UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI DEPARTMENT OF LIFELONG LEARNING AND EXTENSION CERTIFICATE

Name of the Student : MANIAR AAKASH Name and Address of the College : Mithibai College of Arts, Chauhan Institute of Science & Amrutben Jivanlal College of Commerce and Economics Name of the Project in which student has enrolled : ICT-SDE Title of the Project Report : (Causes of sound pollution) Submitted to: DLLE, University of Mumbai

Signature of the student

Signature of the Teacher

Signature of Field Co-ordinator

Signature of Principal with College Seal

Signature of the Director, DLLE with Seal

Acknowledgment
Any attempt at any level can't be completed without the support and guidance of learned people. First and foremost I would like to thank DLLE (department of lifelong learning), University of Mumbai for providing me an opportunity to do my project work on CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION. It was an enriching experience to work on the same. I would like to thank my college for giving me this opportunity to contribute in some way to the social cause. I also wish to express my gratitude to Neha Singh and Swapnil Tawde student Manager for her constant support in completion of this project. Last but not least I wish to avail myself of this opportunity, express a sense of gratitude and love to my friends and my beloved parents for their manual support, strength, and help and for everything.

My Reason for joining Extension Work Activity

In our society, there are number of evils and ailments existing which may not be apparent. The extension work activities provided a platform for bringing such problems to the forefront and take small but significant steps towards alleviating the same. It has played an important role in creating awareness about the same. The main motivation factor was that it gave me an opportunity to do something for the betterment of the society. It also helped me learning new courses. In the course of collecting information about the project, it was apparent that the problem could be talked by small individual efforts.

Signature of Representative of the DLLE with the seal of Certification

Sr. No

Name of the activity such as Street Play, Songs, Posters, Allocution etc. Any other 1st Term of Training Program

Topic of the Activity (AIDS, Child Labor, Environment, Pollution, etc.)

Participation for/as writing, directing, performing, music, singing, poster Designing, painting, etc. Attended

Location/Place Date of performance and where the timings activity was held

Signature of the Extension Work Teacher

Room No-401

17/8/11 10:30 to 12:30

Meeting for preparation of career program

Attended

Room No-401

13/10/11 10:30 to 12:30

Career Fair

Exhibition

Participated

Mithibai College Entrance

20 & 21/1/12 7:00 to 2:00

2nd Term of Training Program

Attended

Room No-401

9/1/12 10:30 to 12:30

Submission of Project Report

Submitted

Room No-401

1/2/12 10:30 to 12:30

Details of participation in Extension in New Version (Online activities) of Extension Work Sr. No. Particulars Course 1 (with number of hours) Name of the Microsoft Course powerpoint 2003 (20 hrs) Online Quiz Yes attended Yes/No Material downloaded Yes/No Poster Prepared Yes/No Online Courses Course 2 (with number of hours) Computer Networkin g (40 hrs) Yes Course 3 (with number of hours) Internet (20 hrs) Total No. of hours for course 1+2+3 (Not less than 80 hours)

80 hrs

ii

Yes

iii

iv

Activity Exhibition held/Participated Attended (Exhibition/Street Play/Seminar, etc.)

vi

Courses I like

Computer networking

Part A: For the students who enrolled for Traditional Extension Activities (offline)

Had you enrolled for extension activities in the past? No What were your expectations about extension activity? The extension work is an interesting activity and hence was looking forward to carry it out with great zeal and enthusiasm. Are your expectations fulfilled? Yes Which courses have you completed through online extension activity? Computer Networking, Internet and Powerpoint Problems you faced (if any) There were some problems in the online registration process and the server being down many a times. Did you like the extension activities? Yes/ No. Please mention why. Yes Are you satisfied with the overall extension activity? Yes. It was a different activity that I have done and hence was very interesting and knowledgeable. In which mode, will you participate in extension activity if given opportunity again- Online / Offline? Please mention why? I would like to participate in online process because it provides ease and also provides all the required information to carry out extension work effectively and smoothly. How did you carry these activities? I carried out these activities by researching about causes of noise pollution online and by referring to few books. What do you learn by Extension Activities?

The extension work is instrumental in providing information to students about the society and social problems and hoe to help in solving these problems and make the society a better place to live in. I had a very knowledgeable and enriching experience carrying out the extension work activities. It changed my outlook towards society. Students should be encouraged to join such activities. Such efforts are bound to make positive impact on society. How will Extension Work help you to contribute to the society? Nation building is a commanding and a cumulative task. This task has to be accomplished through small beginnings and continued efforts. The extension work activities are a positive step in this direction. This small step can go along way in bringing about a bigger change towards better society.Our small contributions when get accumulated, go long way to building the nation. What do you say about improving Extension Work? Students should be encouraged to join extension work activities. Such efforts are bound to make positive impact on society and save the environment from noise pollution because extension work is instrumental in providing information to students about the problems and hoe to help in solving these problems and make the society a better place to live in. Your opinion about the festival I had a very knowledgeable and enriching experience attending the festival and carrying out the extension work activities. Any other innovative topic would you like to suggest? Corruption and women abuse are the challenging issue for not only India but for the entire globe so extension work on the same would create not only awareness but also help youngsters to fight against it courageously. Remarks and feedback for extension work with suggestions The extension work activities provided a platform for bringing social problems to the forefront and take small but significant steps towards alleviating the same. It has played an important role in cretaing awareness about the same. The main motivation factor was that it gave me an opportunity to do something for the betterment of the society.

CAUSES OF NOISE POLLUTION Noise is probably the most frequently forgotten of the environmental pollutants, yet its effects can be many and far-reaching. Millions of people on all continents are exposed to unhealthy levels of noise. Perhaps 150 million US citizens live in areas where the daily average noise levels exceed the US Environmental Protection Agency's safe noise level of an average of 55 decibels. What is a truly safe level of noise is controversial; levels of between 55 and 65 dB have been used for planning purposes in the USA and have been called "acceptable". In Hong Kong over a million people live in even noisier environments. The sources of noise pollution vary. In some places noise from construction projects predominates, while in others it is vehicular traffic or noise from airports. Other sources include the noise in occupational settings or even the noise of simultaneous conversations. It also seems from a number of studies that intermittent noise is more of a problem than noise of a similar intensity which is constant. Noise pollution affects nearly every aspect of life and probably has damaging physical effects as well. The best-studied and best-defined effect on physical health is the effect of noise on hearing. The research results are clear: loud or sustained noise can damage hearing. The source of the noise is not very important; it can be a pile driver or rock music. What is important is that it can have a lasting impact. Noise pollution also impacts people's sleep. It can result in mood problems and adversely affect job performance. (See our section on insomnia for more information on the effects of disturbed sleep and steps to take to improve insomnia.) Several research studies suggest that noise can cause high blood pressure. Others say that psychiatric diseases can be caused by noise. Some of these studies are controversial and are contested by other researchers because so many variables such as age, overall state of health, diet, smoking and drinking habits, socioeconomic factors, and other sources of environmental and social stress must also be taken into account. It is clear, however, that noise, even though a "non-specific stressor", does cause a physical response. It elicits the same responses as a perceived physical threat would produce: it activates the nervous system, causes the muscles to tense and the heart rate and respiratory rate to increase and prepares the body to fight or to run away. This response-called the "fight or flight" response-underlies all responses to stress. The long-term effects of this kind of stimulus, of being ready to flee or give battle, are not completely understood. Being continuously under stress is something like sitting on the edge of your chair or waiting for the other shoe to drop. Your body isn't quite sure what will happen next or how to respond, and that state constant confusion has been implicated in the development of a

number of diseases. It is also important to remember that people who sense that they have some control over what happens in their lives are impacted less strongly by stressors than those who feel they have no control, and noise is something over which we have very little control. (See our section on stress for more information about these important problems.) Noise affects us in another significant way: people exposed to noise feel a greater sense of frustration and annoyance than people whose environment is not as noisy. Annoyance is the expression of the negative feelings experienced when one's activities or the enjoyment of one's surroundings are disrupted. Annoyance can have a major impact on the quality of life and is generally a variable examined when studying the impact of noise. In addition to the other environmental pollutants, noise can affect not only our moods but also our physical well being, and, just like water and air pollution, must be subject to greater study and more stringent controls. The sources/causes of noise pollution increased or probably originated with the invention of machines. Let us have a look at the various noise pollution causes in detail. Traffic: It is the biggest source of noise pollution in today's times, especially in urban areas. In the past few years the number of automobile vehicles has increased manifold. Thus, traffic problems created by these vehicles is an important source of noise pollution. The sound produced by the exhaust systems of trucks, autos, buses, motorcycles, etc. cause a lot of noise. Railway Stations: Locomotive engines of trains are an important source of noise pollution. Besides, the shunting and switching operations in rail yards too cause noise pollution to a great extent. The whistles and horns being used by the railway employees add to the effect and increase noise pollution. Aircraft: The national parks and wastelands were earlier considered to be the pollution free zones and people traveled to these places for relaxation. Nowadays, however, the sound created by low flying military aircraft causes noise pollution in these areas too. Industrial Noise: The various machines used in industries are also a major cause of noise pollution. The different machines which are responsible for creating noise include the compressors, motors and other machinery. It is therefore recommended to grow trees in the premises of industries, which act as absorbents of noise. The trees grown in the premises of 'Tata Motors' an automobile company based in India is a perfect example of how to reduce noise pollution in the industrial belts. Read more on effects of industrial noise pollution. Construction Equipment: The different types of machines and equipment used in construction of roads and buildings is also an important cause behind noise pollution. The machinery used for the purpose of construction includes pneumatic hammers, bulldozers, air compressors, dump trucks, loaders, sidewalk breakers, etc. is also responsible for noise pollution to a great extent.

Household Equipment: The household equipment are amongst the minor contributors to noise pollution. These machines include mixers, vacuum cleaners and other noise creating equipment. The effects of noise pollution caused by these machines shouldn't be neglected. This is because one has to work in close contact with the equipment and the magnitude of sound that one needs to bear is high. Other Causes: The boilers, plumbing equipment, air conditioners, generators and fans contribute to noise pollution to some extent. Noise created by people in public places too is a major contributor amongst different sources. Loudspeakers used in public places are responsible for creating noise of a high degree/amplitude.

There are some things you can do to help yourself while governments get around to tightening the standards for noise pollution, though: --You can use air conditioning to allow you to keep windows closed during the noisiest times of the day. This is of course only an interim solution, since air conditioning uses more electricity which raises your energy costs and also requires more power plants which in turn create more air or other forms of pollution. Furthermore, when rooms are closed up indoor air pollution becomes a problem. But it can be a good short-term solution. --You can buy small noise-canceling devices which sample the frequencies of sound and create other sound waves which in essence collide with the noxious sounds and batter them into other, less disturbing sounds. These devices are relatively new and have not been proven to be fully effective, though. --You can use other sound-generating devices such as stereo systems, which cover up some of the more disturbing sounds with more pleasurable ones. This a short-term solution, however, since the underlying sounds are still present. --You can learn some of the techniques described in our section on Stress to lessen the impact unpleasant sounds may have on you. When you are more relaxed in general, big annoyances become little annoyances and may disappear altogether. When you learn to truly relax, you may find that sounds which were once of great concern simply fade away into the background. --And of course, if none of the other suggestions works, you can become active in your community to work with your local authorities to devise solutions to the problem of noise pollution which may be uniquely suited to you and to the place you live, making life wherever you may be better for everyone. The major noise pollution causes or sources are the automobiles and different types of machines. Regular servicing of automobiles could help in reducing the intensity of sound produced by them. Lubricating the machines used in day-to-day life prove to be helpful in their smooth (noiseless) functioning. Use of loudspeakers should be prohibited in public places. Soundproofing materials need to be used in the house to reduce noise pollution.

Signature of the Extension Teacher

Signature of Field Co-ordinator

Signature of Principal with College Seal