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Subject: Cardace 2.5 H ,Amalong 5 mg side effect on my body as explained below Category: Health Asked by: dvj-ga List Price: $100.00 I have taken CARDACE 2.5 H,AMLONG 5 mg, ,B.P.drugs for 7 years.I find that I have developed cold sensitivity and diabetic condition,low bone density in the same period.Diabetes is recorded as side effect.Can it be corrected after stoping to use the drug.I am 51 years old,167 cms,70 kg,male with constant weight,generally fit with regular work out.My thyroid test are normal.Lost my wife 6 years back and now remarrid from @ 5 years,and generally happy.All other tests are normal.What will reverse the side effects? Request for Question Clarification by pafalafa-ga on 13 Jan 2006 05:27 PST dvj-ga, It would be helpful to us to know what sort of feedback you've had from your doctors on this very question. Have you spoken to you doctor about the symptoms you listed, and your sense that they are side effects of the medication? What did the doctor(s) have to say? Thanks, pafalafa-ga Clarification of Question by dvj-ga on 17 Jan 2006 02:56 PST The diabetes effect is written in the medicine pamflet.After I showd it to the doctor, he changed the medicine,and in last 2 months after that my suger level is @ 200 pp,which was @ 300 pp otherwise. Request for Question Clarification by crabcakes-ga on 18 Jan 2006 22:37 PST Hi DVJ, When you say 200 pp, are you referring to post prandial, meaning two hours after you ate (Or had a glucose load?) I can't locate anything about Amalong , did you mean Atenolol? Do you live in the US? Thank you, Crabcakes Sponsored Links: Thailand Rehab $4,995 USD Reduce your High FSH
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Subject: Re: Cardace 2.5 H ,Amalong 5 mg side effect on my body as explained below Answered By: crabcakes-ga on 18 Jan 2006 23:39 PST Rated: Hello DVJ, None of the sites I researched list diabetes as a side effect of Cardace. Neuropathy and paresthesia are listed however, which may contribute your cold sensitivity. Other than elevated blood glucose, I see no evidence that Cardace causes diabetes. In fact, one study of over 9,000 patients, Ramipril (Cardace) was found to REDUCE the incidence of diabetes. Drugs like Ramipril can help diabetics avoid diabetic kidney damage. Has your doctor ordered a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) test on you? This can help determine your blood glucose over a period of time, as opposed to a random, a post prandial or fasting glucose. Do you have family members with diabetes? Has your doctor diagnosed you as a diabetic? Are you taking insulin or medication? Diabetics are prone to high blood pressure. If you are now diabetic, it is unlikely that Cardace was the cause.

?Patients on ramipril had a 30% lower risk of developing diabetes, making it the first drug ever to be effective in preventing the onset of diabetes.? http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11075

Diabetes: ========= Diabetes, Type 1 is not reversible. Type 2 can be controlled with diet and exercise. ?The two major forms of diabetes are type 1 (previously called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile-onset diabetes) and type 2 (previously called noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

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(NIDDM) or maturity-onset diabetes).? ?? Over time, the pancreas becomes unable to produce enough insulin to overcome resistance. In type 2 diabetes, the initial effect of this stage is usually an abnormal rise in blood sugar right after a meal (called postprandial hyperglycemia). This effect is now believed to be particularly damaging to the body. ? Eventually, the cycle of elevated glucose further impairs and possibly destroys beta cells, thereby stopping insulin production completely and causing full-blown diabetes. This is made evident by fasting hyperglycemia, in which elevated glucose levels are present most of the time.? http://www.well-connected.com/rreports/doc42full.html

"Patient education is essential to help persons with diabetes achieve glycemic control, but care should be taken initially to avoid overwhelming the patient and family with information. This article discusses the management approach during the early days and weeks following the diagnosis of diabetes." "During the early period following diagnosis, the support of a social worker or psychologist may occasionally be helpful. The patient should be asked about stressors at home or work to elicit information that would suggest the need for appropriate referral. Initial assessment should also address the patient's health care beliefs, educational level and cultural background. Support systems and financial circumstances, as well as lifestyle and eating habits, are important issues." http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n8_v51/ai_17003723 Diabetes Learning Center http://www.diabetes.org/all-about-diabetes/diabetes-learning-center.jsp

Cardace: ======== Cardace is an ACE inhibitor, a class of blood pressure medications/anti-hypertensives. ?Ramipril belongs in a class of drugs called angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors which are used for treating high blood pressure and heart failure and for preventing kidney failure due to high blood pressure and diabetes. Other ACE inhibitors are enalapril (Vasotec), quinapril (Accupril), captopril (Capoten), fosinopril (Monopril), benazepril (Lotensin), lisinopril (Zestril, Prinivil), moexipril (Univasc) and trandolapril (Mavik). ACE is important because it produces the protein, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II contracts the muscles of most arteries in the body, including the heart, thereby narrowing the arteries and elevating the blood pressure. In the kidney, the narrowing caused by angiotensin II also increases blood pressure and decreases the flow of blood. ACE inhibitors such as ramipril lower blood pressure by reducing the production of angiotensin II, thereby relaxing the arterial muscles and enlarging the arteries. ?ACE inhibitors may slow the progress of diabetic kidney disease in middle-aged persons with type 2 diabetes. Some (but not all) experts have therefore recommended giving ACE inhibitors to all middle-aged type 2 diabetics.? Historically, it is interesting that the ACE inhibitors were originally developed from the venom of a poisonous Brazilian snake.? http://www.medicinenet.com/ramipril/article.htm

?High blood pressure (hypertension) is often associated with diabetes and it poses a greater threat to people with diabetes than it does to people without diabetes. This is because high blood pressure is one of the major factors influencing nephropathy (damage to the kidneys) and people with diabetes are already at a greater risk of developing nephropathy. High blood pressure is also associated with eye and cardiovascular disease, which are also high risk areas for people with diabetes.? ?ACE Inhibitors also have no adverse effects on the rates at which carbohydrate is broken down and used, unlike some other medicines. For people with insulin dependent diabetes, small doses can be given which protect the kidneys without drastically lowering the blood pressure, which means that they can be given to people who do not have high blood pressure but are showing signs of kidney damage. This may also prevent increases in blood pressure in the future. This effect has not been seen in people with non-insulin dependent diabetes but the fact that ACE Inhibitors do not affect insulin resistance makes them a useful way of controlling blood pressure for this group of people.? ?Drugs of this type include Captopril, Enalapril, Lisinopril, Perindopril and Ramipril amongst others. All need to be started very carefully, in small doses and then increased to achieve the best effect for the individual. The doctor should then monitor the blood pressure and urine three to six monthly to ensure there is no kidney damage and may wish to carry out some blood tests, in the early stages of treatment,? http://www.diabetes.org.uk/infocentre/inform/ace.htm

?These drugs can help people with diabetes reduce their risk of heart attack, stroke, and premature death. They may also delay the onset and progression of kidney disease. In addition, ACE inhibitors can help reduce other complications of diabetes, such as foot ulcers and eye damage (retinopathy). Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness for people with diabetes. They can help prevent diabetic complications in people who do not have high blood pressure.? http://www.drugstore.com/qxa1789_333181_sespider-what_is_the_role_of_ace_inhibitors_in_diabetes.htm

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Cardace, Altace (ramipril) ?SIDE EFFECTS: Ramipril generally is well tolerated, and side effects are usually mild and transient. A dry, persistent cough has been reported with the use of ramipril and other ACE inhibitors. Coughing resolves after discontinuing the drug. Other side effects include abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, rash, dizziness, fatigue, headache, loss of taste, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fainting and numbness or tingling in the hands or feet. Ramipril and other ACE inhibitors also may cause kidney failure and increased levels of potassium in the blood. The most serious but, fortunately, very rare side effects are liver failure and angioedema (swelling of lips and throat that can obstruct breathing).? http://www.medicinenet.com/ramipril/article.htm

?Since ramipril decreases aldosterone secretion, elevation of serum potassium can occur. Potassium supplements and potassium-sparing diuretics should be given with caution, and the patient?s serum potassium should be monitored frequently? ?Elevations of liver enzymes, serum bilirubin, uric acid, and blood glucose have been reported, as have cases of hyponatremia and scattered incidents of leukopenia, eosinophilia, and proteinuria. In US trials, less than 0.2% of patients discontinued treatment for laboratory abnormalities; all of these were cases of proteinuria or abnormal liver-function tests.? http://www.drugs.com/Altace/ ?Elevations of liver enzymes, serum bilirubin, uric acid, and blood glucose have been reported, as have cases of hyponatremia and scattered incidents of leukopenia, eosinophilia, and proteinuria.? http://www.healthscout.com/rxdetail/68/26/2/main_4.html

Bone Density ============= ?Osteoporosis Common in Diabetes Patients, on Thursday, June 17 @ 13:04:41 EDT Australian doctors are urging clinicians to consider screening their diabetic patients for osteoporosis. Dr. Wendy Davis, from the University of Western Australia in Fremantle, and colleagues, issued the recommendation following research that found that previously unrecognized osteoporosis is common in patients with diabetes. She presented her findings at the 63rd Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association. "The relationship between diabetes and osteoporosis appears complex," Dr. Davis said. "In type 1 diabetes, there is evidence of low bone mineral density [BMD] at peripheral sites which is associated with diabetes diagnosis before puberty, poor glycemic control, high insulin requirements, and microvascular complications," she added. "In type 2 diabetes, there is normal or even increased BMD [bone mineral density]." http://www.diabetesincontrol.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1336

?High dietary intake of potassium from fruits and vegetables throughout one's life helps to preserve bone mass thereby preventing bone loss that can lead to osteoporosis.? Since Cardace increases serum potassium, it?s not likely that this medication is the cause of your loss of bone density. http://www.umm.edu/altmed/ConsSupplements/Potassiumcs.html

?Nevertheless, it is important to remember that men may also be at risk for osteoporosis, especially if they have certain illnesses, a low testosterone level, are smokers, take certain medications, or are sedentary.? http://www.medicinenet.com/bone_density_scan/article.htm#toca

?First, we need to define just what osteoporosis is. It is a bone condition defined by low bone mass, increased fragility, decreased bone quality, and an increased risk for bone fracture. It is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease in the United States.? ?Type 1 diabetes has long been associated with low bone density.? http://www.diabetic-lifestyle.com/articles/dec02_whats_1.htm ?A third of men with type 2 diabetes have low testosterone levels, a new study suggests. Testosterone helps men reduce body fat and improves the way their bodies handle insulin. So low testosterone levels may have serious consequences for men with diabetes, suggests Sandeep Dhindsa, MD, of State University of New York at Buffalo.? http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/12/01/health/webmd/main658541.shtml

Low testosterone can increase bone loss in men. Testosterone decreases as men age. ?Also men clinically diagnosed with hypogonadism consistently have low bone density. Measurements of testosterone in men with hip fractures show low levels of free testosterone. Bone biopsies from hypogonadal men with osteoporosis show a high bone turnover rate, as compared with eugonadal osteoporotic men.? http://courses.washington.edu/bonephys/opmale.html

Osteoporosis can affect 1 in 12 men. ?These conditions include low levels of the hormone testosterone (hypogonadism), long term use of oral corticosteroid tablets, prolonged immobility, excessive alcohol intake and malabsorption of essential minerals and vitamins due to other medical conditions e.g. Crohns disease, after major surgery on the stomach and also coeliac disease.? ?Hypogonadism is a lack of the male sex hormone testosterone, which is made in the testes (both testicles).

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Hypogonadism in men can be due to a problem with the testes themselves or the pituitary gland, which controls the hormone systems. Disease or damage to the testes may stop them from responding to the stimulation from the pituitary gland. This includes genetic disorders of the testes e.g. Klinefelters syndrome, inflammation of the testes (orchitis), radiation or chemotherapy and alcohol abuse. Removal of both testicles, injury to both testicles and undescended testicles are all causes of hypogonadism.? http://72.14.203.104/search?q=cache:it7b982Co4EJ:www.nos.org.uk/InfoSheets/TestosteroneandOsteoporosis.pdf+testosterone+%2B+osteoporosis&hl=en

?The risk of osteoporosis increases as a consequence of declining testosterone levels that occur with increasing age, and the coincident decrease in BMD. In men with hypogonadism, BMD is generally low, and can be improved with testosterone replacement therapy. However, there are no prospective studies on fracture prevention with testosterone supplementation either in patients with established hypogonadism, or the broader group of elderly male patients without diagnosed hypogonadism.27 In one randomized study of changes in BMD of the lumbar spine among 108 men over the age of 65 years, who were randomized to receive either a testosterone or placebo patch for 36 months, BMD did not increase among those men with normal pretreatment testosterone levels (400 ng/dL), while among those with a low pretreatment testosterone level (200 ng/dL or less), the testosterone therapy was associated with an increase in BMD.? http://www.ama-cmeonline.com/osteo_mgmt/module07/06trea/

I hope this has helped you. Please read over each posted site ? I am unable to post complete articles due to copyright protection. If you will reply to my clarification regarding the second drug, I can research it further for you. It appears that you may (note - **MAY** ? you can not be diagnosed online!) have developed diabetes, but it is not likely that the Cardace precipitated it. It appears coincidental. *If* you HAVE developed diabetes, it is not reversible. If you have developed Type 1, you will need to be tested further and placed on insulin. Type 2, as I stated earlier, can usually be controlled by diet and exercise, or if not, oral tablets can be prescribed ? no insulin injections needed. The silver lining is? if you actually have diabetes, Type 1, learning so now can save your life! Starting treatment can prevent diabetic episodes, kidney and heart disease! This answer is for information purposes only and is not intended to diagnose or replace medical advice from a licensed physician. If any part of my answer is unclear, please request an Answer Clarification, and allow me to respond, before you rate this answer. I will be glad to assist you further, on this question, before you rate. I wish you good health! Sincerely, Crabcakes

Search Terms ========================= Hypertensive drugs + list ACE inhibitors + osteoporosis ACE inhibitors + diabetes Osteoporosis Cardace + side effects Cardace + diabetes Diabetes + osteoporosis Testosterone + osteoporosis Request for Answer Clarification by dvj-ga on 19 Jan 2006 05:46 PST none of you have noted the H, that is Cardace 2.5 H,and not plain Cardace2.5. Request for Answer Clarification by dvj-ga on 19 Jan 2006 05:50 PST And the H part is documented to induce diabetes in some user with family members with diabetes. Request for Answer Clarification by dvj-ga on 19 Jan 2006 05:53 PST And I am asking what will reverse the side effect after discontinueing the medicine.That is THE question. Clarification of Answer by crabcakes-ga on 19 Jan 2006 11:07 PST Hello DVJ,

I did note the "H", but had wrongly assumed it was a typo or stood for a brand name. This is the reason I asked for your country, and a clarification! Often, a reasearcher and a customer need to maintain a dialogue in order to impart information on both sides, to allow for a complete answer. As I noted in my original answer, nothing will reverse diabetes. If a medication causes a transient rise in glucose levels, stopping the drug usually returns the levels to normal. However, if it is a true diabetes, nothing will reverse or cure it. It also appears very unlikely that Cardace H has caused you to develop diabetes. Please read on:

I found on a site from India thet the "H" stands for "Hydrochlorothiazide". It is a diuretic, what some people call a "water pill". Many people who have elevated blood pressure retain fluid, and the "H" helps rid the body of excess fluid. Excess fluid

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makes it harder for the heart to pump - not good for people with high blood pressure. Researching hydrochlorothiazide and diabetes, I find:

Side effects include: Frequent urination should go away after you take hydrochlorothiazide for a few weeks. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away: * * * * * * * * * * * muscle weakness dizziness cramps thirst stomach pain upset stomach vomiting diarrhea loss of appetite headache hair loss

If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately: * sore throat with fever * unusual bleeding or bruising * severe skin rash with peeling skin * difficulty breathing or swallowing http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682571.html " If you have diabetes hydrochlorothiazide may affect your blood sugar levels. Test your urine or blood regularly and report any extreme changes to your doctor. # Hydrochlorothiazide may cause your skin to become more sensitive to sunlight than it is usually. Try to avoid bright sunlight and sunbeds or use a sun cream higher than factor 15 until you know how your skin reacts." # ake hydrochlorothiazide exactly as directed by your doctor. # Always read the manufacturer's information leaflet, if possible, before beginning treatment. # Hydrochlorothiazide will make you urinate (pass water) more often, so your doctor or pharmacist will usually advise you to take your dose in the morning so as not to disturb your sleep. If you take more than one dose per day, take the last dose before 6pm in the evening. # Never take more than the prescribed dose. If you suspect that you or someone else has taken an overdose of hydrochlorothiazide contact your doctor or go to the accident and emergency department of your local hospital at once. Always take the container with you, if possible, even if it is empty. # Hydrochlorothiazide is for you. Never give it to others, even if their condition appears to be the same as yours." http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/30002898/ Note that every site advises you to tell your doctor if you are diabetic before starting the "H" medicine. This is so the doctor has you monitor your blood glucose extra vigiantly. This site clearly explains the relationship between hyperglycemia(elevated glucose level) and hydrochlorothiazide. Note the comment that the "H" drug itself does not cause hyperglycemia, but prevents diabetes medication from working effectively. You do not say you are on insulin or oral medication for diabetes. http://www.defeatdiabetes.org/Articles/drugs050209.htm So, unless you are a diabetic already taking medication, Cardace H does not CAUSE diabetes. Thye "H" may cause elevated glucose in those taking insulin or pills. If you have developed diabetes, and are taking insulin or pills, you should either stop taking Cardace H and/or monitor your blood glucose more often and adjust your medication accordingly. Your doctor will weigh the benefits of keeping you on Cardace H versus the effects it may cause. If you do NOT have diabetes, Cardace H will not cause it. There are numerous other blood pressure medications, and often patients go through a trial and error process in order to find the correct one for them.

If you truly feel this medication has caused you to have hyperglycemia, have your doctor prescribe a different medication for you. Again please consider: Cardace H will not cause diabetes, but can raise blood glucose levels in diabetics The disease Diabetes, is irreversible. I noted that in my answer. There are millions of diabetics, the world around, that wish it was curable! You can't be diagnosed online - I do not know what other medications you are taking, or your medical history.

If you need further assistance on this question, please clarify the following: ============================================================================= In which country do you live? Have you already been diagnosed with diabetes?

Do you take insulin or oral medication?

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What is the seond medication you posted? The one starting with A. Could it be Analog - a pharmaceutical term for a chemical form of drug? If you live outside of the US, your country may put analog on the label.

Different countries use different terminology, which is why it is important to let us know where you live. (Country only). I hope this clarification has been useful to you. Again, please request another clarification, and allow me to respond, before you rate, if you need further assistance. Sincerely, Crabcakes Request for Answer Clarification by dvj-ga on 19 Jan 2006 20:20 PST The drugs are Ramipril and Hydrochlorothiazide,in Cardace 2.5 H.It is made by Aventis Pharma Ltd,Bombay 400093.The Pamflet says,Hydroclorothiazide may lower tolarance to glucose.In patients with diabetes mellitus,this may lead to deterioration of metabolic control.A latent diabetes mellitus(priviously latent disturbance of suger metabolism) may become manifest for the first time. Clarification of Answer by crabcakes-ga on 19 Jan 2006 21:41 PST In my last clarification I gave you lots of information on hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic. Note that your pamphlet states it *may* lower glucose tolerance. This is not diabetes. Your pamphlet goes on to say it is harful to diabetic patients. A previously latent diabetes mellitus may become manifest at this time indicates this druga may have triggered your dormant diabetes. The diabetes would still be ireversible.

Latent diabetes ================ "Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA), Slow Onset Type 1 and Type 1.5 are all names for a type of diabetes diagnosed in adulthood. It is caused by an immune system attack on the beta cells of the pancreas, which are responsible for producing insulin. Patients with LADA generally have the following characteristics: slender/physically fit appearance, rather than overweight, little or no resistance to insulin, do not immediately require insulin for treatment, test positive for antibodies that attack beta cells, called GAD65 antibodies, do not respond to medications used to reduce insulin resistance, do respond to medications that stimulate insulin production, slow digestion of carbohydrates and decrease excess glucose production by the liver. LADA can be misdiagnosed because patients may initially respond well to oral therapy, similar to a Type 2 patient. Unlike Type 1 patients who require insulin immediately, LADA patients may achieve normal glucose levels for a few years before insulin is needed." http://www.diabetes.org/liveonline/transcript.jsp?chatid=3

"This subgroup is referred to as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). LADA is a slow, progressive form of type 1 diabetes. Of all the patients with diabetes, only approximately 10% of the patients have type 1 diabetes and the remaining 90% have type 2 diabetes." You more than likely would have developed diabetes anyway. The drug only brought about the symptoms. Latent mean it it slow developing http://www.medicinenet.com/diabetes_mellitus/page3.htm

LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults) "LADA, a disease characterized by immune markers typical of type 1 diabetes but that initially does not require insulin (1). Patients with LADA have several features of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (table 1). Like patients with type 1 diabetes, they have a positive test for pancreatic autoantibodies, which indicates the autoimmune nature of the disease. Among these antibodies are glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, islet cell antibodies, insulin autoantibodies, and tyrosine phosphatase antibodies (3). Like patients with type 2 diabetes, patients with LADA do not require insulin initially and may, to a variable degree, have insulin resistance. " "It is logical to start screening for LADA by measuring glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody levels. However, in cases of increased suspicion of LADA despite a negative test for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, measurement of the other antibodies can help establish the diagnosis. After LADA is confirmed, it is also useful to measure levels of C peptide (a marker of pancreatic beta cell function), which can help identify the degree of beta cell destruction and direct management. (For example, a patient with a low C-peptide level will not benefit from a medication that stimulates insulin secretion.)" http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/2005/03_05/nabhan.htm I apologize for the miscommunications, but that's the purpose of the answer clarification process. Had you answered my own clarifications, we may have arrived at an answer sooner. Good luck, and I'd recommend visiting a very good endocrinologist and being thoroughly. You never let me know if you were on insulin or pills, or if you have already been diagnosed. In any case, sadly,m once you have diabetes, you will have it. It can only be monitored and treated, not cured.

Sincerely, Crabcakes

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Request for Answer Clarification by dvj-ga on 19 Jan 2006 21:52 PST Amlong ,is Amlodipine. Pl note again,I did not have any problem,before starting this treatment.Can I reverse the side effects by some method?

Clarification of Answer by crabcakes-ga on 19 Jan 2006 22:18 PST DVJ, If you have developed diabetes, it can NOT be reversed. In order to know if you have diabetes, you must be thoroughly tested. An HbA1C would be a good test to have run. Note that the drug, Cardace H can cause LATENT diabetes to appear. You would still have had the latent diabetes, IF you HAVE diabetes. It can not be reversed. According to your blood tests and an evaluation by an endocrinologist, you will need to take insulin or an oral medication, and monitor your blood glucose often. I hate to deliver bad news, but there is no cure for diabetes, But in order to KNOW if you are a diabetic, you need to be evalucate dby an endocrinologist. Regards, Crabcakes Clarification of Answer by crabcakes-ga on 19 Jan 2006 22:29 PST Thank you for providing me with another spelling of Amlong. I found no drug with that name. Nor Amalong. The name in the US (English) is Norvasc, the generic name, as you recently provided to me, is Amlodipine. Here is some information: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a692044.html http://www.medicinenet.com/amlodipine/article.htm Regards, Crabcakes Request for Answer Clarification by dvj-ga on 20 Jan 2006 22:06 PST O K,I have understood that diabetes is irrevercible.What abut cold sensitivity and low bone density,as asked in original question? Are they curable?

Clarification of Answer by crabcakes-ga on 20 Jan 2006 22:52 PST As stated in my orginal answer, loss of bone density is normal as men age. It is related to decreasing testosterone levels as men mature. Do you consume adequate amounts of calcium daily? Dairy products and green leafy vegetables are high in calcium. "There are many factors that increase a man?s risk of developing osteoporosis. Approximately 50-60 percent of men with osteoporosis have disorders or conditions that can produce bone loss, including hypogonadism (low production of the male sex hormone testosterone), hyperparathyroidism, intestinal disorders, malignancies, steroid therapy (e.g., chronic prednisone treatment), and immobilization. Hypogonadism has recently been of particular interest, since it can be present with few or no symptoms. Additional risk factors for low bone density include unhealthy lifestyle behaviors such as smoking, alcohol abuse, chronic inactivity, and low body weight (especially if further weight loss occurs). Of interest is the fact that despite extensive testing, no obvious cause has been found in a large number of men who develop fractures or have low bone mineral density. When osteoporosis develops in the absence of recognized risk factors, the condition is known as idiopathic osteoporosis. This form of osteoporosis can occur at any stage of life, including childhood or adolescence." "The treatment of osteoporosis in men consists of identifying and treating specific causes of bone loss and maintaining a balanced diet with an adequate intake of calcium (1,000 mg per day in younger men and 1,200-1,500 mg per day in men over the age of 65 years) and vitamin D (400-800 IU per day). Inactivity should be avoided. An integral part of osteoporosis prevention and treatment should also include a recommendation for an appropriate exercise or physical therapy program. Weight-bearing exercise and resistance training are especially helpful. If testosterone deficiency is found, testosterone replacement therapy should be considered. Other treatments under investigation for use in men include calcitonin, the bisphosphonates (e.g., alendronate), human parathyroid hormone and others. Unfortunately, there is still not enough information to know how successful these approaches will be in men. Preventing bone loss and fractures is of primary importance. Where possible, risk factors such as smoking and excessive alcohol intake should be avoided; a balanced diet replete in calcium and vitamin D should be a priority; and proper exercise, particularly weight-bearing exercises, should be a regular part of weekly activities. Finally, the prevention of falls is very important and common household hazards (such as slippery floors and unlit stairways) and medications or drugs that dull the senses and produce drowsiness should be avoided." http://www.nof.org/men/strategies_men.htm Yes, bone loss can be reversed, to a point. Ask your doctor about medications that can help, provided your bone loss is sufficiently large to warrant medication. Cold Sensitivity Your doctor will have to figure out the reason for your cold

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sensitivity. It could be,, as I stated in the orignal answer, that this is due to diabetes (neuropathy). "Possible causes of symptom: Cold sensitivity: The following medical conditions are some of the possible causes of Cold sensitivity as a symptom. There are likely to be other possible causes, so ask your doctor about your symptoms. * * * * * * * * * * * * Normal genetic variation Normal aging Chills Depression Seasonal affective disorder Raynaud's phenomenon Anemia Iron deficiency anemia Migraine Thyroid disorder Hypothyroidism Addison's disease your

You said your thyroid results were normal, so consider having doctor evaluate you for other disorders. http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/sym/cold_sensitivity.htm http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003095.htm http://health.allrefer.com/health/cold-intolerance-info.html Here is an excellent answer by my colleague, Umiat-ga http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview?id=541799 I trust all your questions are now answered? Regards, Crabcakes

dvj-ga rated this answer:

I would have prefered more reasearch on cold sensitivity,with treatment options,still it is good effort.

Comments
Subject: Re: Cardace 2.5 H ,Amalong 5 mg side effect on my body as explained below From: vsssarma-ga on 20 Jan 2006 23:55 PST Friends! Type 2 Diabetes can be controlled. I have been hypertensive for 15 years. I also developed Diabetes about 4 years ago. I am a 50 y/o man. By trial and error, I am now able to totally control Diabetes. The trick is - control your portions of what you eat, take the medicine doctor has prescribed (I use 4 mg of Amaryl a day) and the most important thing is - I BURN 800 CALORIES EVERY DAY ON TREADMILL. I go to gym in the morning, set to 5.5 KM/hr speed, work out on the treadmill for 20 minutes, take a 5 minute break and then work out for another 20 minutes. In these 4 minutes, I burn 400 calories. Then I go back in the evening and do it again. Now my random sugar numbers for 4 days are: 145, 105, 124, and 114. I feel confident that I can control Diabetes and Diabetes can not control me. This work out appears to be benefitting my hypertensin too as the reading are about 117/70, 124/83, etc. ALL THE BEST GUYS, HAVE CONFIDENCE. YOU CAN CONTROL THESE DISEASES. Subject: Re: Cardace 2.5 H ,Amalong 5 mg side effect on my body as explained below From: crabcakes-ga on 21 Jan 2006 05:59 PST Please note the question was "reversed", as in cured. Controlling diabetes with medications, diet, and exercise was discussed in the original answer, and clarifications. I'm afraid DVJ wants to know if diabetes can be reversed. There is a huge difference between "Contolled, or managed" and "Cured, or reversed". My father has his diabetes under strict control, with insulin, blood glucose testing, and weight and diet control.But he can't have it "reverserd or cured". Subject: Re: Cardace 2.5 H ,Amalong 5 mg side effect on my body as explained below From: vsssarma-ga on 22 Jan 2006 02:30 PST Crabcakes (whatever it may mean) has done a great job in going thro' quite a lot of science, assimilating it and posting the same in an 'easy to read and understand' language. I thank him for this. Yes, reversing Diabetes is as easy as reversing our age. Imagine me going back from 50 years of age to 16 years' of age! It is as simple as that. But as he rightly says, the condition can be controlled. The approach is three pronged (MED) - medicine, exercise & diet. Occasional guidance from an experienced friend and a 'good' medical doctor are also of use. Subject: Re: Cardace 2.5 H ,Amalong 5 mg side effect on my body as explained below From: crabcakes-ga on 22 Jan 2006 05:22 PST In the US, crabcakes are a patty made of flaked crab meat, cracker crumbs, seasonings, and delicately fried in a small amount of oil. I grew up eating them on Fridays. Had I known my log in name would become my permqnent screen name, I think I would have chosen a more suitable name. In Chesapeake Bay blue crabs, the male has an obelisk shape (resembling the Washington Monument) on it's underside shell, while the female has a dome shape (resembling the Capitol Building)on her undershell. I am of the Capitol Building pursuasion! :-) Regards, Crabcakes Important Disclaimer: Answers and comments provided on Google Answers are general information, and are not intended to substitute for informed professional medical, psychiatric, psychological, tax, legal, investment, accounting, or other professional advice. Google does not endorse, and expressly disclaims liability for any product, manufacturer, distributor, service or service provider mentioned or any opinion expressed in answers or comments. Please read carefully the Google Answers Terms of Service. If you feel that you have found inappropriate content, please let us know by emailing us at answers-support@google.com with the question ID listed above. Thank you. Search Google Answers for Search Answers

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CARDACE

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Home About Us FAQs Links Contact Us CARDACE Uses: The uses of CARDACE include: Cardace is manufactured by Aventis, India. This drug belongs to a group of medications called ACE inhibitors. It is used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). It works by relaxing blood vessels, causing them to widen. Lowering high blood pressure helps prevent strokes, heart attacks and kidney problems. This medication is also used to prevent heart problems (such as heart attacks) and/or strokes in certain high risk patients, and with other drugs (e.g., "water pills"/diuretics, digoxin) to treat congestive heart failure. Strength 1.25mg 2.5mg 1.25mg 1.25mg 5mg 2.5mg 10mg 2.5mg 10mg 1.25mg 5mg Qty 100 Tablets 100 Tablets 100 Tablets 200(2 x 100) Tablets 100 Tablets 150 Tablets 100 Tablets 200(2 x 100) Tablets 100 Tablets 400(4 x 100) Tablets 200(2 x 100) Tablets
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Aldactone Information from Drugs.com

Page 1 of 4

Home Drugs A to Z A Al Aldactone Consumer Information

Aldactone
Generic Name: spironolactone (spir ON oh LAK tone) Brand Names: Aldactone

What is Aldactone?
Aldactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic (water pill) that prevents your body from absorbing too much salt and keeps your potassium levels from getting too low. Aldactone is used to diagnose or treat a condition in which you have too much aldosterone in your body. Aldosterone is a hormone produced by your adrenal glands to help regulate the salt and water balance in your body. Aldactone also treats fluid retention (edema) in people with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis of the liver, or a kidney disorder called nephrotic syndrome. Aldactone is also used to treat or prevent hypokalemia (low potassium levels in the blood). Aldactone may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Important information about Aldactone

Do not use Aldactone if you have kidney disease, urination problems, or high levels of potassium in your blood. Do not use potassium supplements or other diuretics while you are taking Aldactone. Before using this medication, tell your doctor if you have liver disease, or if you use a steroid or another diuretic. Avoid drinking alcohol, which can increase some of the side effects of Aldactone. Avoid a diet high in salt. Too much salt will cause your body to retain water and can make this medication less effective. Do not use salt substitutes or low-sodium milk products that contain potassium. These products could cause your potassium levels to get too high while you are taking Aldactone. Avoid becoming overheated or dehydrated during exercise and in hot weather. Follow your doctor's instructions about the type and amount of liquids you should drink. In some cases, drinking too much liquid can be as unsafe as not drinking enough. If you are being treated for high blood pressure, keep using this medication even if you feel fine. High blood pressure often has no symptoms.

http://www.drugs.com/aldactone.html

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Aldactone Information from Drugs.com

Page 2 of 4

What should I discuss with my doctor before taking Aldactone?

Do not use Aldactone if you have: kidney disease or are unable to urinate; high potassium levels (hyperkalemia); or if you are taking potassium supplements or other potassium-sparing diuretics such as Aldactazide, amiloride (Midamor, Moduretic), or triamterene (Dyrenium, Dyazide, Maxzide). Before using Aldactone, tell your doctor if you have: heart disease; liver disease; or if you are using a steroid, or another diuretic. If you have any of these conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take Aldactone. FDA pregnancy category C. This medication may be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. Aldactone passes into breast milk and could cause harm to a nursing baby. Do not use this medication without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.

How should I take Aldactone?

Take Aldactone exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Take each dose with a full glass of water. To be sure this medication is not causing harmful effects, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. It is important that you not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor. This medication can cause you to have unusual results with certain medical tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using Aldactone. If you need to have any type of surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are taking Aldactone. You may need to stop using the medicine for a short time. If you are being treated for high blood pressure, keep using this medication even if you feel fine. High blood pressure often has no symptoms. Store this medication at room temperature away from heat, light, and moisture. See also: Aldactone dosage (in more detail)

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at the next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.

http://www.drugs.com/aldactone.html

13-11-2011

Aldactone Information from Drugs.com

Page 3 of 4

What happens if I overdose?

Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. Overdose symptoms may include drowsiness, confusion, red skin rash, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea.

What should I avoid while taking Aldactone?

Avoid drinking alcohol, which can increase some of the side effects of Aldactone. Tell your doctor if you regularly use other medicines that make you light-headed (such as cold or allergy medicine, narcotic pain medicine, sleeping pills, muscle relaxers, and medicine for seizures, depression, or anxiety). They can add to the side effects of Aldactone. Do not use salt substitutes or low-sodium milk products that contain potassium. These products could cause your potassium levels to get too high while you are taking Aldactone. Avoid a diet high in salt. Too much salt will cause your body to retain water and can make this medication less effective. Aldactone can cause side effects that may impair your thinking or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert. Avoid becoming overheated or dehydrated during exercise and in hot weather. Follow your doctor's instructions about the type and amount of liquids you should drink. In some cases, drinking too much liquid can be as unsafe as not drinking enough.

Aldactone side effects

Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Stop using this medication and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects: numbness or tingly feeling; muscle pain or weakness; slow, fast, or uneven heartbeat; feeling drowsy, restless, or light-headed; urinating less than usual or not at all; shallow breathing; tremors, confusion; or nausea, stomach pain, low fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes). Less serious side effects may include: mild nausea or vomiting; dizziness, headache; gas, stomach pain; or skin rash. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. See also: Aldactone side effects (in more detail)

http://www.drugs.com/aldactone.html

13-11-2011

Aldactone Information from Drugs.com

Page 4 of 4

What other drugs will affect Aldactone?

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs: lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid); digoxin (digitalis, Lanoxin); steroids such as prednisone, fluticasone (Advair), mometasone (Asmanex, Nasonex), dexamethasone (Decadron, Hexadrol) and others; an ACE inhibitor such as benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten), fosinopril (Monopril), enalapril (Vasotec), lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), moexipril (Univasc), perindopril (Aceon), quinapril (Accupril), ramipril (Altace), or trandolapril (Mavik); or an NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) such as ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn), diclofenac (Cataflam, Voltaren), diflunisal (Dolobid), etodolac (Lodine), flurbiprofen (Ansaid), indomethacin (Indocin), ketoprofen (Orudis), ketorolac (Toradol), mefenamic acid (Ponstel), meloxicam (Mobic), nabumetone (Relafen), piroxicam (Feldene), and others. This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with Aldactone. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.

Where can I get more information?

Your pharmacist can provide more information about Aldactone.
Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children. Never share your medicines with others and only use this medication for the condition prescribed. Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-todate, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist. Copyright 1996-2009 Cerner Multum, Inc. Version: 7.01. Revision Date: 04/01/2009 11:32:44 AM.

http://www.drugs.com/aldactone.html

13-11-2011

Clopidogrel: MedlinePlus Drug Information

Page 1 of 1

Clopidogrel
(kloh pid' oh grel) URL of this page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601040.html

IMPORTANT WARNING:
Clopidogrel must be changed to an active form in your body so that it can treat your condition. Some people do not change clopidogrel to its active form in the body as well as other people. Because the medication does not work as well in these people, they may be at a higher risk of having a heart attack or stroke. There are tests available to identify people who have trouble changing clopidogrel to an active form. Talk to your doctor about whether you should be tested. If you are found to have difficulty converting clopidogrel to its active form, your doctor may change your dose of clopidogrel or tell you not to take clopidogrel. Talk to your doctor about the risks of taking clopidogrel.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Clopidogrel is used to prevent strokes and heart attacks in patients at risk for these problems. Clopidogrel is in a class of medications called antiplatelet drugs. It works by helping to prevent harmful blood clots that may cause heart attacks or strokes.

How should this medicine be used?

Clopidogrel comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day with or without food. Try to take clopidogrel at around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take clopidogrel exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor. Clopidogrel will help prevent heart attacks and strokes only as long as you take the medication. Continue to take clopidogrel even if you feel well. Do not stop taking clopidogrel without talking to your doctor.

Other uses for this medicine

Clopidogrel is also sometimes used to prevent blood clots in people with mitral valve disease (a condition that affects the valve that separates the left upper and lower chambers of the heart) prosthetic (artificial) heart valves, and people undergoing certain heart procedures such as coronary artery stent placement. Talk to your doctor about the possible risks of using this medication for your condition. This medication may be prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

What special precautions should I follow?

Before taking clopidogrel,
tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to clopidogrel or any other medications.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601040.html

13-11-2011

Clopidogrel: MedlinePlus Drug Information

Page 1 of 4

Clopidogrel
(kloh pid' oh grel) URL of this page: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601040.html

IMPORTANT WARNING:
Clopidogrel must be changed to an active form in your body so that it can treat your condition. Some people do not change clopidogrel to its active form in the body as well as other people. Because the medication does not work as well in these people, they may be at a higher risk of having a heart attack or stroke. There are tests available to identify people who have trouble changing clopidogrel to an active form. Talk to your doctor about whether you should be tested. If you are found to have difficulty converting clopidogrel to its active form, your doctor may change your dose of clopidogrel or tell you not to take clopidogrel. Talk to your doctor about the risks of taking clopidogrel.

Why is this medication prescribed?

Clopidogrel is used to prevent strokes and heart attacks in patients at risk for these problems. Clopidogrel is in a class of medications called antiplatelet drugs. It works by helping to prevent harmful blood clots that may cause heart attacks or strokes.

How should this medicine be used?

Clopidogrel comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is usually taken once a day with or without food. Try to take clopidogrel at around the same time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Take clopidogrel exactly as directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor. Clopidogrel will help prevent heart attacks and strokes only as long as you take the medication. Continue to take clopidogrel even if you feel well. Do not stop taking clopidogrel without talking to your doctor.

Other uses for this medicine

Clopidogrel is also sometimes used to prevent blood clots in people with mitral valve disease (a condition that affects the valve that separates the left upper and lower chambers of the heart) prosthetic (artificial) heart valves, and people undergoing certain heart procedures such as coronary artery stent placement. Talk to your doctor about the possible risks of using this medication for your condition. This medication may be prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

What special precautions should I follow?

Before taking clopidogrel,
tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to clopidogrel or any other medications.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601040.html

13-11-2011

Clopidogrel: MedlinePlus Drug Information

Page 2 of 4

tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional supplements, and herbal products you are taking or plan to take. Be sure to mention any of the following: anticoagulants ('blood thinners') such as warfarin (Coumadin); certain antifungals such as fluconazole (Diflucan), ketoconazole (Nizoral), and voriconazole (Vfend); aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as felbamate (Felbatol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), and naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn); fluvastatin (Lescol); cimetidine (Tagamet); etravirine (Intelence); fluoxetine (Prozac); fluvoxamine (Luvox); phenytoin (Dilantin); proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as esomeprazole (Nexium) and omeprazole (Prilosec, Prilosec OTC, Zegerid); tamoxifen (Nolvadex); ticlopidine (Ticlid); tolbutamide; and torsemide (Demadex). Your doctor may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects. tell your doctor if you have bleeding ulcers (sores in the lining of the stomach or small intestine that are bleeding), bleeding in the brain, or any other condition that causes severe bleeding. Your doctor may tell you that you should not take clopidogrel. tell your doctor if you have recently been injured and if you have or have ever had liver or kidney disease or any condition that may cause bleeding, including stomach problems such as ulcers and certain eye problems. tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking clopidogrel, call your doctor. if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the doctor or dentist that you are taking clopidogrel. you should know that you may bleed more easily or for a longer time than usual while you are taking clopidogrel. Be careful not to cut or hurt yourself while you are taking clopidogrel.

What special dietary instructions should I follow?

Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, continue your normal diet.

What should I do if I forget a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

What side effects can this medication cause?

Clopidogrel may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:
excessive tiredness headache dizziness nausea stomach pain diarrhea nosebleed

Some side effects can be serious. If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your doctor immediately:
hives

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601040.html

13-11-2011

Clopidogrel: MedlinePlus Drug Information

rash itching difficulty breathing or swallowing swelling of the face, throat, tongue, lips, eyes, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs hoarseness black and tarry stools red blood in stools bloody vomit vomit that looks like coffee grounds unusual bleeding or bruising slow or difficult speech weakness or numbness of an arm or a leg vision loss fever shortness of breath fast heartbeat pale skin purple patches or bleeding under the skin confusion yellowing of the skin or eyes

Page 3 of 4

Clopidogrel may cause other side effects. Call your doctor if you have any unusual problems while taking this medication. If you experience a serious side effect, you or your doctor may send a report to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) MedWatch Adverse Event Reporting program online [at http://www.fda.gov/Safety/MedWatch] or by phone [1-800-332-1088].

What storage conditions are needed for this medicine?

Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication.

In case of emergency/overdose
In case of overdose, call your local poison control center at 1-800-222-1222. If the victim has collapsed or is not breathing, call local emergency services at 911.

Symptoms of overdose may include the following:

unusual bruising or bleeding

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601040.html

13-11-2011

Clopidogrel: MedlinePlus Drug Information

Page 4 of 4

What other information should I know?

Keep all appointments with your doctor and the laboratory. Your doctor may order certain lab tests to check your body's response to clopidogrel. Do not let anyone else take your medication. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your prescription. It is important for you to keep a written list of all of the prescription and nonprescription (over-the-counter) medicines you are taking, as well as any products such as vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. You should bring this list with you each time you visit a doctor or if you are admitted to a hospital. It is also important information to carry with you in case of emergencies.

Brand names
Plavix

Last Reviewed - 11/01/2010

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc. Disclaimer AHFS Consumer Medication Information. Copyright, 2011. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, Inc., 7272 Wisconsin Avenue, Bethesda, Maryland. All Rights Reserved. Duplication for commercial use must be authorized by ASHP.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601040.html

13-11-2011

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