly improve in English pronunciation.
Two sounds are said to be homologous when the mouth organs are moved exactly the
same way to make both sounds, the only difference being that the voice is used for
one, and the other is made without use of the voice. A voiced sound cannot be
properly reproduced without using ones voice, and an unvoiced sound cannot be
properly reproduced if ones voice is used.

1. One pair that occurs in both English and Korean is p/b and /; P is voiceless,
while b is voiced. Both English and Korean have a number of homologous pairs, so
the concept can be taught first with native Korean sounds, before being applied to
English sounds. In the table, you can see the homologous pairs identified in both
Korean and English. You should observe that the first four
pairs occur in both English and Korean, while the next pair
occurs exclusively in English (f/v). The last two pairs are
special: the unvoiced sounds occur in both Korean and
English, but the voiced sounds occur exclusively in English.

2. In Korean, voiced consonants are only positional

variants of corresponding voiceless ones: a consonant is
voiced when it comes between other voiced sounds.
Therefore, a Korean speaker tends to use a voiced consonant
instead of a correct voiceless one between voiced sounds;
for example, Pick up is often pronounced like pig up,
(Park, 1997, p. 4).
There are other consonant situations that learners of English often have trouble with,
such as p, t, and k when they occur at the end of a word (referred to as unvoiced
stops).
The p in stop phonetically is different from the p in park, for example. This is
confusing to Korean learners of English. One of the most difficult is t, which
sounds different in the words ten and city. If you listen to many American
English speakers say writing, it sounds like riding. Thus, it is common to see
Korean learners of English substituting a d for the t in words like water.

konglish
Homologous Pairs in
English and Korean
Unvoiced Voiced
K/ G/
P/ B/
CH/ J/
T/ D/
F V
S Z
SH Z

http://translate.google.com.tw/translate?hl=zh-TW&langpair=en%7Czh-TW&u=http:
//linguistics-prihantoro.blogspot.com/2009/04/english-loanwords-in-korean.html
http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?hl=zh-TW&rurl=translate.google
.com.tw&sl=zh-CN&tl=zh-TW&u=http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JFJW80
5.013.htm&usg=ALkJrhiW9_sAxR9oFFfHBym3tiotiKVSAw
http://koreanalyst.wordpress.com/2009/01/09/the-korean-learner-of-english-english
-korean-cross-linguistic-challenges/
The Korean Learner of English: English-Korean Cross-Linguistic Challenges