VOL 2 NR 2 JUNIE 2011 R18,00 (BTW ingesl) ISSN: 2078-7936

OOIVLEIS ED MEAT
S P R E E K B U I S VA N D I E R O O I V L E I S P R O D U S E N T E - O R G A N I S A S I E

www.rpo.co.za

VOER VIR BOKKE

CPA

NEW BREED

FOCUS ON WESTERN CAPE

Kom ons praat / Lets talk

National animal health issues

by Gerhard Schutte, CEO: RPO Animal production plays a major role in generating foreign currency and food security. It is a fact that 40% of all livestock in South Africa belongs to the emerging sector. Thus, livestock production also plays a major role in food security for the rural poor. Therefore, the health and well-being of both the animal and human populations of South Africa is critical. It is also crucial that South Africa has an excellent standing in terms of international health (OIE) and the trade arena.

Current disease situation

South Africa is in the grip of probably the biggest foot-and-mouth disease outbreak in history. After many decades of being dormant, Rift Valley Fever reared its head again in 2010 and has since been responsible for the deaths of 26 people, and huge losses in the cattle and small stock industries due to mortalities and abortions. An outbreak of Avian Influenza resulted in the termination of ostrich exports recently. African Horse Sickness is currently having a devastating impact on the horse industry.

Constructive proposals
Upgrade international animal health fences and border control. Re-erect buffer zone fences and do frequent surveillance in high risk areas for foot and mouth disease. Fill vacant posts and consider community veterinarian services, as well as making use of private veterinarians. Animal health technicians should be employed under the supervision of a qualified veterinarian.

Re-capitalise Onderstepoort Biologica Products (OBP) and the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) foot-mouth disease lab. Implement a disaster management plan, managed by national veterinary services. Recognise and adhere to OIE-guidelines in relation to sphere of reporting linkages, i.e. national, provincial and municipalities. Give recognition to the Animal Health Forum, because of its inclusiveness of all stake holders in livestock and animal health industries and their wide national, demographic and commodity-based representation in the commercial and emerging sectors. Public private initiatives are crucial to deal with these challenges. Approach the National Treasury for financial support to deal with the current foot-andmouth outbreaks, as it could take three to five years for South Africa to regain its free zone status. R

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Inhoudsopgawe

Inhoudsopgawe
1 Let's talk

Editorial committee
Managing editor Editor Sub-editor Features writes Journalists Production manager Layout artist Contributions retha@agriconnect.co.za 012 843 5714 Advertising Monique van der Walt monique@agriconnect.co.za 012 843 5697 Account enquiries Charlene Potgieter 012 843 5703 RPO head office Jacolene du Toit 012 348 1933 jdutoit@lantic.net Members Lardus van Zyl Koos Dafel Dr Pieter Prinsloo John Drr Andr Ferreira Willie Clack Contributors Dr Chris van Dijk Linde du Toit Johan Bothma Gerhard Schutte Karin Espag Gilla Brunt Retha Fourie Liza Bohlmann Fidelis Zvomuya Leza Putter Olga Venter

Tendense
5 Marktendense vir bees- en skaapvleis

Main feature
10 Get your act together

Artikel
15 Gesondheidsforum kry nuwe lewe

RPO Current
18 25 30 35 Should we frack for gas? RPO Wes-Kaap staan sterk Vleisflitse / Meat minute RPO Kontakbesonderhede

Tegnologie
36 Voer vir baasbokke 42 Afrikaner Beefalo's onder ontwikkeling 46 Veearts op roep Reg vir dekking

Koos van der Ryst Jaco Mar James Faber Hendrik Botha Japie Ellis

Research
49 Better heartwater vaccine test 52 Cut the gut gas

Dr Helena Steyn Pieter Cornelius

Opleiding & verbruikersopvoeding

54 Instrukteurs ken hul storie 57 Vars skaapvleis kry voorkeur

Printers Ultra Litho 011 621 3300

Provisional member Rooivleis/Red Meat (ISSN: 2078-7936) is published quarterly by Agri Connect (Pty) Ltd for the Red Meat Producers Organisation PO Box 1284 Pretoria 0001 South Africa Tel 012 843 5600 Fax 012 804 9531

Trade
58 Cleavers vir top-slagters 61 Red meat recovering 64 Stroganoff-frikkadelle maak koue aande warmer

Expressions of opinions, claims and statement of supposed facts, do not necessarily reflect the views of Rooivleis/Red Meat, its editor or publisher. While every effort is made to report accurately, Rooivleis/ Red Meat, its editor or publisher, do not necessarily accept any liability with regard to any statement, advertisement, fact or recommendation made in this magazine. Copyright: Rooivleis/Red Meat

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Tendense

bees- en skaapvleis
deur Pieter Cornelius Die pryse in die onderstaande tabel is die pryse wat produsente ontvang van abattoirs en sluit die vyfde kwart in maar sluit BTW uit.
Jongste maandelikse produsenteprysinligting Item April 11 vorige maand BEESTE verkooppryse aan abattoirs (c/kg) A2/A3s AB2/AB3s B2/B3s C2/C3s Netto speenkalfprys (c/kg) 2 592 2 453 2 285 2 183 1 706 2 743 2 581 2 415 2 216 1 678 SKAPE verkooppryse aan abattoirs (c/kg) A2/A3s AB2/AB3s B2/B3s C2/C3s 4 088 3 500 3 339 2 989 4 246 3 723 3 709 3 134 3 540 2 850 2 835 2 441 4 494 3 846 3 629 3 432 4 776 4 148 3 939 3 763 2 447 2 275 2 040 1 872 1 495 2 477 2 396 2 320 2 320 1 682 2 481 2 412 2 387 2 393 1 738 April 10 voorspelling Jun 11 Jul 11

Marktendense vir

Tendense in speenkalfpryse
Figuur 1: voorspelling van speenkalfpryse

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Figuur 2: Langtermyn tendense in die produsentepryse van beesvleis

Die netto produsenteprys (plaashekprys) van ligte speenkalwers (190kg tot 240kg) het in April 2011 in totaal met 1,7% gestyg teenoor die vorige maand (Figuur 1). Die gemiddelde speenkalfprys in April is ook 7,6% hor as die voorspelde prys vir April soos in die vorige verslag in Rooivleis vermeld. Gebaseer op die afgelope 28 jaar se maandelikse speenkalfpryse, was die kans dat die prys in April kon styg, slegs 50,0%. Vir Mei word verwag dat die gemiddelde speenkalfprys moontlik verder opwaarts kan neig en gebaseer op die afgelope 28 jaar se gemiddelde maandelikse speenkalfpryse is die waarskynlikheid vir n styging in Mei in totaal 64,3%.

In April 2011, jaar-op-jaar, was die gemiddelde produsentepryse van Klas A2/A3, B2/B3 en C2/ C3 in totaal onderskeidelik 6,0%, 12,0% en 16,7% hor.

Vooruitskatting van Klas A2/A3 beesvleis

Figuur 3 toon die seisoenale tendens van Klas A2/A3 beesvleispryse en n prysvoorspelling oor die volgende ses maande. Die gemiddelde produsenteprys van die A2/ A3s was in April 2011 in totaal 5,5% laer as in die voorgaande maand, en ook 7,4% laer as die voorspelde prys vir April in die vorige verslag (sien die stippellyn in Figuur 3). Hierdie prysdaling in April veroorsaak gevolglik dat die voorspelde pryse vir Junie tot Oktober afwaarts verskuif.

Langtermyn beesvleisprystendense
Figuur 2 toon die langtermyn tendense van die onderskeie beesvleisklasse.

Figuur 3: voorspelling van Klas A2/A3 beesvleis van Mei tot Oktober 2011

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Tendense

Figuur 4: Langtermyn tendense in huidpryse

Vir Mei word verwag dat die gemiddelde prys van Klas A2/A3 beesvleis sywaarts/afwaarts gaan beweeg en gebaseer op die afgelope 13 jaar se maandelikse pryse, is die waarskynlikheid vir n daling van April na Mei 69,2%.

Invoerdata vanaf Namibi en oorsee is net beskikbaar tot onderskeidelik Desember 2010 en Februarie 2011. In Februarie het Suid-Afrika 386 ton beesvleis van oorsee ingevoer, wat 54,4% minder was as in die vorige maand en 39,4% minder as in die ooreenstemmende maand n jaar gelede. Die tonnemaat sluit afval, lewer en tong uit. Oor die eerste twee maande van 2011 het Suid-Afrika in totaal 1 232 ton beesvleis van oorsee ingevoer, wat 16,1% minder was as in dieselfde maande in 2010. Die hoof-uitvoerlande van beesvleis na SuidAfrika in Julie was Uruguay (48,4%), Ierland (39,1%) en Australi (12,4%).

Langtermyn tendense in huidpryse

Figuur 4 toon die gemiddelde maandelikse pryse van voerkraal- en veldhuide (groen). In April 2011 het die gemiddelde pryse van voerkraal- en veldhuide met 6,5% en 8,4% teenoor die vorige maand gedaal, maar is nog 40,4% en 53,0% hor as in April 2009, toe pryse op die onderste draaipunt van die trog verkeer het.

Invoer van beesvleis

Figuur 5 toon die invoere vanaf oorsee en Namibi. Figuur 5: Invoere van beesvleis

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Figuur 6: Langtermyn tendense in die produsentepryse van skaapvleis

Langtermyn skaapvleisprystendense
Figuur 6 toon die langtermyn tendense van die onderskeie skaapvleisklasse. In Desember het die gemiddelde prys van Klas A2/A3 n rekord hoogtepunt bereik met n gemiddeld van 4 641c/kg, maar het daarna weer met 11,9% teruggeval tot n gemiddeld van 4 088c/kg in April 2011. Die ho prys in Desember kan hoofsaaklik toegeskryf word aan faktore soos Slenkdalkoors en veediefstal, wat produsente uit die bedryf dwing. In April, jaar-op-jaar, was die gemiddelde produsentepryse van Klas A2/A3, Klas B2/B3 en Klas C2/C3 skaapvleis onderskeidelik 15,5%, 17,8% en 22,4% hor.

Vooruitskatting van Klas A2/A3 lamvleis

Figuur 7 toon die seisoenale tendens van Klas A2/A3 lamvleispryse en n prysvoorspelling oor die volgende ses maande. Die gemiddelde produsenteprys van Klas A2/A3 lamvleis was in April 2011 in totaal 3,7% laer in vergeleke met die vorige maand en 0,3% hor as die prys soos in die vorige verslag vir April voorspel is (stippellyn). Die verwagting is dat die gemiddelde prys van die A2/A3s in Mei opwaarts gaan beweeg, en wel 5,4% hor as wat in die vorige verslag voorspel is. Gevolglik word verwag dat die voorspelde pryse vir Mei tot Oktober opwaarts skuif. Vir Mei word n styging in die prys van die A2/ A3s verwag en gebaseer op die afgelope 18 jaar

Figuur 7: voorspelling van Klas A2/A3 pryse vir Mei tot Oktober 2011

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Tendense

Figuur 8: Langtermyn tendense in velpryse

se pryse, is die kans 72,2% dat die gemiddelde prys van in Mei hor as in April gaan wees.

Invoer van skaapvleis

Figuur 9 toon die invoere vanaf oorsee (tot Februarie 2011) en Namibi (tot Desember 2010). In Februarie 2011 het SuidAfrika 336 ton skaapvleis (afval uitgesluit) van oorsee ingePieter Cornelius voer, wat 28,4% minder was as in die vorige maand en 38,5% minder was as dieselfde maand in 2010. Gedurende die eerste twee maande van 2011 het die invoere vanaf oorsee 805 ton beloop, wat 30,5% minder was as in dieselfde maande in 2010. Vir nadere inligting, skakel die outeur by 012 348 0374 of stuur n e-pos aan pieter@ amtrends.co.za R

Langtermyn velprystendense
Figuur 8 toon die gemiddelde maandelikse pryse van dorper- en merino-velle (groen). Dit blyk uit Figuur 8 dat die gemiddelde prys van dorper- en merino-velle (groen) in teenstelling met huidpryse steeds opwaarts neig. In April 2011 was die gemiddelde velpryse van dorpers en merinos onderskeidelik 4,0% en 5,0% hor as in die voorafgaande maand en ook 37,3% en 77,2% hor as in dieselfde maand n jaar gelede. Die gemiddelde pryse van dorper- en merino-velle was in April 2011 onderskeidelik R43,68/vel en R454,90/vel. Figuur 9: Invoere van skaapvleis

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Main feature Marktendense

Get your
act together
one of the most controversial provisions of the new Consumer Protection Act is that the liability for the quality of products can be traced back to the point of origin.
Long gone are the days where only the retailer was liable for any complaints. As from now, the entire distribution channel will have to answer for anything that goes wrong. Ina Wilken, vice-chairperson of the National Consumer Forum, says if a consumer for example buys any meat from a butchery and someone becomes ill after eating that meat, the liability for the product could be traced back to its origin, which is the farm. According to Ina, the farmer will therefore need to be able to provide precise evidence of any medicine the specific animal was treated with, including any vaccinations given. Farmers will have to keep accurate records of all treatments, which abattoir the cow was sent to, as well as the name of the butcher, wholesaler and/or end seller/retailer. It is therefore of the utmost importance that everyone in this chain will keep all original documentation, in case any enquiries arise. On the product itself, the weight per unit price, anything with which the product was treated and whether it was genetically modified, as well as the details regarding that modification, should be clearly stated. Ina warns that the consumer should under no circumstances be misled or brought under a false impression. She says, however, those who have done everything correct so far, have nothing to worry about. The consumer just asks for disclosure and now has an Act that he can turn to, she says. To shed more light on the impact that the Consumer Protection Act will have on the red meat industry, Janusz Lutarek, a lawyer specialising on agricultural and consumer issues, points out what producers should be aware of. The Act will impact each and every transaction in South Africa where a consumer is involved anywhere in the chain, from farm to fork. The purpose of the Consumer Protection Act, is to protect private individuals who are consumers, irrespective of their status or income, from exploitation of any sort by business, as well as assuring them of safe, good quality products on which they can rely, as well as labelling and advertising that they can believe and trust. The legislator also saw fit that small businesses with an annual turnover of below R2 million at the time of the transaction should be treated as consumers. If you are a franchisor, it does
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not stop there: a franchisee or a prospective franchisee, regardless of status or turnover, is granted rights against the franchisor with respect to various contractual and fairness issues in the relationship. In Janusz opinion, probably the most far reaching impacts of the Act are the consumers right to safe, good quality goods fit for purpose, regardless of their price. All products have to meet the safety and quality requirements of this law, in addition to that prescribed in any other law such as the Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act, the Agricultural Products Standards Act, Meat Safety Act, R918 under the Health Act, and the like.

The Act will impact each and every

transaction in South Africa where a consumer is involved anywhere in the chain, from farm to fork

and investigation. In some cases this could even lead to a referral of the complaint by the commission to the National Consumer Tribunal for a hearing if at the hearing the supplier is found guilty of a prohibited activity under the Consumer Protection Act, a fine of up to R1 000 000 or 10% of the suppliers turnover may be levied. The Act goes even further: If that unsafe or defective product, such as an adulterated foodstuff with a hazardous additive (such as dioxin) or an undeclared allergen (such as gluten or soy in a beef patty) has caused anyone to suffer any harm or a product has caused any damage to property, then the importer, producer, distributor and retailer, will be held jointly and separately liable, irrespective of whether they were negligent or not. This is termed strict liability or no fault liability. As can be gleaned from the terminology, liability arises without fault on the part of anyone in the supply chain, as long as the product was unsafe, defective or hazardous, or there were insufficient instructions regarding the storage or preparation of a meat product. Warnings on the product of harm or damage which may follow the use or incorrect use thereof, for example if it is thawed and refrozen ineptly, should be included. In short, if the product causes harm or damage, someone in the supply chain will almost inevitably be liable to pay the consumer for any harm or damage suffered by them. Any number of such situations arise at the consumer level in the food industry daily and whereas in the past these were often solved cheaply with a voucher and an apology, and rarely a small sum of money, consumers will no longer be fobbed off by the voucher and will insist on real compensation for harm, inconvenience, loss of earnings, medical expenses, and, in the most extreme cases, even future care and medical expenses.

If this warranty of quality and safety is not met, the consumer can simply return the product for a refund or exchange, at the risk and expense of the supplier - and the choice of a refund or an exchange is solely up to the consumer. The importer, manufacturer, distributor and retailer each provides this warranty and the consumer cannot be referred from pillar to post. Thus, if a consumer approaches a wholesaler regarding a replacement, he cannot be referred back to the retailer and likewise the retailer cannot refer a consumer onward to the manufacturer or importer, although the defective product may very well be sent to the importer or a manufacturer for a report. Of course, this has to happen very rapidly: the consumer is entitled to feedback within a maximum of 10 or 15 days. So failing, the consumer may simply escalate their complaint to the Consumer Commission for evaluation

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Main feature

Procedure
The Consumer Protection Act provides a simplified redress mechanism whereby consumers will lodge a complaint with an ombudsman, where there is one for that specific industry, or directly with the Consumer Commission, who will then investigate and pursue matters with merit on behalf of the consumer, up to the point where liability has been determined by the tribunal. A court hearing arguments as to the damage a consumer has suffered, cannot question the finding on liability by the tribunal. The need for clear, unambiguous instructions and warnings of the fact and nature of risks posed by a meat product should not be forgotten, as it is one of the main sources of consumer claims in the USA, where consumers have successfully held manufacturers liable for harm suffered as a result of unclear or insufficient instructions or warnings. This has lead to the Warning: Coffee hot and may burn you culture of product warnings and instructions. We often laugh at stories from the USA about awards to consumers for claims arising from events such as a person setting a vehicle to cruise control and going to the back to make coffee resulting in an accident (as it is cruise control and not auto-pilot). However, these type of claims, even if not the same in magnitude, will be coming here soon. Thus, a consumer who consumes a beef patty that has E.Coli or an undeclared allergen such as soy or gluten, or has been adulterated by dioxin or some other hazardous substance, may claim against the retailer who sold him the patty, the manufacturer who produced it, as well as the ingredient supplier who supplied the meat without ensuring it is safe for consumers. In the proceedings, the retailer may well have a defence under the Consumer

Protection Act and may be held not liable, thereby leaving the ingredient supplier and the manufacturer liable for the harm caused. There may even be a class action lawsuit on behalf of a whole class of harmed consumers. The scope of the Consumer Protection Act reaches far beyond that discussed above and includes topics such as mandatory product recalls where products are unsafe or may cause harm or damage to property, deceptive and misleading marketing and labelling practices, overselling and poor delivery and other services, failure to comply with each of these leading to a possible finding that a prohibited activity has been engaged in, and a fine as described above.

These type of claims, even if

not the same in magnitude, will be coming here soon

As can be clearly seen from the above that a paradigm shift has taken place, in the sense that with the new Consumer Protection Act, consumers rights should be taken as seriously, if not more seriously, as the Competition Law. Consumers will also need lawyers who understand the science and engineering of the industry in which one operates, especially where product quality and safety, as well as the new no fault product liability, are concerned.

For more information in this regard, contact Janusz Luterek at janusz@hahnlaw.co.za or visit www.hahnlaw.co.za or the National Consumer Forum at www.ncf.org.za. R

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Artikel

Gesondheidsforum

kry nuwe lewe

deur retha Fourie

'n Herniede poging word tans aangewend om alle instansies wat by dieregesondheid betrokke is, op n forum bymekaar te kry vir beter kordinasie van kwessies van nasionale belang. Dit sluit al die diereproduksie-organisasies en die nasionale sowel as provinsiale regeringsinstansies in.

Hierdie poging kom nadat die aanvanklike poging vier jaar gelede deur dr Pieter Vervoort, sameroeper van die Animal Health Forum (AHF), skipbreuk gely het. Ernstige probleme op die gebied van dieregesondheid die afgelope tyd het hom en ander rolspelers egter genoop om weer die skip in vaarwater te probeer kry. Dr Vervoort s hulle het n paar jaar gelede al, in 2007, n konsultant aangestel om n verslag op te stel oor n aantal sake wat dringende aandag verlang het en na hulle mening onder die minister se aandag moes kom. Die verslag is na me Lulu Xingwana, destydse minister van landbou, gestuur. Die forum het egter geen reaksie daarop ontvang nie, waarna hulle spesifiek reaksie aangevra het, maar steeds nie reaksie gekry nie. Siektes soos bek-en-klouseer, Europese varkgriep, tuberkulose, bruselose en dies meer kry volgens hom nie die aandag wat nodig is nie, weens te min kommunikasie tussen die staat, privaatveeartse en diereproduksie-organisasies. As daardie drie groepe nie saamwerk nie, dan het ons probleme, s hy. Ander aspekte waaroor hulle in die verslag aandag vra sluit in duidelikheid oor die rigting waarin die Universiteit van Pretoria se

Navorsingsinstituut vir Veeartsenykunde by Onderstepoort beweeg, die behoefte aan navorsing, die produksie van entstof, die toestand van die provinsiale navorsingstasies, die platteland wat besig is om van veeartse te ontvolk en die groot aantal poste wat in die staat en die provinsiale veeartsenydienste vakant is.

Dr Vervoort s baie verantwoordelikhede is na die provinsies afgewentel, maar die provinsies besef nie altyd die noodsaaklikheid daarvan nie. Wat baie kommerwekkend is, is die feit Dr Pieter Vervoort dat dieregesondheid in sommige gevalle na munisipale vlak afgestoot is en dat dit daar nie eens onder n veearts val nie. Di kwessies is alles op die langtermyn van nasionale belang. Daar moet volgens dr Vervoort ook gekyk word na sake soos die situasie van vleishigine en vleisinspeksie, hoewel di sake skynbaar intussen aandag begin kry het.

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Artikel

Dr Vervoort s n voorbeeld van wat hulle deur die forum wil verhoed, is die onlangse bek-en-klouseerfiasko wat getoon het dat die nasionale departement van landbou volgens hom nie genoeg gesag het nie. Die nasionale departement moet die provinsies nou letterlik mooi vra om sekere dinge te doen. Dt terwyl die algemene persepsie is dat dinge van nasionale belang deur die nasionale departement hanteer word. Intussen meen die AHF dat die samewerking wat tussen die boere, klein sowel as kommersile boere, die nasionale en provinsiale organisasies en die departement van landbou in plek moet wees, nie op die vlak is wat dit moet wees nie, en dat minister Tina Joemat-Pettersson dringend aandag daaraan moet skenk. Dis waarom ons besluit het om al die organisasies bymekaar te roep. Ek dink almal besef daar is n behoefte vir so n organisasie - die nasionale departement en die meeste diereproduksie-organisasies besef dit ook. Daar is dalk een of twee wat s hulle het hulle eie kontakte met die regering en dat hulle dit so wil hou. Die res van ons voel ons het as n groep n groter kans om sukses te behaal. Dan hoef die departement of die minister of direkteur nie met elke klein belangegroep te praat nie. Hulle kan dan net oorkoepelend met een groep praat, s dr Vervoort. In hierdie stadium het die forum reeds die afbakening vir die ondersoek geformuleer en is dit deur die interimraad goedgekeur. Die volgende stap is dat dit eers na al die verteenwoordigende organisasies uitgestuur gaan word en van daar wil hulle kyk of hulle weer die kanale na die departement van landbou, en veral die minister, kan oopkry. Die lede van die forum sal finansieel bydra sodat hulle n persoon kan aanstel om dit te bestuur. Ons uiteindelike doelwit is n goed georganiseerde, samewerkende forum wat

volgens n noodplan kan optree wanneer n krisis uitbreek. Daar is baie goeie mense in verskeie posisies in die departement, maar dit sal goed wees as ons net die politieke steun ook kan kry. Dr Vervoort meen dis uiters noodsaaklik dat alle rolspelers tydens n siekte-uitbraak gou bymekaar kan kom en uit een mond kan praat. Met verwysing na die bek-en-klouvoorval van vroer vanjaar, s hy: Iemand moes dit sien kom het.

Ons uiteindelike doelwit is n goed

georganiseerde, samewerkende forum wat volgens n noodplan kan optree wanneer n krisis uitbreek

Al die berigte was teenstrydig. Dis belaglik. Dit lyk gelukkig of ons redelik lig daarvan gaan af kom, maar dit kon n absolute fiasko gewees het. Dit gaan egter ons uitvoere vir die volgende paar jaar raak; moenie dink dis iets wat sommer vinnig gaan weggaan nie, s hy. Volgens dr Vervoort was daar vroer altyd baie goeie samewerking tussen n groot klomp privaat veeartse. As daar n uitbraak is, was daar altyd n klomp privaat veeartse wat baie nou geskakel het met mense in die omgewing en die staatsveearts. Dit het baie goed gewerk. Dis daardie informele kommunikasie wat belangrik is." Dr Vervoort s daar is oor die algemeen genoeg veeartse, maar te min wat in die landbou belang stel. Veeartse wat deesdae by Onderstepoort gradueer, dink volgens hom nie eens aan die staat as n moontlike werkgewer nie. Dis verkeerd. My generasie het vroer beurse by die staat gekry en geweet daar l n goeie loopbaan in die staat voor. Dis nog oral in die wreld so, net nie meer in Suid-Afrika nie. R
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Should we
frack for gas?
by retha Fourie

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rPo Current

We can live without gas and electricity, but i am afraid, not water! These words by Mara rennie echo the feelings of not only Karoo farm owners and residents, but environmentalists and most south Africans who treasure the natural beauty of our unique Karoo.

Maras plea followed the news that Royal Dutch Shell considers mining for shale gas in the Karoo by use of fracking, which is the process of initiating and subsequently propagating a fracture in a rock layer, employing the pressure of a fluid as the source of energy. The fracturing is done from a wellbore drilled into reservoir rock formations, in order to increase the extraction and ultimate recovery rates of oil and natural gas (Wikipedia). However, now Cabinet has put a moratorium on mining licenses in the Karoo, where fracking is proposed. A multi-disciplinary team, led by the Department of Minerals, will now fully research the implications of the proposed fracking. The team will also include representatives of the Departments of Trade and Industry and Science and Technology. Cabinet has said that the clean environment together with all the ecological aspects will in no way be compromised. This comes after Agri SA, on behalf of its nine provincial and 26 commodity organisations, asked the minister of mineral resources, Susan Shabangu, on 26 March to impose a moratorium on hydraulic fracturing in shale gas prospecting and exploration in South Africa, until a proper environmental impact assessment (EIA) has proven the process to be environmentally safe, especially with respect to the possible negative impact of this process on the availability and quality of underground water resources, on which agricultural production and the livelihoods of

rural communities depend. But what could happen if Shell (or any other organisation) is given the green light for the fracking process? In its letter to Minister Shabangu, Agri SA listed several questions regarding: a. Drilling, resource utilisation and outputs: How does this compare with more familiar drilling rigs and drilling techniques that are used in groundwater exploration on farms in the target region? Why does the exploration programme not provide for initial shallow (~200m deep) drilling to obtain shale core sample data? Why is the exploration programme not considering horizontal drilling as an alternative to fracking? What is the volume of material that will be removed in the drilling process under various scenarios of depth/diameter of holes? How will the exploratory wells be sealed to prevent contamination of groundwater or damage to production aquifers? How will discharge water be managed? How will contamination and/or damage to production aquifers be remediated? How long would drill teams be resident on farms during exploratory drilling operations, how large are these teams and what provision is made for their accommodation, catering, ablution, waste disposal and good conduct? b. evaluation of gas flow: What volumes of water may be required weekly/monthly and annually for fracking
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under various scenarios of well depth, hole diameter, geological conditions, and (a) exploration and (b) production? What type of machinery and water storage capacity is required to inject water at the requisite pressures for rock to release trapped gas under the scenarios sketched above? What, technically, is envisaged with respect to the capture and conversion of gas into energy? What happens to the water that is pumped into geological structures and formations?

A multi disciplinary team, led by

the Department of Minerals, will now fully research the implications of the proposed fracking

c. Fracking fluids: What are the chemicals and their respective proportions that make up the cocktail of lubricants for the fracking process? Is diesel one of these chemicals? What risks do these substances hold to human and animal health, and for biota if released into the terrestrial and aquatic environments? d. environmental limitations: The Karoo is a naturally arid region, with MAR ranging from less than 100mm to 500mm. Groundwater is the major source of water for human and economic use in the region. Saline soils are an indicator for severely degraded veld. The salinity of water is a major limiting factor in determining fitness for use in drier conditions where dilution is not an option for water managers. Ecosystems in the Nama Karoo and Succulent Karoo are

particularly at risk from climate change through rising temperatures, decreasing rainfall and changes in rainfall frequency and seasonality. In these circumstances of natural aridity, major socio-economic dependence on groundwater and extreme vulnerability to climate change, it is incumbent upon Shell and its advisers to urgently explain why limitations on water availability do not constitute an abundantly evident fatal flaw to this project, and why it should not be immediately discontinued. In addition, what are the environmental risks of using undiluted sea water, or water classiffied as saline, during drilling and fracking operations to production aquifers, groundwater-dependent ecosystems and biota, veld condition, and human and animal health and wellbeing? With respect to the use of sea water, how is it proposed that sufficient volumes be taken from the coast, more than 150km away, through at least two mountain ranges, to be available for drilling and fracking at remote locations on farms? Is the use of subterranean fossil water being contemplated and, if so, what are the implications of exploiting this resource for water security in the region? The EIA, according to Agri SA, should include: The fact that South Africa is a water-scarce country, and that agricultural water supplies need to be utilised as optimally as possible. In this regard, agriculture stands to be significantly jeopardised by the anticipated large-scale use of water by the proposed gas exploration project, and specifically its fracking component. Althought this area does not have high potential land that is suitable for intensive agricultural production, the availability of water is absolutely critical

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for sustaining extensive livestock husbandry in the region. Agriculture forms the economic foundation of the region that has been targeted for gas exploration. Towns and the rural economy effectively lend their existence and welfare to agriculture. It follows that any adverse impact on agriculture will have an undesirable socio-economic knock-on effect in a region that is already under major stress and hardship as a result of widespread unemployment. Besides being the mainstay of the regional economy, wool production is a major generator of foreign currency through export earnings. Any enterprise that threatens the wool sector would not only have adverse repercussions for agriculture, but the entire economy and livelihood security in the region. But are we not over-reacting? By the looks of what is going on in the rest of the world, according to a BBC-report, the answer is a definite no.

health. Meanwhile, the state of New Jersey declared itself a no fracking zone in March 2011 and the cities of Buffalo and Pittsburgh have banned fracking from taking place within their boundaries.

But are we not over-reacting? By the

looks of what is going on in the rest of the world, according to a BBC-report, the answer is a definite `no

International views
In the USA, at federal level, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has conducted a scientific study of fracking of which the findings are only expected to be made public at the end of 2012. At state level, New York State placed a moratorium on hydraulic fracturing in December 2010. This was in reaction to concerns similar to what was mentioned in the moratorium request. In addition, in the state of Maryland, state lawmakers placed a moratorium on drilling in March 2011, until the Department of the Environment completes a two-year study on the impacts on drinking water and public

As regards the concerns relating to fracking in the United Kingdom, the risks were mentioned in two documents, the Tyndall Report of January 2011 which states a clear risk of contamination of groundwater from shale gas extraction and the Corrected Transcript of the Oral Evidence Taken Before the Energy and Climate Change Committee (E&CCC Transcript), which revealed that prominent British academics were highly critical of, among other things, the environmental risks associated with fracking. Evidence given before the E&CCC included the proposal that the UK should introduce a moratorium. In Canada, environmental authorities produced the Bureau d'audiences publiques surl'environnement (BAPE) Report, which stated that a high percentage of unexpected natural gas emissions observed from wells pose a risk of explosion, and that little is known about the seismic risks associated with the industry. And in France a bill was approved that would ban shale gas drilling due to environmental concerns. However, Prime Minister Francois Fillon said that France will not rule out research to develop new forms of the technology that would be less damaging to the environment. R

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BEST QUALITY STEEL STRUCTURES FOR THE FARMER BESTE GEHALTE STAAL STRUKTURE VIR DIE BOER

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Louis Wessels (vise-voorsitter), Dawie Albertyn, Dean Heyns, Willem Engelbrecht, Gideon Mocke, John Durr (voorsitter), Helena van Eeden (sekretariaat), Theunis Smit, Willie Bester en Marinda Viljoen. Voor is Nico Uys en Johan Bothma (sekretariaat). Gideon Vivier is afwesig

RPO Wes-Kaap staan sterk

deur Johan Bothma Die rPo Wes-Kaap funksioneer reeds vir etlike jare as mondstuk van kommersile rooivleisprodusente binne die Wes-Kaap.

Die gebied se veegetalle word grootliks deur kleinvee (skape en bokke) verteenwoordig. Die vleisbeesgetalle is egter sterk besig om toe te neem. Na raming verteenwoordig kleinveegetalle 11% van die nasionale kudde, terwyl beeste op hulle beurt 4% van die nasionale kudde verteenwoordig. Lede van die RPO Wes-Kaap word deur die bestuur in die onderskeie besture en komitees verteenwoordig, naamlik die RPOskakelkomitee met Agri Noord-Kaap, Agri Wes-Kaap Bedryfskamer, Provinsiale Veediefstalkomitee, MPO Wes-Kaap en Provinsiale Roofdierbeheerwerkgroep.

Produksie-aangeleenthede
Dieresiektes Verteenwoordigers van die Direktoraat Veeartsenydienste van die Wes-Kaap woon gereeld die bestuursvergaderings by. Die samewerking op provinsiale vlak is goed, maar kommer bestaan oor die staat se vermo, in terme van mannekrag, om die 42 beheerde dieresiektes te kan hanteer. Produsente word deurlopend versoek om die nodige voorsorgmaatrels te tref wanneer enige vee aangekoop word. Beeste moet byvoorbeeld teen snotsiekte, tuberkulose en brucellose getoets wees en die nodige dokumentasie moet die diere
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vergesel. Skape weer moet byvoorbeeld eers teen skaapbrandsiekte behandel word voordat dit met die ander vee op die plaas in aanraking kom. Die nodige dokumentasie wat aandui dat skape teen Johne se siekte getoets en gent is, moet ook beskikbaar wees wanneer skape aangekoop word. Dieselfde geld wanneer vee vir weidingsdoeleindes tydelik verskuif sou word. Beheer van skadeveroorsakende diere Die Nasionale Wolkwekersvereniging (NWKV) Wes-Kaap hanteer die sekretariaat van die Provinsiale Skadeveroorsakende Dierewerkgroep. 'n Volledige verslag van hulle werksaamhede is by NWKV beskikbaar en kan aangevra word deur 'n e-pos na natwool@com2000.co.za te stuur. Die RPO word by hierdie werkgroep verteenwoordig en lewer insette oor skadelike diere namens die rooivleisprodusente. In die Wes-Kaap is CapeNature volgens die Natuurbewaringsordonnansie 10 van 1974 verantwoordelik vir die bestuur van skadelike diere. Artikel 29 van die ordonnansie bepaal dat sekere jagmetodes, soos die gebruik van gif, slagysters, jag in die nag, jag met honde en jag op 'n openbare pad, verbode is. CapeNature probeer om die belange van grondeienaars en veeprodusente in ag te neem deur permitte vir die verbode jagmetodes vir drie maande aan veeprodusente uit te reik om hul vee teen roofdiere te kan beskerm. Die proklamasie bepaal dat slegs vanghokke en jag gedurende die dag sonder permit toegelaat sal word en dat grondeienaars vir permitte vir enige ander jagmetode moet aansoek doen. Agri Wes-Kaap (namens sy affiliasies) was saam met die RPO en NWKV deurlopend met CapeNature in gesprek om die mees praktiese metode vir die bestuur van skadelike diere vas te stel. 'n Konsep-samewerkingsooreenkoms is opgestel en vir kommentaar aan affiliasies voorgel. Met die bespreking van die kommentaar is daar van die Konsep Norme en

Standaarde wat deur die Nasionale Departement van Omgewingsake vir kommentaar beskikbaar gestel is, kennis geneem. In die lig van laasgenoemde konsep is besluit om eerder te wag dat die norme en standaarde gefinaliseer word, alvorens die samewerkingsooreenkoms verder oorweeg sou word.

Veediefstal Die Provinsiale Veediefstalkomitee bestaan reeds 'n paar jaar. Binne die komitee word rolspelers op 'n gereelde basis bymekaargebring om op 'n georganiseerde wyse knelpunte rakende veediefstal te bespreek en saam oplossings te probeer vind. Daar is vier veediefstaleenhede in die Wes-Kaap, naamlik Malmesbury, Swellendam, Oudtshoorn en Beaufort-Wes. Alle veediefstalsake moet sou gou en so volledig moontlik aangemeld word. Die SAPD beplan voorkomende optredes volgens die statistiek tot hulle beskikking. Mannekrag, toerusting en fondse word ook daarvolgens toegedeel. Dit is dus belangrik dat die statistiek die werklike situasie weerspiel. Veeverliese moet nie onoordeelkundig as veediefstal aangemeld word nie. Wanneer vee weens ander redes soos droogte, vloede, doodry op paaie, onwettige jag of deur roofdiere gevang, vermis raak, moet elk binne sy eie kategorie aangemeld word. Lede word ook aangemoedig om deur hulle onderskeie landbouverenigings met die plaaslike paroolrade in hul omgewing in verbinding te bly indien hulle klaers van 'n saak is waarin 'n persoon vir veediefstal, of ander sake, gevonnis is, sodat hulle in kennis gestel kan word wanneer die persoon vir parool oorweeg word. Probleme met mense op parool moet dadelik by die owerheid aangemeld word.

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Veiligheid van vleis Afgesien van voedselsekuriteit (genoeg voedsel vir almal) is voedselveiligheid (toegang tot veilige, gesonde voedsel) vir die bedryf 'n ernstige prioriteit en die RPO ondersteun die toepassing van die Wet op Veiligheid van Vleis (Wet 40 van 2000). Volgens Artikel 7(1) van die Wet moet alle slagfasiliteite waar vleis wat vir die handel geslag word, aan die nodige vereistes voldoen en eienaars van onwettige fasiliteite is aan vervolging blootgestel. Artikel 7(2) van die Wet magtig die slag van vee vir eie gebruik. Regulasie 127(1) bepaal dat n persoon gedurende 'n periode van 14 dae vir eie gebruik nie meer as een koei/bul, twee varke, twee kalwers, vier skape/bokke, een volstruis en so meer mag slag nie.

Die aansoeker sal daarna saam met die voorligtingsbeampte 'n volledige besigheidsplan opstel, wat aan die Kommoditeitsprojekkomitee voorgel sal word. Die komitee sal die plan aan die hand van 'n standaard 13punt plan evalueer en indien dit goedgekeur word, aanbeveel vir befondsing en hulp. Indien dit nie goedgekeur word nie, sal dit terug verwys word na die aansoeker vir meer volledige inligting en dus heraansoek. Die projekkomitee sal ook besluit of die aansoeker kwalifiseer as 'n potensile kommersile boer of as 'n kleinboer. Indien 'n aansoek nie onder een van hierdie gevalle kwalifiseer nie, sal dit na die departement verwys word as 'n bestaansboerdery vir voedselsekuriteit. Eiendom om op te boer word bekom onder die verskillende bestaande grondoordragskemas, naamlik LRAD, PLAS, FALA of Agrerian. Die RPO Wes-Kaap sal hulp verleen met die identifisering van mentors vir kommersile en kleinskaalse boerderye, maar sal nie betrokke wees by bestaansboerderye nie. Die RPO sal ook hulp verleen waar daar leemtes in die kennis van nuwe veeboere gedentifiseer word en sal betrokke wees by die organisering van inligtingsdae om hierdie leemtes aan te spreek. Elke projek sal op gereelde basis volgens 'n vasgestelde stel norme en standaarde gevalueer word en enige begunstigde wat hom of haar skuldig maak aan optrede wat afwyk van die neergelegde riglyne soos met die goedkeuring van die projek ooreengekom, sal summier van die projek afgehaal word. Projekte vir veeproduksie wat reeds goedgekeur is en gereed is vir implementering sluit in: Drommelvlei aan die Weskus; Sleeping Beauty Cattle Farming in die Edendistrik; Toekomslaagte in Eden; Onderhoogte en Maansgroep2; en Rietfontein (onderhewig aan beskikbaarheid van fondse) in die sentraal-Karoo.

Organisatoriese aangeleenthede
Vrywillige bydraes Aangesien die organisatoriese funksies van die RPO nie uit statutre heffings befonds kan word nie, moet vrywillige bydraes steeds van produsente gevorder word. Daar is goeie samewerking ontvang van die invorderaars (bemarkers, abattoirs, handelaars en agente) wat die vrywillige bydraes namens die RPO van produsente invorder. Produksie-ontwikkeling Produksie-ontwikkeling behels sake met betrekking tot kommersile en opkomende produsente, asook plaaswerkers. Daar is in samewerking met die departement van landbou in die Wes-Kaap n vaste stel riglyne opgestel waarvolgens beoogde transformasieprojekte voortaan in samewerking met die verskillende kommoditeitsgroepe in die landbou hanteer sal word. Voorligtingsbeamptes kan moontlike projekte identifiseer, of 'n potensile of bestaande boer kan by sy of haar naaste voorligtingskantoor aanklop, waar die rels en regulasies, soos geadverteer in die media, beskikbaar gestel sal word.

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Kontakbesonderhede Voorsitter
JW Drr Tel: 058652 ask for 1212 sel: 082 652 1715 Faks: 086 6727 538 e-pos: durrfam@mweb.co.za

Dian (DM) Heyns Tel: 044 272 3949 sel: 082 337 4211 Faks: 044 272 6725 e-pos: dian@hilbert.co.za JG Mocke Tel: 02062 vra 1230 / 023 501 4043 sel: 073 499 8845 e-pos: 0734998845@mtnloaded.co.za Gideon (G) vivier Tel: 023 416 1682 sel: 082 411 3986 Faks: 023 416 1682 e-pos: gvivier@vodamail.co.za

Vise-voorsitter
louis J Wessels Tel: 028 735 2204 sel: 082 410 9256 Faks: 028 735 2204 e-pos: louiswessels16@gmail.com Willem A J engelbrecht Tel: 027 482 1779 sel: 082 610 4488 Faks: 027 4822642 e-pos: willem@africandawn.com Theunis DP smit Tel: 022 784 0093 sel: 073 017 6734 Faks: 022 784 0093 e-pos: tdps@mweb.co.za Marinda viljoen Tel: 028 215 8903 sel: 083 413 0691 Faks: 028 215 8903 e-pos: marindaviljoen@twk.co.za Dawie (JD) Tel: 028 424 1172 sel: 072 443 7740 Faks: 028 424 1172 e-pos: albertynbroers@brd.dorea.co.za Willie B Bester Tel: 023 312 2506 sel: 082 791 3997 Nico de K Uys Tel: 028 722 1852 sel: 082 577 2502 Faks: 086 211 6703 e-pos: nu@vodamail.co.za

NWKV
Thys (MJ) Delport Tel: 028 215 8917 Sel: 082 771 0497 Faks: 028 215 8676

KVPV
Christo (CJ) Burger Tel: 022 942 1702 Sel: 082 498 5595 Faks: 022 942 1702 e-pos: cjburger@telkomsa.net

MPOWK
Gert (GJP) steyn Tel: 022 492 2992 sel: 084 401 0503 Faks: 022 492 2992 e-pos: gjpsteyn@gmail.com

Gekopteerde lid
Arnold Brand (PA) Tel: 022 423 8179 sel: 083 285 7812 Faks: 022 423 8179 e-pos: pabrand@agrizone.co.za

Kantoor
Tel: 021 860 3800 Faks: 021 872 3388
R

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VLEISFLITSE /

MEAT MINUTE

Breakthrough with FMD research

The foot-and-mouth disease virus (red) replicates near the nucleus (blue) of an infected cell

Bryan Charleston and colleagues from Pirbright Laboratory in the United Kingdom, along with Dr Woolhouse, infected source cows with FMDV and studied how the virus was transmitted to other, uninfected cows. Their experiment is different from previous studies that have only estimated transmission rates for groups of animals, rather than individuals. Dr Woodhouse says they have pinned down the relationship between when the animals are infectious with FMDV and when they show clinical signs of the infection. "Normally, we only know if a person or animal is infected with disease when their clinical signs appear. However, what we didn't know before this, is how those signs relate to infectiousness. In the case of FMDV, the clinical signs and infectiousness seem to occur around the same time, he says. In 28 attempts to infect healthy cows with FMDV (by placing them in close proximity to an infected cow for eight hours), the researchers only observed eight successful transmissions of the virus. In light of their results, Bryan and his colleagues suggest that cows with FMDV only become infectious for a brief period of time - approximately 0,5 days after clinical signs of the disease appear. Dr Woodhouse says they now have an opportunity to develop new test systems that can detect infected animals earlier and reduce the spread of the disease. (The report by Charleston et al. titled, Relationship between Clinical Symptoms and Transmission of an Infectious Disease and the Implications for Control, appears in the 6 May issue of the journal Science.)

A new study of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) shows that cattle afflicted with the virus are only infectious for a brief window of time - about half as long as previously thought. This finding suggests that the controversial control measures used to halt the disease's spread, such as killing large numbers of livestock, could be reduced. The discovery is also changing the way that scientists think about infectious diseases in general. According to Dr Mark Woolhouse from the University of Edinburg, co-author of the study, it shows that what we thought we knew about foot-and-mouth disease is not entirely true". According to the report published in May in the American Association for the Advancement of Science, researchers found that even if the virus can be detected in a cow's blood sample - the traditional way of measuring infectiousness - it does not actually mean that the animal is infectious. In fact, a cow with FMDV is only infectious for 1,7 days, they say. After that, immune responses kick in and limit virus replication.

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Vuurvreters
In Australi het omgewingsbestuurders nou uitgevind dat bokke ingespan kan word om brande te verhoed. Bokke, wat gewoonlik alles vreet wat voorkom en selfs as lasposte gebrandmerk is, word juis vanwe hulle vreetlus aangewend om indringerbosse op moeilik-bereikbare plekke af te vreet en so die brandgevaar uit te skakel. Die Australian Broadcasting Corporation berig di blink plan kom van die Amerikaanse omgewingsbestuurder, dr Jim Shields, wat s benewens die feit dat die bokke die kans van n wegholbrand uitskakel, laat hulle in die proses ook n baie kleiner koolstofspoor as die rook van n voorbrand. Dit werk volgens hom veral baie goed op plase wat te na aan 'n bewoonde gebied is om brandstroke te maak. Hy s hulle gebruik elektriese nette en honde om die bokke in die spesifieke gebied te hou waar hulle hul vreetwerk moet doen. 'n Troppie van 15 bokke is volgens hom gewoonlik genoeg om die omgewingsbestuur van 'n spesifieke kamp te hanteer.

sector. While the global beef trade market grew at an average of 10,4% between 2001 and 2009, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), the market for halal beef imports in the Middle East and Southeast Asia alone grew by over 18,2% to reach just under $2 billion a year during the same period. It is expected that Pakistans total meat exports may come close to $10 million in 2011 and could surpass the $500 million mark in about five years. Pakistan has the eigth largest herd of cattle and the third largest herd of goats in the world, but the animal population is very scattered, which makes procurement of the animals for the abattoir expensive.

MBA for beef

In the USA, the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, which represents beef producers, has launched an MBA with a difference: a Masters in Beef Advocacy. The course trains ranchers, feedlot operators, butchers, chefs - anyone, really, who loves a good, thick steak - in the fine art of promoting and defending red meat. Meat Trade News Daily reports that nearly 2 000 graduates have completed the programme and that the cattlemen aim to train at least 20 000 more, in the hope of building a forceful counterweight to the animal rights advocates who denounce beef production as inhumane and the vegetarian activists who reject beef consumption as unhealthy. This comes as beef consumption in the USA plunged from a high of about 43kg per person in 1976 to less than 28kg in 2009, according to the American Meat Institute. Schools across the country have adopted the so called Meatless
rooivleis

New force in meat industry

Pakistan is fast becoming a major international player in the global red meat industry. According to The Express Tribune, a new breed of Pakistani companies has started to take on their global competitors, especially in the halal meat market, despite Pakistans negative country brands and other shortcomings like infrastructural constraints. At just over $640 billion a year worldwide, this segment is seen as one of the largest opportunities in the food and agribusiness

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VLEISFLITSE /
Mondays and are dishing out bean burritos in lieu of burgers, while the US Department of Agriculture has issued new dietary guidelines advising consumers to replace some of the meat in their diet with seafood. Meanwhile, veggie evangelists at People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals have turned heads with ever-moreracy campaigns, including sending models clad only in strategically placed leaves of lettuce to hand out tofu hot dogs on street corners. MBAs are reportedly adamant to convince as many people as possible that beef is actually good for them.

MEAT MINUTE
the study by Reading University and the Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, showed that feeding the animals maize silage, naked oats and higher sugar grasses could reduce the amount of methane they produce. A trial showed that high-sugar grasses could reduce an animal's methane emissions by 20% for every kg of weight gain, while naked oats could reduce methane emissions from sheep by 33%. "In the longer term, the benefits gained by changing animals' diets will need to be considered against other environmental impacts, as well as how practical or costly they are for the farming industry to implement," Defra said in a statement.

Optrede teen veearts oor TB

n Britse veearts is vroer die jaar vir tien maande geskors, nadat hy aangedui het dat hy wel sekere beeste vir tuberkulose (TB) getoets het, terwyl dit nie die geval was nie. Die BBC berig op sy webwerf die veearts is uitgeroep om 248 beeste op n plaas te gaan toets. Hy het egter nie al die beeste getoets nie en ook nie almal van di wat hy wel getoets het, gedentifiseer nie. Hy het erken hy het nie velvoue gemeet nie en vals inligting oor die reaksiemetings wat hy geneem het in die nasionale vee-register ingevoer. Die kwessie het in die ope gekom toe n amptenaar van Dieregesondheid die plaas besoek het en daar terloops in n gespek daarna verwys is.

Rooivleis gesonder as vermoed

n Wanpersepsie bestaan by die man en vrou op straat oor die vetinhoud van rooivleis, het die Amerikaanse rooivleisorganisasie Meatmatters bevind. Dt is die slotsom waartoe Meatmatters gekom het, nadat meer as 2 000 mense in n marknavorsingsprojek gevra is wat hulle mening is oor die vetinhoud van rooivleis en hoender. Twee derdes het aangedui dat hoender minder vet bevat as rooivleis, wat volgens Meatmatters nie noodwendig waar is nie. Die mense wat ondervra is, was van mening dat rooivleis baie meer ongesond is as hoender, n opinie wat volgens Meatmatters deels toe te skryf is aan waarskuwings deur die Wreldfonds vir Kankernavorsing (WCRF) dat te veel rooivleis of geprosesseerde vleis die risiko van kanker kan verhoog. Die WCRF voer aan dat kenners voorspel dat duisende kankergevalle jaarliks voorkom kan word as mense minder vleis eet. Die WCRF erken dat

Cattle diet can curb emissions

New diets for cows and sheep could reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, research funded by the UKs department for environment, food and rural affairs (Defra) shows. Reuters reports that

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rooivleis waardevolle voedingstowwe bevat, maar ondersteun navorsers wat meen dat rooivleis, asook verwerkte vleis, die risiko van veral maagkanker verhoog. Chris Lamb van Meatmatters s hulle is baie ongelukkig met die WCRF se uitlatings. Hy s te veel van enigiets kan vir n mens skadelik wees en daarom is dit baie misleidend om slegs n verband te skep tussen te veel rooivleis en kanker. Hy s mense wat s Meatmatters kyk deur n pienk bril na die gevare van vleis, kyk op hulle beurt deur n donkerbril na die voordele van rooivleis, waarvan daar verskriklik baie is, omdat hulle dit nie wil raaksien nie.

se raklewe tot ongeveer 13 dae verleng en di van rooivleis tot 4 tot 9 dae, afhangend van die yskaste.

Red meat for better libido

Want to perk up your love life? Start in the kitchen, with, among others, red meat. According to an article in the Daily Mail, anti-aging specialist Dr Cecilia Tregear says food such as red meat, fish, fruit and vegetables - and a drop of wine - can help perk up your love life. Dr Tregear, who devised the Between the Sheets diet, says the first step to boosting ones love life is to feed your brain. The biggest sexual organ is the brain, which produces the chemicals and hormones that trigger feelings of love and attraction. It is important to have a diet that boosts the levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine, released by the brain and associated with the emotions of anticipation and desire. She describes red meat and watermelon as the food of love, as it will help give you energy and make you feel good. She says to boost dopamine levels, it is essential to eat lots of proteins, because these contain amino acids, which are converted into neurotransmitters in the brain. Amino acids are found in, among others, red meat. Spices that can boost dopamine levels include basil, black pepper, cayenne pepper, chilli peppers, cumin, fennel, flax seeds, garlic, ginger, mustard seeds, rosemary, sesame seeds, tarragon and turmeric. R

Filmlagie verleng raklewe van vleis

Uit Spanje kom die nuus dat navorsers daar n eetbare antimikrobiese filmlagie ontwikkel het wat die raklewe van vars vleis met tot 50% kan verleng. Food Production Daily berig die films word vervaardig van essensile olies en word as n soort onsigbare tweede vel oor die oppervlak van die vleis geplaas. Die navorser van die Universiteit van Navarre, Idoya Fernndez Pan, s die film vertraag die tempo waarteen die patogene groei en verhoed sodoende dat bakterie vermeerder, met die gevolg dat dit die voedselveiligheid van die produk verbeter en die raklewe verleng. Altesame agt essensile olies word gebruik, naamlik origanum, naeltjies, roosmaryn, wit tiemie, teeboom, koljander, salie en lourier. Van hierdie olies het origanum die sterkste uitwerking op die bakterie. Die aanwending van die film met origanum as basis het hoender

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rPo Aktueel

rPo-kontakbesonderhede
NASIONAAL Hoof uitvoerende beampte
Gerhard Schutte Tel 012 348 1933 Faks 012 361 4430 Sel 082 556 7296 E-pos rpo@lantic.net

Voorsitter: Noord-Kaap
James Faber Sel 083 292 2556 E-pos jamesfaber@mtnloaded.co.za

Voorsitter: Wes-Kaap
John Drr Tel 022 482 1715 Sel 082 652 1715 E-pos durrfam@mweb.co.za

Voorsitter
Lardus van Zyl Sel 082 944 7099 Faks 086 550 2293 E-pos lasso@absamail.co.za

Voorsitter: KwaZulu-Natal
Hendrik Botha Tel 039 737 3935 Sel 083 305 4726 E-pos harmonie@venturenet.co.za

Eerste vise-voorsitter
Koos van der Ryst Sel 083 303 7926 Faks 086 635 2602 E-pos 0828082736@vodamail.co.za

Voorsitter: Vrystaat
Andr Ferreira Tel 058 303 6179 Sel 082 524 9106 E-pos andreuplands@gmail.com

Tweede vise-voorsitter
Jaco Mar Tel 018 431 1194 Sel 082 388 4294 E-pos jacomare@lantic.net

Voorsitter: Limpopo
Japie Ellis Tel 014 763 3065 Sel 084 988 7418 E-pos w.prinsloo1@mweb.co.za

PROVINSIAAL Voorsitter: Mpumalanga

Koos Dafel Sel 082 493 8428 E-pos koos@hiveldfruit.co.za

Voorsitter: Gauteng
Willie Clack Sel 082 574 2653 E-pos gautengrpo@gmail.com

Voorsitter: Oos-Kaap
Dr Pieter Prinsloo Tel 045 839 5990 Sel 072 430 9474 E-pos prinsloo.langside@gmail.com

Voorsitter: Noordwes
Eric van Wyk Tel 018 332 3663 Sel 082 389 9422 E-pos ebvanwyk@gmail.com

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Bokke vreet amper enigiets wat hulle gevoer word

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Tegnologie

Voer vir baasbokke

deur retha Fourie Bokboerdery is besig om teen n geweldige tempo toe te neem.
Koos de Wet, konsultant by Klein Karoo Saad, s hulle kry toenemend navrae van boere oor voeraanplantings vir bokke. Hy s baie beesboere dui aan dat hulle nou ook bokke as boerderyvertakking aanskaf vir die beheer van indringerplante op die plaas, terwyl wildsboere bokke inspan vir bosluisbeheer. Daar bestaan n baie groot mark vir bokke en boere wat bokke as vertakking by hulle boerdery voeg, moet toesien dat hulle diere se voervloei korrek is. Een boer wat relatief onlangs met bokke begin boer het, is Douw van der Merwe van die Hokaai-boerbokstoet net noord van Pretoria. Hy is eintlik n prokureur van beroep, maar sy stokperdjie het gou n suksesvolle boerdery geword. Nou het hy n intensiewe boerdery by Honingneskrantz. Douw s die lekker ding daarvan om met boerbokke te boer, is dat hulle byna enigiets eet wat jy vir hulle gee en dat hulle net n rukkie neem om by die nuwe kos aan te pas. Hy boer met n suiwer Suidweslyn-bokke, wat uit die bergagtige gebiede van Namibi kom en het tans n stoet van 300 bokke. Hy skerts dat hulle selfs klippe eet. Op n ernstiger noot, glo Douw egter, soos baie stoetboere, breeding is 50% feeding en daarom sien hy toe dat sy diere die regte voer kry. Sy voorstel aan voornemende bokboere is dat hulle n verteenwoordiger van n voermaatskappy in hulle omgewing moet nader vir professionele raad oor die beste voeding vir hulle spesifieke gebied. Hy s omdat hy met baie geharde bokke boer, ervaar hy nie sommer probleme wat voer betref nie, terwyl baie ander bokke se gehardheid moontlik al uitgeteel is. Sy teelbokke kry soggens meerjarige raaigras en saans vir die lekker so twee emmers pille en lusern vir ruvoer. Sy ooie met lammers word afgehok, omdat ooie vanwe hulle goeie moederseienskappe maklik mekaar se lammers steel. Die lammers drink vir 100 dae aan die ooie, waarna hulle gemmuniseer en ontwurm word. Daarna ontvang die lammers goeie lammervoer, raaigras en goeie met die klem op goeie (18% protene) eerstegraad-lusern van die Upington-omgewing. Die ho proteen-inhoud help die bokkies volgens Douw om gou oor hulle speenskok te kom. Sy bokke kry ook meerjarige raaigras en rooi en wit klawer. N talle probeerslae was dit vir hom die beste voeropsie. Hy het intussen ook soutbos vir sy bokke begin aanplant, veral vir sy ooie, wat hy ses weke voor lamtyd op soutbos sit, sodat hulle teen lamtyd in top-kondisie kan lam en genoeg melk vir hul lammers het. Maar wat is die opsies vir bokvoer? Koos de Wet het vir ons die verskillende soorte voer uiteengesit.
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eenjariges
Eenjariges groei vinnig, wat beteken dat dit binne ses weke weigereed kan wees. Dit is wel n duurder opsie as meerjariges, maar die opbrengs is baie hor, omdat dit as someren wintergewas aangeplant kan word. In die meeste gevalle is besproeiing egter nodig. Hawer: Weihawer is gewoonlik n wintertipe gewas. In warmer dele maak dit nie saad nie en hou net aan blare vorm, sodat dit tot laat Desember bewei kan word. n Lentetipe is ook beskikbaar. eenjarige raaigrasse: Westerwold - van vroeg tot ongeveer Oktober; Italiaanse raaigras - bietjie later en hou dan tot so November. rog: Wintertipe - het baie koue nodig om saad te maak en is dus n goeie weiding (dit word ook stoelrog genoem); Lentetipe - groei vinnig en maak teen September al saad. voerradyse: Lewer n baie goeie tonnemaatopbrengs en is veral goed vir ooie wat lam se melkproduksie. Akkerbone: Kan groen bewei word of gebruik word as hooigewas vir die winter, nadat dit doodgeryp het. Pennisetims: Byvoorbeeld babala. Is verwant aan kikoejoe, maar groei baie hoog. Hulle groot voordeel is dat hul blousuurgevaar gering is en dit dus baie veilig is. Die probleem met somergewasse is dat almal blousuur kan gee as die plant hitte- of koue-stres kry en dit dan sianied afskei. Baster-penisetims: Dit sluit in veredelde babala soos Nutrifeed en lewer n baie goeie opbrengs van sowat 20 tot 30 ton in n seisoen. Dit is ongelukkig net n somergroeier. voersorghums: Hierdie gewasse se groot nadeel is dat dit blousuur kan gee, maar dis nie n probleem waar dit onder besproeiing is nie.

Bastervoersorghums: Gee n baie goeie produksie en het goeie voedingswaarde. Dit kan op n vroe stadium al bewei word, andersins kan dit tot 4m hoog word. In die Vrystaat gebruik hulle byvoorbeeld sugargraze as staandehooi. veldgrasse soos Smutsvinger, bloubuffelsgras en Rhodes, kan ongeveer ses tot agt ton dromateriaal in die somer lewer.

Die lekker ding daarvan om met

boerbokke te boer, is dat hulle byna enigiets eet wat jy vir hulle gee Meerjariges
Meerjarige gewasse is dalk goedkoper om aan te plant, maar dit neem 'n bietjie langer om te vestig en dus langer voordat dit bewei kan word, en daar kan dalk ander nadele wees, soos dat daar oor wintermaande vir alternatiewe gewasse voorsiening gemaak moet word. Gewasse sluit in: Kikoejoe: Net vir sowat vier tot ses maande van die jaar bruikbaar, afhangend van die streek. Sommige boere saai raaigras bo-oor die kikoejoe vir wintergebruik. langswenkgras: Goeie voer wat sowat agt maande van die jaar bewei kan word, maar wat baie water en bemesting nodig het. Meerjarige raaigras: n Baie goeie opsie, maar dit presteer nie baie goed in warmer dele van die land, soos die Bosveld, nie. Mengsels: Dit kan werk, maar werk nie altyd baie goed nie. Indien boere op hierdie weiding besluit, moet hulle baie seker maak waaruit die mengsel bestaan. As dit klawers bevat, moet die bestuur honderd persent wees, omdat dit die bokke kan laat opblaas. Indien mengsels gebruik word, moet baie goeie weidingsbestuur toegepas word. lusern: Loshande die beste voergewas, maar dit moet gesny en gebaal word, wat verdere koste-implikasies inhou. Lusern hou egter ook n opblaasgevaar in.
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40

rooivleis

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Advertorial

The impact of trace minerals

on calf performance during backgrounding
ackgrounding managers often face several challenges with incoming calves. Calves that have been co-mingled are exposed to pathogens and have typically endured transportation stress, all of which can predispose them to morbidity and lower performance. These calves have also been consuming diets that may have sub-optimal trace mineral levels. For optimal performance, growing cattle require well balanced dietary nutrients, including essential trace minerals. Zinc, manganese and copper are easily recognized as having an important role in the beef cow-calf system. However, interestingly, adequate cobalt levels should also be considered, as cobalt is essential for Vitamin B12 synthesis and increased fibre digestion. This provides for improved forage utilisation and feed efficiency. Healthy cattle are also more inclined to have an increased rate of gain and better profit margin. A compromised immune system means that the exposed cattle will be more prone to disease challenges. The immune system is the first to be compromised if there is a sub-optimal trace mineral status, followed by growth, reproduction and more. With healthier cattle, the treatment costs are lower and the growth potential is at its best. Further, foot health is a factor directly affecting the potential for growth in calves.

by CK larson, PhD, research nutritionist, Zinpro Performance Minerals and Jackie Tucker, Chemuniqu international
Zinc, copper and manganese are required trace minerals for strong hoof integrity. If calves have a sub-optimal trace mineral status during the backgrounding phase, lameness in the feedlot may become a concern. A study was conducted at the University of Arkansas, where the objective was to evaluate the effect of zinc, manganese, copper and cobalt from Availa4 on growth, morbidity and vaccination response of newly arrived calves during a 42-day backgrounding period, compared to the same trace mineral levels from standard inorganic sources. During this period, calves fed zinc, manganese, copper and cobalt from Availa4 had a 0,11kg higher average daily gain (ADG) and gained approximately 4,6kg more weight than calves fed standard inorganic mineral sources. There was a trend for fewer second antibiotic treatments in calves fed Availa4. Previous studies with Zinpro Performance Minerals (Availa 4) have illustrated that trace mineral programmes are critical for decreasing the negative impact of stress on mineral retention, vaccine response, treatment response, immunity, foot health and growth. Balancing a backgrounding nutrition programme with Zinpro Performance Minerals allows for a greater profit potential. Talk to your nutritionist or feed sales representative about the inclusion of Zinpro Performance Minerals in your beef cattle mineral supplements.

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n Beefalo-koei en haar kalf

onder ontwikkeling
deur retha Fourie Menige vleiseters se droom van n lae-cholesterol steak kan dalk binnekort waar word as n student van Bloemfontein met sy proefneming slaag om n suidAfrikaanse Beefalo te teel deur n Beefalo suksesvol met n Afrikaner te kruis.

Afrikaner Beefalos

Vandat die eerste boere in Amerika met die enorme troppe bisons op die Noord-Amerikaanse grasvlaktes kennis gemaak het, wou hulle di diere, waarna soms ook verkeerdelik verwys word as Amerikaanse buffels, mak maak. Dit was egter eers toe die getalle in die 19de eeu drasties begin afneem het tot waarskynlik slegs n paar honderd, dat n paar boere hulself in boerdery met buffels begewe het. Onvrugbaarheid by die eerste pogings om die bison met beeste te kruis, het baie boere laat glo die droom kan nooit n werklikheid word

nie, maar in die vyftigerjare het Jim Burnell van Montana sy eerste vrugbare bul geteel. Sedertdien word daar met kruisings met verskillende rasse geksperimenteer om die Beefalo te vervolmaak.

Gesonde alternatief
Die Beefalo bestaan uit 3/8 bison en 5/8 bees, en die resultaat is n kombinasie van die gehardheid van die bison en die vleisgehalte van die bees vir die maerste, gesondste rooivleis op die rak. Beefalo-vleis is egter eers van 1985 af onder die handelsmerk Beefalo Beef bemark.

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Gesondheidsvergelyking van vleissoorte Kalorie Maer T-been (bees) Hoender: gerooster sonder vel Kabeljou: gerooster Beefalo: T-been 100g 100g 100g 100g 230 190 170 111 vet (gram) 12 8 5,5 3 Cholesterol (mg) 91 88 81 13

Nic Toerien, honneursstudent in landboubestuur aan die Universiteit van die Vrystaat, doen al n geruime tyd intensief navorsing oor die Beefalo en het al redelik ver gevorder met sy samestelling van n handleiding oor die vestiging van die Beefalo in Suid-Afrika, onder die wakende oog van die Amerikaanse Beefalovereniging. Volgens Nic hou die Beefalo heelwat voordele in vir sowel verbruikers as telers. Toetse wat in die VSA gedoen is, toon dat Beefalovleis bykans geen skadelike cholesterol bevat nie selfs minder as hoender - en dat die menslike liggaam di cholesterol boonop nie goed in die liggaam opneem nie. Daarbenewens is die vleis ryker aan verskeie voedingstowwe soos kalsium, magnesium, kalium en fosfor. Om Beefalovleis gaar te maak word boonop bykans net n derde van die energie benodig as vir ander vleis.

Om te bepaal watter Suid-Afrikaanse bees die beste vir Beefaloteling gebruik kan word, het Nic verskeie toetse gedoen en uiteindelik op die Afrikaner besluit. n Groot rede hiervoor is dat dit n inheemse ras is, maar ook omdat die Afrikaner n dubbele geen vir vleissagtheid het. Daarbenewens het sy vleis ook n laer cholesterolinhoud indien dit as veldbees aangehou word.

Teelkuns
Hy s omdat die teel van die Beefalo kompleks is, is dit moontlik dat van die diere aanvanklik nie die vereiste persentasie bison sal kan bevat nie (tussen minstens 11% en 38%), maar dit sal later reggestel word. Hy s ondervinding het hom intussen geleer dat iemand nie sommer net kan inspring en suksesvol met Beefalo kan begin boer nie. Omdat die bison en die bees aan twee verskillende genusse behoort en daar van beproefde metodes en bewese vrugbare bulle afgewyk word, is infertiliteit of abortering wesenlike moontlikhede. Die vleis kan ook, gemeet aan die normale karakter van beesvleis, effens droog en minder smaaklik wees.

Laag in onderhoud
Die Beefalo is nie net meer gehard nie, maar word ook ouer, wat n koei n bykomende drie tot vier kalfjare gee. Dan is hy ook bestand teen baie siektes en is n allesvreter wat natuurlike weiding goed benut. Hulle lewer voorts kleiner kalwers, wat kalfprobleme uitskakel. Die Beefalokalf groei egter vinniger as beeskalwers en is sommer gou lekker stewig. Hulle is ook beter aangepas by wisselende klimaatstoestande vanwe.

Bel Nic Toerien by 082 265 7037 of stuur e-pos aan nictoerien@yahoo.co.za vir meer inligting R

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Promosie-artikel

Groei en ontwikkeling

van vleisbeesverse
deur Nols Hanekom, Meadow Feeds, Paarl

esetting van verse is n direkte gevolg en resultaat van kondisie en teikenmassa. Teikenmassa verskil van ras tot ras, en word uitgedruk as n persentasie van volwasse massa. By vleisbeeste is n veilige teikenmassa ongeveer 70% van volwasse massa. Voeding van verse speel hier n kritiese rol. Sodra die teikenmassa bepaal is, moet die speenmasssa daarvan afgetrek word, en die antwoord moet deur die aantal dae tot die verlangde dekouderdom gedeel word, om te bepaal watter daaglikse groei verlang word om die doelwitte te bereik.

Ander ruvoerbronne soos kuilvoer doen die meeste van die tyd 90% so goed as aangeplante weidings met Beefbooster 18. Die kwaliteit en voedingswaardes van kuilvoer verskil drasties tusNols Hanekom sen plase en afhangende van watter tipe kuilvoer gemaak word, en as gevolg daarvan, is dit die tweede beste bron van ruvoer wat op Beefbooster 18-aanvulling goed werk. Alhoewel die baie ho voginhoud van kuilvoer soms die rede is waarom diere nie altyd fantasties daarop presteer teen ho innames nie (lae dro materiaal-inhoud weens ho vog), kry Beefbooster 18 dit reg om goeie prestasie ten spyte daarvan te behaal. n Derde bron van ruvoer is hooibale. Indien dit n baie goei kwaliteit hooi is, sal Beefbooster 18 effektief werk, alhoewel nie so effektief soos ander ruvoer nie. Indien die hooi nie so n goeie kwaliteit is nie, sal ander produksielekke soos Lambing Lick beter werk, aangesien dit meer fokus op hor proteenaanvulling. Lambing lick sal ook die produk van keuse wees op swak ruvoere soos veldweiding en stoppellande.

Hoe bereik ons daardie groei?

Beefbooster 18 is n produk wat ontwikkel is om optimale groei op goeie kwaliteit weiding te behaal met groeiende jong diere. Die produk word baie ekstensief gebruik vir veldafronding waar speendiere vanaf weidings uitgegroei en oor langer periodes afgerond word. Wanneer aangeplante weidings soos raaigras, medics, hawer, en ander beskikbaar is vir baie lang periodes (120 dae), sal n aanvulling van 1kg/dier/dag voldoende wees om n groei van 140kg in 120 dae te behaal. Indien dit vir korter periodes (70-100 dae) beskikbaar is, maak dit sin om teen n hor aanvulling van 1,5kg/dier/dag die weidings beter te benut en maksimum groei vir die kort periode daaruit te behaal.

Opsomming
Benut aangeplante weidings en/of kuilvoer met Beefbooster 18 teen 1,2 tot 1,5kg/vers/ dag, so lank as moontlik om optimum groei te behaal. Vul dro weidings aan met Lambing Lick teen 1kg/dier/dag vir so lank as wat dit nodig is om teen die verlangde ouderdom teikenmassa te bereik.

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VEEARTS OP ROEP

Reg vir dekking

deur dr Chris van Dijk
s ons elke jaar n kalf van elke koei wil produseer, moet ons koeie binne 82 dae na kalwing weer dragtig wees. Ons moet dus so gou moontlik weer n kalf in die koei se baarmoeder kry. Met kalftyd om die draai, het ons min tyd om iets hieromtrent te doen. Voorbereiding vir kalftyd moet nou aandag kry. Die regte ent- en bestuursprogram verseker dat ons kalwers gesond die lewe sal binnekom, dat die koeie se biesmelk hulle sal beskerm vir die eerste paar maande van hulle lewe en dat die koeie genoeg melk sal produseer om hulle behoorlik groot te maak. Belangrike entstowwe sluit entstowwe teen klostridiale siektes (dermen spiersiektes), soos Ultrachoice7 (Reg no G2804, Wet 36/47), teen maagwerking, soos Scourguard4KC (Reg no G3841, Wet 36/47), en teen respiratoriese siektes, soos One Shot Ultra7 (Reg no G2818, Wet 36/47), in. Om elke jaar van elke koei n kalf te speen, moet die volgende in plek wees: Die koeie moet in die regte kondisie wees Tabel 1 Kondisietellig by kalwing 3 2,5 2 1,5 % Koeie dragtig (opvolgende dektyd) 95 85 75 65
JUNE 2011

Dr Chris van Dijk

by kalwing; Behoorlike bestuur van koeie na kalwing (postpartumbestuur); Biosekuriteit en infeksiesiektebeheer (bestuurs- en entingsprogram); Bulle moet gesond en vrugbaar wees; Voeding moet reg wees. Altesame 95% van koeie wat kalf met n kondisietelling van drie (0 is vermaer en 5 is oorvet) behoort weer te vat in die opvolgende teelseisoen (63 dae), terwyl slegs 75% van koeie wat kalf met n kondisietelling van twee weer sal vat. Die belangrikheid hiervan word in die tabel hieronder gellustreer. Dit gee n aanduiding van die kilogram kalf verkoop per koei in die teelkudde. Indien kalwers met n gemiddelde speengewig van 210kg gespeen word, sal daar per koei in die kudde die gewig kalf geproduseer word soos in Tabel 1 aangedui. Dit beteken dat n mens per 100 koeie R109 000 meer kan maak indien die koeie in goeie kondisie (3) kalf in vergelyking met effens

speengewig (kg) per koei in kudde 199,5 178,5 157,5 136,5

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maer koeie (2). Die geld wat in parasietbeheer, entings en aanvullende voeding bel word, word dubbel en dwars terug verdien (speenkalf prys van R17/kg). Na kalwing moet n mens seker maak dat die koei se geslagstelsel so gou as moontlik herstel. Koeie wat moeilik gekalf het, of wie se nageboortes vasgesit het, se kanse om baarmoederontsteking te ontwikkel is groot. Daarom moet al hierdie diere so gou moontlik met n toepaslike middel behandel word. Dit is raadsaam om hierdie diere deur n veearts te laat ondersoek sodat die regte behandeling so vroeg moontlik gegee word. Onthou daar is net 82 dae, vuil koeie sal nie vat nie. Koeie moet in skoon kampe kalf om die blootstelling van die nuwe kalfie aan siekteveroorsakende organismes te beperk. Dit kan help om maagwerking in jong kalwers dramaties te verminder. In samewerking met die plaaslike veearts moet n entingsprogram uitgewerk word om die koei en die kalfie so goed moontlik teen die belangrikste siektes te beskerm. Bulle moet ook in die winter hulle volledige teelgeskiktheidsondersoeke, gedoen deur n veearts, ondergaan. Jaarliks word miljoene rande verloor omdat boere eers agterkom iets is fout met die bul as die koeie herhaaldelik op hitte kom of as dragtigheidsondersoeke gedoen word. So word maklik drie tot vier maande verloor waarin oop koeie onderhou moet word. Bulle moet ook voldoende voor die teelseisoen gevoer word om te verseker dat kwaliteit semen geproduseer word en dat hulle nie te maer sal word gedurende die teelseisoen nie. Voldoende energie, kwaliteit proteene, spoorelemente, fosfaat en Vitamien A moet aan die koeie en bulle voorsien word voor en gedurende die teelseisoen. Meer koeie sal kalf as: Die voervloeiprogram behoorlik beplan is; Aanvullende voer op die regte tye voorsien word; Bulle reg voorberei word; Genoeg bulle gebruik word (25 tot 30 koeie per bul); Dragtigheidsondersoeke vroeg gedoen word (45 dae na die einde van die dekseisoen); Alle nie-dragtige koeie verkoop word; Die verse 30 dae voor die koeitrop gedek word; Die teelseisoen beperk word tot 63 dae (twee of drie teelseisoene per jaar is baie meer bestuurbaar as wat daar heeljaar bulle by al die koeie loop); en n Gesondheidsprogram in samewerking met die plaaslike veearts ontwikkel en toegepas word. Bestuur ons ons vleisbeeskuddes vir optimale produksie of is hulle op n oorlewingskursus?

vir verdere inligting, skakel dr Chris van Dijk by Pfizer laboratories by 011 320 6000, 082 789 4499 of stuur n e-pos aan chris.vandijk@pfizer.com R

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research

Better heartwater

vaccine test
by Dr Helena Steyn, New Generation Vaccines, Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute
virulent blood stabilate. A final evaluation of a promising new heartwater vaccine is then required in the field. During field testing we experience variable tick burdens and various E. ruminantium
rOOIVleIS

Heartwater is one of the major tick born diseases that severely hamper the improvement of livestock productivity in the developing world. The only available heartwater vaccine is a live blood vaccine that has numerous disadvantages and inefficiencies.
Development of a simple, safe and effective vaccine would have a tremendous positive economic and social impact on rural and periurban communities. The experimental animals used in our vaccine development studies are currently artificially challenged by intravenous injection with a

Dr Helena Steyn

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isolates of variable virulence present in the field during the same and different seasons. Thus, each experimental animal or group receives a different challenge, making interpretation and repeating of the results impossible. Establishing a laboratory tick challenge regime will eliminate these variables and thus improve initial vaccine screening and evaluations.

However, preliminary results indicate that a new DNA cocktail partially protected sheep from a laboratory tick challenge and thus shows promise for further investigation. This confirms the importance of testing potential new heartwater vaccines with a laboratory tick challenge rather than a needle challenge. Heartwater is one of the most important diseases of cattle, sheep and goats in areas of South Africa suited to the bont tick and is a severe limitation on the production potential of these regions. Since it only occurs in Africa (apart from a few Caribbean islands) control measures have to be researched and developed in Africa, and therefore the Red Meat Research and Development Trust (RMRDT) has funded many research projects over the years.

Heartwater is one of the most

important diseases of cattle, sheep and goats in areas of South Africa suited to the bont tick and is a severe limitation on the production potential of these region

Simulating a natural tick challenge in the laboratory during vaccine development studies will also have the advantage of more closely resembling a natural field tick challenge. We successfully established and maintained A. hebraeum ticks in the laboratory. It was determined that 100% of ticks can be artificially infected with heartwater by feeding them on an infected sheep and subsequently successfully transmitted the disease to nave sheep. It was also determined that one Welgevonden infected tick can cause fatal heartwater in a sheep. Comparison of the needle challenge and tick challenge indicated that they both induce similar disease symptoms and pathology. An experimental DNA heartwater vaccine that was previously shown to fully protect against a needle challenge but only partially protect against a field tick challenge, did not protect against a laboratory tick challenge, even when the vaccine dose was increased tenfold.
Heartwater female tick

Amblyomma hebraeum (bont) tick

The tick is well known to farmers and is distributed in the endemic regions of South Africa. The tick is absent in the colder highveld areas and semi-desert areas. However, the tick can be introduced to non-heartwater areas during the summer by purchasing tick infected ruminants and especially game from heartwater endemic areas and moving them to bont tick free areas. Previous research has proven that there are several different strains or types of the heartwater organism and that they vary in their ability to cause disease. The Agricultural

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research

Heartwater occurence

Research method
To overcome these drawbacks we have developed a system of carefully controlled tick infection of sheep in the laboratory to remove these inconsistencies while still testing new vaccines against tick borne infection. We established and maintained all three stages of the bont tick in the laboratory. The nymphal stage of the bont tick was infected with heartwater by allowing it to feed on a sheep that had a temperature reaction due to heartwater. Thereafter the ticks were left to moult to the adult stage. These infected adults were then fed on uninfected sheep to determine the minimum number of ticks required to infect them with heartwater. From these results we determined that one tick can cause fatal heartwater. This brings us a step closer to evaluating vaccines under standard conditions that closely resemble conditions on farms and will be used to test the current very promising attenuated (weakened) vaccine developed by the heartwater team at OVI (Dr EP Zweygarth) and reported in the September 2010 issue of Rooivleis/Red Meat (Vol 1 No 3, page 39). An effective, practical, reliable and safe vaccine that cross-protects against many strains of heartwater remains the chief goal of heartwater research and OVI is grateful for the continuing support from RMRDT towards this goal. R

Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute (ARC-OVI) has also shown that there is some cross-protection between strains and that one of these strains protects against more strains than the one used in the current frozen blood vaccine.

Previous research has

proven that there are several different strains or types of the heartwater organism and that they vary in their ability to cause disease

Previously, the ability of new heartwater vaccines to protect animals was tested by injecting heartwater infected blood some time after vaccination. However, this method is artificial and a more natural infection by ticks is preferred. Unfortunately, we found that natural tick challenges in a tick infested field have drawbacks that make the field tests unpredictable and thus unreliable, as tick burdens can vary considerably between animals, camps, farms and seasons, and different strains of the organism may be present and these may therefore influence the severity of the disease caused.

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Cut the gut gas

by linde du Toit Agriculture is the second highest contributor to South Africas greenhouse gas emissions, and the highest methane emission producing sector. livestock accounts for 90% of agricultural methane emissions.
Current enteric methane mitigation practices either target reductions of methane emissions directly or aim to improve animal productivity. The mitigation potential of any of the available options will vary depending on the type of production system. It is easier to manipulate the diet of animals and administer additives on a daily basis in intensive production systems compared to extensive pasture based production systems. In order for a mitigation strategy to be sustainable and effective it should consider all aspects of a specific production system. Mitigation options include nutritional and management options, manipulation of rumen fermentation and improving animal efficiency.

Genetic selection
The selection for productivity and efficiency helps to mitigate greenhouse gases in two ways: firstly, higher productivity leads to higher gross efficiency as a result of diluting the maintenance Linde du Toit cost of animals; and secondly, a given level of production can be achieved with fewer higher yielding animals. Several authors reported variations between animals, between breeds, and across time, providing potential for improvement through genetic selection. Genetic variation in feed intake also exists, independent of liveweight and average daily gain and this variation provides a basis for genetic selection for feed-use efficiency in animals. One author reported that cattle with a lower dry matter intake (DMI) than their peers of equivalent liveweight and average daily gain (ADG) have a low residual feed intake (RFI) and are more feed efficient. Residual feed intake is calculated as the difference between actual feed intake and the expected feed requirements for maintenance of body weight and a certain level of production. Beef cattle with low residual feed intake produced up to 28% less methane. The lower methane production was attributed to differences in ruminal microbial population, which could be heritable.

Improving animal efficiency

The concept of increasing animal productivity to reduce methane emissions from ruminants is based on the maintenance of overall production output and as a result, increased production of useful product would mean that methane production per unit will decline. However, a reduction in total methane output would only result if the levels of production remained constant and livestock numbers were reduced. Possible options for increasing animal efficiency include among others the selection between or within breeds, selecting larger but faster growing breeds or through the manipulation of dietary regimes.

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As methane is produced through microbial activity, the animal could only have an impact on methanogenisis by interacting with microbes. Microbes respond to changes in substrate so the interaction could be via diet selection. The interaction could also be through the control of ruminal conditions via processes such as saliva secretion, salivary proteins, feed processing, and changes in rumen volume and digestive flow.

clean water gained 23% and 20% more weight compared to heifers drinking directly from a pond and heifers drinking pond water pumped to a trough, respectively.

Conclusion
South Africa has a uniquely high carbon emitting profile and ranked among the top twenty countries in the world, regarding tonnes of carbon emitted per unit of gross domestic product annually and tonnes of carbon per capita (in 1996). Projected climate changes over the next fifty years could have an effect on the animal production sector through a reduction in feed quality and an increase in the occurrence of certain diseases. The production of methane as a result of ruminal and hindgut fermentation accounts for an approximate 6 to 10% loss in gross ingested energy by ruminants depending on the basal diet. Methane yields are greater on pasturebased diets than for high grain-based diets, and higher from animals grazing C4 grasses compared to those grazing C3 grasses. The majority of South African pasture based ruminant production systems utilises C4 grasses. Strategies to reduce methane from forage based production systems include feeding management strategies such as the use of concentrates, the inclusion of legumes in forage mixtures, and feeding highly digestible forages. The full article is available from the author at dutoitcjl@tut.ac.za. R

Hormones
Bovine somatotropin and hormonal growth implants do not specifically reduce methane emissions, but they can reduce emissions per unit of product through improved animal performance. The use of bovine somatotropin as a methane mitigation option is however limited as there are consumer concerns and BST is banned in certain countries.

Strategic supplementation
Mineral deficiencies in South African roughage sources are generally attributed to seasonal variations in areas where long dry winters occur and when natural grasses leach and become less digestible and less nutritious. There appears to be a large variety of mineral imbalances present in South African soils, especially of trace elements such as copper, zinc, magnesium and manganese, as well as phosphorous, which is deficient in most regions. Correcting nutrient deficiencies may realise a net reduction in enteric methane emissions, as it will improve animal production efficiency.

Water quality
Water quality can play a critical role in the production efficiency of animals. In a series of trials to illustrate the impact of water quality on animal production, it was observed that calves from cows drinking from a natural water source delivered through a trough (clean water) gained 9% more than calves from cows that had direct access to water from a pond. Heifers drinking

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Instrukteurs ken hul storie

Die instituut vir Produksieontwikkeling gebruik tans opleidingsinstrukteurs verbonde aan die Melkprodusente-organisasie (MPo) se instituut vir suiweltegnologie (isT) om te verseker dat opleiding voorrang geniet.

Die IST het tans vier instrukteurs wat voltyds opleiding aan plaaswerkers en opkomende boere gee. Al die instrukteurs is goedgekwalifiseerd en van hulle was selfs ou Boskop-instrukteurs. Die IST verseker ook dat die instrukteurs jaarliks op vaardigheidsontwikkelingskursusse gaan, om sodoende hulself steeds beter te bekwaam.

Justice Mathebula
Justice is n AgriSETA-geakkrediteerde assessor en is sedert 2005 werksaam by die IST. Hy is n kundige op die gebied van kunsmatige inseminasie, melk- en vleisbeeste, met jarelange opleidingsondervin ding Justice Mathebula by onder andere Taurus en Boskop. Justice het verskeie diplomas en sertifikate in onder andere trekkeronderhoud, produktiwiteit en finansile bestuur, en is ook n lekepredikant. Volgens Jas Wasserman is Justice n uitstekende instrukteur wat baie respek by mense afdwing. Justice het n besonderse manier om mense te motiveer en handhaaf baie goeie menseverhoudinge, s hy. Dr Jan du Preez s Justice dra n enorme groot deel by tot transformasie in die primre landbou.

Hezekiel Matlamela
Hezekiel het jare se ondervinding as n Boskop-instrukteur en is sedert 2007 by die IST werksaam. Hy het n landboudiploma in dieregesondheid aan die Tompi Selekalandboukollege verwerf en is ook n geregistreerde d i e re g e s o n d h e i d s t e g - Hezekiel Matlamela nikus. Hy het ook al n verskeidenheid diplomas en sertifikate verwerf en is n geakkrediteerde AgriSETA-assessor. Hy is n spesialis in dieregesondheid, vleisbeeste, voerkraalhantering en melkproduksie, en is ses tale magtig. Volgens Jas Wasserman strek Hezekiel se kundigheid in die boerderybedryf wyd en is die vraag na sy opleiding groot. Hy handhaaf goeie menseverhoudinge, is n baie goeie organiseerder en n planmaker. Volgens dr Jan du Preez is Hezekiel n ambassadeur vir die Instituut en die MPO.

Justice Phaahla
Justice Phaahla is ook n AgriSETA-geakkrediteerde assessor en werk sedert 2008 by die IST, met n bewese rekord as instrukteur by onder andere die Boskop- en Skills for All-opleidingsentrums. Hy het diplomas en sertifikate Justice Phaahla

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opleiding & verbruikersopvoeding

by onder andere Boskop, Potchefstroomlandboukollege en Onderstepoort verwerf. Sy spesialisgebied sluit in produktiwiteit, bemarking, finansile bestuur en dieregesondheid. Justice is ook n lekepredikant by die United Reformed Church. Jas Wasserman s Justice is n groot aanwins vir die IST en bied alle kursusse oor besigheidsvaardigheid, motivering, produktiwiteit en veiligheid aan. Hy is baie betroubaar en vriendelik, en dwing baie respek af. Dr Jan du Preez s Justice is verantwoordelik vir n omvangryke deel van bemagtiging van werkers en opkomende boere in die landboubedryf.

Universiteit van Tegnologie) en ook talle ander sertifikate vir onder andere kunsmatige inseminasie, varkbeoordeling, en die hantering en vervoer van diere. Verder het hy ook n aantal Microsoft-kursusse suksesWilfred Phaahla vol voltooi. Wilfred is n geakkrediteerde AgriSETA-assessor en het ook ondervinding as instrukteur by Skills for Africa. Volgens Jas Wasserman word hy telkens verbaas deur Wilfred se deurdringende landboukennis. Wilfred is uitstekend met studente en sy werksondervinding en wye kennis van landbou is n absolute aanwins vir die Instituut, s hy. Dr Jan du Preez s Wilfred is n toegewyde instrukteur met baie goeie opleidingsvermo. Vir meer inligting stuur e-pos aan jan.dupreez@ mpo.co.za. R

Wilfred Phaahla
Wilfred is sedert 2008 n instrukteur by die Instituut. Hy het n landboudiploma in diereproduksie van Pretoria Technikon (nou Tshwane

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opleiding & verbruikersopvoeding

Vars skaapvleis kry voorkeur

deur retha Fourie in n onlangse studie deur Marketing surveys and statistical Analysis (MssA) onder huishoudings is bevind dat die vleiskoopgedrag onder kleiner huishoudings (een tot vier) aansienlik verskil van di van groter huishoudings (meer as vyf).
Hoewel die uitslag te wagte was, raak die verskille interessant wanneer n mens kyk na die verskillende vleissnitte wat aangekoop word. Daar is onder meer gevind dat 58% van huishoudings ten minste een keer per maand skaapvleis aankoop. Tabel 1 toon die persentasie van snitte skaapvleis wat ten minste een keer per maand deur onderskeidelik klein en groot huishoudings aangekoop word. Daar is duidelik groter verskille by tjops, stowevleis en ribbetjies. Die 60% van die huishoudings wat ondervra is en wel redes genoem het waarom hulle skaapvleis koop, het ges hulle koop dit veral vanwe die smaak, tjoppies vir braai of omdat dit hulle gunsteling vleis is. Huishoudings wat ni skaapvleis koop nie, s dit is omdat dit te duur is, omdat hulle nie daarvan hou nie of dit nie gewoonlik koop nie. Een uit elke vier huishoudings wat gereeld Tabel 1: skaapvleissnitaankope n=59 skaapvleissnitte Tjops stowevleis Boud rib skouer Nek Klein huishoudings 47,5 28,8 18,6 13,6 8,5 6,9 n=41 Groot huishoudings 39,0 36,6 14,6 22,0 14,6 14,6
rooivleis

skaapvleis koop, s hulle koop dit bevrore, veral omdat dit vars bly, selfs al is dit gevries, omdat dit slegs as gevries beskikbaar is, lank gebre kan word en dit koud kan bly totdat ek tuis is. Die ander 75% van skaapvleiskopers s hulle koop ni bevrore skaapvleis nie, omdat hulle dit vars verkies, omdat bevrore nie vars is nie, omdat 'n mens kan sien of dit vars is, omdat dit sagter is as dit gaar is en omdat hulle dit self wil vries. MSSA s dit is duidelik uit die navorsingsuitslag dat daar meer gedoen moet word om persepsies oor bevrore skaapvleis te verander. Die navorsers betrokke by die projek meen die konsep van spesifiek vars skaapvleis, en vars vleis in die algemeen, moet in diepte ondersoek word. Daar kan veral gekyk word na vrae soos wanneer die verbruiker vleis as vars bestempel. R

verskil % 8,5 -7,8 4,0 -8,4 -6,1 -7,7

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Die groep nasionale wenners van vanjaar se Cleavertoekennings

Cleavers vir topslagters

Die land se top slagters is onlangs weer teen mekaar opgeweeg om te bepaal wie vanjaar die Cleaver-toekennings gaan ontvang. Die beste slaghuise, nasionaal sowel as in die onderskeie streke, word jaarliks met hierdie toekennings beloon.
Dave Ford, voorsitter van die Rooivleis bedryfsforum (RMIF), s sedert die eerste Cleavertoekennings ses jaar gelede was daar n aansienlike verbetering in slaghuisstan daarde. Verbruikers het ook aangetoon dat hulle die Cleavertoekenning bestempel as n bewys van goedkeuring deur die bedryf. Dave s die Cleavertoekennings, n inisiatief van RMIF, gee erkenning aan slaghuise wat voldoen aan die verbruiker se verwagtinge wat betref higine in die slaghuis, die voorsien ing van gehalteversekerde, gerolmerkte Suid Afrikaanse beesvleis, hul vlak van bekwaamheid in die aanbieding van raad oor die voorbereiding van spesifieke snitte en die klint se persepsie van waarde vir geld. Altesame 6 nasionale en 40 provinsiale slaghuise het vanjaar Platinum of Goud in die Cleavertoekennings ontvang. Hulle is gekies uit die rekordgetal 17 600 nominasies wat die publiek tussen Oktober en Desember verlede jaar per sms ingestuur het. Uiteindelik is 145 inskrywings individueel en anoniem op n kontrolelys van 212 punte beoordeel. As n mens in ag neem dat daar In 2008 nog net 45 finaliste was, is dit duidelik dat di toekennings inderdaad mettertyd meer bekendheid verwerf het. Volgens Dave het die beoordelaars dan ook 'n veeleisende taak gehad, aangesien die standaarde jaar na jaar styg. Hy meen

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Handel

die toekennings motiveer die bestuur, personeel, klinte, verskaffers en mededingers ewe veel. Die kategorie van die Cleavertoekennings is saamgestel volgens die grootte en aard van elke slaghuis, naamlik: Drie of minder kasregisters Vier of meer kasregisters Vleismarkte

ontvangers van die nasionale Cleavertoekennings vir 2010 Tot drie kasregisters
Platinum: Seemanns Slaghuis Strijdompark, Gauteng Goud: Berliner Grill & Deli Northriding, Gauteng.

KwaZulu-Natal Platinum: Dirks Meat Market, Glenwood, Durban Goud: Grobbies Slaghuis, Bluff, Burban Mpumalanga Platinum: Kanhym Vars Vleis Deli, Middelburg Goud: Alans Slaghuis, Ermelo limpopo Geen Noordwes Platinum: Impala Vleis, Brits Gauteng Platinum: Roodt Meat, Florida Goud: United Muslim Meat Supply, Johannesburg

vier en meer kasregisters

Wes-Kaap Platinum: Skaapland Tygervallei, Bellville Goud: Excellent Meat Rylands Estate, Kaapstad Noord-Kaap Geen oos-Kaap Platinum: Cuyler Butchery, Uitenhage vrystaat Platinum: Fredilia Meat, Welkom KwaZulu-Natal Platinum: Bluff Meat Supply, Pinetown, Durban Platinum: Bluff Meat Supply, Bluff, Durban Goud: Michael Frey Fresh Meat, Port Shepstone Mpumalanga Geen limpopo Platinum: Vleislapa, Polokwane Noordwes Platinum: Goudkopslaghuis, Klerksdorp Gauteng Platinum: Butcher Boys, Vanderbijlpark Goud: Edleen Butchery, Kemptonpark

vier en meer kasregisters

Platinum: Boma Vleismark Moreleta Park, Gauteng Goud: Uitkyk Vleismark Lichtenburg, Noordwes.

vleismark
Platinum: Crossing Super Spar Nelspruit, Mpumalanga Goud: Die Grove Super Spar Nelspruit, Mpumalanga.

ontvangers van die provinsiale Cleaver-toekennings vir 2010 Tot drie kasregisters
Wes-Kaap Platinum: Tollies Slaghuis, Hartenbos Goud: JC Slagtery, Riversdal Noord-Kaap Platinum: West End Vleismark, Kimberley Goud: Smitties Quality Meat, Kuruman oos-Kaap Platinum: Heydenrychs Butchery, Port Elizabeth Goud: Ideal Butchery, OosLondon vrystaat Platinum: Koepel Vleismark, Parys Goud: Kroon Vars Vleis, Kroonstad

vleismark
Wes-Kaap Platinum: Pick n Pay, Constantia Platinum: Super Spar, Gateway Goud: Pick n Pay, Tokai Goud: Super Spar, Malmesbury Noord-Kaap Geen oos-Kaap Platinum: Pick n Pay Family, Grahamstad
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Goud: Super Spar Walmer, Port Elizabeth vrystaat Platinum: Pick n Pay Bloemgate, Bloemfontein KwaZulu-Natal Platinum: MichaelFrey Fresh Meats, Shelly Beach Goud: Pick n Pay, Shelly Beach Mpumalanga Platinum: Super Spar Saveway, Witbank limpopo Platinum: Super Spar, BelaBela Goud: Pick n Pay, BelaBela Noordwes Platinum: Palmsand Spar, Lichtenburg Gauteng Platinum: Karaglen Super Spar, Johannesburg Goud: Pick n Way Waverley, Pretoria Die ontvanger van die Platinumtoekenning in die afdeling van vier en meer kasregisters, Boma Vleismark, se eienaar, Hendrik Steenkamp, het n die toekenning ges hy is baie trots om as nasionale wenner aangewys te word. Ons by Boma Vleismark streef nog altyd daarna om die beste gehalte produkte aan ons klinte te bied. Om deur die SuidAfrikaanse Rooivleisbedryf bekroon te word, is n groot eer. Hendrik s die Platinumtoekenning in die Cleavertoekennings bevestig aan hulle klinte dat hulle produkte en diens van die beste is. Dit is ook die boodskap wat uitgaan na nuwe klinte.Ons is baie dankbaar teenoor die rooivleisbedryf vir die openbare blootstelling, en dat hulle erkenning gee aan ons uitstekende gehalte vleisprodukte en toegewyde diens. Vir ons personeel is dit n aansporing om te weet hulle harde werk word waardeer en dat elkeen n belangrike skakel in die Bomaspan is, s hy. Boma Vleismark spog met twee vorige Cleaver toekennings, naamlik provinsiale wenner in 2008 en ook in 2009. Hendrik s om in hierdie unieke kompetisie te presteer, spoor die Bomaspan aan om steeds beter diens aan hulle gewaardeerde klinte te lewer.

Boma Vleismark het voorheen ook al ander toekennings ontvang, soos verlede jaar se goud in Beeld se leserskompetisie as een van Pretoria se gunstelingslaghuise. Dt nadat hulle in 2007 reeds deur lesers van Pretoria News aangewys as beste vleismark in Pretoria. Hendrik s Boma Vleismark luister deurlopend na die behoeftes van die klinte sodat hulle by die klinte se veranderende lewensomstandighede kan aanpas. Daarom ontwikkel hulle voort durend nuwe produkte, soos die soutenpeper boerewors en drowors. Hierdie produkte is slegs met sout en peper gegeur en bevat geen MNG (MSG), kleurmiddels, geurmiddels, preserveermiddels of asyn nie. Die goedopge leide personeel gee ook goeie raad aan klinte oor die gebruik van vleissnitte, die beplanning van spyskaarte, asook die verpakking en berging van vleis. Gesonde geriefskos en klaargaar produkte bied verdere waarde aan die klint.

Hendrik Steenkamp, eienaar van BOMA Vleismark, ontvang die Cleavertoekenning van Louw van Reenen, voorsitter van die SuidAfrikaanse Voerkraalvereniging (SAVV) tydens vanjaar se Cleavertoekennings in April

BOMA Vleismark is op die hoek van Rubenstein en Garsfonteinweg in Moreleta Park, Pretoria. Skakel hulle by 012 998 8711. R

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Trade

Red meat recovering

A significant recovery in global meat prices is expected over the next three years, according to the south African Agricultural Baseline, conducted by the Bureau for Food and Agricultural Policy (BFAP).
The BFAP Baseline 2010 presents an outlook of South African agricultural production, consumption, prices and trade for the period 2010 to 2019. It is based on assumptions about a range of economic, technological, environmental, political, institutional and social factors. For each commodity, the important components of supply and demand are identified and equilibrium established in each market by means of balance sheet principles where demand equals supply. Domestic meat markets seem to have been less affected by the global financial crisis compared to some major shifts that have occurred in meat markets across the globe. For most of the meat types, average prices remained relatively constant during 2008 and 2009, with beef and mutton/ lamb prices recording slight increases, and chicken and pork prices remaining under pressure.
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Mutton prices were supported by significantly higher international prices, especially in New Zealand, which outweighed the bearish impact of the stronger exchange rate. Chicken prices came under increasing pressure of cheaper imports due to the strengthening exchange rate.

Price ratio
The chicken to maize price ratio is one of the key indicators illustrating the potential profit in the industry. The ratio has improved significantly over the past two years due to lower maize prices, but the profitability of the industry is still lower compared to 2004 and 2005, when extremely low maize prices coincided with strong economic growth, which led to a rapid expansion in production capacity. The chicken/maize price ratio will remain relatively constant over most of the baseline as the increase in chicken meat prices is met by the increase in maize prices. However, from 2016 onwards, the profitability shows an increasing trend. The impact of the financial crisis is clearly illustrated by the stagnation of growth in the consumption of beef from 2008 to 2010. From 2011 onwards, beef consumption will increase at an annual average rate of 1,7%, driven by the gradual economic recovery, to reach a level of more than 700 000 tonnes in 2019. The impact of the FIFA World Cup on beef prices seems to be marginal and prices are expected to come under increasing pressure in the third quarter of 2010 as production is expected to increase, mainly driven by lower maize prices. When maize prices are low, maize producers who also have a livestock production enterprise typically aim to realise a higher value for their maize by feeding it to calves that are not marketed. Consequently, in years where maize prices are exceptionally low, calf prices tend to increase rapidly as the calf supply contracts. If beef prices are not supported by strong demand for beef, the result is that calf prices as a percentage

Although the mutton market is

relatively small, a significant growth of 31% is expected over the next decade as per capita income increases

Early indications are that over the period 2008 and 2009, consumers, faced with a budget constraint, shifted towards cheaper cuts of beef and the consumption of chicken as an alternative source of animal protein. The consumption of mutton has remained relatively constant and the consumption of pork has declined marginally over the same period. The growth in the consumption of chicken is projected to outpace the growth for all the other types of meat. With an increase of 42% over the next decade, the total consumption of chicken is projected to exceed two million tonnes by 2019. Beef consumption is expected to grow by 17%. Although the mutton market is relatively small, a significant growth of 31% is expected over the next decade as per capita income increases. Pork consumption is projected to grow by 14% until 2019. South Africa is expected to remain a net importer of chicken, as the annual average growth in production (2,4%) is outpaced by the growth in consumption (3,4%) over the outlook period. Chicken production will increase to 1,7 million tonnes over the next decade.

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of beef prices increase rapidly, which holds a significant risk for the producers, since beef prices could come under significant pressure when these animals are sold. An average beef carcass price of R22,50 per kg is projected for 2010. Over the outlook period, beef prices will move in a typical cyclical pattern, with the next increasing trend commencing in 2011. With a projected annual average rate of increase of 7%, the beef price will reach R46/kg in 2019 compared to a calf price of R28/kg. South Africa is expected to remain a net importer of pork. During periods of an appreciating exchange rate, cheaper imports pose a greater threat to the domestic industry. Since the origin of most imports is either France or Germany, the recent sharp depreciation in the euro relative to the rand has opened a window for imports to increase. Mainly ribs are imported. Pork production was projected to respond to lower feed prices and increase to almost 170 000 tonnes in 2010. Consumption was also expected to increase on the back of the economic recovery and favourable pork prices compared to other meat types. Over the baseline, the growth in consumption of 14% marginally outpaces the projected growth in production of 11%. As a result, pork imports will increase to approximately 22 000 tonnes by 2019.

sector. BFAP is housed as an independent programme within the Department of Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development at the University of Pretoria, the Department of Agricultural Economics at the University of Stellenbosch and the Directorate of Agricultural Economics at the Provincial Department of Agriculture, Western Cape. BFAP is the first of its kind in South Africa and has become a valuable resource to government, agribusiness and farmers by providing analyses of future policy and market scenarios and measuring their impact on farm and firm profitability.

For the full report, visit www.bfap.co.za and click on BFAP Baseline Report 2010. R

Overview
BFAP was established in 2004 to facilitate decision making in the South African agricultural sector and develop capacity to increase the analytical and research skills available to the
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Hierdie maklike resep maak n heerlike ete vir 12 mense

maak koue aande warmer

Frikkadelle:
1kg maalvleis 1 groot ui, gekap 125ml pietersielie, gekap 37,5ml suurlemoensap varsgemaalde swartpeper na smaak 2 snye witbrood 175ml vleisaftreksel 10ml sout

stroganoff-frikkadelle
1. Voorverhit die oond tot 160C. 2. Week die brood in die vleisaftreksel. Voeg by die res van die frikkadel bestanddele en meng met n vurk. 3. Vorm balletjies en rangskik dit op n bakplaat. Bak vir sowat 20 minute en skep die frikkadelle in n diep bak sodra dit gaar is. 4. Berei die sous terwyl die frikkadelle bak: a. Verhit die botter en soteer die uie, sampioene en knoffel daarin. b. Voeg die mosterdpoeier, sout en meelblom by die sampioene. c. Voeg die warm melk geleidelik by terwyl jy die sous oor n lae hitte roer totdat dit dik is. d. Voeg die pietersielie, suurroom en sjerrie by net voor opdiening. 5. Giet die sous oor die frikkadelle en sit dit dadelik voor met stampkoring, pasta of rys. R

Sous:
2 uie, gekap 500g sampioene, gekerf 2 knoffelhuisies, gekap 50ml botter 10ml mosterdpoeier 7,5ml sout 40ml koekmeelblom 500ml warm melk 50ml pietersielie, gekap 100ml suurroom sjerrie na smaak
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